DOCSLIB.ORG

1688-1701 Issn 2077-4605

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1688-1701 Issn 2077-4605 Middle East Journal of Agriculture Volume : 07 | Issue : 04 | Oct.-Dec. | 2018 Research Pages:1688-1701 ISSN 2077-4605 Taxonomic revision of Piuus L. in Egypt Fatema S. Mohamed Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC., Giza, Egypt. Received: 20 Oct. 2018 / Accepted 10 Dec. 2018 / Publication date: 24 Dec. 2018 ABSTRACT This study includes taxonomic revision, documentation, description and distribution of Pinus species cultivated in Egypt. Fresh specimens were collected from three gardens; The Agricultural Museum, El-Orman and the Zoo Gardens. Seven species and one variety were collected, identified, described and compared with the specimens in the herbarium of Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department (CAIM). Three new species and one variety were deposited in the herbarium namely; P. brutia Ten., P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba., P. canariensis C. Smith and P. sylvestris L. Herbarium specimens were examined and photographed to help in establishing database information and to be available for the taxonomic researchers to further study of this genus. This study showed the importance of morphological traits for taxonomic evaluation among the studied taxa of Pinus in Egypt. Moreover a constructed key to Pinus species is provided. Keywords: Pinaceae, Pinus, Resinous trees, Coniferous Introduction The family Pinaceae is trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance contains 11 genera and 220 species (Farjon 1998). According to the characters of cone and seed, Pinaceae are divided into four subfamilies; Pinoideae, Piceoideae, Laricoideae and Abietoideae (Frankis 1989 and Farjon 1990). Among Coniferous the pines constitute by far the most important group regarding either from the point of view of number of species or that of economic value (Bean 1922). The true pines are evergreen resin- yielding trees belonging to the tribe Abietineae. Pines widely distributed in the northern hemisphere from the limit of tree growth on the plains of North America to the subtropical region of North Africa. Many pines yield timber of economic importance which is used for innumerable purposes. Several species yield an oleo- resin which by distillation produce turpentine and resin (Dallimore and Jackson1931). Pinus L. is the largest genus of gymnosperms including more than 110 species (Little & Critchfield, 1969; Farjon & Styles, 1997; Debreczy & Rácz, 2011). Pinus L. is composed of two subgenera, Strobus (D.Don) Lemmon and Pinus (Little & Critchfield, 1969; Gernandt et al., 2005), both of which have limited distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, except for one species of subgenus Pinus (Little & Critchfield, 1969; Farjon & Styles, 1997; Price et al., 1998; Debreczy & Rácz, 2011). Pinus L. appeared no later than the early Cretaceous, as indicated by the occurrences of P. belgica (Alvin 1960) and P. yorkshirensis (Ryberg et al., 2012) in deposits of this period. Fossil ovulate cones of Pinus are found abundantly in deposits younger than the early Cretaceous (Miki 1957, A xelrod 1986, Mai 1986 and Yamada et al., 2014). There have been many attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of Pinaceae, including fossil Pinus spp., defined by their ovulate cone features (Smith & Stockey 2002,Gernandt et al., 2011, Ryberg et al., 2012 and Smith et al., 2017). Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis (Gernandt et al., 2005). Subgenus Strobus is subdivided into three sections Parrya Mayr, Quinquefoliae Duhamel and Trifoliae Duhamel. Section Mayr is composed of subsections Nelsoniae van den Burgh, Balfourianae Engelm. and Cembroides Engelm. Section Quinquefoliae Duhamel is composed of subsections Gerardianae Loud., Krempfianae Little & Critchfield and Strobus Loud. Subgenus Pinus is subdivided into section Pinus which is composed of subsections Pinaster Loud. and Pinus. Section Trifoliae Duhamel is composed of subsections Australes Loud., Ponderosae Loud. and Contortae Little & Critchfield. Corresponding Author: Fatema S. Mohamed, Flora and Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, Horticulture Research Institute, ARC., Giza, Egypt. E-mail: 1688 Middle East J. Agric. Res., 7(4): 1688-1701, 2018 ISSN: 2077-4605 The aim of this study was to carry out a taxonomic revision of genus Pinus L. in Egypt and construct a more recent identification key for the studied taxa. Materials and Methods The present study includes eight taxa of Pinus L. collected fresh from three gardens in Egypt as shown in (Table 1). The taxa were identified by means of comparison with authentic specimens kept in the herbarium of the Flora and Phytotaxonomy