The Wagon Box Fight Revisited by Lee Noyes
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Plains Indians
Your Name Keyboarding II xx Period Mr. Behling Current Date Plains Indians The American Plains Indians are among the best known of all Native Americans. These Indians played a significant role in shaping the history of the West. Some of the more noteworthy Plains Indians were Big Foot, Black Kettle, Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, Sitting Bull, and Spotted Tail. Big Foot Big Foot (?1825-1890) was also known as Spotted Elk. Born in the northern Great Plains, he eventually became a Minneconjou Teton Sioux chief. He was part of a tribal delegation that traveled to Washington, D. C., and worked to establish schools throughout the Sioux Territory. He was one of those massacred at Wounded Knee in December 1890 (Bowman, 1995, 63). Black Kettle Black Kettle (?1803-1868) was born near the Black Hills in present-day South Dakota. He was recognized as a Southern Cheyenne peace chief for his efforts to bring peace to the region. However, his attempts at accommodation were not successful, and his band was massacred at Sand Creek in 1864. Even though he continued to seek peace, he was killed with the remainder of his tribe in the Washita Valley of Oklahoma in 1868 (Bowman, 1995, 67). Crazy Horse Crazy Horse (?1842-1877) was also born near the Black Hills. His father was a medicine man; his mother was the sister of Spotted Tail. He was recognized as a skilled hunter and fighter. Crazy Horse believed he was immune from battle injury and took part in all the major Sioux battles to protect the Black Hills against white intrusion. -
Wyoming SCORP Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan 2014 - 2019 Wyoming Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) 2014-2019
Wyoming SCORP Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan 2014 - 2019 Wyoming Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) 2014-2019 The 2014-2019 Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan was prepared by the Planning and Grants Section within Wyoming’s Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources, Division of State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails. Updates to the trails chapter were completed by the Trails Section within the Division of State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails. The Wyoming Game and Fish Department provided the wetlands chapter. The preparation of this plan was financed through a planning grant from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, under the provision of the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (Public Law 88-578, as amended). For additional information contact: Wyoming Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources Division of State Parks, Historic Sites and Trails 2301 Central Avenue, Barrett Building Cheyenne, WY 82002 (307) 777-6323 Wyoming SCORP document available online at www.wyoparks.state.wy.us. Table of Contents Chapter 1 • Introduction ................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 2 • Description of State ............................................................................. 11 Chapter 3 • Recreation Facilities and Needs .................................................... 29 Chapter 4 • Trails ............................................................................................................ -
Campbell County History
Campbell County History Early Expeditions: Information about the first European explorers and trappers to enter the Powder River Basin is very limited and confirmation on exact routes and locations will never be known. Some of the earliest expeditions believed to have been in the region include the Francois and Louis-Joseph Verendrye in 1743, Charles LaRaye in 1802, and Francois Antoine Laroque in 1805. Wyoming historian T. A. Larson believes the first American trapper in Northeast Wyoming was John Colter during the winter of 1807-1808. He returned three years later with Alexander Henry and approximately thirty other trappers. Ezekiel Williams and Jean Baptiste Champlain and a party of twenty-one trappers worked the Belle Fourche River in 1911. That same year saw Wilson Price Hunt and an expedition of men sent out by John Jacob Astor crossed the basin. The overland Astorians, as they became known, were headed for the Columbia River drainage and envisioned a series of fur trading posts stretching from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean. The Powder River Basin was not prime trapping country, but was often traversed in order to get to the better streams to the west and also was used as a winter camp location by trappers. Robert Campbell and a party of Rocky Mountain Fur Company men spent the winter on Powder River in 1828. Father DeSmet, a Jesuit priest, traveled through the basin in 1851 and made reference to the “Gourd Buttes,” which are now known as the Pumpkin Buttes in Campbell County. A wealthy Irishman by the name of Sir George Gore and a large party of men and wagons entered the basin in 1855 on an extravagant hunting and fishing expedition. -
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL COPYRIGHTED I
