xSub: Actor Dictionaries Codebook

Center for Political Studies, University of Michigan Yuri M. Zhukov, Christian Davenport, & Nadiya Kostyuk February 25, 2018

Contents

1 Coding Rules 10

2 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Africa 11 2.1 Algeria (1997-2016)...... 12 2.2 Angola (1997-2016)...... 13 2.3 Benin (1997-2016)...... 13 2.4 Botswana (1997-2016)...... 14 2.5 Burkina Faso (1997-2016)...... 15 2.6 Burundi (1997-2016)...... 17 2.7 Cameroon (1997-2016)...... 19 2.8 Central African Republic...... 21 2.9 Chad (1997-2016)...... 24 2.10 Cote d’Ivoire (1997-2016)...... 26 2.11 Democratic Republic of Congo (1997-2016)...... 27 2.12 Djibouti (1997-2016)...... 31 2.13 Egypt (1997-2016)...... 32 2.14 Eritrea (1997-2016)...... 33 2.15 Ethiopia (1997-2016)...... 35 2.16 Gabon (1997-2016)...... 36 2.17 Gambia (1997-2016)...... 36 2.18 Ghana (1997-2016)...... 37 2.19 Guinea (1997-2016)...... 38 2.20 Guinea-Bissau (1997-2016)...... 39 2.21 Equatorial Guinea (1997-2016)...... 39 2.22 Kenya (1997-2016)...... 40 2.23 Lesotho (1997-2016)...... 43 2.24 Liberia (1997-2016)...... 44 2.25 Libya (1997-2016)...... 46 2.26 Madagascar (1997-2016)...... 48 2.27 Malawi (1997-2016)...... 48 2.28 Mali (1997-2016)...... 50 Actor Dictionaries xSub

2.29 Mauritania (1997-2016)...... 51 2.30 Morocco (1997-2016)...... 52 2.31 Mozambique (1997-2016)...... 53 2.32 Namibia (1997-2016)...... 53 2.33 Niger (1997-2016)...... 54 2.34 Nigeria (1997-2016)...... 56 2.35 Republic of Congo (1997-2016)...... 62 2.36 Rwanda (1997-2016)...... 63 2.37 Senegal (1997-2016)...... 64 2.38 Sierra Leone (1997-2016)...... 65 2.39 Somalia (1997-2016)...... 66 2.40 South Africa (1997-2016)...... 77 2.41 South Sudan (1997-2016)...... 80 2.42 Sudan (1997-2016)...... 85 2.43 Swaziland (1997-2016)...... 89 2.44 Tanzania (1997-2016)...... 91 2.45 Togo (1997-2016)...... 92 2.46 Tunisia (1997-2016)...... 93 2.47 Uganda (1997-2016)...... 95 2.48 Zambia (1997-2016)...... 97 2.49 Zimbabwe (1997-2016)...... 98

3 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Asia 99 3.1 Bangladesh (January 2015-January 2017)...... 100 3.2 Cambodia (January 2015- January 2017)...... 102 3.3 India (January 2015-January 2017)...... 104 3.4 Laos (January 2015-January 2017)...... 107 3.5 Myanmar (January 2015-January 2017)...... 107 3.6 Nepal (January 2015-January 2017)...... 108 3.7 Pakistan (January 2015-January 2017)...... 108 3.8 Sri Lanka (January 2015-January 2017)...... 109 3.9 Thailand (January 2015-January 2017)...... 109 3.10 Viet Nam (January 2015-January 2017)...... 109

4 Uppsala Conflict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) 110 4.1 Afghanistan (1989-2014)...... 111 4.2 Algeria (1990-2013)...... 111 4.3 Angola (1989-2014)...... 111 4.4 Argentina (1992-1992)...... 112 4.5 Bahrain (2011-2011)...... 112 4.6 Bangladesh (1989-2014)...... 112 4.7 Bhutan (1997-2004)...... 112 4.8 Botswana (1990-2090)...... 112

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4.9 Burundi (1991-2014)...... 113 4.10 Cambodia (1989-2012)...... 113 4.11 Cameroon (1990-2014)...... 113 4.12 Central African Republic (2001-2014)...... 113 4.13 Chad (1989-2014)...... 114 4.14 China (1989-2009)...... 114 4.15 Comoros (1989-1997)...... 114 4.16 Cote d’Ivoire (1990-2012)...... 115 4.17 Democratic Republic of the Congo (1989-2014)...... 116 4.18 Djibouti (1989-2014)...... 117 4.19 Egypt (1990-2014)...... 117 4.20 Eritrea (1993-2003)...... 117 4.21 Ethiopia (1989-2014)...... 118 4.22 France (1992-2012)...... 118 4.23 Germany (1992-1992)...... 119 4.24 Ghana (1991-2010)...... 119 4.25 Guinea (1994-2011)...... 119 4.26 Guinea-Bissau (1992-2000)...... 119 4.27 India (1989-2014)...... 120 4.28 Indonesia (1989-2011)...... 120 4.29 Iran (1990-2014)...... 121 4.30 Iraq (1990-2014)...... 121 4.31 Israel (1989-2014)...... 121 4.32 Italy (1993-1993)...... 121 4.33 Jordan (1992-2005)...... 122 4.34 Kenya (1989-2014)...... 122 4.35 Kuwait (1990-1996)...... 122 4.36 Kyrgyzstan (1999-2010)...... 123 4.37 Laos (1989-2006)...... 123 4.38 Lebanon (1989-2014)...... 123 4.39 Lesotho (1998-1998)...... 123 4.40 Liberia (1989-2003)...... 124 4.41 Libya (2011-2014)...... 124 4.42 Madagascar (2002-2012)...... 124 4.43 Mali (1990-2014)...... 125 4.44 Malaysia (2013-2013)...... 125 4.45 Mauritania (1989-2012)...... 125 4.46 Morocco (1989-2003)...... 125 4.47 Mozambique (1989-2014)...... 125 4.48 Myanmar (1989-2014)...... 126 4.49 Namibia (1989-2002)...... 126 4.50 Nepal (1990-2009)...... 126