Research Department (CAIM) In addition to botanical keys of Bailey (1949), Zohary (1966), Davis (1975), Humphries (1981) and Thompson (1992). Table 1: The occurrence of studied taxa in the major gardens of Giza. Taxa El-Orman Garden Museum Garden Zoo Garden P. brutia Ten. + - - P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba. + - - P. canariensis C. Smith + + + P. densiflora Sieb. & Zuce. - - - P. halepensis Miller + + - P. pinea L. + + + P. roxburghii Sarg. + + - P. sylvestris L. - + - + = Present, - = Absent The herbarium specimens were examined, photographed and kept in the herbarium of the Flora and Phytotaxonomy Research Department (CAIM). The morphological characters of collected specimens of studied taxa were studied. The relationship between the studied taxa has been analyzed using Average Linkage (Between Groups) of SPSS programme. Results I- Systematic position of Pinus L. in the system of A. Engler according to Melchior and Werdermann (1954). Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Division: Gymnospermae Class: Coniferopsida Order: Coniferae Family: Pinaceae SubFamily: Pinoideae Genus: Pinus L. II- Systematic position of studied taxa in Pinus L. according to Farjon (1998). The studied taxa are belonging to two subsections as shown in Table (2). Table 2: Infrageneric classification of studied taxa in Pinus L. according to Farjon (1998). Subgenus Section Subsection Species Pinus P. sylvestris and P. densiflora Pinus Pinus Pinaster Mayr ex P. brutia, P. halepensis, P. canariensis, P. pinea and P. Koehne roxburghii 1689 Middle East J. Agric. Res., 7(4): 1688-1701, 2018 ISSN: 2077-4605 III- Description of the genus Pinus L. Sp. Pl 2:1000 (1753); Gen Pl. ed. 5. (1753); Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 434, (1754). Bailey 1949, p. 92; Zohary 1966, p. 54; Davis 1975, p. 71; Humphries 1981, p.74 ; Thompson 1992, p. 54.. Ever green tree. Winter buds covered with imbricate scales. Leaves of two kinds, the primary fascicles of 2- 5 surrounded at base by sheaths of bud scales. Staminate flowers axillary, clustered at base of young shoots, catkin- like yellow enlarged and scale- like at apex. Pistillate flower lateral or subterminal, greenish or purplish of numerous spirally arranged scales in the axils of small bracts, each bearing 2 ovules inside. Cones sub globose to cylindrical with woody imprecated persistent scales. The exposed part of scales called apophysis. The Plant List compiled by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts 126 species names of pines as current, together with 35 unresolved species and many more synonyms. IV- Key to the studied Pinus species: A- Leaves in fascicles of 3. B- Leaves 20- 30 cm long, seed 2 mm long, wing 15 x 4- 5 mm .2 P. canariensis BB- Leaves more than 30 cm long, seed 7- 8 mm long, 17-18 x 7-8 mm…… …….…………………………………………………………6.P. roxburghii AA- Leaves in fascicles of 2. C- Seed 2 cm, wing 4- 6 mm long…………………….………………………5 P. pinea CC- Seed shorter than 2 cm, wing longer than 6 mm D- Cones 3- 5 cm long, seed 3- 5 mm long. E- Leaves 2.5- 5 cm long……………………….………..7 P. sylvestris EE- Leaves 8- 12 cm long………….………………… 3 P. densiflora DD- Cones 6- 12 cm long, seed 7- 8 mm long. F- Branches twisted, bark smooth, silvery gray, leaves 6-12cm long……………………………………...…………...4 P. halepensis FF- Branch straight, bark deeply fissured, orange- red, leaves 10-16cm long……………………………………………….………1 P. brutia V- Description of the studied taxa: 1- P. brutia Ten., Prodr. Fl. Nap., 1:57 (1811);. Davis 1975, p. 74; Humphries 1981, p.84. Syn: P. pityusa Stev., In Bull. Soc. Nat. Masc. 1:49 (1838). Common name: Calabrian Pine or Turkish pine. Tree with straight trunk and branches up to 25 m. high. Comus diffuse. Bark orange-red. Twigs glabrous, usually reddish in the first year becoming grayish brown. Buds non- resinous, the scales recurved and fimbriate. Leaves 10- 16 cm long and 1- 1.5 mm wide, light green. Cones erect or ascending, 6–11 cm x 4–5 cm, oblong- conical, usually more than 2 borne together, scales with depression containing the umbo- peduncles very short whorled ascending oblong- conical. Seed 7–8 mm long, with a 15–20 mm wing mainly wind-dispersed. Distribution: Native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, but it also extends to southeastern-most Bulgaria, the East Aegean Islands of Aegean Sea, Crete, the Crimea, Iran, Georgia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, western Syria, north-west Jordan, Lebanon, and Cyprus. Introduced from Syria to Egypt and cultivated in El- Orman garden. Specimens examined: El- Orman Garden, 29-12- 2016, Fatema Sami 301(CAIM). 1690 Middle East J. Agric. Res., 7(4): 1688-1701, 2018 ISSN: 2077-4605 P. brutia Ten. var. eldarica (Medw.) Silba., Phytologia 58: 267 (1985). .