DOCSLIB.ORG

The Citation Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Citation Culture The Citation Culture Paul Wouters The Citation Culture ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. J. J. M. Franse ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op dinsdag 9 maart 1999, te 15.00 uur door Paulus Franciscus Wouters geboren te Amsterdam i Voor Thomas en Marije In herinnering aan Jan ii Promotor: prof. dr. S. S. Blume Co-promotor: dr. R. P. Hagendijk Faculteit der Scheikunde c Paul Wouters Contents Voorwoord ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction ................................ 1 1.2 Citingcultures............................... 2 1.3 Unintended consequences of being cited . 3 1.4 An objective representation of science . 5 1.4.1 Representation . 5 1.4.2 The SCI .............................. 5 1.5 The quest for a citation theory . 8 1.6 The reference and the citation . 10 1.7 The citation representation of science . 12 1.8 Representing scientometrics . 14 2 The creation of the Science Citation Index 17 2.1 Mixedreception.............................. 17 2.2 Enthusiasm for citation . 22 2.2.1 Shepard’s . 22 2.2.2 Adair . 23 2.2.3 Computers . 26 2.2.4 Patents . 29 2.3 The citation introduced to science . 30 2.3.1 Science ............................... 30 2.3.2 Propaganda . 32 2.3.3 Allen . 34 2.3.4 A World Brain . 38 2.3.5 Lederberg . 39 2.3.6 Re-establishing communication . 41 2.3.7 Growing support . 46 2.3.8 Delay . 47 2.3.9 Submission . 49 2.3.10 The genetics proposals . 53 2.3.11 Convincing NSF and NIH . 55 iii CONTENTS iv 3 The building of the Science Citation Index 59 3.1 Buildingtheindex ............................ 59 3.1.1 Political design . 59 3.1.2 Technical design . 70 3.2 Translating the citation concept . 73 3.2.1 Automation . 73 3.2.2 Comprehensiveness . 74 3.2.3 The information crisis . 75 3.2.4 Computers . 77 3.2.5 Innovative outsiders . 77 3.2.6 Success as well as failure . 77 4 The science of science 79 4.1 Welcoming the SCI ............................ 79 4.2 Roots .................................... 82 4.3 The science of science in Russia, the Ukraine, and the Soviet Union 84 4.3.1 Naukovedeniye . 84 4.3.2 Naukometria . 87 4.3.3 The Moscow branch . 87 4.3.4 The Kiev branch . 91 4.3.5 Two different styles . 93 4.4 Westernscienceofscience . 93 4.5 “Please reply with more data” . 96 4.6 The citation sociologically used . 97 4.7 The citation sociologically explained . 103 5 The signs of science 107 5.1 Introduction . 107 5.2 Basic properties of the citation . 108 5.3 Producing citations . 110 5.3.1 The quality of the reference . 111 5.3.2 The selection of reference . 112 5.3.3 The integrity of the inversion . 114 5.4 Building upon the citation . 115 5.4.1 The Price Index . 115 5.4.2 The Impact Factor . 115 5.4.3 Co-citation clustering . 116 5.4.4 Normalization procedures . 123 5.5 Other signs of science: co-word analysis . 126 5.6 A maze of indicators . 128 6 Rating science 131 6.1 Introduction . 131 6.2 Early Dutch science policy . 135 6.3 Scientometrics within a funding body . 137 6.4 Emerging Dutch science studies . 139 6.5 Science studies for policy . 141 CONTENTS v 6.6 Indicators for policy . 143 6.6.1 Research evaluation explored . 144 6.6.2 The RAWB medical research project . 146 6.6.3 RAWB’s indicator policy . 160 6.6.4 Ministerial support for an observatory . 163 7 Scientometrics 167 7.1 Introduction . 167 7.2 Collection and organization of the data . 168 7.3 General features . 169 7.4 Has Price’s dream come true? . 172 7.4.1 Method . 172 7.4.2 Results . 174 7.5 Who’s Who in scientometrics? . 177 7.6 Does scientometrics have its own identity? . 177 7.6.1 Method . 177 7.6.2 Results . 181 7.7 What is scientometrics’ position? . 191 7.8 Has scientometrics developed a specific language? . 192 7.8.1 Method . 192 7.8.2 Results . 192 7.9 Conclusion . 193 8 Representing science 195 8.1 Introduction . 195 8.2 Summary of the results so far . 195 8.3 A hybrid specialty . 198 8.4 Indicators as translators . 198 8.4.1 Science as an information cycle . 198 8.4.2 Interactions between the cycles . 202 8.4.3 Credibility cycles . 