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Mppsc 2020 Model Hints

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4

MPPSC 2020 UNIT WISE MAINS TEST SERIES 2020 TEST 4

MODEL HINTS GS PAPER 1 Unit 4 - HISTORY ------3 MARKERS

1. This question consists of very short answer-type questions. Each question is to be answered in 1 line (10 Words). There is no internal choice. Each question carries 3 marks. (a) Bhimbetka

Model Hints

 Location o District, o Complex is surrounded by Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary  Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh is a striking site of both the Palaeolithic and paintings.(mppscadda.com)  Bhimbetka is derived from 'bhimbaithka' meaning 'the sitting place of Bhima', from Mahabharata.  Bhimbetka rock shelters were discovered and revealed to the world by V.S. Wakankar in 1957

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Location in Raisen Distt

Rock paintings (b) Omkareshwar

Model Hints  Omkareshwar is a Hindu temple dedicated to God .  It is one of the 12 revered shrines of Shiva. It is on an island called or Shivapuri in the ;

 The shape of the island is said to be like the Hindu ॐ symbol.

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(c)

Model Hints • Sanchi is about 5 km from , the capital of MP. • It is a world heritage site. • There are three main stupas at Sanchi. o Stupa-1 (oldest) presumed to have the relics of the Buddha, o Stupa-2 is presumed to have the relics of ten less famous arhats and o Stupa-3 has the relics of famous Buddhist monks—Sariputta and Mhamoghlayana. • Stupa-1 is one of the finest examples of stupa architecture in the world. • Originally, it was a small brick structure which expanded over a period of time, so it was covered with stone. A stone wall was built around it (vedika) and also the gateways (toranas) were built. There are four gateways which are profusely decorated. The figures are small but finely sculpted. For example, the image of shalabhnajika (lady holding the branch of a tree is remarkable). • In the early phase of Buddhism, the Buddha was shown symbolically as an empty throne, feet, chhatra, etc. • Later, scenes from the Jatakas were also depicted. Jatakas are events from the life of Buddha. The main events which were frequently depicted were—Buddha's birth, renunciation, enlightenment, dhammachakrapravartana and mahaparinirvana (death).

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(d) Makhanlal Chaturvedi

Model Hints  Called as the - Ek Bharatiya Atma (An Indian Soul)  Chaturvedi was born in a Babai village of Hoshangabad district.  He was the editor of the nationalist journals Prabha, Pratap and Karmaveer.  He was awarded the first Sahitya Akademi Award in for his work "Him Taringini" in 1955.  His Famous Works: o Poetry: Himtarangini, Hikiritini, Yug Charan, Samarpan, Maranjawar. o Essay: Sahitya devta, Amir irade: Garib irade. Samay ke Panv o Drama: Krishnarjun Yuddha o Story: Kala ka Anuvad o Prose-poetry: Rangon ki boli o One of his famous poem is "Pushpa ki Abhilasha"

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(e) Gangaur Dance

Model Hints  This is a traditional religious folk dance.

 It is performed during the gangaur festival in the month of Chaitra.

 Gangaur is a folk goddess, a symbol of .

 There are two types of dances in gangaur: Jhalariya and Jhola.

 In Jhalariya dance, men and women dance in different groups.

 In Jhola, two styles are there: ada and khada. Main instruments are dhol and thali.

 Prominent Dancers are: Hiralal Saad, Prabhakar Dubey, Sadhna Upadhyaya.

Gangaur Dance (f) Maach

Model Hints  Maach is the main representative folk drama of MP.  It originated in MP and is popular in both rural as as urban areas.  In addition to , other main centers include: , , , , , Shajapur and Dewas.  The term Maach comes from the term 'Manch' meaning stage. Some time before presentation of Maach, Maach pole is placed.  Dholak and Sarangi are important accompanying instruments.  Romantic themes are most popular. Normally, women do not participate.  Prominent personalities: o Balmukund is considered as pioneer of Maach. o After him, Ustaad Kaaluram gave it a new touch. MPPSC 2020 (UNIT WISE TEST SERIES – 50 TESTS) (Enroll@9999) Call: 9953733830 WhatsApp: 7982862964 Mail: [email protected] www.mppscadda.com

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(g) Tansen

Model Hints TANSEN (1506-89)  He is the most well known musician of .