Avalanche Campground (MT), 66 Big Horn Equestrian Center (WY), Index Avenue of the Sculptures (Billings, 368 MT), 236 Bighorn Mountain Loop (WY), 345 Bighorn Mountains Trail System INDEX A (WY), 368–369 AARP, 421 B Bighorn National Forest (WY), 367 Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness Backcountry camping, Glacier Big Red (Clearmont, WY), 370 (MT), 225–227 National Park (MT), 68 Big Red Gallery (Clearmont, WY), Academic trips, 44–45 Backcountry permits 370 Accommodations, 413–414 Glacier National Park (MT), Big Salmon Lake (MT), 113 best, 8–10 54–56 Big Sheep Creek Canyon (MT), 160 for families with children, 416 Grand Teton (WY), 325 Big Sky (MT), 8, 215–220 Active vacations, 43–52 Yellowstone National Park Big Sky Brewing Company AdventureBus, 45, 269 (MT—WY), 264 (Missoula, MT), 93 Adventure Sports (WY), 309, 334 Backcountry Reservations, 56 Big Sky Candy (Hamilton, MT), 96 Adventure trips, 45–46 Backcountry skiing, 48 Big Sky Golf Course (MT), 217 AdventureWomen, 201–202 Backroads, 45, 46 Big Sky Resort (MT), 216–217 Aerial Fire Depot and Baggs (WY), 390 Big Sky Waterpark (MT), 131 Smokejumper Center (Missoula, Ballooning, Teton Valley (WY), Big Spring (MT), 188 MT), 86–87 306 Big Spring Creek (MT), 187 Air tours Bannack (MT), 167, 171–172 Big Timber Canyon Trail (MT), 222 Glacier National Park (MT), 59 Bannack Days (MT), 172 Biking and mountain biking, 48 the Tetons (WY), 306 Barry’s Landing (WY), 243 Montana Air travel, 409, 410 Bay Books & Prints (Bigfork, MT), Big Sky, 216 Albright Visitor Center 105 Bozeman, 202 (Yellowstone), 263, 275 -
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (Now Little Bighorn Battlefield)
CUSTER BATTLEFIELD National Monument Montana (now Little Bighorn Battlefield) by Robert M. Utley National Park Service Historical Handbook Series No. 1 Washington, D.C. 1969 Contents a. A CUSTER PROFILE b. CUSTER'S LAST STAND 1. Campaign of 1876 2. Indian Movements 3. Plan of Action 4. March to the Little Bighorn 5. Reno Attacks 6. The Annihilation of Custer 7. Reno Besieged 8. Rescue 9. Collapse of the Sioux 10. Custer Battlefield Today 11. Campaign Maps c. APPENDIXES I. Officers of the 7th Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Bighorn II. Low Dog's Account of the Battle III. Gall's Account of the Battle IV. A Participant's Account of Major Reno's Battle d. CUSTER'S LAST CAMPAIGN: A PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY e. THE ART AND THE ARTIST f. ADMINISTRATION For additional information, visit the Web site for Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument or view their Official National Park Handbook (#132): Historical Handbook Number One 1969 The publication of this handbook was made possible by a grant from the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association, Inc. This publication is one of a series of handbooks describing the historical and archeological areas in the National Park System administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Price lists of Park Service publications sold by the Government Printing Office may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. The National Park System, of which Custer Battlefield National Monument is a unit, is dedicated to conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. -
1868 Chief Red Cloud and General William Tecumseh Sherman Sign the Fort Laramie Treaty, Which Brings an End to War Along the Bozeman Trail
1868 Chief Red Cloud and General William Tecumseh Sherman sign the Fort Laramie Treaty, which brings an end to war along the Bozeman Trail. Under terms of the treaty, the United States agrees to abandon its forts along the Bozeman Trail and grant enormous parts of the Wyoming, Montana and Dakota Territories, including the Black Hills area, to the Lakota people as their exclusive territory. 1868 General Philip Sheridan sends Colonel George Armstrong Custer against the Cheyenne, with a plan to attack them during the winter when they are most vulnerable. Custer's troops locate a Cheyenne village on the Washita River in present-day Oklahoma. By a cruel coincidence, the village is home to Black Kettle and his people, the victims of the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864. Custer's cavalry attacks at dawn, killing more than 100 men, women and children, including Black Kettle. 1875 THE LAKOTA WAR A Senate commission meeting with Red Cloud and other Lakota chiefs to negotiate legal access for the miners rushing to the Black Hills offers to buy the region for $6 million. But the Lakota refuse to alter the terms of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, and declare they will protect their lands from intruders if the government won't. 1876 Federal authorities order the Lakota chiefs to report to their reservations by January 31. Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and others defiant of the American government refuse.General Philip Sheridan orders General George Crook, General Alfred Terry and Colonel John Gibbon to drive Sitting Bull and the other chiefs onto the reservation through a combined assault. -
2.6 Land Use and Recreation 2.6.1 Key Issues the Key Land Use and Recreation Issues Include