3 Actor Dictionaries xSub

4.51 Niger (1989-2013)...... 126 4.52 Nigeria (1990-2014)...... 127 4.53 Pakistan (1989-2014)...... 128 4.54 Papua New Guinea (1989-2012)...... 128 4.55 Philippines (1989-2014)...... 129 4.56 Republic of Congo (1992-2012)...... 129 4.57 Rwanda (1990-2013)...... 129 4.58 Saudi Arabia (1991-2007)...... 129 4.59 Senegal (1989-2013)...... 130 4.60 Sierra Leone (1991-2002)...... 130 4.61 Solomon Islands (1992-2002)...... 130 4.62 Somalia (1989-2014)...... 131 4.63 South Africa (1989-2010)...... 132 4.64 South Sudan (2011-2014)...... 132 4.65 Sri Lanka (1989-2013)...... 133 4.66 Sudan (1989-2014)...... 133 4.67 Swaziland (1989-1989)...... 134 4.68 Syria (2004-2014)...... 134 4.69 Tajikistan (1992-2013)...... 134 4.70 Tanzania (1992-2007)...... 134 4.71 Thailand (1989-2014)...... 135 4.72 Togo (1991-2005)...... 135 4.73 Turkey (1989-2014)...... 135 4.74 Uganda (1989-2014)...... 136 4.75 United Arab Emirates (2010-2010)...... 136 4.76 United Kingdom (2005-2005)...... 136 4.77 United States of America (2001-2009)...... 136 4.78 Uzbekistan (1999-2009)...... 136 4.79 Yemen (1994-2014)...... 137 4.80 Zambia (1989-2001)...... 137 4.81 Zimbabwe (1989-2012)...... 137

5 Political Instability Task Force Dataset (PITF) 138 5.1 Afghanistan (1995-2016)...... 139 5.2 Albania (1995-2016)...... 139 5.3 Algeria (1995-2016)...... 139 5.4 Angola (1995-2016)...... 139 5.5 Armenia (1995-2016)...... 139 5.6 Bahrain (1995-2016)...... 139 5.7 Bangladesh (1995-2016)...... 140 5.8 Barbados (1995-2016)...... 140 5.9 Belarus (1995-2016)...... 140 5.10 Belize (1995-2016)...... 140

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5.11 Belgium (1995-2016)...... 140 5.12 Bolivia (1995-2016)...... 140 5.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina (1995-2016)...... 141 5.14 Brazil (1995-2016)...... 141 5.15 Bulgaria (1995-2016)...... 141 5.16 Burkina Faso (1995-2016)...... 141 5.17 Burundi (1995-2016)...... 141 5.18 Cambodia (1995-2016)...... 141 5.19 Cameroon (1995-2016)...... 142 5.20 Central African Republic (1995-2016)...... 142 5.21 Chad (1995-2016)...... 142 5.22 China (1995-2016)...... 142 5.23 Colombia (1995-2016)...... 142 5.24 Comoros (1995-2016)...... 142 5.25 Croatia (1995-2016)...... 143 5.26 Cuba (1995-2016)...... 143 5.27 Democratic Republic of Congo (1995-2016)...... 143 5.28 Dominican Republic (1995-2016)...... 143 5.29 Ecuador (1995-2016)...... 143 5.30 Egypt (1995-2016)...... 143 5.31 El Salvador (1995-2016)...... 144 5.32 Eritrea (1995-2016)...... 144 5.33 Ethiopia (1995-2016)...... 144 5.34 Finland (1995-2016)...... 144 5.35 France (1995-2016)...... 144 5.36 Gabon (1995-2016)...... 144 5.37 Gambia (1995-2016)...... 145 5.38 Georgia (1995-2016)...... 145 5.39 Germany (1995-2016)...... 145 5.40 Ghana (1995-2016)...... 145 5.41 Greece (1995-2016)...... 145 5.42 Guatemala (1995-2016)...... 145 5.43 Guinea (1995-2016)...... 146 5.44 Guinea-Bissau (1995-2016)...... 146 5.45 Guyana (1995-2016)...... 146 5.46 Haiti (1995-2016)...... 146 5.47 Honduras (1995-2016)...... 146 5.48 India (1995-2016)...... 146 5.49 Indonesia (1995-2016)...... 147 5.50 Iran (1995-2016)...... 147 5.51 Iraq (1995-2016)...... 147 5.52 Israel (1995-2016)...... 147

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5.53 Italy (1995-2016)...... 147 5.54 Jamaica (1995-2016)...... 147 5.55 Japan (1995-2016)...... 148 5.56 Jordan (1995-2016)...... 148 5.57 Kazakhstan (1995-2016)...... 148 5.58 Kenya (1995-2016)...... 148 5.59 Kuwait (1995-2016)...... 148 5.60 Kyrgyzstan (1995-2016)...... 148 5.61 Laos (1995-2016)...... 149 5.62 Latvia (1995-2016)...... 149 5.63 Lebanon (1995-2016)...... 149 5.64 Lesotho (1995-2016)...... 149 5.65 Liberia (1995-2016)...... 149 5.66 Libya (1995-2016)...... 149 5.67 Lithuania (1995-2016)...... 150 5.68 Macedonia (1995-2016)...... 150 5.69 Madagascar (1995-2016)...... 150 5.70 Mali (1995-2016)...... 150 5.71 Malawi (1995-2016)...... 150 5.72 Malaysia (1995-2016)...... 150 5.73 Mauritania (1995-2016)...... 151 5.74 Mexico (1995-2016)...... 151 5.75 Moldova (1995-2016)...... 151 5.76 Morocco (1995-2016)...... 151 5.77 Mozambique (1995-2016)...... 151 5.78 Myanmar (1995-2016)...... 151 5.79 Namibia (1995-2016)...... 152 5.80 Nepal (1995-2016)...... 152 5.81 Netherlands (1995-2016)...... 152 5.82 Nicaragua (1995-2016)...... 152 5.83 Niger (1995-2016)...... 152 5.84 Nigeria (1995-2016)...... 152 5.85 Norway (1995-2016)...... 153 5.86 Oman (1995-2016)...... 153 5.87 Pakistan (1995-2016)...... 153 5.88 Palestinian Territory (1995-2016)...... 153 5.89 Papua New Guinea (1995-2016)...... 153 5.90 Paraguay (1995-2016)...... 153 5.91 Peru (1995-2016)...... 154 5.92 Philippines (1995-2016)...... 154 5.93 Poland (1995-2016)...... 154 5.94 Portugal (1995-2016)...... 154