204 8.4.4 Implications of the citation cycle . 204 8.5 Paradigmatic versus formalized representations . 206 8.5.1 Two representational domains . 206 8.5.2 Two concepts of information . 207 8.6 Indicator theories . 210 8.7 The rise of the formalized . 212 Samenvatting 215 ISI Press Release 219 The Weinberg report on citation indexing 221 Note on archives and interviews 222 .1 Archives ..................................222 .2 Interviews .................................222 CONTENTS vi Listings of PERL software used in this thesis 223 .1 .......................................223 .2 .......................................225 .3 .......................................227 .4 .......................................228 .5 .......................................229 .6 .......................................232 .7 .......................................232 .8 .......................................233 .9 .......................................236 .10 . 239 .11 .......................................240 .12 . 242 .13 . 246 .14 . 247 .15 . 248 .16 . 251 .17 . 251 .18 . 252 .19 . 254 .20 . 255 .21 . 260 List of Figures 2.1 The citation index example Garfield presented in Science. 32 2.2 Gordon Allen’s citation network as depicted in Garfield (1960a). The circled numbers represent published articles. The arrows indi- cate citing relations, pointing from the citing to the cited document. 54 2.3 First lines of the example of the actual appearance of a printed SCI as included in the proposals to NIH and NSF. 55 3.1 Lederberg’s SCITEL proposal. 68 7.1 The number of publications per year. 170 7.2 The number of publications per author in relation to the number of authors.................................... 170 7.3 The number of publications per institution in relation to the num- berofinstitutions.............................. 171 7.4 The number of citations in relation to the number of cited authors. 171 7.5 The number of authors in relation to the number of articles. 172 7.6 The number of co-publishing institutions in relation to the number ofarticles. ................................. 173 7.7 The value of the Price Index per year, Price’s method . 175 7.8 The distribution of the Price Index over the articles, Moed’s method 176 7.9 The age of cited articles relative to their citing articles in relation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • B BOOM099 Parlementaire Geschiedenis 2014 Binnenwerk.Indd
    Jaarboek Parlementaire Geschiedenis 2014 Het geld regeert Redactie: Carla van Baalen Hans Goslinga Alexander van Kessel Jan Ramakers Hilde Reiding Jouke Turpijn Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis Nijmegen Boom – Amsterdam B_BOOM099 parlementaire geschiedenis 2014 binnenwerk.indd 3 28-10-14 16:29 Foto omslag: Minister van Financiën, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, op weg van het ministerie van Algemene Zaken om de begroting aan te bieden aan de Tweede Kamer, 17 september 2013. [Foto: anp/Evert-Jan Daniëls] Vormgeving: Boekhorst design, Culemborg © 2014 Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis, Nijmegen Behoudens de in of krachtens de Auteurswet van 1912 gestelde uitzonderingen mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch door fotokopieën, opnamen of enig andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. No part of this book may be reproduced in any way whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher. isbn 978 90 8953 374 6 nur 680 www.uitgeverijboom.nl B_BOOM099 parlementaire geschiedenis 2014 binnenwerk.indd 4 28-10-14 16:29 Inhoud Ten geleide 7 Artikelen Arjo Klamer en Paul Teule, Van kwantiteit naar kwaliteit. Hoe één enkel cijfer zo 13 machtig werd en wat de politiek daaraan moet doen Peter van Griensven en Johan van Merriënboer, De vinger aan de pols. Parlement en 23 begrotingsrecht 1814-2014 Christianne Smit, Van ‘de hatelijkste aller belastingen’ tot een ‘daad van 35 rechtvaardigheid’. De strijd om een inkomstenbelasting in Nederland, 1842-1893 Eric Janse de Jonge, Het budgetrecht in de Verenigde Staten, Engeland en Nederland. 45 Betekenis en actuele stand van zaken Hilde Reiding, Compromis en confrontatie.
