0000101122 11310N1 ID ON 0011 2C 000 203 TITLE tasaus Indiana A Collection of Short Biographies. INSTITUTION Bureau of Indian Affairs (Dept. of InteriOr), Washington, D.C. POS DATE 74 VOTE 55p. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (StockNo. 2402-000361 $1.05) EDRS PRICE 14P-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS American History; *American Indians; *Biographies; Dooklists; Cultural Background; *Developing Nations; *Individual Characteristics; *Leadership Qualities ABSTRACT A collection of 20 short biographies of American Indian warriors, statesmen, prophets,and scholars highlights leaders in the often tragic, yet inspiring,saga of North American Indians. Most of the heroes and heroines whose livesare briefly described were chiefs; some of them have become famous around the world.All were leaders in a great struggle to preserve treasured landsand lifeways. With their tribesmen, theyare inseparably linked to our country's history from its earliest beginningsthrough generations of growth. A suggested reading list with headingsfor "General Background," "Tribes and Individuals," and"publications on Indians by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for SaleThrough the Superintendent of Document" concludes the document. (AH) UST COPYWWII FAMOUS INDIANS A Collection of ShortBiographies Warriors, statesmen, prophets, andscholars; the firmest of friends and most formidable of foes: thereare heroes (and heroines) of mans kinds in the often tragic, yet inspiringsaga of North American Indians. Mustbut not allof the Indianpersonalities whose livesare briefly described herewere Chiefs; some of them have become famous aroundthe world.All were leaders ina great struggle to preserve treasured lands and lifeways.With their tribesmen, theyare inseparably linked to our country's history from its earliest beginningsthrough generations of growth. U S IMPARTMENT Of IMALTSL EDUCATIONIWELPARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION DOCuS1,4 NT ,s, 141.: PRO 110CIP EVA( tt V AS RECI: .v! 'ROM Ht Pt RSON OR ORDAN,ZATiON ORIGIN .Nic. P0.10% 01 s',11* OR OPINIONS SI.% TED DO NOT NECFS;ARLVREPRO' SENT 0? ICAk. NA T,ONAt NS,,TUIE Or VOtiCAT,ON POSITION OR ROL.Cv . Tv' 7 ff dif r Pocahontas, as visualized by an unknown artist of the 19th century, who portrayed the Powhatan -child of nature" in the romantic style of his own period. Photo: Smithsonian institution. - - -eve tfT;,... >7", MT COP/ AVAILABLE FAMOUS INDIANS POWHATANAND POCAHONTAS A Collection of MASSASOIT AND KIN° PHILLIP POPE Short Biographies JOSEPH BRANT PONTIAC SACAGAWEA TECUMSEII SEQUOYA JOHN ROSS BLACK HAWK OSCEOLA COCHISE a. SEArrt RED CLOUD CRAZY HORSE SITTING BULL WOVOKA JOSEPH! QUANAH PARKER GERONIMO Suggested Reading List ar: . rt... !:%- POWHATAN ANDPOCAHONTAS BEST COP!AVAILABLE (Powhatan) wiEN F.Nt3.511 SrITIIRS founded Jamestown est daughter," Poelhontas, a girl of about 13at the Colony in 1607, all of what isnow Tidewater time of the English arrival, Virginia was occupied bya confederacy of Algon- Many legends havegrown up around Pocahon- quin Indian tribes headed by a powerful chief tas,One of the most famous of these tellsthat known as Powhatan(his proper namewas when John Smith, having intrudedtoo far on Wahunsonacock). Although Chief Powhatan Indian territory,was captured and about to be could easily have destroyed the entire young col- beheaded at Powhatan's order,Pocahontas saved ony, he and his people were generally friendly his life by throwing Ierselfover his body. Then, during the pioneers' first difficultyears. the story continues, Powhatan, yieldingto Poca. Capt. John Smith, the English colony'sleader, hontas' pleas, pardoned the Englishleader and sent described Powhatanas a tall, dignified man in his him back to Jamestown inpeace. Ors, with a grim suspicious face anda reputation In 1609, makinga diplomatic effort to maintain for cruelty to anyone who got in his way. the Indians' good will, the English settlerscrowned Hut Powhatan hada very soft heart for his "dear- Chief Powhatan king of theterritory. Much i .1 , .. 11 , i tt, & I 4 k lit c.t ,. rit 4 Z'' k .. , s.P F i., .'1 111 it.. I Iii 4,M r \ Wahunsonacock, chief of the PowhatanConfederacy, is being crowned "King Powhatan"by Captain John Smith in this pencil sketchby an anonymous 20thcentury artist. Photo: Smithsonian Institution. pomp and ceremony went along with the crown- But white she was living among the ritglish nt ing,' but, according to Captain Smith, it was not a Jamestown, Pocahontas had met John Rohe, "an complete success.Powhatan was more interested honest gentleman and of good behaviour." rec. in the gifts which went along with the event than orris of the time describe him. The two fell In In the crown itself, and was reluctant to bow his love.After Pocahontas had been converted to head even long enough for the crown to be placed Christianity and baptized under the name of "the upon it. Lady Rebecca," she and