DOCSLIB.ORG

The Iranian Papers Case

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Iranian Papers Case The Iranian Papers Case William Worthy Paperbacks from Tehran add another kind of weight to unaccompanied luggage. N EARL y AUTUMN 1982, I received Given infighting among the four House, headquarters of the Nieman I a victorious phone call from Mark agencies and their hard-pressed at­ Foundation. The terms were a sweeping H. Lynch, Washington staffcounsel torneys - the Tort Branch, Civil Divi­ reaffirmation of the First and Fourth for the American Civil Liberties Union sion of the Justice Department - it took Amendments; they upheld the public's Foundation. until December for the settlement to be right to know, and scotched the dismal His call came just ten months after reduced to writing, signed by lawyers for prospect that the government could get the FBI, at Boston's Logan International both sides, and filed forsigning by U.S. away with illegal searches and seizures Airport, had confiscated, from our un­ of the personal effects of journalists and accompanied luggage arriving from other Americans returning home from Tehran, eleven volumes of Iranian re­ abroad. prints of secret documents seized at the Politically - and all such cases be­ U.S. Embassy in Tehran. His news: the come political in direct proportion to the IJl'llT[D STATES OISTRlCT C01JllT PORTH� D!STRJCTOFCOL�IA four agencies involved - Customs Ser­ amount of protective publicity generated vice, FBI, CIA, and State Department - - the settlement represented a complete had agreed orally to terms for an out­ climbdown from the government's three­ of-court settlement. WlLLIAM WORTHY. !£ �_! .. Plo \nt lfh, month-long threat to prosecute the three The terms: payment of $16,000 in Civil 11q,l_qn No, 82·018J lllLLIA11H. \.IUSTF.R tl�·· of us under the Theft of Government , FILED tax-free damages to me and my col­ AUGl21982 Property Act. Knowing firsthand the leagues Terri Taylor and Randy Good­ prolonged disruption of one's life by fed­ Upon cono!deutlon or Dehndantl' �otion For Protective Order man; destruction of "any fingerprint or and For!.!! c ...eu Procedure, tt1• oppo•ltlon theuto and the �overn­ eral indictments (on two occasions I've "'•nt'o reply, It ta thh llth du of AuyuH, 1982, other investigative materials developed ORDERED that the 1cheduled deposition of FBI >.gent Ch .. leo been through it, once as a conscientious Hichy io ouyed; •nd H h as a result of the seizure and detention" Fl!RTHF.RORDF,RJ;I) that the KOvernl"<nt oh�l\ oub<Alr by Augusr 19. objector, and once for the novel crime of the paperback books; and the return \982. dfid•vlU for !,!! � !nopectlon. •• rehrud to In Its ,,,.,tlon, uhtlng to the •Ute secnto privilege. Th• gov•r,..,,en< of coming home from off-limits Cuba to us of "any material or documents or 1hall •loo IUbl'llt •ny oupportlng menound• rehtlve to rhe !,!! �oub,,.lulonbyAuguat \9. Theparrhs sh.. ll aopur therufter "without bearing a valid passport"), I for copies of same [i.e., correspondence and before Judge hnn for furth.r cono!dH ..tion of rhe d•f•ndanu' one did not take the threat lightly. This other personal papers] seized from is not to deny the untenability of the plaintiffs' luggage." official claim that books printed on With their covers discolored by Iranian paper and on an Iranian press fingerprint-lifting chemicals, the books and sold in bookstores all over Iran and themselves had been abruptly turned in Europe were somehow U.S. govern­ over to Attorney Lynch and his co­ ment property. counsel, Susan W. Shaffer, on March What finally aborted prosecution 12, 1982, just before one of several court was the belated realization in Washing­ deadlines had forced policy decisions ton that, in order to convict us, ClA and action on a foot-dragging bureau­ officials would have had to testify in cracy. District Judge John Garrett Penn, to open court that the documents were whom the case had been assigned on authentic! The "Tehran paperbacks" (as January 20, 1982, when the ACLU filed The Washington Post later dubbed suit in our behalf. them) contained, among other politically Both the filing of the suit several sensitive materials, a critical CIA analy­ William Worthy, Nieman Fellow '57, is months ago and the settlement on sis of Israeli foreign intelligence and .m author and freelance journalist living December 9, 1982, were announced at security services, as well as the names 111 Boston. news conferences at Walter Lippmann of U.S. agents operating in the Mideast, Spring 1983 45 and instructions to protect their cover. lawyers won a very brief period of grace. So, pending compliance with that Under those circumstances, cooler Judge Parker tossed the proceedings injunction, the settlement in our case heads, presumably in the State Depart­ back to Judge Penn. Since it was highly reads: ment, prevailed. We were not indicted. unlikely that the Secretary of State and " ... the FBI will place all copies of There were other factors as well. the director of the CIA would have the records to be destroyed in sealed en­ When we landed at Kennedy Airport, personally trivialized the rarely invoked velopes and maintain them in a special Customs didn't notice in our hand lug­ state secrets privilege by signing off on locked file cabinet. Upon the outside of gage another set of the documents. A the final papers, the government stopped the cabinet the following legend will ap­ few days later, a New York Times playing hardball and began talking set­ pear: editor, upon learning that we had them, tlement. prevailed on us to turn the papers over The FBI has agreed to destroy all to him. A week later, "intelligence investigative records in this file cabinet specialists" in his Washington bureau, to pertaining to William Worthy, Teresa The Boston Globe whom they were rushed for analysis, re­ ...when A. Taylor and Randy Goodman, in settlement of their claims in William jected them, to the dismay and chagrin ran a simultaneous series based Worthy, et al. v. William H. Webster, of the enthusiastic editor in New York. on a set of the books obtained et al..... Meanwhile, Scott Armstrong at The in Paris, the thought of federal They are not to be disseminated Washington Post had called to ask if we indictments became even more in ariy way pending their destruction might have a duplicate set. Within an ludicrous. upon review by the National Archives hour after the Times' final decision, one and Records Service in accordance of Armstrong's assistants had picked with all present and future Orders of them up at the Times' bureau. For the the Court in American Friends Service next six weeks, Armstrong carefully The case - a totally unexpected cul­ Committee, et al. v. William H. Web­ ster, et al. ...." checked the documents. When The Post mination of our eight weeks in Iran put everything in the public domain with under contract with CBS News - had Armstrong's front-page syndicated series its ironies. When the discolored books After the full text of the settlement that ran from January 31 to February 6, were returned to us in March, all the was made public at our triumphant 1982, and when The Boston Globe ran bindings had been broken. Our at­ December 9 news conference, those re­ a simultaneous series based on a set of torneys learned that the FBI had photo­ porters who managed to get through to the books obtained in Paris, the thought copied everything and rushed copies to the Justice Department spokesperson got of federal indictments became even more all the other U.S. intelligence agencies. a firm "No comment whatsoever." The ludicrous. With all the resources at its command, Associated Press dispatch read: "John Nevertheless, the ideologues and it seems inconceivable that the CIA Russell, a Justice Department spokes­ hardliners in the Justice Department hadn't previously obtained copies. But man designated to comment on the case, didn't yield graciously. For months apparently that was the case. did not return four telephone calls from thereafter they played games in order to Still another irony: After the Justice a reporter." keep the elusive Boston FBI agents and Department attorneys had finally At the news conference I remarked: also FBI officials in Washington from brought the FBI, CIA, Customs, and "Thank God for the Bill of Rights, and testifying, under oath, at pre-trial State Department on board and won thank God for the American Civil Liber­ depositions. Finally, on August II, our their assent to the settlement, one of the ties Union." out-of-patience ACLU attorneys had attorneystelephoned Mark Lynch at the While we three plaintiffs helped to brought FBI Agent Charles Hickey to ACLU to say, with considerable embar­ constrain the government by generating Washington under subpoena. On that rassment, that the FBI was already worldwide publicity, the real heroes of very day, in the absence of Judge Penn under court order not to destroy any of this case are the ACLU attorneys, in­ (who was on vacation), four Justice law­ its records without the judge's permis­ cluding national staffcounsel Charles S. yers - citing the state secrets privilege sion and without clearance, as provided Sims, who slugged it out in the trenches - prevailed upon Judge Barrington D. by law, from the Archivist of the United with their official counterparts and ulti­ Parker, who was totally unfamiliar with States. mately forced them to the negotiating the case, to sign a Protective Order stay­ This time it was the Quakers who table. ing Hickey's scheduled deposition. were on the FBI's back. The American And a very special note of thanks is The government also petitioned for Friends Service Committee had obtained due to Nieman Curator James Thomson an in camera and ex parte hearing on that broad court injunction at a time, a for agreeing to the ACLU's request that the state secrets privilege (i.e., a hearing couple of years ago, when the FBI was the two news conferences be held, with in the judge's chambers from which our destroying documents in order to con­ all the helpful symbolism, on the attorneys would be excluded).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Crusader Monthll,J Nelijsletter