6 Actor Dictionaries xSub

5.95 Puerto Rico (1995-2016)...... 154 5.96 Republic of Congo (1995-2016)...... 154 5.97 Republic of Korea (1995-2016)...... 155 5.98 Russia (1995-2016)...... 155 5.99 Rwanda (1995-2016)...... 155 5.100Saudi Arabia (1995-2016)...... 155 5.101Senegal (1995-2016)...... 155 5.102Serbia (1995-2016)...... 155 5.103Sierra Leone (1995-2016)...... 156 5.104Slovakia (1995-2016)...... 156 5.105Solomon Islands (1995-2016)...... 156 5.106Somalia (1995-2016)...... 156 5.107South Africa (1995-2016)...... 156 5.108South Sudan (1995-2016)...... 156 5.109Spain (1995-2016)...... 157 5.110Sri Lanka (1995-2016)...... 157 5.111Sudan (1995-2016)...... 157 5.112Swaziland (1995-2016)...... 157 5.113Syria (1995-2016)...... 157 5.114Tajikistan (1995-2016)...... 157 5.115Tanzania (1995-2016)...... 158 5.116Thailand (1995-2016)...... 158 5.117Timor-Leste (1995-2016)...... 158 5.118Togo (1995-2016)...... 158 5.119Trinidad & Tobago (1995-2016)...... 158 5.120Tunisia (1995-2016)...... 158 5.121Turkey (1995-2016)...... 159 5.122Turkmenistan (1995-2016)...... 159 5.123Uganda (1995-2016)...... 159 5.124Ukraine (1995-2016)...... 159 5.125United Kingdom (1995-2016)...... 159 5.126Uzbekistan (1995-2016)...... 159 5.127Venezuela (1995-2016)...... 160 5.128Viet Nam (1995-2016)...... 160 5.129Yemen (1995-2016)...... 160 5.130Zambia (1995-2016)...... 160 5.131Zimbabwe (1995-2016)...... 160

6 Social Conflict Analysis Dataset (SCAD) Africa 161 6.1 Algeria (1990-2015)...... 162 6.2 Angola (1975-2015)...... 163 6.3 Benin (1990-2015)...... 164 6.4 Botswana (1991-2011)...... 165

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6.5 Burkina Faso (1991-2015)...... 166 6.6 Burundi (1975-2015)...... 168 6.7 Chad (1989-2015)...... 170 6.8 Cameroon (1990-2015)...... 172 6.9 Central African Republic (1990-2015)...... 175 6.10 Cote d’Ivoire (1990-2015)...... 177 6.11 Democratic Republic of the Congo (1990-2015)...... 180 6.12 Egypt (1990-2015)...... 184 6.13 Eritrea (1993-2013)...... 189 6.14 Ethiopia (1964-2015)...... 190 6.15 Gabon (1990-2015)...... 191 6.16 Gambia (1994-2014)...... 192 6.17 Ghana (1991-2015)...... 194 6.18 Guinea (1991-2015)...... 196 6.19 Guinea-Bissau (1995-2014)...... 197 6.20 Kenya (1990-2015)...... 199 6.21 Lesotho (1991-2015)...... 203 6.22 Liberia (1990-2015)...... 204 6.23 Libya (1990-2015)...... 206 6.24 Madagascar (1990-2015)...... 210 6.25 Mali (1990-2015)...... 212 6.26 Malawi (1990-2015)...... 214 6.27 Mauritania (1990-2015)...... 216 6.28 Mauritius (1999-2015)...... 217 6.29 Morocco (1990-2015)...... 219 6.30 Mozambique (1977-2015)...... 221 6.31 Namibia (1992-2014)...... 222 6.32 Niger (1990-2015)...... 224 6.33 Nigeria (1964-2015)...... 226 6.34 Republic of Congo (1990-2015)...... 233 6.35 Rwanda (1990-2015)...... 234 6.36 Senegal (1990-2015)...... 236 6.37 Sierra Leone (1990-2015)...... 238 6.38 Somalia (1986-2015)...... 239 6.39 South Africa (1990-2015)...... 243 6.40 South Sudan (2011-2015)...... 248 6.41 Sudan (1983-2015)...... 250 6.42 Swaziland (1990-2014)...... 253 6.43 Tanzania (1990-2015)...... 254 6.44 Togo (1990-2015)...... 255 6.45 Tunisia (1991-2015)...... 256 6.46 Uganda (1978-2015)...... 258

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6.47 Zambia (1990-2015)...... 260 6.48 Zimbabwe (1990-2015)...... 262