- Syn: P. eldarica Medw., Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 6 (2): 21 (1903). The leaves slender, mostly 20-29 cm long, bright green to slightly yellowish green. The cones are stout, pendulous, heavy and hard. Distribution: Native to southern Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Endemic to Azerbaijan, the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, occurring in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Introduced from Syria to Egypt and cultivated in El- Orman garden. Specimens examined: El- Orman Garden, 29-12- 2016, Fatema Sami 302 (CAIM). 2- P. canariensis C. Smith, Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. 159 (1828). Bailey 1949, p. 93; Humphries 1981, p.84. Common name: Canary Pine. Tree up to 80 feet. The trunk and branches with scattered short leafy branchlets. Bark reddish slightly fissured. Winter buds with reflexed white fringed scales.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Common Name Scientific Name Comments Evergreen Trees
    Common Name Scientific Name Height* Spread Native Fall Color Ornamental Bark Flowering Wind Tolerant Tolerant Salt Well Drained Soil Moist Soil Full Sun Partial Sun Shade Comments Evergreen Trees Austrian Pine Pinus nigra 60' 30' x x x Vigerous, dark green needles (Behind Brenner's Castle Hill parking lot) Blue Spruce Picea pungens 60 30 x x Slow growing, bluish tint to needles English Laurel Prunus laurocerasus 10' 15' x x x x x x Good hedge.Dark green waxy leaves. (Corner Observatory & Seward St) Holly Ilex species 10' 10' x x Beautiful foliage and berries. Need male & female (City Hall west side) Lodgepole Pine (Bull Pine) Pinus contorta 35' 35' x x x x x x Fast growing, good for containers, screening (Crescent Park by picnic shelters) Mountain Hemlock Tsuga mertensiana 30' 15' x x x x x x x x Good for slopes, rock gardens, containers. Slow growing. (Wells Fargo parking lot) Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis 100' 50' x x x x x Prone to aphids. Prolific, native of SE Alaska Western Hemlock Tsuga heterophylla 100 50 x x x x x x Fast growing. Can be pruned into a hedge (SJ Campus -Jeff Davis St.) Western Red Cedar Thuja plicata 80' 40' x x Beautiful foliage. Interesting bark. Subalpine Fir Abies lasiocarpa 100' 20' x Beautiful conical form. (Two across from Market Center parking lot.) Noble Fir Abies procera 100' 30' x Dark green, fast growing, beautiful large specimens at 1111 HPR Siberian Spruce Picea Omorika 20' 4' x x x Blue-green foliage. 'Bruns' at Moller Field, 'Weeping Brun's' at BIHA office Japanese White Pine Pinus parviflora 6' 3' x x Negishi' at Moller Field with blue-green foliage Korean Fir Abies koreana 15' 10' x x Horstmann's silberlocke' at Moller Field; silver foliage Western White Pine Pinus monticola 60' 20' x x x Fast growing, conical form (Fine Arts Camp Rasmusen Center, Lake St.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Deciduous Forest
    Eastern Deciduous Forest Physical description Most of the terrain is rolling except for the Ozark Mountains, which can be steep. The average annual precipitation ranges from approximately 35 inches to 90 inches and is usually well-distributed throughout the year. Summers are hot; winters are cold. Dominant vegetation Deciduous trees dominate the landscape across the Eastern Deciduous Forest ecoregion where there is a lack of disturbance. Depending on location, trees such as oaks, hickories, maples, American beech, basswood, buckeye, yellow poplar, walnut, and birches are common in the overstory and can be indicators of a climax successional stage. Prevalent midstory trees include flowering dogwood, sassafras, sourwood, eastern redbud, hophornbeam, American hornbeam, and striped maple. Common shrubs include arrowwood, black huckleberry, blueberries, hawthorn, pawpaw, spicebush, viburnums, and witchhazel. A wide variety of forbs and ferns may be found in the understory. Common evergreen trees on many sites undergoing succession include eastern redcedar and shortleaf pine. Figure 2. Deciduous forest cover occurs over the Eastern Deciduous Forest ecoregion, except where areas have been cleared for agriculture and livestock. Changes in the composition, structure and function of the Eastern Deciduous Forest have already occurred during the past 100 years with the loss of American chestnut and the near total exclusion of fire. Prior to fire suppression, savannas and woodlands dominated by oak and shortleaf pine were prevalent over much of this ecoregion. Well-interspersed with forested areas in the Eastern Deciduous Forest ecoregion are agricultural fields, pastures and hayfields, and fields undergoing succession. Virtually all of these “old- fields” have been cropped in the past, and the vast majority has since been planted to nonnative grasses, especially tall fescue.