    THE CRUSADER MONTHLL,J NELIJSLETTER ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, EDITOR -IN EXILE- VoL . ~ - No. 9 MAY 1968 Afro-Americans & Slick John Kennedy Government of the United States is no government T~E of the Afro-Americans at all. The slick John Ken- nedy gang is operating one of the greatest sham govern- ment in the entire world. Afro-Americans and fair minded Od > ~- O THE wN«< /l~USL . lF Yov~Re EyER IN NE60, CALL ME AT whites must be gullible indeed to believe that the racist, KKK dominated so-called U.S. Government is concerned with the welfare and human rights of colored people. The colored people of the USA must bring themselves to realize that taken integration is a slick manuever to check the restlessness of an oppressed people fast becoming infect ed with the germ of total resistance policy developing among all of the oppressed peoples of the world. Token integration means nothing to the masses. Even an idiot should be able to see that so-called Token integration is no more than window dressing designed to lull the poor downtrodden Afro-American to sleep and to make the out side world think that the racist, savage USA is a fountainhead of social justice and democracy. The Afro-American in the USA is facing his greatest crisis since chattel slavery. All forms of violence and underhanded methods o.f extermination are being stepped up against our people. Contrary to what the "big daddies" and their "good nigras" would have us believe about all of the phoney progress they claim the race is making, the True status of the Afro-Ameri- can is s#eadily on the down turn.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Black Panther Party
    STERILIZATION-ANOTHER PARTOF THE PLAN OFBLACK GENOCIDE 10\~w- -~ ., ' ' . - _t;_--\ ~s,_~=r t . 0 . H·o~u~e. °SHI ~ TI-lE BLACK PANTI-lER, SATURDAY, MAY 8, 1971 PAGE 2 STERILIZATION-ANOTHER PART OF THE PLAN OF f;Jti~~~ oF-~dnl&r ., America's poor and minority peo- In 1964, in Mississippi a law was that u ••• • Even my maid said this should ple are the current subject for dis- passed that actually made it felony for be done. She's behind it lO0 percent." cussion in almost every state legis- anyone to become the parent of more When he (Bates) argued that one pur­ latur e in the country: Reagan in Cali- than one "illegitimate" child. Original- pose of the bill was to save the State fornia is reducing the alr eady subsis- ly, the bill carried a penalty stipu- money, it was pointed out that welfare tance aid given to families with children; lation that first offenders would be mothers in Tennessee are given a max­ O'Callaghan in Nevada has already com- sentenced to one to three years in the imum of $l5.00 a month for every child pletely cut off 3,000 poor families with State Penitentiary. Three to five years at home (Themaxim!,(,mwelfarepayment children. would be the sentence for subsequent in Tennesse, which is for a family of However, Tennessee is considering convictions. As an alternative to jail- five or more children, is $l6l.00 per dealing with "the problem" of families in~, women would have had the option of month.), and a minimum of $65.00 with "dependant children" by reducing being sterilized.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Power Movement. Part 2, the Papers of Robert F
    Cover: (Left) Robert F. Williams; (Upper right) from left: Edward S. “Pete” Williams, Robert F. Williams, John Herman Williams, and Dr. Albert E. Perry Jr. at an NAACP meeting in 1957, in Monroe, North Carolina; (Lower right) Mao Tse-tung presents Robert Williams with a “little red book.” All photos courtesy of John Herman Williams. A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and Sharon Harley The Black Power Movement Part 2: The Papers of Robert F. Williams Microfilmed from the Holdings of the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor Editorial Adviser Timothy B. Tyson Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Black power movement. Part 2, The papers of Robert F. Williams [microform] / editorial adviser, Timothy B. Tyson ; project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. 26 microfilm reels ; 35 mm.—(Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Daniel Lewis, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. Part 2, The papers of Robert F. Williams. ISBN 1-55655-867-8 1. African Americans—Civil rights—History—20th century—Sources. 2. Black power—United States—History—20th century—Sources. 3. Black nationalism— United States—History—20th century—Sources. 4. Williams, Robert Franklin, 1925— Archives. I. Title: Papers of Robert F. Williams.