7 Social Conflict Analysis Dataset (SCAD) Latin America 264 7.1 Costa Rica (1993-2011)...... 265 7.2 Cuba (1990-2012)...... 267 7.3 Dominican Republic (1990-2013)...... 270 7.4 El Salvador (1992-2010)...... 272 7.5 Guatemala (1990-2013)...... 273 7.6 Haiti (1990-2015)...... 276 7.7 Honduras (1990-2015)...... 282 7.8 Jamaica (1992-2013)...... 284 7.9 Mexico (1990-2015)...... 287 7.10 Nicaragua (1990-2015)...... 293 7.11 Panama (1990-2013)...... 294 7.12 Trinidad and Tobago (1995-2012)...... 295

9 Actor Dictionaries xSub 1 Coding Rules

All datasets are disaggregated by the actors involved in the conflict. Specifically, we distin- guish four types of actors:

• Government: incumbent government, pro-government militia, third party acting on incumbent’s behalf

• Rebel: rebels, anti-government militia, third party acting on rebels’ behalf, and other armed groups directly challenging the government

• Civilians: civilians

• Other: local militia, tribe, other non-state actors not directly challenging the govern- ment

10 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Africa

Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is the public collection of political violence and protest data for developing states. This data includes information on the specific dates and locations of political violence and protest, the types of event, the groups involved, fatalities, and changes in territorial control. Information is recorded on the battles, killings, riots, and recruitment activities of rebels, governments, militias, armed groups, protesters and civilians. ACLED is directed by Prof. Clionadh Raleigh and is presently supported by Minerva project funding through the CCAPS program and the European Research Commission grant no. 283755.1

1The information is taken from: http://www.acleddata.com/.

11 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.1 Algeria (1997-2016)

Table 1: Algeria Year Government Rebel Civilian Other FIS: Islamic Salvation Front ADC: Democratic Alliance of Civilians (Algeria) Zintan Ethnic Militia (Libya) 23rd May for Change 1999- Government of Algeria Police Forces of Morocco 1994-1999 Military Forces of Algeria 1999- Military Forces of Algeria 1999- Military Forces of Algeria (Bor- Military Forces of Morocco der Guards, Gendarmerie, Mu- nicipal Guard) 1999- Police Forces of Algeria (Mu- Islamist Militia (Algeria) nicipal Guard) Polisario Front Ansar Dine Civilians (Morocco) Unidentified Armed Group (Alge- ria) Private Security Forces (Alge- AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Civilians (International) Protesters (Tunisia) ria) Maghreb Arab Ethnic Militia (Algeria) Civilians (Mali) Rioters (Algeria) ATNMC: North Mali Tuareg Al- Civilians (Libya) Military Forces of Germany liance for Change Berber Ethnic Militia (Algeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Mo- rocco) Chaamba Ethnic Militia (Alge- Unidentified Armed Group ria) (Tunisia) CNCD: National Coordination Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) for Change and Democracy Draa Errich Communal Militia Protesters (International) (Algeria) El-Farouk Brigade Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Alge- ria) Ennour Brigade Protesters (Egypt) GIA: Armed Islamic Group Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) GLD: Legitimate Defence Protesters (Morocco) Groups Militia GSL: Free Salafist Group Saharawi Communal Militia (Mo- rocco) GSPC: Salafist Group for Call FIS: Islamic Salvation Front and Combat Ibadite Sect Militia (Algeria) Patriots Militia LIDD: The Islamic League for Al Qaeda Preaching and Holy Struggle Malekite Sect Militia (Algeria) Salafia Jihadia MNLA: National Movement for Saharawi Communal Militia (Mo- the Liberation of Azawad rocco) MSJI: Saharan Sons for Islamic Justice Movement MUJAO: Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade Ouled Embarek Clan Militia (Al- geria) Protectors of the Salafi Call Soldiers of the Caliphate Those Who Signed in Blood Timizart Brigade Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Algeria) Vigilante Militia (Algeria) 2002-2012 Military Forces of Mali; Govern- ment of Mali 1984-2005 Military Forces of Mauritania

12 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.2 Angola (1997-2016)

Table 2: Angola Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1975- Government of Angola 1975- Military Forces of Angola MPLA: Popular Movement for FDC: Democratic Front of Christian Militia (Angola) the Liberation of Angola Cabinda PADPA: Angola Democratic FLEC-FAC: Front for the Civilians (Angola) and Progress Support Party Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda-Armed Forces of Cabinda Party fo Progress and Develop- FLEC-PM: Front for the Liber- Civilians (Democratic Re- ment ation of the Enclave of Cabinda public of Congo) (Military Position) 1975- Police Forces of Angola 1975- Police Forces of Angola Crimi- nal Investigations Service 1975- Police Forces of Angola State Security and Intelligence Ser- vice UNITA: National Union for the FLEC: Front for the Liberation Civilians (International) Total Independence of Angola of the Enclave of Cabinda 1975- Mutiny of Military Forces of Civilians (South Africa) Angola 1975- FLEC-Renouvada: Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (Renouvada Faction) Civilians (Togo) Civilians (Zambia) Cubal Communal Militia (Angola) Former UNITA: National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ICGLR: International Conference on the Great Lakes Region Katangan Tigers 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 1990- Military Forces of Namibia 1992-1997 Military Forces of Republic of Congo 1994- Military Forces of South Africa 1991-2002 Military Forces of Zambia Protesters (Angola) RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD-K: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Kisangani) Rioters (Angola) Unidentified Armed Group (An- gola) Vigilante Militia (Angola)

2.3 Benin (1997-2016)

Table 3: Benin Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Barei Communal Militia Civilians (Benin) Gangban Communal Militia (Benin) (Benin) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Benin) Civilians (International) Koka Communal Militia (Benin) 2006- Government of Benin 1996-2016 Military Forces of Benin (Pres- idential Security Unit) 1996- Police Forces of Benin Pirates (Benin) Protesters (Benin) Protesters (Togo) Rioters (Benin) Soumbe Gorou Communal Militia (Benin) Unidentified Armed Group (Benin) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Benin)

13 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.4 Botswana (1997-2016)