    [Show full text]
  • Eyre Peninsula Aleppo Pine Management Plan
    Eyre Peninsula NRM Board PEST SPECIES REGIONAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine This plan has a five year life period and will be reviewed in 2023. It is most abundant on southern Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula INTRODUCTION and Mid-North, and less frequent in upper Eyre Peninsula and the Murray Mallee. Aleppo pines appear absent from the Synonyms pastoral zone. Pinus halepensis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n.8. (1768) Infestations occur in Waitpinga Conservation Park, Innes Pinus abasica Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif. 352 (1855) National Park, Hindmarsh Island and many small parks in the Pinus arabica Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 886 (1826) Adelaide Hills. Large infestations of Aleppo pines occur on lower Pinus carica D.Don, Discov. Lycia 294 (1841) Eyre Peninsula along the Flinders Highway and many roadside Pinus genuensis J.Cook, Sketch. Spain 2:236 (1834) reserves, Uley Wanilla, Uley South and Lincoln Basin (SA Water Pinus hispanica J.Cook, Sketch. Spain 2:337 (1834) Corporation). Pinus loiseleuriana Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif. 382 (1855) Pinus maritima Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. n.7. (1768) Pinus parolinii Vis., Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 243 (1856) Pinus penicillus Lapeyr., Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 63 (1813) Pinus pseudohalepensis Denhardt ex Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif. 400 (1855). [8] Aleppo pine, Jerusalem pine, halepensis pine, pine [8]. Biology The Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) is a medium sized 25 - 30 metre tall, coniferous tree species. The needle like leaves are 6- 10 cm long, bright green and arranged in pairs. Conifers typically produce male and female cones that are retained in the trees canopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Factors Affecting Artificial Seed Sowing Success And
    Article Investigation of the Factors Affecting Artificial Seed Sowing Success and Seedling Survival in Pinus brutia Natural Stands in Middle Elevations of Central Cyprus Petros Petrou 1 and Elias Milios 2,* 1 Department of Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Nicosia 1414, Cyprus; [email protected] 2 Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Pantazidou 193, 682 00 Orestiada, Greece * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020 Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the germination of Pinus brutia Ten. seeds, in the field, in relation to factors such as period of sowing, light environment, and watering, in sites of different productivity in the middle elevations in central Cyprus. Two sowing experiments were conducted in three sites of different productivity. In the first experiment P. brutia seed sowing took place in February 2009 in two sowing environments which were gap and under canopy environments. The shade conditions in those environments were determined using hemispherical photographs. Also, the influence of watering on the seed germination was checked. In the second experiment, which was established in the same areas as in the first experiment, the seed sowing took place in December 2009. However, in this case, no watering was applied during the germination period. Moreover, the survival of the seedlings from both sowing periods were monitored up to the end of 2010. During the period of monitoring, the influence of watering was checked. The germination rates of seeds from the February sowing were very low.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Source Variation in Cone, Seed and Seedling Characteristic Across the Natural Distribution of Himalayan Low Level Pine Pinus Roxburghii Sarg
    Mukherjee Roy et al.·Silvae Genetica (2004) 53-3, 116-123 LUGER, G. F., STUBBLEFIELD, W. A. (1998): Artificial Intelligence. RITLAND, K. (1986): Joint maximum likelihood estimation of Addison Wesley, USA. genetic and mating structure using open-pollinated proge- PAPAGEORGIOU, A. C. (1995): Genetische Untersuchungen zur nies. Biometrics 42, 25–43. Züchtung und Generhaltung der Mittelmeerzypresse TURBAN, E., ARONSON J. (1998): Decision Support Systems and (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Griechenland. Göttingen Intelligent Systems. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Research Notes in Forest Genetics 18, Georg-August Univer- VERGA, A. R. (1995): Genetische Untersuchungen an Prosopis sität Göttingen, Germany. chilensis und P. flexuosa im trockenen Chaco Argentiniens. PRATA, S. (1998): C++ Primer Plus, 3rd edition. Sams Publishing, Göttingen Research Notes in Forest Genetics 19, Georg- Indiana, U.S.A. August Universität Göttingen, Germany. Seed Source Variation in Cone, Seed and Seedling Characteristic Across the Natural Distribution of Himalayan Low Level Pine Pinus roxburghii Sarg. By S. MUKHERJEE ROY*, R. C. THAPLIYAL and S. S. PHARTYAL (Received 5th July 2004) Abstract percentage of heritability coupled with same intensity of gain, The wide range of climatic condition in the natural distribu- was observed for many of the traits studied under laboratory tion of chir pine is expected to result in high genetic variation conditions and at nursery stage e.g. for germination percent- within different populations of the species. The present study age, MGT, GV. This signifies that these traits are under strong on the provenance variation of chir pine aims to determine the genetic control and good amount of heritable additive genetic nature and extent of variation in wide range of populations component can be exploited for further selection and improve- with respect to 23 morphological traits of cone, seed and ment of this species.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Report No. P-2147-PAK(s) Pakistan: Hazara Forestry Pre-lnvestment Project Technical Annexes FILE COPY October 1977 South Asia Projects Department Public Disclosure Authorized Agriculture Division B FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. PAKISTAN HAZARA FORESTRY PRE-INVESTMENT PROJECT Currency Equivalent US$ = PRs 9.8 PRs 1 US$ 0.10 PRs I million (m) US$302,000 Weights and Measures I acre (ac) 0.405 hectare (ha) I kana] 0.125 acre I mile (mi) 1.609 kilometers (km) 1 foot (ft) 0.3048 meters I inch (in) 2.540 centimeters 1 cubic foot (ft ) 0.0283 cubicmeter (m3) 1 pound (Ib) =0.454 kilograms (kg) 3 liter (]) 0.264 US gallons I maund 82.3 lbs = 37.4 kg Abbreviations ACF - Assistant Conservator of Forests DBH - Tree diameter at breast heilght (4 ft. 3 in.) DFO - Divisional Forest Officer FD - Forest Department of NWFP GOAK - Government of Azad Kashmir GONWFP - Government of North West Frontier Province GOP - Government of Pakistan MAI - Mean annual volume increment of growing trees NWFP - North West Frontier Province PFI - Pakistan Forest Institute Glossary Pulp - Wood pulp produced by mechanical or chemical means. Pulpwood - Wood used in pulp manufacture; usually small dimension roundwood and wood waste from other forms of wood processing. Roundwood - Unprocessed logs in round form. Fiscal Year - GOP and GONWFP July 1 to June 30 FMR 01FfCIAL USE ONLY PAKISTAN: Supplement to Hazara Forestry Pre-Investment Project Technical Annexes containing Working Papers for project imp] ementation October, 1977 South Asia Projects Department Agricul ture Division B The data and other materia7 contained in the technical arnexes have been compiled to give direction to project activities and provide a basis for developing detailed work programs for the various sub-components.
    [Show full text]
  • Pine As Fast Food: Foraging Ecology of an Endangered Cockatoo in a Forestry Landscape
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Online @ ECU Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications 2013 2013 Pine as Fast Food: Foraging Ecology of an Endangered Cockatoo in a Forestry Landscape William Stock Edith Cowan University, [email protected] Hugh Finn Jackson Parker Ken Dods Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2013 Part of the Forest Biology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons 10.1371/journal.pone.0061145 Stock, W.D., Finn, H. , Parker, J., & Dods, K. (2013). Pine as fast food: foraging ecology of an endangered cockatoo in a forestry landscape. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e61145. Availablehere This Journal Article is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/ecuworks2013/1 Pine as Fast Food: Foraging Ecology of an Endangered Cockatoo in a Forestry Landscape William D. Stock1*, Hugh Finn2, Jackson Parker3, Ken Dods4 1 Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia, 2 School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 3 Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 4 ChemCentre, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia Abstract Pine plantations near Perth, Western Australia have provided an important food source for endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) since the 1940s. Plans to harvest these plantations without re-planting will remove this food source by 2031 or earlier. To assess the impact of pine removal, we studied the ecological association between Carnaby’s Cockatoos and pine using behavioural, nutritional, and phenological data.