 He was one of the navratnas in the court of and was an outstanding musician and vocalist.

 It is believed that he was born in 1506 in Behat village in .

 His childhood name was Ramtanu Pandey.

 He was given the title of Tansen by the ruler of Gwalior.

 His mentor and guru was Mohd Ghaus.

 Later, Tansen joined the court of King Ramchandra Baghela of Rewa and from here, he went to Akbar's Court.

 Here he became one of the navratnas and was given the title of Mian by Akbar himself.

 He was a great dhrupad singer.

 He authored Sangeet Sara and Rajmala which are important texts on music.

 He also created the instrument .

 Tomb - Gwalior.

 Tansen Award and Tansen Festival: MP Government has been giving this award since 1980 in the honor of the great musician. It is given for Hindustani Music. Tansen Festival is organized every year at his Tomb in Gwalior. This is an all India Festival and it is here that Tansen award is given away.

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(h) Bhartrihari

Model Hints  It is believed that he was the elder brother of King Vikramaditya.

 Bhartrihari is considered as the pioneer of Indian muktak and shatak poetry.

 His sect is known as Vairagya. He had renounced worldly life and lived the life of a saint.

 His place of asceticism was Chunar (Mirzapur, UP) and his Samadhi is in Sariska.

 The of Bhartrihari are present in Ujjain.

Works

 He worked as much for religious progress as for literature.

 Main books by Bhartrihari are:

o Shataktraya, Vakyapadvritti, Bhagvritti, Mhabhashyadipika, Shabda Dhatu, Mimansa Sutra Vritti, Bhattikavya, etc.

o In these books, Bhartrihari had presented the whole philosophy of his life.

o Through his writings, we get to know that he was a great scholar of grammar and believed in the teachings of Patanjali.

(i) Orrcha Festival

Model Hints  Orrcha festival is a festival which is organized at Tikamgarh.  Namaste Orchha festival is newest addition to international tourism calendar in 2020.  The Orchha Festival is a 3-day event to celebrate the history of Orrcha town.  Mainly artists of region of Madhya Pradesh perform in this festival.  Various activities are organized which include dance, singing and playing of various instruments is organized.

 Founded in the 16th Century by Pratap Singh, Orchha became the capital of the Bundela dynasty.  It is planned along the with the complex of forts, palaces and cenotaphs

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4 5 MARKERS 2. Answers of the following questions in 5-6 lines (50 words) each: (a) Briefly discuss the Khajuraho Group of Temples.

Model Hints  The Khajuraho Group of Temples (Hindu temples and Jain temples) is located in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India.

 They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples are famous for their Nagara-style architectural symbolism and their erotic .

 The Khajuraho group of monuments was built during the rule of the Chandela dynasty.

 The temples are grouped into three categories depending on their orientation – the Western Group of Temples, the Eastern Group of Temples and the Southern Group of Temples.

 These temples are dedicated to several Hindu Gods and Goddesses along with deities in Jain beliefs.

 Among the temples that are standing till now, 6 are dedicated to Lord Shiva, 8 to Lord , 1 each to Lord and the Sun God, while 3 are dedicated to Jain .

 The largest of the temples is the Kandariya Mahadeo Temple that is dedicated to the glory of lord Shiva.

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(b) Write a short note on Jhanda Satyagrah.

