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“Crazy Horse with Us”

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“Crazy Horse with Us” Title: Crazy Horse: The Life behind the Legend Author: Mike Sajna ISBN: 0-471-24182-2 1 “Crazy Horse with Us” Slowly the column made its way down the wide valley between two long, sloping bluffs. It was about ten o’clock in the morning.1 The sky was clear and bright, the plains gleaming with the night’s rain and the first tender green of spring. About a mile in advance of the column rode Lieutenant J. Wesley Rosenquest with a detachment of the 4th U.S. Cavalry.2 Five days earlier, on May 1, 1877, Rosenquest had left Camp Robinson in northwestern Nebraska to meet the “hostiles,” the band of the Oglala Lakota Sioux leader Crazy Horse, on Hat Creek. At the request of the Oglala Lakota Red Cloud, who had been out in the Powder River country negotiating Crazy Horse’s surrender since mid-April, Rosen- quest brought the band ten wagons of supplies and a hundred head of cattle.3 Rosenquest would later become known as the first army officer to shake hands with Crazy Horse, but interpreter William Gar- nett, who accompanied him on the mission, said that is a “mistake.”4 He does not, however, elaborate. To meet Rosenquest and accept the surrender of Crazy Horse, Lieutenant William Philo Clark, known to the Indians as White Hat, had ridden up Soldier Creek from Camp Robinson with twenty Chey- enne scouts and a reporter for the Chicago Times, most likely L. F. Whitbeck.5 The reporter would write of Clark: There is a personal magnetism about the man that attaches a person to him as soon as one meets him. This is used to great advantage with Indians. His Indian soldiers perfectly worship him. His word is law to them. His perfect control of them shows that Indians can easily be got along with if dealt with honestly, treated kindly, and with a firm hand. Clark may well be proud of the splendid reputation he is getting in the Indian war.6 1 2 CRAZY HORSE Clark’s interest in the plains tribes would later lead him to write The Indian Sign Language. Five miles outside of Red Cloud Agency, which stood one and one-half miles east of Camp Robinson, Clark’s detail encountered Rosenquest and the advancing column of Indians. Alone at the head of the Indians rode Crazy Horse on a light-colored pony. Clark and his men waited until the column was about a half mile away and then rode forward to meet it. As they did, Crazy Horse dismounted and sat on the ground.7 According to Short Buffalo or Short Bull, youngest brother of Crazy Horse’s close friend He Dog: “Crazy Horse spread out his blanket for Red Cloud to sit on and gave his shirt to Red Cloud; He Dog did the same for White Hat. This meant that they gave up to these two. He Dog gave his war-horse and saddle to White Hat. You can see by this that there was no ill feeling toward the whites.”8 Halting his men, Clark moved ahead alone. When he was within a few yards of Crazy Horse, he dismounted and sat down facing the Oglala leader.9 For five minutes the two men remained in that posi- tion. What was said was not recorded, but the talk could well have been a reiteration of Crazy Horse’s thoughts on the location of the agency he had been promised. Short Buffalo said: “In all the talk they had that day, Crazy Horse said, ‘There is a creek over there they call Beaver Creek; there is a great big flat west of the headwaters of Beaver Creek; I want my agency put right in the middle of that flat.’ He said the grass was good there for horses and game.”10 According to Short Buffalo, Crazy Horse originally wanted his agency located near what is now Gillette, Wyoming, or on the edge of the Big Horn Mountains where Sheridan, Wyoming, stands. If he could not have an agency in either of those locations, he was willing to accept one on Beaver Creek east of Camp Robinson. This was the only cause of misunderstanding at that time, Short Buffalo said. Crazy Horse wanted to have his agency established first. Then he would go to Washington to talk with the president. White officials wanted him to go to Washington before he was given an agency.11 The talk over, Clark rose, stepped closer to Crazy Horse, and extended his left hand. According to Garnett, Clark had been in- structed to use his left hand because the Indians believed the “left hand is next to the heart, but the right hand does all manner of wickedness.”12 “crazy horse with us” 3 Crazy Horse and his band of Indians on their way to surrender at the Red Cloud Agency. From Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, June 6, 1877. Clark’s action broke the tension, and Rosenquest, the Times re- porter, and several of the most important Lakota warriors moved for- ward to exchange handshakes. “Most of them gave a good hearty grip, and seemed to mean it,” the Times noted. “Three gave the left hand, a few just touched their fingers very politely, not even saying ‘How koola?’ But nearly all gave good hearty evidence of submis- sion.” About a hundred yards behind the group sat another three hundred warriors divided into five bands, with a headman at the front of each. Darkening the bluffs above the scene were the band’s women, children, old men, and young warriors.13 During the entire ceremony, according to the Times, Crazy Horse remained seated alone where Clark had first met him. When the party returned, he was joined by Little Hawk and He Dog. Like Crazy Horse at one time, He Dog was an appointed leader of the highest rank, officially called wicasa yatapike, “owners of the tribe” or “supreme headmen,” but commonly known as “shirt wearers.”14 In his reminiscences recorded more than twenty-five years later, Garnett reported that Crazy Horse then presented Clark with “a war 4 CRAZY HORSE bonnet, war shirt, pipe and beaded sack for tobacco and kinni kin- nick and pipe. Clark was told to put on his Indian clothing, being assisted by some of his new friends, and made an imposing appear- ance.”15 The Times reporter, writing that same day, though, reported that He Dog opened the council by saying: “I have come to make peace to those only I like and have confidence in. I give these.”16 He Dog, not Crazy Horse, then removed his ceremonial bonnet and heavily beaded and embroidered war shirt. He hung the shirt over Clark’s shoulders and placed the war bonnet on the lieutenant’s head. Clark responded by sitting next to Crazy Horse. “We have come to make a lasting peace, never to be broken,” Clark said. “We had a rain last night that has washed out all bad feel- ings that have ever been between us. The sun is now shining brightly. All shows the Great Spirit is pleased with our actions. To ensure this lasting peace it is necessary to give up arms and ponies. This after- noon, when we reach camp, I will take the names of all Indians who turn in ponies and arms, and will send them to the great father at Washington. General Crook is now in Washington, looking out for your interests. We want to count the Indians so as to provide them with rations, and keep them supplied.”17 Well-known among the Lakota for holding his tongue at councils, Crazy Horse replied: “I have given all I have to Red Cloud.”18 It was his only recorded comment at the surrender council. The Times reporter and many writers since have taken Crazy Horse’s words to mean that he had given his possessions to Red Cloud. But that might be too literal an interpretation or even a mistake in translation, since Crazy Horse remained in possession of such things as his Winchester rifle and pony. As Short Buffalo indicated, the remark probably meant that he had ceded his authority to Red Cloud. In response, Red Cloud told Clark: “Crazy Horse is a sensible man. He knows it is useless to fight longer against the whites, and is now willing to give himself up.” Through Red Cloud, the warriors then asked to be allowed to surrender their arms voluntarily at Red Cloud Agency and not have them forcibly taken away. Clark agreed and laid out a plan that called for each warrior to deposit his guns on the ground at the agency and then give his name.19 By noon the council was over and the march begun to Red Cloud Agency. Clark and Rosenquest led the column, followed by their Cheyenne soldiers, and a quarter of a mile back Crazy Horse and his “crazy horse with us” 5 warriors, as the Times reported, “marching with the regular order of troops.”20 The Lakota horses were brightly painted, and all but Crazy Horse, who wore his customary plain shirt and single eagle feather, were dressed in their best shirts, ceremonial bonnets, blankets, and leggings heavily ornamented with glass beads, brass, silver, and tin. “The sun shining on them made such a dazzling show as almost to blind the eyes,” the Times noted. “Behind the warriors [came] the two thousand ponies then tepees and lodge poles. It was a grand and imposing sight.”21 As the column approached Red Cloud Agency at 2:00 P.M., there was none of the parading, wild firing of weapons, whooping, or cele- brating that had followed some earlier surrenders.
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