    [Show full text]
  • Qrno. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 CP 2903 77 100 0 Cfcl3
    QRNo. General description of Type of Tariff line code(s) affected, based on Detailed Product Description WTO Justification (e.g. National legal basis and entry into Administration, modification of previously the restriction restriction HS(2012) Article XX(g) of the GATT, etc.) force (i.e. Law, regulation or notified measures, and other comments (Symbol in and Grounds for Restriction, administrative decision) Annex 2 of e.g., Other International the Decision) Commitments (e.g. Montreal Protocol, CITES, etc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 1 Prohibition to CP 2903 77 100 0 CFCl3 (CFC-11) Trichlorofluoromethane Article XX(h) GATT Board of Eurasian Economic Import/export of these ozone destroying import/export ozone CP-X Commission substances from/to the customs territory of the destroying substances 2903 77 200 0 CF2Cl2 (CFC-12) Dichlorodifluoromethane Article 46 of the EAEU Treaty DECISION on August 16, 2012 N Eurasian Economic Union is permitted only in (excluding goods in dated 29 may 2014 and paragraphs 134 the following cases: transit) (all EAEU 2903 77 300 0 C2F3Cl3 (CFC-113) 1,1,2- 4 and 37 of the Protocol on non- On legal acts in the field of non- _to be used solely as a raw material for the countries) Trichlorotrifluoroethane tariff regulation measures against tariff regulation (as last amended at 2 production of other chemicals; third countries Annex No. 7 to the June 2016) EAEU of 29 May 2014 Annex 1 to the Decision N 134 dated 16 August 2012 Unit list of goods subject to prohibitions or restrictions on import or export by countries- members of the
    [Show full text]
  • EVERGREEN TREES for NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson
    THE NEBRASKA STATEWIDE ARBORETUM PRESENTS EVERGREEN TREES FOR NEBRASKA Justin Evertson & Bob Henrickson. For more plant information, visit plantnebraska.org or retreenbraska.unl.edu Throughout much of the Great Plains, just a handful of species make up the majority of evergreens being planted. This makes them extremely vulnerable to challenges brought on by insects, extremes of weather, and diseases. Utilizing a variety of evergreen species results in a more diverse and resilient landscape that is more likely to survive whatever challenges come along. Geographic Adaptability: An E indicates plants suitable primarily to the Eastern half of the state while a W indicates plants that prefer the more arid environment of western Nebraska. All others are considered to be adaptable to most of Nebraska. Size Range: Expected average mature height x spread for Nebraska. Common & Proven Evergreen Trees 1. Arborvitae, Eastern ‐ Thuja occidentalis (E; narrow habit; vertically layered foliage; can be prone to ice storm damage; 20‐25’x 5‐15’; cultivars include ‘Techny’ and ‘Hetz Wintergreen’) 2. Arborvitae, Western ‐ Thuja plicata (E; similar to eastern Arborvitae but not as hardy; 25‐40’x 10‐20; ‘Green Giant’ is a common, fast growing hybrid growing to 60’ tall) 3. Douglasfir (Rocky Mountain) ‐ Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (soft blue‐green needles; cones have distinctive turkey‐foot bract; graceful habit; avoid open sites; 50’x 30’) 4. Fir, Balsam ‐ Abies balsamea (E; narrow habit; balsam fragrance; avoid open, windswept sites; 45’x 20’) 5. Fir, Canaan ‐ Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis (E; similar to balsam fir; common Christmas tree; becoming popular as a landscape tree; very graceful; 45’x 20’) 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Pines in the Arboretum
    UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MtJ ARBORETUM REVIEW No. 32-198 PETER C. MOE Pines in the Arboretum Pines are probably the best known of the conifers native to The genus Pinus is divided into hard and soft pines based on the northern hemisphere. They occur naturally from the up­ the hardness of wood, fundamental leaf anatomy, and other lands in the tropics to the limits of tree growth near the Arctic characteristics. The soft or white pines usually have needles in Circle and are widely grown throughout the world for timber clusters of five with one vascular bundle visible in cross sec­ and as ornamentals. In Minnesota we are limited by our cli­ tions. Most hard pines have needles in clusters of two or three mate to the more cold hardy species. This review will be with two vascular bundles visible in cross sections. For the limited to these hardy species, their cultivars, and a few hy­ discussion here, however, this natural division will be ignored brids that are being evaluated at the Arboretum. and an alphabetical listing of species will be used. Where neces­ Pines are readily distinguished from other common conifers