    [Show full text]
  • Jo Ritzen IZA Policy Paper No.44 Can Theuniversitysaveeurope? of Labor Institute for Thestudy Zur Zukunft Der Arbeit Forschungsinstitut
    IZA Policy Paper No. 44 Can the University Save Europe? Jo Ritzen P O L I C Y P A P E R S I P A P Y I C O L P July 2012 Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit Institute for the Study of Labor Can the University Save Europe? Jo Ritzen Maastricht University and IZA Policy Paper No. 44 July 2012 IZA P.O. Box 7240 53072 Bonn Germany Phone: +49-228-3894-0 Fax: +49-228-3894-180 E-mail: [email protected] The IZA Policy Paper Series publishes work by IZA staff and network members with immediate relevance for policymakers. Any opinions and views on policy expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of IZA. The papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the corresponding author. IZA Policy Paper No. 44 July 2012 ABSTRACT * Can the University Save Europe? Higher education is in the position to save Europe by rendering a substantial contribution to sustainable economic growth. For that purpose higher education must strengthen its innovative power in entrepreneurship education and by focusing research more on societal problems, while being better empowered and enabled by Governments. Universities must show leadership in resolving or channeling the major societal questions. More European competition between universities in education and research would be helpful. Universities can contribute to recreating hope and optimism through more innovation in the economy. JEL Classification: D31, F55, I22, I23, I24, I25, I28, J24, O31, O47, O52 Keywords: hope, attitudes, Europe, economic growth, higher education, labor market, innovation, competition Corresponding author: Jo Ritzen Keizer Karelplein 19 6211 TC Maastricht The Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] * Jo Ritzen is former minister of education, former vice president of the Human Development Network at the World Bank and former president of Maastricht University.
    [Show full text]
  • HORSES, KENTUCKY DERBY (1875-2019) Kentucky Derby
    HORSES, KENTUCKY DERBY (1875-2019) Kentucky Derby Winners, Alphabetically (1875-2019) HORSE YEAR HORSE YEAR Affirmed 1978 Kauai King 1966 Agile 1905 Kingman 1891 Alan-a-Dale 1902 Lawrin 1938 Always Dreaming 2017 Leonatus 1883 Alysheba 1987 Lieut. Gibson 1900 American Pharoah 2015 Lil E. Tee 1992 Animal Kingdom 2011 Lookout 1893 Apollo (g) 1882 Lord Murphy 1879 Aristides 1875 Lucky Debonair 1965 Assault 1946 Macbeth II (g) 1888 Azra 1892 Majestic Prince 1969 Baden-Baden 1877 Manuel 1899 Barbaro 2006 Meridian 1911 Behave Yourself 1921 Middleground 1950 Ben Ali 1886 Mine That Bird 2009 Ben Brush 1896 Monarchos 2001 Big Brown 2008 Montrose 1887 Black Gold 1924 Morvich 1922 Bold Forbes 1976 Needles 1956 Bold Venture 1936 Northern Dancer-CAN 1964 Brokers Tip 1933 Nyquist 2016 Bubbling Over 1926 Old Rosebud (g) 1914 Buchanan 1884 Omaha 1935 Burgoo King 1932 Omar Khayyam-GB 1917 California Chrome 2014 Orb 2013 Cannonade 1974 Paul Jones (g) 1920 Canonero II 1971 Pensive 1944 Carry Back 1961 Pink Star 1907 Cavalcade 1934 Plaudit 1898 Chant 1894 Pleasant Colony 1981 Charismatic 1999 Ponder 1949 Chateaugay 1963 Proud Clarion 1967 Citation 1948 Real Quiet 1998 Clyde Van Dusen (g) 1929 Regret (f) 1915 Count Fleet 1943 Reigh Count 1928 Count Turf 1951 Riley 1890 Country House 2019 Riva Ridge 1972 Dark Star 1953 Sea Hero 1993 Day Star 1878 Seattle Slew 1977 Decidedly 1962 Secretariat 1973 Determine 1954 Shut Out 1942 Donau 1910 Silver Charm 1997 Donerail 1913 Sir Barton 1919 Dust Commander 1970 Sir Huon 1906 Elwood 1904 Smarty Jones 2004 Exterminator
    [Show full text]
  • European Universities in the Aftermath of the Economic Crisis
    INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION Number 87: Fall 2016 3 al search for talent, and position themselves beyond their sions as a result of it. The road ahead is an arduous one, own borders. The Bologna Process offered a framework for but a European Higher Education Area without the United shared solutions to shared problems. Kingdom would be everybody’s loss. While it was hailed as a landmark reform, achieving in only 10 years what many national governments had failed to achieve in several decades, the Bologna Process did not evolve along equal paths in the different countries and in- stitutions, and there was significant variation in the pace of change and degree of success in implementation of the European Universities in the action lines. These trends were magnified by the even faster pace of globalization that was creating previously unknown Aftermath of the Economic levels of instability and volatility in the economic and politi- Crisis cal environments of the different EU member states, even though the universities themselves were firm believers in— Jo Ritzen and strong benefiters of—European cooperation. Jo Ritzen is professor of international economics of science, technology, and higher education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Nether- A key question raised is whether the lands. E-mail: [email protected]. British exit from the European Union fter a seven-year period, the economic crisis seemed to (EU) will also lead to a brain exit from Abe over in 2015: economic growth was picking up again the United Kingdom. in most European Union (EU) countries. During the crisis, economic growth fell, fewer taxes were collected, banks were rescued with public money, government debt levels rose and How Do We Move Forward? (youth) unemployment increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Governor Andrew M. Cuomo to Proclaim MEMORIALIZING June 5