Table 4: Botswana Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1966- Military Forces of Botswana 1966- Police Forces of Botswana 1987- Police Forces of Zimbabwe Protesters (Botswana) Civilians (Botswana) CRD: Congolese Rally for Democ- racy Rioters (Botswana) Civilians (Namibia) Protesters (Zambia) Civilians (Zimbabwe) Rioters (Zimbabwe) SADC: Southern African Develop- ment Community Unidentified Armed Group (Botswana)

14 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.5 Burkina Faso (1997-2016)

Table 5: Burkina Faso Year Government Rebel Civilian Other CDC: Congress for Democratic Civilians (Burkina Faso) Akonga Ethnic Militia (Burkina Change Faso) CDP: Congress for Democracy Civilians (Ivory Coast) Al Mourabitoune Battalion and Progress 1984-2015 Government of Burkina Faso 1987- Military Forces of Burkina Faso Mutiny of Military Forces of (Presidential Security Unit) Burkina Faso 1987- Police Forces of Burkina Faso (Gendarmerie) Private Security Forces (Burk- Civilians (International) Bissa Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) ina Faso) UNIR/PS: Unity for the Re- Civilians (Mali) naissance/Sankarist Party ANEB: National Association of Burkinabe Students Ansaroul Islam Burkinabe Communal Militia (Burkina Faso) Bwaba Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) 1987-2014 Former Military Forces of Burkina Faso Fula Ethnic Militia Fulani Ethnic Militia GMA: Mourabitounes Group of Azawad Gourmantche Ethnic Militia Government of United States Islamic State (Sahara) Islamist Militia (Burkina Faso) Islamist Militia (Mali) Liliou Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Lobi Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Military Forces of France MNLA: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad Mossi Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) 2000-2011 Mutiny of Military Forces of Ivory Coast Protesters (Burkina Faso) Protesters (Chad) Rioters (Burkina Faso) Tenkodogo Communal Militia (Burkina Faso) UNEF: National Union of Faso Stu- dents Unidentified Armed Group (Burk- ina Faso) Unidentified Armed Group (Ivory Coast) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Mo- rocco) Unidentified Communal Militia (Burkina Faso) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Mali) Vigilante Militia (Burkina Faso)

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16 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.6 Burundi (1997-2016)

Table 6: Burundi Page 1 of Table6 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Amizero yAbarundi CNDD-FDD- Civilians (Burundi) ADFL: Alliance of Democratic Bakenyarerugamba: National Forces for Liberation Council for the Defence of Democracy (Bakenyare- rugamba Faction) UPD-Z: Union for Peace and CNDD-FDD-Imbonerakure: Civilians (Democratic Re- ALIR: Army for the Liberation of Development (Zigamibanga National Council for the public of Congo) Rwanda Faction) Defence of Democracy (Imbon- erakure Faction) UPRONA: Union for National CNDD-FDD: National Council Civilians (International) AU: African Union Progress for the Defence of Democracy- Forces for the Defence of Democracy CNDD: National Council for Civilians (Rwanda) Ba Rukoti Democracy and Development 2005- Government of Burundi Civilians (Tanzania) Batwa Ethnic Militia (Burundi) 1996-2005 Military Forces of Burundi FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda 2005- Military Forces of Burundi FNI: Nationalist and Integrationist Front 2005 - Military Forces of Burundi Na- tional Intelligence Agency MSD: Movement for Solidarity and Democracy 1996-2005 Police Forces of Burundi Former Military Forces of Burundi 2005- Police Forces of Burundi 2005- Police Forces of Burundi API Unit 2005- Police Forces of Burundi Counter Terrorism Unit 2005- Police Forces of Burundi Na- tional Intelligence Service 2005- Police Forces of Burundi Rapid Mobile Intervention Group 2011- BNUB: United Nations Office in Burundi 1973-1994 Former Military Forces of Rwanda Hutu Rebels ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Gatumba Communal Militia (Bu- rundi) INEC: Independent National Elec- toral Commission Interahamwe Militia Mayi Mayi Militia 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 2001- Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 1965-1997 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo / Zaire 1994- Military Forces of Rwanda 1994- Military Forces of South Africa 1964- Military Forces of Tanzania 1986- Military Forces of Uganda MRC: Congolese Revolutionary Movement 2001- Mutiny of Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo Ndombolo Militia Nyagishubi Communal Militia (Bu- rundi) Prison Guards (Burundi) Private Security Forces (Burundi) Protesters (Burundi) RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD: Rally for Congolese Democ- racy (ANC Faction) Rioters (Burundi) Rukaramu Communal Militia (Bu- rundi) South African Protection Support Detachment UN: United Nations Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- rundi) Continued on next page

17 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table6 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Demo- cratic Republic of Congo) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Vigilante Militia (Burundi) Vigilante Militia (Democratic Re- public of Congo) Young Peace Guard

18 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.7 Cameroon (1997-2016)