    [Show full text]
  • Malcolm X and Christianity
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS MALCOLM X AND CHRISTIANITY FATHIE BIN ALI ABDAT (B. Arts, Hons) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2008 Acknowledgements I extend my sincerest gratitude first to the National University of Singapore (NUS) for granting me the Masters Research Scholarship that enabled me to carry out this undertaking. Also, my thanks go out to the librarians at various universities for assisting me track down countless number of primary and secondary sources that were literally scattered around the world. Without their tireless dedication and effort, this thesis would not have been feasible. The NUS library forked out a substantial sum of money purchasing dozens of books and journals for which I am grateful for. In New York, the friendly staff at Columbia University’s Butler Library, Union Theological Seminary’s Burke Library and Schomburg Centre for Research in Black Culture provided me access to newspaper articles, FBI files, rare books and archival materials that provided much content for my work. In Malaysia, the staff at the University of Malaya enabled me to browse through Za’aba’s extensive private collection that included the journal, Moslem World & the U.S.A. In the process of writing this thesis, I am indebted to various faculty members at the Department of History such as Assoc. Prof. Ian Gordon, Assoc. Prof. Michael Feener and Assoc. Prof. Thomas Dubois, who in one way or another, helped shape my ideas on Malcolm X’s intellectual beliefs and developed my skills as an apprentice historian.
    [Show full text]
  • Ft] Vi 7- E Replacement Budget Funding Statement of Understanding
    Tenured Faculty Enhancement Leave Program Application and Letter of Understanding Name: College: CftS Department: / iTtb S CLi -ftY S7 )iYTE5 Period of Leave Requested (select only one): Fall Semester si:gseitei'—--- Date of Initial Appointment at KSU: 12? Rank at Initial Appointment: RL' Effective Date of Tenure: Previous Leaves: Date: Date: Project Title: ft] vi 7- E Replacement Budget Funding Statement of Understanding We understand and agree to the following stipulations with respect to replacement funding for this faculty member's Leave: The faculty member will not receive additional funds during the semester of the leave, but they will continue to draw their usual salary. The department will hire part-time instructors to cover the faculty member's courses. The associated instructional replacement costs will come from the part-time faculty pool. If unique departmental circumstances necessitate a different financial arrangement (for instance, a limited-term full time hire) the chair should provide a justification in the box below. The financial request will be reviewed by Fiscal Affairs in addition to the selection committee substantive review, and it might impact the applicant's chances. Chair financial request and justification (only if part-time replacements are deemed inadequate): Ten tired Faculty Enhancement Leave Program Application and Letter of Understanding I agree to all terms and conditions outlined below: 1. I agree to return to KSU as a full-time faculty member for twelve months after completion of this Leave. If I resign or retire from KSU before the end of that year, I agree to reimburse KSU for the amount of compensation I received while on leave, as well as any other expenses paid for my benefit by KSU or its affiliated entities during the leave, including all benefit costs.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of the Naacp
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 16, Board of Directors File, 1956-1965 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 16, Board of Directors File, 1956-1965 Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Randolph Boehm A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 / editorial--[etc.]--pt. 19. Youth File. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- . II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-546-6 (microfilm: Supplement to pt. 16) Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Randolph, A. Phillip-HQ-1
    I^/.PS-OC'!'.-?.v, 12-UViU) DECLASSIFIED BY 60324 UC rBAW/DK/RYS ON 06-23-2009 Transmit the following j in \ Via TO DIRECTOR, FBI (100-149163) PROM / SAC, NEW YORK (100-23825) ApA\ SUBJECT BENJAMIN J. DAVIS, Jr. IS - C; SA »40; ISA « ^0 b2 CINAL pacifist connected w DAVIS and said then© tU) _iS2Mk^A jPHILlC-^ rnicn) the following day. 11U oa.l« BaJ . u ne naa raKen uo wirn X RUSTIN agreed to call DAVIS on Monday evening 9/8A8 h hi (II) ™ "^cause we-Je something.sol?hJn. » T*? ft,***,,* Ibo^to^uil oft He stated "weJU^e to get out of this trap we're>in> available,^ } li^^SUU^ ^\(^\y J0 /S> Bureau^ (100-149163) (RM) *HOT REOOltlSP- l^^ , U j»«* Ht - New York 100-46729 (BAYARD RUSTI^^)^®!! ^^^T ($7^ New 1 - York 100- (FELLOWSHIP OF RECONCILIATION) ,^-liY M/(7-3)2i l 1 - New York 100- (A. PHILIP^BAND6fef«>fl^5)^^ -«*><&? 1 - New York «Q.00-23825 V 'RER:mms (8) 33 3 / Exempt v:?r~ W" C^-rr*ry &L. Date of Decfcsaficaiion IndViiaate >? ,dhXJiS& &9SEP 1.7'IS 1?h- &Approved: Special Agent in Charge FD*36tRev. 12-13-56) t t F BI Date: Transmit the following in (Type in plain text or code) Via— (Priority or Method of Mailing) .!_. (U) NY 100-23825 RUSTIN said he wanted to bring DAVIS and "RANDOLPH" (probably A. PHILIP RANDOLPH) and a few others together to sit N*/ down and talk turkey "for the time has come to stop all this A^* b—— s—— • DAVIS stated that in connection with his campaign there was to be a big rally on Saturday (9/6/58) in front of the Hoter Theresa at 2:00 P.M.