    Assembly Resolution No. 347 BY: M. of A. Solages MEMORIALIZING Governor Andrew M. Cuomo to proclaim June 5, 2021, as Belmont Stakes Day in the State of New York, and commending the New York Racing Association upon the occasion of the 152nd running of the Belmont Stakes WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is one of the most important sporting events in New York State; it is the conclusion of thoroughbred racing's prestigious three-contest Triple Crown; and WHEREAS, Preceded by the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, the Belmont Stakes is nicknamed the "Test of the Champion" due to its grueling mile and a half distance; and WHEREAS, The Triple Crown has only been completed 12 times; the 12 horses to accomplish this historic feat are: Sir Barton, 1919; Gallant Fox, 1930; Omaha, 1935; War Admiral, 1937; Whirlaway, 1941; Count Fleet, 1943; Assault, 1946; Citation, 1948; Secretariat, 1973; Seattle Slew, 1977; Affirmed, 1978; and American Pharoah, 2015; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes has drawn some of the largest sporting event crowds in New York history, including 120,139 people for the 2004 running of the race; and WHEREAS, This historic event draws tens of thousands of horse racing fans annually to Belmont Park and generates millions of dollars for New York State's economy; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is shown to a national television audience of millions of people on network television; and WHEREAS, The Belmont Stakes is named after August Belmont I, a financier who made a fortune in banking in the middle to late 1800s; he also branched out
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present and Future Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present and Future Alison Cathles
    Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present and Future and Skills: Past, Educational Pathways Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present and Future Alison Cathles 223 UNU MERIT MGS o G Alison Cathles 2019 Alison Cathles Cover v0.indd 1-3 29-3-2019 09:45:29 Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present, and Future DISSERTATION to obtain the degree of Doctor at the Maastricht University, on the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr. Rianne M. Letschert, in accordance with the decision of the Board of Deans, to be defended in public on Wednesday, 17 April 2019, at 14:00 hours by Alison Cathles Author: Alison Cathles Illustration cover: Melanie Waidler Layout and printing: Proefschriftmaken ISBN: 978-94-6380-434-9 Educational Pathways and Skills: Past, Present, and Future by Alison Cathles Supervisors Prof. Dr. Jo Ritzen (Promoter) Prof. Dr. Adam Szirmai Assessment Committee Prof. Dr. Bart Verspagen (Chair) Dr. Elena Arias Ortiz (Education Specialist, IDB) Prof. Dr. Joop Hartog (Emeritus Professor of Economics at Amsterdam University) Prof. Dr. Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink Prof. Dr. Rolf van der Velden Dr. Stéphan Vincent-Lancrin (Senior Analyst, OECD) Acknowledgements The path that led to and through my PhD was a non-linear one. Along my path I was influenced by a series of people to whom I am forever grateful. My two supervisors formed an excellent team. Prof. Jo Ritzen, my promoter, is someone who I believe is an academic entrepreneur. He is enthusiastically supportive of new ideas, but always seems to have a back-up card to play if an idea does not blossom according to expectation.
    [Show full text]
  • Champion Maker
    MAKER CHAMPION The Toyota Blue Grass Stakes has shaped the careers of many notable Thoroughbreds 48 SPRING 2016 K KEENELAND.COM Below, the field breaks for the 2015 Toyota Blue Grass Stakes; bottom, Street Sense (center) loses a close 2007 running. MAKER Caption for photo goes here CHAMPION KEENELAND.COM K SPRING 2016 49 RICK SAMUELS (BREAK), ANNE M. EBERHARDT CHAMPION MAKER 1979 TOBY MILT Spectacular Bid dominated in the 1979 Blue Grass Stakes before taking the Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes. By Jennie Rees arl Nafzger’s short list of races he most send the Keeneland yearling sales into the stratosphere. But to passionately wanted to win during his Hall show the depth of the Blue Grass, consider the dozen 3-year- of Fame training career included Keeneland’s olds that lost the Blue Grass before wearing the roses: Nafzger’s Toyota Blue Grass Stakes. two champions are joined by the likes of 1941 Triple Crown C winner Whirlaway and former record-money earner Alysheba Instead, with his active trainer days winding down, he has had to (disqualified from first to third in the 1987 Blue Grass). settle for a pair of Kentucky Derby victories launched by the Toyota Then there are the Blue Grass winners that were tripped Blue Grass. Three weeks before they entrenched their names in his- up in the Derby for their legendary owners but are ensconced tory at Churchill Downs, Unbridled finished third in the 1990 Derby in racing lore and as stallions, including Calumet Farm’s Bull prep race, and in 2007 Street Sense lost it by a nose.
