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CAA WEEK 4 AUGUST, 2021.Indd CURRENT WEEK: 4 AUGUST AFFAIRS 2021 WEEKLY MAINS PRELIMS HISTORY & CULTURE Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, GS- I Caste Census in the honoured by Google Doodle times of changing Tiwa Tribe celebrated social equations Wanchuwa Festival INTERNATIONAL 5th meeting of BRICS Industry GS- I I Tribunals Reforms RELATIONS Ministers Bill, 2021 India collaborates with UN launches tech platform for peacekeepers A new endgame in GS- I II ECONOMY PM Gati Shakti Master Plan Afghanistan RBI to put in place a “PRISM” to strengthen compliance by GS- I I I Plastic waste lenders management rules ENVIRONMENT A third of India’s coastline underwent erosion in 28 years: on beating Plastic Ministry of Earth Sciences Pollution Four more sites of India added to Ramsar list GS- IV Fairness of Symplocos Mohananii, a new plant species discovered in Intellectual Western Ghats Property Waiver SCIENCE Chandrayaan-2 confirms water For Covid-19 & TECHNOLOGY on Moon surface Vaccines www.iasscore.in Disclaimer The current affairs articles are segregated from prelims and mains perspective, such separation is maintained in terms of structure of articles. Mains articles have more focus on analysis and prelims articles have more focus on facts. However, this doesn’t mean that Mains articles don’t cover facts and PT articles can’t have analysis. You are suggested to read all of them for all stages of examination. CURRENT AFFAIRS ANALYST WEEK- 4 (AUGUST, 2021) CONTENTS Section - A: MAINS CURRENT AFFAIRS Area of GS Topics in News Page No. Caste Census in the times of changing social GS I SOCIETY 02 equations POLITY & Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021 08 GOVERNANCE GS II INTERNATIONAL A new endgame in Afghanistan 07 RELATIONS Plastic waste management rules on beating GS III ENVIRONMENT 09 Plastic Pollution Fairness of Intellectual Property Waiver For GS IV ETHICS 11 Covid-19 Vaccines Section - B: PRELIMS CURRENT AFFAIRS Area of GS Topics in News Page No. Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, honoured by Google HISTORY & 15 GS I Doodle CULTURE Tiwa Tribe celebrated Wanchuwa Festival 16 5th meeting of BRICS Industry Ministers 17 POLITY & GS II India collaborates with UN launches tech platform GOVERNANCE 19 for peacekeepers PM Gati Shakti Master Plan 20 RBI to put in place a “PRISM” to strengthen 20 ECONOMY compliance by lenders A third of India’s coastline underwent erosion in 21 28 years: Ministry of Earth Sciences GS III Four more sites of India added to Ramsar list 23 ENVIRONMENT Symplocos Mohananii, a new plant species 24 discovered in Western Ghats SCIENCE & Chandrayaan-2 confi rms water on Moon surface 25 TECHNOLOGY #'( )* (## #+*+" )#'( " ! $ ! % " ! " " ! " & # ! SECTION: A (MAINS) CURRENT AFFAIRS CURRENT AFFAIRS WEEK - 4 (AUGUST, 2021) WEEKLY CASTE CENSUS IN THE TIMES OF CHANGING SOCIAL EQUATIONS CONTEXT The 2021 Census of India, the 16th Indian Census, will be taken in 2021. But the growing demands for a caste census from various sections of society have once again surfaced the issue like its immediate need and long-term repercussions. BACKGROUND Every Census until 1931 had a mention of data The origin of the Census in India goes back to the on caste. colonial exercise of 1881. Every Census in independent India from 1951 Census has evolved and been used to- to 2011 has published data on SC and ST, but not on other castes. ! capture the Indian population SECC is meant to canvass every Indian family, both ! access resources in rural and urban India, and ask about their: ! map social change ! Economic status, so that allow Central and ! delimitation exercise, etc State machinery can come up with a range of indicators of deprivation, permutations, However, as early as the 1940s, W.W.M. Yeatts, and combinations of which could be used Census Commissioner for India for the 1941 by the state to defi ne a poor or deprived Census, had pointed out that there shall be no person. All-India caste table in the 1940s due to enormous ! To allow the government to segregate expenditure in World War II. which caste groups were economically Caste Census & its actual origin worst off and which were better off. SECC has the potential to allow for a mapping The caste census is often linked British era of of inequalities at a broader level. “Divide and Rule”. The Mandal Commission came up with But is a beautiful piece of information to know that the estimates of the OBC population at some 200 years before British rule, between 1658 52%using methods of extrapolation. and 1664, the home minister Munhata Nainsi of the Marwar kingdom, ruled by Maharaja Jaswant Singh Rathod conducted the fi rst caste census. ANALYSIS Caste Enumeration in Census: The 15th edition of the Indian Census, 2011 had taken into account the data of population-based on Socio-Economic and Caste Status for the fi rst time after 1931. As the enumeration was based on self-declaration, it resulted in hundreds of thousands of caste/sub- caste categories. Every census from 1951 to 2011 has published data on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, but not on other castes. Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) In 2011, the Socio-Economic and Caste Census was conducted for the fi rst time since 1931. 2 www.iasscore.in CURRENT AFFAIRS WEEKLY WEEK - 4 (AUGUST, 2021) What happened to the SECC 2011 data? Why do we need a census to be done? The SECC exercise was done by the Ministry In order to better understand the population of of Rural Development in rural areas and society and what people have access to, and what the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty they are excluded from. Alleviation in urban areas. It is relevant not only for social scientists but also for policymakers and academicians. The data of Socio-Economic and Caste Census The Census of India enumerates and collects excluding caste data was published by the two demographic and socio-economic data on the ministries in the year 2016. Indian population. The crude caste data was given to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, which formed Associated Concerns with SECC an Expert Group under Arvind Panagariya for the Arguments against the Caste Census: classifi cation and categorisation of collected data. ! So far, no such report has been made public. Fear of breaching the 50% ceiling for a caste-based reservation: It is argued that a Socio-Economic Caste Census is the only way The measure took by the Government after to make a case to breach the 50% cap on the Independence: reservation. In 1953 Kaka Kalekar Commission (under ! Procedural Issues: As per the central list, the Article 340) was formed to investigate the total number of OBCs in the country stands at conditions of socially and educationally 6,285, while the number further increases to backward classes within the territory of India. 7,200 if the list is prepared by the states, and In 1979 Mandal Commission (under article UTs are taken into consideration. (Though the 340), was established for the Socially and Rohini commission is in place to look into the Educationally Backward Classes Commission sub-categorisation of the OBC’s.) (SEBC),with a mandate to “identify the socially ! Social fragmentation: Caste identifi cation can or educationally backward classes” of India. lead to friction amongst various classes and can In 1992, Indra Sawhney the Supreme Court result in an increased caste enmity.There have held that should be in place a permanent body been concerns that caste census may result in to look into the matter of inclusion and non- a society with reinforce identities. It is being inclusion of groups, classes and Sections of argued that counting caste will perpetuate it Other Backward Classes. further deeper. In 2018, NBCC (National Commission for ! Partial benefi ts: The way reservation is Backward Classes)was made a constitutional practised in the country; it has invariably led to body (123rd constitutional amendment bill 2017 elites among castes and communities. and 102nd amendment 2018 in the constitution ! Opposition from religious groups:The to make it a constitutional body). resistance to the caste census is not only coming ! nd 102 Constitution Amendment Act inserted from the Hindus; Muslims, Christians and Sikhs new Articles 338B and 342A. are also scared, since there exist castes even in ! Articles 338B: provides authority these communities and the Dalit Muslim, the to NCBC to examine complaints and Dalit Christian and the Dalit Sikh are catching welfare measures regarding socially and up on the fi ght for their rights. educationally backward classes. ! Vulnerable open-ended categories: There ! Articles 342A:empowers President to are certain open-ended categories in the lists specify socially and educationally backward such as orphans and destitute children. The classes in various states and union cases of a migrant from one State to another territories and the status of children from inter-caste ! The amendment also brings about changes marriages, in terms of caste classifi cation, are in Articles 366. also related questions. Rohini Commission Positive outcomes of the caste census ! The Rohini Commission was constituted in Bringing the marginalized to the table: A October 2017(Article 340of the Constitution) caste census brings up the number of people to submit its report on the Sub-categorisation who are at the margins. There are many of such of Other Backward Classes (OBCs). castes which are still nomadic and is deprived of identity and development. www.iasscore.in 3 CURRENT AFFAIRS WEEK - 4 (AUGUST, 2021) WEEKLY ! Data for Policymaking: This information is are somehow lacking. Counting of caste doesn’t important for any democratic policymaking necessarily strengthen caste or the caste system. agency. A caste census would bring up the Myths of caste-elitisms can only be debunked anthropological facts, and on the other, provide through a caste-based census.
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