Table 7: Cameroon Year Government Rebel Civilian Other ALPC: Cameroonian Peoples BFF: Bakassi Freedom Fighters Civilians (Cameroon) Africa Marine Commando Liberation Army 1982- Government of Cameroon 1982- Military Forces of Cameroon (Gendarmerie, Rapid Interven- tion Battalion) 1982- Police Forces of Cameroon Boko Haram - Jamaatu Ahli is- Civilians (Central African Ansaru Sunnah lid-Dawatai wal-Jihad Republic) Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Civilians (Ghana) Anti-Balaka Ifriqiyyah Liberators of the Southern Civilians (International) APRD: Popular Army for the Cameroon Restoration of the Republic and Democracy MLCP: Movement for the Lib- Civilians (Nigeria) Bafou Communal Militia eration of the Cameroonian (Cameroon) People NDDSC: Niger Delta Defence Bagam Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) and Security Council The Liberators of Southern Baligangsen Communal Militia Cameroon (Cameroon) Bameyan Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Banfaw Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Banyangui Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Bororos Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) CBLT: Lake Chad Basin Commis- sion COSAC: Coalition for Food Self- Sufficiency Dola Communal Militia (Cameroon) FDPC: Democratic Front for the People of the Central African Re- public 2013-2014 Former Military Forces of Central African Republic Foulbe Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gaboua Communal Militia (Cameroon) Garoua-Boulai Communal Militia (Cameroon) Gbaya Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) 2003-2013 Government of Central African Re- public 1999-2015 Government of Nigeria Jukun Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Kotoko Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Limbe Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Mbessa Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) MEND: Movement for the Emanci- pation of the Niger Delta 1990- Military Forces of Chad 1993-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria 1997- Military Forces of Republic of Congo Military Forces of United States Musgum Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Nyalla Communal Militia (Cameroon) Oku Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Prison Guards (Cameroon) Protesters (Cameroon) Protesters (Chad) Protesters (Nigeria) Rioters (Cameroon) Seleka Militia Seleka Rebel Coalition Unidentified Armed Group (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia (Cameroon) Vigilante Militia (Cameroon)

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20 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.8 Central African Republic

Table 8: Central African Republic Page 1 of Table8 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011- AU-RTF: African Union-led Regional Task Force 2011- AU RCI-LRA: African Union Regional Cooperation Inititia- tive for the Elimination of the Lords Resistance Army Joint Task Force 2008-2009 EUFOR Chad/CAR: Military Operation in Eastern Chad and North Eastern Central African Republic 2014- EUFOR RCA: European Union Force in the Central African Republic FIRCA: Forces for the Unifica- MLCJ: Movement of Central Bozoum Communal Militia (Cen- tion of the Central African Re- African Liberators for Justice tral African Republic) public FOMUC: Multinational Force MLCJ-Rakis: Movement of Civilians (Central African Bria Communal Militia (Central in the Central African Repub- Central African Liberators for Republic) African Republic) lic Justice (Rakis Faction) FSRJ: Special Forces of Revo- LRA: Lords Resistance Army Civilians (Cameroon) lutionary Justice 1993- Government of Central African Republic Kwa Na Kwa Party FPRC: Popular Front for the Civilians (Chad) Cantonnier Communal Militia Renaissance of Central Africa (Central African Republic) 2008-2013 MICOPAX: Mission for the Consolidation of Peace in Cen- tral African Republic 1982- Military Forces of Cameroon (Rapid Intervention Battalion) 1993-2003 Military Forces of Central Mutiny of Military Forces of African Republic (Gbaya Central African Republic Faction, Presidential Security Unit, Yakoma Faction) 2003-2013 Military Forces of Central Former Military Forces of Central African Republic (Bozize African Republic Faction, Gendarmerie, Presi- dential Security Unit) 2013-2014 Military Forces of Central Former Military Forces of Central African Republic (Gen- African Republic (Presidential Se- darmerie, Presidential Security curity Unit) Unit) 2014-2016 Military Forces of Central African Republic (Gen- darmerie) 2016- Military Forces of Central African Republic (Presidential Security Unit) 1998-2000 MINURCA: United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic 2007-2010 MINURCAT: UN Mission in the Central African Republic & Chad 2014- MINUSCA: United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic 2013-2014 MISCA: African-led Interna- tional Support Mission to the Central African Republic MLPC: Movement for the Lib- FPR: Patriotic Forces of Resis- Civilians (Democratic Re- eration of the Central African tance public of Congo) People MMRDC: Movement of Pop- FDPC: Democratic Front for Civilians (International) ular Walk for the Central the People of the Central African Republic Democracy African Republic PCUD: Central African Party CPJP: Convention of Patriots Civilians (Libya) Agoumar Communal Militia for Unity and Development for Justice and Peace 1993- Police Forces of Central African Republic (National Se- curity Company, Central Office for the Repression of Banditry, Research and Investigation Division, Central Office for the Repression of Banditry) PRL: Redeemed Patriots For- Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Civilians (Mauritania) Alkamba Ethnic Militia mer Liberators Ifriqiyyah Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table8 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other RDC: Central African Demo- APRD: Popular Army for the Civilians (Nigeria) Alngamba Ethnic Militia cratic Rally Restoration of the Republic and Democracy RJ: Revolution and Justice Anti-Balaka Civilians (Rwanda) AU: African Union RPRC: Patriotic Movement for AAAJ: Anti-Jihadist African Civilians (Sudan) Badibiri Communal Militia (Cen- the Rebirth of the Central Alliance tral African Republic) African People Mutiny of CPJP: Convention of Bang Communal Militia (Central Patriots for Justice and Peace African Republic) PRGF: Popular Front for the Bangui Communal Militia (Central Central African Renaissance African Republic) RRR: Return, Reclamation Batangafo Communal Militia (Cen- and Rehabilitation tral African Republic) Seleka Rebel Coalition Bocaranga Communal Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) UFDC: United Front for Demo- Boeing Communal Militia (Central cratic Change African Republic UFDR: Union of Democratic Bouaka Communal Militia (Central Forces for Unity African Republic) UFR: Union of Republican Bouca Communal Militia (Central Forces African Republic) UPC: Union for Peace in the Boy Rabe Communal Militia (Cen- Central African Republic tral African Republic) CEMAC: Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa Christian Militia (Central African Republic) Combattant Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Dekoa Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Djambala Communal Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) FLC: Congolese Liberation Front FPR: Popular Front for the Recov- ery Fulani Ethnic Group (Central African Republic) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan) Goula Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Goussiema Communal Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) Gouze Communal Militia (Central African Republic) 1994- Government of South Africa Guerekindo Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Janjaweed Kaga-Bandoro Communal Militia (Central African Republic) KM5 Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Koko Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Koras Youth Militia Koui Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Kpata Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Liwa Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Madonguere Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Masabio Ethnic Miitia (Central African Republic) Mbarara Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic, Chad) Mbororo Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) 1990- Military Forces of Chad 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo Military Forces of France 2009- Military Forces of Gabon 1969-2011 Military Forces of Libya 1997- Military Forces of Republic of Congo (Gendarmerie) 1994- Military Forces of South Africa 2005-2011 Military Forces of Southern Sudan 1989- Military Forces of Sudan 1986- Military Forces of Uganda Military Forces of United States Militia (Abdul Danda) Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table8 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Militia (Bozize) Militia (Issa Kapi) Militia (Mohamed Ali Fadoul) 1997-1998 MISAB: Inter-African Mission to Monitor the Implementation of the Bangui Agreements MLC: Movement for the Liberation of Congo MPC: Patriotic Movement for Cen- tral African Republic Muslim Militia (Central African Re- public) Mutiny of UPC: Union for Peace in the Central African Republic Ndachima Communal Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) Ngakobo Communal Militia (Cen- tral African Republic) Ngaoundaye Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Nola Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Nzakara Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Ouango Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Patriots Militia PK5 Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Prison Guards (Central African Re- public) Private Security Forces (Central African Republic) Protesters (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Burundi, Cameroon, Cen- tral African Republic) Salanze Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Sara Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Seleka Militia SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Liber- ation Movement/Army (Minnawi Faction) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Move- ment/Army SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement Tali Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Tiringoulou Communal Militia (Central African Republic) Toubou Ethnic Militia (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Central African Republic, Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Cen- tral African Republic, Sudan) Vigilante Militia (Central African Republic) Wango Bangassou Communal Mili- tia (Central African Republic) Youlou Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Zaraguinas