Model Hints

Jhanda Satyagraha(1923)  On march 1923, in Jabalpur a dispute arosed among local authorities about the hoisting of the tricolor flag.  The dispute started when the British deputy commissioner was enraged and ordered to take down the flagwhich was hoisted by the congress members at municipality building at Jabalpur on 8th march 1923.  In defiance of the government ban, the district Congress Committee started the Satyagraha, which was led by pandit Sunderlal Sharma, Subhadra kumari ,Nathuram Modi .  Satyagrahi were prosecuted in which Pandit Sundarlal Sharma was imprisoned for six months  .Later was made the centre of Satyagrah.  On 18 August,1923 the British authorities allowed volunteers to take out the procession with national flag which was headed by Makhanlal Chaturvedi,Vallabh Bhai Patel and Babu Rajendra Prasad.

(c) Give an account of famous religious places of Madhya Pradesh.

Model Hints Madhya Pradesh is famous for holy places and Hindu temples such as Bhojeshwar temple complex, list of temples in Chitrakoot, famous temples of Amarkantak, Khajuraho group of temples, popular temples in Ujjain and must see temples of Orchha.

 Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga: Ujjain: Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingam of Lord Shiva and most sacred abodes of Lord Shiva in India.

, Omkareshwar: Omkareshwar Temple is also one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines of Lord Shiva in India, located in the island on the south bank of Narmada river. Amareshwar or Mamleshwar and Omkareshwar both are consider jyotirling and equally sacred.

 Bhojeshwar Temple, Bhojpur: Bhojeshwar Temple of Lord Shiva house the tallest limestone and the temple is designated as a Monument of National Importance.

 Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho: Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is the largest Hindu temple in Khajuraho, located in the Chhatarpur district. The temple is part of the Khajuraho Group of Monuments and one of the most popular UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.

 Chaturbhuj Temple, Orchha: Chaturbhuj Temple is the most fabulous temple in the complex, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Orchha town lies on the bank of Betwa river and famous for Orchha , Ram Raja Temple an Laxminarayan Temple.

 Maa Sharda Devi Temple, Maihar: Maa Sharda devi temple is the most famous temple of mother goddess in Madhya Pradesh. The temple is situated on Trikuta hill and also has way system.

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4  Bijasan Mata Temple, Salkanpur: Bijasan Mata Temple in Salkanpur is a sacred shrine of goddess and a must visit temples in Madhya Pradesh.

 Bharat Milap Mandir, Chitrakoot:Bharat Milap Mandir is one of the famous temple in Chitrakoot, The religious town of Chitrakoot is situated in the Bundelkhand region and known for a number of temples and sites.

 Narmadeshwar Temple, Amarkantak: Narmada Udgam Temple in Amarkantak is the prime tourist attraction along with unique natural heritage area, rich variety of flora and Yantra Mandir.

 Chausath Yogini Temple at Jabalpur is the abode of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati along with 64 yoginis. The temple is located near the famous Marble Rocks in Bhedaghat.

(d) Write a short note on the buildings of Mandu.

Model Hints  The group of monuments of Mandu are situated south-east of Dhar in Madhya Pradesh.  There are more than 60 monuments including fort wall protected and declared as monuments of national importance. The most significant ones are described below:  Darwazas: Mandu is the largest fortified city of medieval India. The wall encompassing Mandu has 12 major gates or darwazas.  Jahaz Mahal: This palace is located between two artificial . It was built by Ghiyas-ud-din- Khilji, and it served as a harem for the , with a reportedly aggregation of 15000 ladies inside.  Hindola Mahal: This Swing palace has sloping sidewalls.  ’s Tomb: This tomb is said to be India‘s first marble structure and one of the best examples of Afghan architecture. It is truly Islamic in architecture with a beautifully proportioned dome, intricate marble lattice work and porticoed courts and towers. The Hoshang Shah‘s tomb may have been used as a template for building the Taj Mahal.  Jama Masjid: Built on the rubble of the Hindu Temples, the most is a simple structure with large courtyards and grand entrances.  Rewa Kund: Rewa Kund was a reservoir that supplied water to the Rani Roopmati‘s Pavilion. It was constructed by her lover .  Rani Roopmati’s Pavillion: It was actually an army observation post. Rani Roopmati – the love interest of Baaz Bahadur lived here and is said to have gazed at the Baz Bahadur‘s Palace – situated below and also at Narmada river, flowing through the plains far below, a river which the queen revered.  Baz Bahadur’s Palace: Built by Baz Bahadur, this 16th-century structure is famous for its large courtyards encompassed by large halls and high terraces. It is situated below Roopmati‘s Pavilion and can be seen from the pavilion.