    [Show full text]
  • A Burkeian Analysis of the Rhetoric of Malcolm X
    A BURKEIAN ANALYSIS OF THE RHETORIC OF MALCOLM X DURING THE LAST PHASE OF HIS LIFE, JUNE 1964--FEBRUARY 1965 APPROVED: AO/LLJL Chairman, Department o£ "Sceech and Drama Dean if the Graduate School Cadenhead, Evelyn, A Burkeian Analysis of the Rhetoric of Malcolm X During the Last Phase of His Life, June 1964- - February 1965. Master of Arts (Speech and Drama), May, 1972, 202 pp., bibliography, 72 titles. The purpose of the study has been to analyze the rhetoric of Malcolm X with Kenneth Burke's dramatistic pentad in order to gain a better understanding of Malcolm X's rhetorical strategies in providing answers to given situations. One speech, determined to be typical of Malcolm X during the last phase of his life, was chosen for the analysis. It was the speech delivered on December 20, 1964, during the visit of Mrs. Fannie Lou Hamer, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party candidate for the Senate. This study is divided into six chapters. Chapter I in- cludes a brief introduction to Malcolm X, the first contem- porary black revolutionary orator. It, too, establishes the justification for selecting one speech for analysis because it embodied the four philosophies Malcolm X advocated during his last year. Chapter I also introduces Kenneth Burke and his dramatistic pentad, with a separate explanation of the five terms of the pentad, act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. A glossary of Burkeian terns to be used throughout the study concludes Chapter I. Chapter II is divided into two parts. Part I is a Burkeian scene analysis; scene being the background out of which the speech arose.
    [Show full text]
  • Building a Black Bridge China’S Interaction with African-American Activists During the Cold War
    Building a Black Bridge China’s Interaction with African-American Activists during the Cold War ✣ Hongshan Li On 24 December 1956, William Worthy, a special correspondent for The Baltimore Afro-American, walked across the Luohu Bridge from Hong Kong. As he set his feet down in Shenzhen, a small town in Guangdong Province, he became the first U.S. journalist to enter the People’s Republic of China (PRC) under an official invitation from the Communist regime. Following Worthy’s example, many African-American activists, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Shirley Graham Du Bois, Robert F. Williams, Mabel Williams, Vicki Garvin, Huey Newton, and Elaine Brown, traveled to and even stayed for ex- tended periods in the PRC over the next decade-and-a-half. As special guests carefully chosen by Beijing, they toured both the cities and the countryside, delivered speeches at mass rallies, and had their writings published in Chi- nese. Once back in the United States, they appeared on television and radio shows, gave public talks, and published articles in journals and newspapers, sharing their experiences in and thoughts about the PRC. With all traditional diplomatic, commercial, and cultural ties between the two countries termi- nated, the visits of these African-American activists not only allowed Beijing to maintain a controlled flow of people and information across the Pacific, but also provided it with a new instrument to engage and challenge Washington on the cultural front in the Cold War. This close interaction between the PRC and a large number of African-American activists was unprecedented in the long history of Sino-American cultural exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • African-Americans in Boston : More Than 350 Years
    Boston Public Library REFERENCE BANKOF BOSTON This book has been made possible through the generosity of Bank of Boston \ African-Americans in Boston More Than 350 Years Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/africanamericansOOhayd_0 African-Americans in Boston: More Than 350 Years by Robert C. Hayden Foreword by Joyce Ferriabough Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Boston, 1991 African-Americans in Boston: More Than 350 Years Written by Robert C. Hayden Conceived and coordinated by Joyce Ferriabough Designed by Richard Zonghi, who also coordinated production Edited by Jane Manthome Co-edited by Joyce Ferriabough, Berthe M. Gaines, C. Kelley, assisted by Frances Barna Funded in part by