AECOM 2.6-1 2.6 Land Use and Recreation 2.6.1 Key Issues The key land use and recreation issues include: • Compatibility of potential development activities with surrounding land uses; • Potential for development activities to disrupt access to public lands; • Potential adverse effects of development activities on recreation activities in the study region; and • Potential for adverse effects on wilderness, potential wilderness, or wild and scenic river areas from development activities. 2.6.2 Study Area The study area for land use and recreation includes all or portions of Sheridan, Johnson, Campbell, and Converse counties (see Figure 1-1). It includes most of the area administered by the BLM Buffalo Field Office, a portion of the area administered by the BLM Casper Field Office, and a portion of the TBNG, which is administered by the FS (see Figure 1-2). State and private lands also are included in the study area (see Figure 1-3). A somewhat larger perimeter around this primary study area was considered for wilderness issues because of the greater sensitivity (both practical and statutory) that wilderness and potential wilderness areas embody. 2.6.3 Current Conditions 2.6.3.1 Land Use, Access, and Easements Surface Ownership The Wyoming PRB study area is a predominantly rural, wide open landscape. The four counties in the study area had a total population of 97,651 according to the 2010 census, including 46,133 in Campbell County, 13,833 in Converse County, 8,569 in Johnson County, and 29,116 in Sheridan County. Gillette is the largest city in the Wyoming PRB study area with 29,087 people. -
Red Cloud's Warriors
Maranatha Baptist Bible College Red Cloud’s War: The Northern Plains Rebellion (1866-1868) Submitted to: William Licht Native American History HUHI 335 February 26, 2011 By Jason Garrison 2 Deep in the Black Hills of Montana, the Lakota tribe made quite a statement against the United States Military. As one of the few seemingly successful Indian revolts, the Northern Plains Rebellion of 1866 established Red Cloud and the Lakota Sioux Indians as a legitimate force to be reckoned with in the west. After a series of grievances against him, the Lakota leader, Chief Red Cloud, commanded a force of warriors that not only fought, but also were victorious against the American military. Red Cloud, justified in his actions based on greedy decisions by the United States, led one of the greatest attacks on the Americans that had ever been devised by the Native Americans. The Lakota people had a rich heritage that was intimately tied to the Black Hills. Archeological evidence suggests that the Lakota were known for their expertise in hunting large game. With buffalo being the desired species, the Lakota were among the first to use the bow and arrow, making the spear technology of the time obsolete. In the 1700s, the Lakota tribe began to migrate with the buffalo west and settle the area now known as the Black Hills. After receiving firearms from the Europeans, they began to fiercely protect the territory by forcefully driving other Native American tribes away from the area. The foremost motivation for the Lakota to stay on the land was buffalo.1 The herds provided a constant source of food for the tribe, creating a strong tie between the herds of buffalo and the Lakota people. -
Old West / Wild West Part 3 (Edited from Wikipedia)
Old West / Wild West Part 3 (Edited from Wikipedia) THE OREGON TRAIL To get to the rich new lands of the West Coast, there were two options: some sailed around the southern tip of South America during a six-month voyage, but 400,000 others walked there on an overland route of more than 2,000 miles; their wagon trains usually left from Missouri. They moved in large groups under an experienced wagonmaster, bringing their clothing, farm supplies, weapons, and animals. These wagon trains followed major rivers, crossed prairies and mountains, and typically ended in Oregon and California. Pioneers generally attempted to complete the journey during a single warm season, usually over the course of six months. By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho. Trails were cleared further and further west, eventually reaching all the way to the Willamette Valley in Oregon. This network of wagon trails leading to the Pacific Northwest was later called the Oregon Trail. The eastern half of the route was also used by travelers on the California Trail (from 1843), Mormon Trail (from 1847), and Bozeman Trail (from 1863) before they turned off to their separate destinations. In the "Wagon Train of 1843", some 700 to 1,000 emigrants headed for Oregon; missionary Marcus Whitman led the wagons on the last leg. In 1846, the Barlow Road was completed around Mount Hood, providing a rough but passable wagon trail from the Missouri River to the Willamette Valley: about 2,000 miles. -
Fort Phil Kearny Was Established at Fights Took Place in the Area