23 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.9 Chad (1997-2016)

Table 9: Chad Page 1 of Table9 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2008-2009 EUFOR Chad/CAR: Military Operation in Eastern Chad and North Eastern Central African Republic 1990- Government of Chad, Military Mutiny of Military Forces of Chad Forces of Chad (Republican Guard), Police Forces of Chad (Mobile Intervention Unit) 2003-2013 Military Forces of Central African Republic 1999-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria 1989- Military Forces of Sudan 2007-2010 MINURCAT: United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad 2014- Military Forces of Libya Haftar Fac- tion, MINUSCA: United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Sta- bilization Mission in the Central African Republic 2013-2014 MISCA: African-led International Support Mission to the Central African Republic CPDC: Coordination of Polit- ANR: National Resistance Army Civilians (Cameroon) Abeche Communal Militia (Chad) ical Parties for the Defence of the Constitution APRD: Popular Army for the Civilians (Chad) Arab Ethnic Militia (Chad) Restoration of the Republic and Democracy GNNT: Nomad and National Boko Haram - Jamaatu Ahli is- Civilians (Interna- Arab Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Guard of Chad Sunnah lid-Dawatai wal-Jihad tional) Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Civilians (Nigeria) Bornou Ethnic Militia (Chad) Ifriqiyyah CDR: Democratic Revolutionary Civilians (Sudan) Christian Militia (Chad) Council CNT: Chadian National Concord Darsalim Ethnic Militia (Chad) Movement CSNPD: National Revival Commit- Fulani Ethnic Militia (Central tee for Peace and Democracy African Republic) Military Forces of France Falcons for the Liberation of Africa Gorane Ethnic Militia (Chad) FARF: Armed Forces for a Federal GSPC: Salafist Group for Call and Republic Combat FDR: Democratic Front for Re- Islamic State (Sahara) newal Military Forces of United FNTR: National Front for the Re- JEM-Bashar: Justice and Equality States newal of Chad Movement (Bashar Faction) FONALT: Forces of the National JEM: Justice and Equality Move- Organisations for Alternance and ment Liberty in Chad FPR: Patriotic Forces of Resistance Khouzam Ethnic Militia (Chad) FPR: Popular Front for the Recov- Kibede Ethnic Militia (Chad) ery FPRN: Popular Front for National Kibets Ethnic Militia (Chad) Rebirth FROLINAT: National Liberation LRA: Lords Resistance Army Front of Chad FUCD: Unity Front for Democratic Change MPRP: Movement for Peace, Rec- Muslim Militia (Chad) onciliation, Progress Ouaddaian Ethnic Militia (Chad) National Alliance of Chad Protesters (Cameroon) Protesters (Chad) Protesters (Liberia) RAFD-CNT: Rally of Democratic Protesters (Nigeria) Forces-National Chadian Concord RAFD: Rally of Democratic Forces SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Move- ment/Army RDL: Rally for Democracy and Lib- SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- erty ation Army/Movement RFC: Rally of Forces for Change Tama Ethnic Militia (Chad) Rioters (Chad) Toubou Ethnic Militia (Chad) SCUD: Foundation for Change, Na- Unidentified Armed Group (Central tional Unity and Democracy African Republic) UFD: Union of Democratic Forces Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) UFDC: United Front for Demo- Unidentified Armed Group (Nige- cratic Change ria) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table9 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other UFDD: Union of Forces for Democ- Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) racy and Development UFR: Union of Forces for Resis- Unidentified Communal Militia tance (Chad) Vigilante Militia (Chad) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Chad) Janjaweed Walet Rachid Ethnic Militia (Chad) MDJT: Movement for Democracy Zaghawa Ethnic Militia (Chad) and Justice in Chad

25 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.10 Cote d’Ivoire (1997-2016)