    [Show full text]
  • Sectoral Cognitive Skills, R&D, and Productivity
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 10457 Sectoral Cognitive Skills, R&D, and Productivity: A Cross-Country Cross-Sector Analysis Simone Sasso Jo Ritzen DECEMBER 2016 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 10457 Sectoral Cognitive Skills, R&D, and Productivity: A Cross-Country Cross-Sector Analysis Simone Sasso UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University Jo Ritzen IZA and UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University DECEMBER 2016 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 10457 DECEMBER 2016 ABSTRACT Sectoral Cognitive Skills, R&D, and Productivity: A Cross-Country Cross-Sector Analysis1 We focus on human capital measured by education outcomes (skills) and establish the relationship between human capital, R&D investments, and productivity across 12 OECD economies and 17 manufacturing and service industries.
    [Show full text]
  • William Easterly's the Elusive Quest for Growth
    The Elusive Quest for Growth Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics William Easterly The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 0 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Lyrics from ”God Bless the Child,” Arthur Herzog, Jr., Billie Holiday 0 1941, Edward B. Marks Music Company.Copyright renewed. Used by permission. All rights reserved. This book was set in Palatino by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong, in ’3B2’ Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Easterly, William. The elusive quest for growth :economists’ adventures and misadventures in the tropics /William Easterly. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-05065-X (hc. :alk. paper) 1. Poor-Developing countries. 2. Poverty-Developing countries. 3. Developing countries-Economic policy. I. Title. HC59.72.P6 E172001 338.9’009172’4-dc21 00-068382 To Debbie, Rachel, Caleb, and Grace This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Prologue: The Quest xi I Why Growth Matters 1 1 To Help the Poor 5 Intermezzo: In Search of a River 16 I1 Panaceas That Failed 21 2 Aid for Investment 25 Zntermezzo: Parmila 45 3 Solow’s Surprise: Investment Is Not the Key to Growth 47 Intermezzo: DryCornstalks 70 4 Educated for What? 71 Intermezzo: Withouta
    [Show full text]
  • A Theological Reading of the Gideon-Abimelech Narrative
    YAHWEH vERsus BAALISM A THEOLOGICAL READING OF THE GIDEON-ABIMELECH NARRATIVE WOLFGANG BLUEDORN A thesis submitted to Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education in accordance with the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts & Humanities April 1999 ABSTRACT This study attemptsto describethe contribution of the Abimelech narrative for the theologyof Judges.It is claimedthat the Gideonnarrative and the Abimelechnarrative need to be viewed as one narrative that focuseson the demonstrationof YHWH'S superiority over Baalism, and that the deliverance from the Midianites in the Gideon narrative, Abimelech's kingship, and the theme of retribution in the Abimelech narrative serve as the tangible matter by which the abstracttheological theme becomesnarratable. The introduction to the Gideon narrative, which focuses on Israel's idolatry in a previously unparalleled way in Judges,anticipates a theological narrative to demonstrate that YHWH is god. YHwH's prophet defines the general theological background and theme for the narrative by accusing Israel of having abandonedYHwH despite his deeds in their history and having worshipped foreign gods instead. YHWH calls Gideon to demolish the idolatrous objects of Baalism in response, so that Baalism becomes an example of any idolatrous cult. Joash as the representativeof Baalism specifies the defined theme by proposing that whichever god demonstrateshis divine power shall be recognised as god. The following episodesof the battle against the Midianites contrast Gideon's inadequateresources with his selfish attempt to be honoured for the victory, assignthe victory to YHWH,who remains in control and who thus demonstrateshis divine power, and show that Baal is not presentin the narrative.