LOCATION From I-90, take exit 44. WYOMING STATE PARKS, HISTORIC SITES & TRAILS SITE RULES • No overnight Camping available. Fort • Removal of artifacts or natural resources is prohibited. • Do not discharge firearms. • Please leash pets. Phil Kearny • Please don’t pick plants or flowers. • Please use available receptacles for litter. • Consult site staff for state parks regulations. Historic Site HISTORY: 1866‑1868 hunting grounds on the Northern Plains. Besides the Named for a popular Union general killed in the Fetterman and Wagon Box battles, many smaller Civil War, Fort Phil Kearny was established at fights took place in the area. the forks of Big and Little Piney Creeks by Col. By 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad had reached th Henry B. Carrington of the 18 U.S. Infantry in a point to the west where travelers could bypass July 1866. the Bozeman Trail forts’ expensive liabilities. In The mission of the fort and two other posts along the Treaty of 1868, the United States agreed to the Bozeman Trail, Forts Reno and C.F. Smith, was close the forts and the trail. Fort Phil Kearny was three-fold: to protect travelers on the Trail; to pre- abandoned by the Army in early August 1868, and vent intertribal warfare between Native Americans burned soon afterwards by the Cheyenne. in the area; and to draw attention of Indian forces In 1963, Fort Phil Kearny was designated a National opposed to Euro-American westward expansion Historic Landmark. Today, portions of the fort site BOZEMAN TRAIL DAYS away from the transcontinental railroad construc- and the Fetterman and Wagon Box battlefields are Friday, Saturday and Sunday annually, during Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site tion corridor to the south. -
American Indian Biographies Index
American Indian Biographies Index A ABC: Americans Before Columbus, 530 Ace Daklugie, 245 Actors; Banks, Dennis, 21-22; Beach, Adam, 24; Bedard, Irene, 27-28; Cody, Iron Eyes, 106; George, Dan, 179; Greene, Graham, 194-195; Means, Russell, 308-310; Rogers, Will, 425-430; Sampson, Will, 443; Silverheels, Jay, 461; Studi, Wes, 478 Adair, John L., 1 Adams, Abigail, 289 Adams, Hank, 530 Adams, Henry, 382 Adams, John Quincy, 411 Adario, 1-2 Adate, 149 Adobe Walls, Battles of, 231, 365, 480 Agona, 150 AIF. See American Indian Freedom Act AIM. See American Indian Movement AIO. See Americans for Indian Opportunity AISES. See American Indian Science and Engineering Society Alaska Native Brotherhood, 374 Alaska Native Sisterhood, 374 Alaskan Anti-Discrimination Act, 374 Alcatraz Island occupation; and Bellecourt, Clyde, 29; and Mankiller, Wilma, 297; and Oakes, Richard, 342; and Trudell, John, 508 Alexie, Sherman, 2-5 Alford, Thomas Wildcat, 5 Allen, Alvaren, 466 Allen, Paula Gunn, 6-9 Alligator, 9-10, 246 Allotment, 202, 226 Amadas, Philip, 371 American Horse, 10-12, 26 American Indian Chicago Conference, 530 American Indian Freedom Act, 30 American Indian Historical Society, 116 American Indian Movement, 21, 129, 369; and Bellecourt, Clyde H., 29; and Bellecourt, Vernon, 32; creation of, 530; and Crow Dog, Leonard, 128; and Fools Crow, Frank, 169; and Means, Russell, 308; and Medicine, Bea, 311; and Oakes, Richard, 342-343; and Pictou Aquash, Anna Mae, 376 American Indian Science and Engineering Society, 391 American Revolution, 66; and Cayuga, 281; and Cherokee, 61, 346; and Creek, 288; and Delaware, 544; and Iroquois, 63, 66-67, 69, 112-113; and Lenni Lenape, 224; and Mahican, 341; and Miami, 277; and Mohawk, 68; and Mohegan, 345; and Ottawa, 387; and Senecas, 52; and Shawnee, 56, 85, 115, 497 Americans for Indian Opportunity, 207 ANB. -
Student Guide
COLORfUL PAST \iYOMIN6 Since the 16th Century, a number of governments have claimed parts of what is now the State of Wyoming. The following national flags have. flown STUDE~ GUIDE over the Wyoming Territory: France, ~ Great Britain, Mexico, Spain, Texas and the United States. Wyoming officially became the 44th U.S. state in 1890. 'The name Wyoming was adopted from two Algonquin Indian words meaning "at the big plains" or "large prairie place." Gold in California and the lure of rich land in Oregon brought increasing numbers of pioneer wagon trains rolling over the Oregon Trail through Wyoming. Soldiers came to protect the wagon trains from Indians, and they also established forts along the trails. The most important of the western military posts was Fort Laramie in southeastern Wyoming. Fort Laramie became a haven for gold seekers and weary emigrants. It was also an important station for the Pony Express and the Overland Stagecoaches, and it served as a vital military post in the wars with the Plains Indians. Chief Washakie (WASH-ah-key) became known as the Indian Chief that helps white men. He '" assisted the U.S. military in their campaigns > against the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes. i:<.> ~ Washakie was chief of the Eastern Shoshones '" 1ij for sixty years and is the only Native American 1i5 OJ to have a military fort named after him. Chief <= E Washakie signed the treaty that established the 0 ~ boundaries of what is now the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming. A graveyard in the town of Fort Washakie houses a substantial granite memorial with an inscription that reads: "Always loyal to the government and his white brothers." Chief Washakie Great herds of buffalo once grazed on the rolling hills of Wyoming, giving rise to one of the state's best known citizens, William F.