Bank of Boston PubUshed by Trustees of the Boston PubHc Library Typeset by Thomas Todd Company Printed by Mercantile Printing Company Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following individuals and organizations for use of the illustrations on the pages cited: T. J. Anderson (74); Associated Press Wirephoto (42 bottom, 43, 98 left, 117); Fabian Bachrach (24, 116); Bob Backoff (27 left); Banner Photo (137); Charles D. Bonner (147 left); Boston African-American Historic Site, National Park Service (38, 77, 105 right); The Boston Athenaeum (18, 35 top, 47 top, 123, 130); Boston Globe (160); Boston Housing Authority (99); Boston Red Sox (161); Boston University News Service (119 right, 133); Margaret Bumham (110); John Bynoe (26); Julian Carpenter (153); Dance Umbrella (71); Mary Frye (147 right); S. C. Fuller, Jr. (142 right); Robert Gamett (145 left); Artis Graham (86); Calvin Grimes, Jr. (84); James Guilford (83); Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Power Movement, Part 3: Papers of the Revolutionary Action Movement, 1962–1996
    A UPA Collection from Cover: Muhammad Ahmad (Max Stanford), founder and national field chairman of RAM. Photo courtesy of Muhammad Ahmad. BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr., and Sharon Harley The Black Power Movement Part 3: Papers of the Revolutionary Action Movement, 1962–1996 Editorial Advisers Muhammad Ahmad, Ernie Allen, Jr., and John H. Bracey, Jr. Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide compiled by Daniel Lewis A UPA Collection from 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Black power movement. Part 3, Papers of the Revolutionary Action Movement, 1962–1996 [microform] / editorial advisers, Muhammad Ahmad, Ernie Allen, and John H. Bracey; project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. microfilm reels.—(Black studies research sources) Accompanied by a printed guide, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the Black power movement. Part 3, Papers of the Revolutionary Action Movement, 1962–1996. Summary: Reproduces the writings and correspondence of Muhammad Ahmad (Max Stanford); RAM internal documents; records on allied organizations, including African Peoples Party, Black Liberation Army, Black Panther Party, Black United Front, Black Workers Congress, Institute of Black Studies, League of Revolutionary Black Workers, Republic of New Africa, and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee; rare serial publications, including Black America, Soulbook, Unity and Struggle, Black Vanguard, Crossroads, and Jihad News; and, government documents such as the FBI file on Max Stanford, testimony about RAM’s role in the urban rebellions, and subject files covering key leaders associated with RAM including Malcolm X, Robert F.
    [Show full text]
  • Seeing Shadows: FBI Surveillance, Gender, and Black Women Activists Kiara Sample Washington University in St
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Senior Honors Papers / Undergraduate Theses Undergraduate Research Spring 2018 Seeing Shadows: FBI Surveillance, Gender, and Black Women Activists Kiara Sample Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/undergrad_etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Sample, Kiara, "Seeing Shadows: FBI Surveillance, Gender, and Black Women Activists" (2018). Senior Honors Papers / Undergraduate Theses. 7. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/undergrad_etd/7 This Unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Papers / Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Seeing Shadows: FBI Surveillance, Gender, and Black Women Activists Kiara Sample April 7, 2018 Washington University in St. Louis 2 INTRODUCTION On the morning of May 14, 1958 two New York City Police detectives, Joseph Kiernan and Michael Bonura,1 knocked on the door of 25-46 99th Street, the duplex of Betty Shabazz and Malcom X in Queens, New York.2 Yvonne X Molette lived on the ground floor of the duplex with her sister, Audrey X Rice, her younger 13-year old sister, and her husband John X Molette. Yvonne Molette answered the door when the detectives requested a “Mrs. Margaret Dorsey,” and when Yvonne Molette told them a Margaret Dorsey did not reside in the duplex, the agents asked to come into the home and look around.
    [Show full text]