    [Show full text]
  • Preakness Stakes .Fifty-Three Fillies Have Competed in the Preakness with Start in 1873: Rfive Crossing the Line First The
    THE PREAKNESS Table of Contents (Preakness Section) History . .P-3 All-Time Starters . P-31. Owners . P-41 Trainers . P-45 Jockeys . P-55 Preakness Charts . P-63. Triple Crown . P-91. PREAKNESS HISTORY PREAKNESS FACTS & FIGURES RIDING & SADDLING: WOMEN & THE MIDDLE JEWEL: wo people have ridden and sad- dled Preakness winners . Louis J . RIDERS: Schaefer won the 1929 Preakness Patricia Cooksey 1985 Tajawa 6th T Andrea Seefeldt 1994 Looming 7th aboard Dr . Freeland and in 1939, ten years later saddled Challedon to victory . Rosie Napravnik 2013 Mylute 3rd John Longden duplicated the feat, win- TRAINERS: ning the 1943 Preakness astride Count Judy Johnson 1968 Sir Beau 7th Fleet and saddling Majestic Prince, the Judith Zouck 1980 Samoyed 6th victor in 1969 . Nancy Heil 1990 Fighting Notion 5th Shelly Riley 1992 Casual Lies 3rd AFRICAN-AMERICAN Dean Gaudet 1992 Speakerphone 14th RIDERS: Penny Lewis 1993 Hegar 9th Cynthia Reese 1996 In Contention 6th even African-American riders have Jean Rofe 1998 Silver’s Prospect 10th had Preakness mounts, including Jennifer Pederson 2001 Griffinite 5th two who visited the winners’ circle . S 2003 New York Hero 6th George “Spider” Anderson won the 1889 Preakness aboard Buddhist .Willie Simms 2004 Song of the Sword 9th had two mounts, including a victory in Nancy Alberts 2002 Magic Weisner 2nd the 1898 Preakness with Sly Fox “Pike”. Lisa Lewis 2003 Kissin Saint 10th Barnes was second with Philosophy in Kristin Mulhall 2004 Imperialism 5th 1890, while the third and fourth place Linda Albert 2004 Water Cannon 10th finishers in the 1896 Preakness were Kathy Ritvo 2011 Mucho Macho Man 6th ridden by African-Americans (Alonzo Clayton—3rd with Intermission & Tony Note: Penny Lewis is the mother of Lisa Lewis Hamilton—4th on Cassette) .The final two to ride in the middle jewel are Wayne Barnett (Sparrowvon, 8th in 1985) and MARYLAND MY Kevin Krigger (Goldencents, 5th in 2013) .
    [Show full text]
  • Kentucky Derby Winners Vs. Kentucky Derby Winners
    KENTUCKY DERBY WINNERS VS. KENTUCKY DERBY WINNERS Winners of the Kentucky Derby have faced each other 43 times. The races have occurred 17 times in New York, nine in California, nine in Maryland, six in Kentucky, one in Illinois and one in Canada. Derby winners have run 1-2 on 12 occasions. The older Derby winner has prevailed 24 times. Three Kentucky Derby winners have been pitted against one another twice, including a 1-2-3 finish in the 1918 Bowie Handicap at Pimlico by George Smith, Omar Khayyam and Exterminator. Exterminator raced against Derby winners 15 times and finished ahead of his rose-bearing rivals nine times. His chief competitor was Paul Jones, who he beat in seven of 10 races while carrying more weight in each affair. Date Track Race Distance Derby Winner (Age, Weight) Finish Derby Winner (Age, Weight) Finish Nov. 2, 1991 Churchill Downs Breeders’ Cup Classic 1 ¼ M Unbridled (4, 126) 3rd Strike the Gold (3, 122) 5th June 26, 1988 Hollywood Park Hollywood Gold Cup H. 1 ¼ M Alysheba (4,126) 2nd Ferdinand (5, 125) 3rd April 17, 1988 Santa Anita San Bernardino H. 1 1/8 M Alysheba (4, 127) 1st Ferdinand (5, 127) 2nd March 6, 1988 Santa Anita Santa Anita H. 1 ¼ M Alysheba (4, 126) 1st Ferdinand (5, 127) 2nd Nov. 21, 1987 Hollywood Park Breeders’ Cup Classic 1 ¼ M Ferdinand (4, 126) 1st Alysheba (3, 122) 2nd Oct. 6, 1979 Belmont Park Jockey Club Gold Cup 1 ½ M Affirmed (4, 126) 1st Spectacular Bid (3, 121) 2nd Oct. 14, 1978 Belmont Park Jockey Club Gold Cup 1 ½ M Seattle Slew (4, 126) 2nd Affirmed (3, 121) 5th Sept.
    [Show full text]