sary for clarity, reference will be made to the proper groups by their needle-like leaves borne in clusters of two to five, of particular species. spirally arranged on the stem. Spruce (Picea) and fir (Abies), Of the more than 90 species of pine, the following 31 are or for example, bear single leaves spirally arranged. Larch (Larix) have been grown at the Arboretum. It should be noted that and true cedar (Cedrus) bear their leaves in a dense cluster of many of the following comments and recommendations are indefinite number, whereas juniper (Juniperus) and arborvitae based primarily on observations made at the University of (Thuja) and their related genera usually bear scalelikie or nee­ Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, and plant performance dlelike leaves that are opposite or borne in groups of three.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance to Low and Negative Temperatures of Rhododendrons (Rhododendron) in the Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University in 2
    Available online at www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic ISSN 1842-4309 Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj 36 (1) 2008, 59-62 Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca Resistance to Low and Negative Temperatures of Rhododendrons (Rhododendron) in the Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University in 2002-2007 Aurelija MALCIŪTĖ1) , Jonas Remigijus NAUJALIS2) , Antanas SVIRSKIS3) 1) Šiauliai University, Botanical Garden, Paitaičių Str. 4, LT-76284, Šiauliai, Lithuania, e-mail: [email protected] 2) Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany and Genetics, M. K.Čiurlionio Str. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius, e-mail: [email protected] 3) Šiauliai University, Instituto 1, 58344 Akademija, Kėdainių distr., Lithuania, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Rhododendrons are not native to Lithuania, but are often cultivated in botanical gardens, various public and private green plantations. Resistance to low temperatures are among the most important criteria in evaluating the condition of the rhododendron collection in the Botanical Garden of ŠU. The research initiated in the ŠU Botanical Garden will help in the selection and propagation of ornamental and tolerant to low temperatures representatives of species and cultivars, suitable for cultivation in northern Lithuania. Keywords: rhododendron, low temperature, ŠU Botanical Garden Introduction research on the plants of the Rhododendron genus in the region of Žemaitija uplands has been performed yet. Introduction of plants is one of the most important tasks of Botanical Garden of Šiauliai University (further Materials and methods referred as ŠU) which constantly expands the assortment of woody plants and that is the reason for the beginning Resistance to low temperatures are among the most of introduction of the Rhododendrons (Rhododendron L.) important criterion evaluated condition of rhododendrons genus plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Objective Forest Management of Eastern Mediterranean Pinus Brutia
    Dissertationes Forestales 170 Growth and yield modelling for optimal multi- objective forest management of eastern Mediterranean Pinus brutia Sergio de Miguel Magaña School of Forest Sciences Faculty of Science and Forestry University of Eastern Finland Academic dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Science and Forestry of the University of Eastern Finland, for public criticism in auditorium M102 of the University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Joensuu on 21st February 2014 at 12 o’clock noon. 2 Title of dissertation: Growth and yield modelling for optimal multi-objective forest management of eastern Mediterranean Pinus brutia. Author: Sergio de Miguel Magaña Dissertationes Forestales 170 http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/df.170 Thesis supervisor: Prof. Timo Pukkala School of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland Pre-examiners: Prof. Harold Burkhart Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, United States Dr. Jari Miina Finnish Forest Research Institute, Eastern Finland Regional Unit, Joensuu, Finland Opponent: Prof. Jerome K. Vanclay Forest Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia ISSN 1795-7389 (online) ISBN 978-951-651-430-0 (pdf) ISSN 2323-9220 (print) ISBN 978-951-651-429-4 (paperback) 2014 Publishers: Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki School of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland Editorial Office: The Finnish Society of Forest Science P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland http://www.metla.fi/dissertationes 3 de Miguel Magaña, S.
    [Show full text]