Rolfe were married. Indian-white relations became less friendly after The match was much to the benefit of English colonists, for Powhatan kept peace with them John Smith's return to England, Lid promises were until his death in 1618. broken on both sides. The English intruded upon In 1616, Mr. and Mrs. Rolfe and several other Indian lands, and the resentful Powhatans cap. Indiansaccompanied Jamestown Governor tured settlers and made otT with colonists' belong - Thomas Dale to England, where Pocahontas was ings. There were several years of minor warfare. received as a princess.She lived happily there In 1613, taking advantage of Powhatan's great until, at about 22, she died of smallpox.Her only love for his daughter, the English decoyed Poca- son, Thomas Rolfe, returned as a young man to hontas onto a Bridsh ship which lay at anchor in the home of his mother, and later founded one of the Potomac, arid carrid her off to Jamestown. America's most distinguished familiesthe Ran- With so valuable a hostage, the settlers were able dolphs of Virginia. Several remnant groups, rep- to arrange ransom terms: English prisoners and resentative of the historic Powhatan Confederacy, goods were returned, and Pocahontas was restored are found todayinVirginia.Of these, the to her father. Pamunkey and Mattaponi are best known. 1.7.7 7-r 7.- .7 Fri eV . r:-.-rf,,,173 .7 . 'err MASSASOIT A.ND KING PHILIP , (Wampanoag) DVRING THEIR F1R5T hard years the New When Massasoit died in 1661, the English, un- England wilderness, the Pilgrims might not easy over the loss of their most powerful Indian have survived without the help of Massasoit, Chief friend, hastened to cultivate the good will of the of the Wampanoags, whose territory included pat is great chief's two sons. As a mark of esteem, they 1 what are now Massachusetts and Rhode Island. bestowed English names upon the two young chief- In March 1621, a few months after the Mayflower tains: Wamsutta, Massasoit's elder son and suc- Landing, the powerful Massasoit, accompanied by cessor, became "Alexander;" the younger, born several other chiefs, visited Plymouth colony and Metacomet, was ren:uned "Philp." When Alex- in a treaty of peace which followed, gave gen- ander died suddenly a few months after taking erous amounts of land to the white men. office, young Philip was made Chief of the As long as he lived Massasoit remained a friend Wampanoags. and loyal ally of English colonists. One Pilgrim Philip reaffirmed his father's peace treaty, and wrote: "There is novt great peace among the In- the colonists, in turn, agreed to stop buying land for dians themselves, and we, for our part, walk as 4 years.But within 1 year, white settlers were peaceably in the woods as in the highways of Eng- again moving in on Indian territory, and scattered land. We entertain them familiarly in our houses, Indian hostilities grew into rumors of war.In and they, as friendly, I. estow their venison on us." 1671 white authorities summoned Philip to Taun- The Indians shared not only their deer, butt ton and demanded new peace measures that in- their planting and cooking secrets as well. The eluded surrender of Indian guns. Philip, although colonists learned to cultivate corn and to make bitterly resentful, agreed to these conditions. such delicacies as corn pone, planked shad, baked But most of the Indians refused to part with beans, and roasted clams.In the winter of 1623, their guns.Philip himself, although publicly ac- when (Thief Massasoit was dangerously ill, the knowledging himself a subject of the English grateful Pilgrims helped nurse him back to health. king, had privately spent his first 9 yearsas Wam- The story goes th:.t Gov. Edward Winslow, the panoag chief in preparation forwar to avenge colony's leader, personally carried a nourishing his people's humiliations. By 1674, havingrecog- broth through seven- snowy miles to Massasoit's nized that his tribe could not defeat the colonists home near what is now Bristol, RI, alone, Philip secretly sent messengers to other First clashes between Indians aad settlerscame tribes: war between the Indians and the white from quarrels and misunderstandingsover land. men was inevitable, he told them, if the great In most cases, the New England colonists had Algonquian Nation was to survive. honorably paid Indians for land, which they then In January of 1675, :he war since known as considered their own. The Indians, however, did "King Philip's War" began, when an Indian not understand such European ideas as exclusive named John Sassamon was found dead under the land ownership, and continued to hunt and fish ice of a pond near Plymouth.Sassamon, who where their ancestors always had. To the English had been converted to Christianity, spoke English this was trespassing, and trespassing meantarrest, well, and for a time had forsaken his white friends trial. and conviction.Tensions increased between to return to the wilderness as Philip's secretary.