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(e) Enlist the ten major cultural festivals of Madhya Pradesh.

Model Hints Major Cultural Festivals of MP

1. Ujjain Kumbh Mela/Simhastha 2. Khajuraho Festival 3. Orrcha Festival 4. Utsav 5. Lokrang Festival 6. Pachmarhi Utsav 7. Akhil Bhartiya Kalidas Samaroh 8. Kumar Gandharva Samaroh, Dewas 9. Lokranjan Festival 10. Tansen Samaroh or Tansen Sangeet Samaroh 11. Dhrupad Samaroh 12. Allauddin Sangeet Samaroh 13. Nimar Utsav

(f) Discuss the Charanpaduka Massacre of 1931.

Model Hints • On 14 January 1931, on day, in Chhatarpur district, an assembly was organized at Singhpur Charanpaduka Ground situated on the bank of river Urmila. • British forces cornered the assembly and opened fire killing 21 persons and injuring 26 others. • This massacre is termed as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre of MP. • The massacre further ignited people's aggression in entire Bundelkhand against British rule. • In 1939, Bundelkahnd Congress committee was set up and Ram Sahay Tiwari was elected its President.

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4 11 MARKERS

3. Answer the of the following questions in about 200 words each.

(a) Discuss the World Heritage Sites of Madhya Pradesh.

Model Hints Three sites in Madhya Pradesh have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO:  The Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)  Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (1989)  The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (2003) The Khajuraho Group of Monuments (1986)  The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is situted in chhattarpur District of madhya pradesh.  It is a group of hindu temples known for their nagara-style architectural symbolism and their erotic sculptures.  Location: Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh  Built By : Chandela dynasty Between 950 and 1050 AD

Sanchi Stupa  Stupa means, a dome-shaped building erected as a Buddhist shrine.  Sanci, is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in of the State of Madhya Pradesh  It was originally commissioned by the emperor in the 2nd century BCE

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Bhimbetka rock shelters  These rock shelters were declared a World Heritage Site in 2003.  Bhimbetka Rock shelters are located in Raisen District (Madhya Pradesh)  It gives the sense of the prehistoric and mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. It exhibits the earliest traces of life on the Indian subcontinent and evidence of starting at the site in Acheulian times. Itconsists of seven hills and over 750 rock shelters  Out of around 600 caves , only 12 caves are open for visitors, in Bhimbetka.

(b) Briefly describe the mains historical tourist places in Madhya Pradesh.

Model Hints The Great Stupa of Sanchi  The town of Sanchi is synonymous with Buddhist Stupas - containing relics of the Buddha or his followers.  The Stupas of Sanchi were constructed on the orders of Emperor Ashoka to preserve and spread the Buddhist philosophy.

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4  1989 UNESCO has given the status of 'World Heritage Site' to the Mahastupa. The Khajuraho Group of Temples  The common date palm - khajura - has given khajuraho its name.  Built between 950-1050 AD by the Chandela Dynasty.  The temples consist of stunning displays of fine sculptures and exceptional architectural skill, making them one of the 1983 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.  Based on their geographical location, the temples are categorised into three groups: Eastern, Western and Southern.  The khajuraho temples belong to the Hindu as well as the Jain religion Gwalior City  Gwalior is best known for its Hilltop fort, famously described as ‗the pearl amongst fortresses in India‘.  Gwalior holds an unparalleled reputation in Sangeet, and has retained Indian traditions and the wealth of music intact over the years. The is one of the oldest Khayal Gharanas and the one to which most classical Indian musicians can trace the origin of their style. Legendary musicians like Tansen and BaijuBawara belonged to Gwalior.  Gwalior also has a rich history in sports, with the wizard of Hockey, Dhyan Chand, belonging to the city.  The Vishnu temple at has the first ever written zero Bhimbetka Rock Shelters  Bhimbetka is derived from 'Bhimbaithka' meaning 'the sitting place of Bhima', from Mahabharata.  Out of the 760 rock shelters, 500 are adorned with paintings.  The painting of an enormous red bison attacking a man is visible only when the sun is just right  Thousands years old art gallery hides amongst the massive, black boulders of bhimbetka  These rock shelters were discovered and revealed to the world by V.S. Wakankar in 1957.\  Cave paintings dating back to approximately 30,000 years.  2003 Its a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Omkareshwar Temple  Omkareshwar is one of the 12 . Omkareshwar, the sacred island, is shaped like - the holiest symbol of .  Omkareshwar is adorned with lofty hills, between which the river Narmada forms a serene pool. Above this pool runs a cantilever type 270 ft bridge which further enhances the scenic beauty of this island.  The three storeyGauri is made in the shape of peahen. Mandu  City existing since 6th century B.C.  Houses India‘s biggest fort – the Mandu Fort

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4  The Jahaz Mahal in Mandu looks like a ship that‘s about to sail.  The city of Mandu is adorned with Afghan architecture surrounded by baobab trees, native to Africa.  The grand palaces speak of royal romance of Rani Roopmati and Baz Bahadurwhile the gateways (darwazas) speak of a history of imperial conquests. Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain  Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Mahakaleshwar Temple in Ujjain is one of the most popular holy shrines visited by in the temple city.  The city, situated on the banks of .  The uniqueness of Mahakaleshwar lies in the fact that it is the only Jyotirlinga which is facing the South, which gives it the name ―Dakshinamurti‖.It is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas, which are the most sacred abodes of Lord Shiva. Bhojeshwar Temple  Famous for housing one of the largest lingas in the country, Bhojeshwar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva whose construction was abandoned before its completion.  This temple was built by Raja Bhoj during the 11th century and has an 18 feet tall linga.

(c) Write a note about the Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Bhopal.

Model Hints  Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalya (National Museum of Mankind) is a unique museum on the Shyamala Hills Bhopal.  Itsan autonomous organization of the Ministry of Culture, , began functioning since March, 1977, at New . By early 1979, the establishment was shifted to Bhopal  The status of the Museum was converted from the 'Subordinate Office' into an ÁutonomousOrganisation in March 1985, and the 'Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya Samiti' was entrusted to control and supervise the programmes and activities of the Sangrahalaya.  It is one of the largest and leading Anthropological Museums in India.  The mandate of the Sangrahalaya include: presentation of an integrated story of bio-cultural evolution of humankind through outdoor and indoor exhibitions by highlighting the richness and diversity of cultural patterns of India and its underlying unity; to act as a centre of research and training in museology and generate a new museum movement in India and to present and preserve variety of cultural life.  IGRMS is also working for national integration, and promote research & training and inter- organizational networking for salvage and revitalization of vanishing, but valuable cultural traditions.  The innovative aspects of the organisation are its open-air and indoor exhibitions. It has 8 (eight) open air exhibitions and 12 indoor galleries. Moreover, Museum activities of this Museum are designed to make informative, educative and entertaining.

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MPPSC 2020 – UNIT WISE TEST SERIES 2020 - TEST 4  The Reference Library of IGRMS provides abundant research opportunities for students, researchers, designers, film makers etc. and it is an important source of documentation for the university community and Museum professionals.  The Museum display has been curated directly- by the folk and tribal communities, camping at site, to treat a miniature presentation of Indian folk ways display of ecospecific habitation and subsistancepractises in the tribal, coastal, desert and Himalayan habitats.  Through its exhibitions, education programmes and salvage activities, IGRMS demonstrates the aesthetic qualities of India's traditional life styles, and the continued relevance of local traditional knowledge and mores of people to the modern society and cautions the people against unprecedented destruction of ecology and environment, local values and customs

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