Table 10: Cote d’Ivoire Page 1 of Table 10 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other COJEP: Young Patriots Civilians (Burkina Faso) Abbey Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Militia (Miners) Civilians (Central African Abidji Ethnic Militia Coast Republic) FPI: Ivorian Popular Front MILOCI: Movement for the Civilians (Ghana) Abobo Communal Militia Liberation of Western Ivory Coast GPP: Patriotic Group for MIWRO: Ivorian Movement for Civilians (International) Abras Communal Militia Peace the Return of the We to the West Military Forces of France MJP: Movement for Justice Civilians (Ivory Coast) Agni Ethnic Militia and Peace Militia (Pro-Alassane Ouat- MPCI: Patriotic Movement of Civilians (Mali) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic tara) the Ivory Coast Maghreb Militia (Pro-Laurent Gbagbo) MPIGO: Ivorian Popular Civilians (Niger) Bako Communal Militia Movement of the Great West PDCI: Democratic Party of Mutiny of FESCI: Federation Civilians (Senegal) Baoule Ethnic Militia Ivory Coast of Students and Pupils of Cote dIvoire RDR: Rally of Republicans Mutiny of FNCI: New Forces of Civilians (Togo) Baoule Ethnic Militia Ivory Coast Mutiny of FNCI: New Forces Bete Ethnic Militia of Ivory Coast (Ibrahim Coulibaly) Mutiny of FNCI: New Forces of Bouafle Communal Militia Ivory Coast (Zakaria Kone) Protesters (Ivory Coast) Bozo Ethnic Militia Rioters (Ivory Coast) Broukro Communal Militia Vigilante Militia (Ivory Coast) Denan Communal Militia Dioula Ethnic Militia Dozo Militia Ebrie Ethnic Militia 2002-2004 ECOMICI: Economic Commu- nity of West African States Mission in Ivory Coast ECOMOG: Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group FESCI: Student Federation of Ivory Coast 2000-2011 Former Military Forces of Ivory Coast Fulani Ethnic Militia Gohitafla Communal Militia 2011- Government of Ivory Coast Guere Ethnic Militia Koideguezon Communal Militia Koro Communal Militia Kroumen Ethnic Militia Lobi Ethnic Militia Malinke Ethnic Militia 2010- Military Forces of Guinea 1993- Police Forces of Ivory Coast Mutiny of Military Forces of Burkina Faso 2003-2004 MINUCI: United Nations Mis- sion in Cote dIvoire Mossi Ethnic Militia Militia (Tractor) Nanan Communal Militia Pirates (Ivory Coast) Prison Guards Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Liberia) Protesters (Burkina Faso, Liberia, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal) RES: Student and Schooling Re- naissance Rioters (Guinea) Senoufo Ethnic Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Burk- ina Faso, Central African Repub- lic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Burk- ina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Goast) 2004- UNOCI: United Nations Oper- ation in Ivory Coast Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 10 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other We Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) Yacouba Ethnic Militia (Ivory Coast) 1993- Military Forces of Ivory Coast (Gendarmerie, Presidential Secu- rity Unit)

2.11 Democratic Republic of Congo (1997-2016)

Table 11: Democratic Republic of Congo Page 1 of Table 11 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other ADECO: Alliance of Congolese ADF-NALU: Allied Democratic Civilians (Angola) ADD: Alliance for Democratic De- Democrats Forces-National Army for the velopment Liberation of Uganda ALIR: Army for the Liberation ADF: Allied Democratic Forces Civilians (Burundi) Alur Ethnic Militia of Rwanda Balubakat: Association of the ADFL: Alliance of Democratic Civilians (Central Anti-Balaka Baluba People of Katanga Forces for Liberation African Republic) CRD: Congolese Rally for ALPC: Alliance for the Liberation Civilians (Democratic ASP: Alliance for the Health of the Democracy of Congolese People Republic of Congo) People FNL: National Forces of Liber- APCLS: Alliance of Patriots for a Civilians (Interna- Babembe Ethnic Militia ation Free and Sovereign Congo tional) FPLC: Patriotic Front for the ARC: Revolutionary Army of the Civilians (Rwanda) Bafulero Ethnic Militia Liberation of the Congo Congo FPPH: Popular Forces for the BDK: Bunda Dia Kongo Civilians (Tanzania) Bafuliru Communal Militia Protection of the Hutu FRF: Federal Republican CNDP: National Congress for the Civilians (Uganda) Bakabeya Communal Militia Forces Defence of the People Hutu Ethnic Militia Cobras Militia Bakata Katanga Communal Militia Hutu Rebels COGAI: Coalition of Armed Group Bakwa Kanjinga Communal Militia of Ituri MLC: Movement for the Liber- Djeshi ya Yesu Bakwa Katulayi Ethnic Militia ation of Congo NALU: National Army for the EFLC: Ecumenical Forces for the Bakwa Mfika Communal Militia Liberation of Uganda Liberation of the Congo PALIPEHUTU-FNL: National FAP: Popular Self-Defence Forces Bakwa Yidu Communal Militia Forces for Liberation-Party for the Liberation of the Hutu Peo- ple PALU: Unified Lumumbist FAPC: Peoples Armed Forces of Bakwamputus Ethnic Militia Party Congo PPRD: Peoples Party for Re- FD-PLO: Defense Forces of the Peo- Bamate Ethnic Militia construction and Democracy ple of Orientale PUSIC: Party for the Unity FDC: Forces for Congolese Defence Bamboma Ethnic Militia and Safekeeping of Congos In- tegrity UDPS: Union for Democracy FDDH: Human Rights Defence Bantu Ethnic Militia and Social Progress Forces UNAFEC: Union of Nationalist FDIPC: Force for the Defence of the Banyamulenge Ethnic Militia Federalists of Congo Party Interests of the Congolese People UPDS: Union for Democracy FDLR-FOCA: Democratic Forces Barundi Ethnic Militia and Social Progress for the Liberation of Rwanda- Forces fighting Abacunguzi WNBF: West Nile Bank Front FDLR-RUD: Democratic Forces for Batangi Ethnic Militia the Liberation of Rwanda-Rally for Unity and Democracy FDLR-Soki: Democratic Forces for Batetelas Ethnic Militia the Liberation of Rwanda (Soki Faction) FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Batwa Ethnic Militia Liberation of Rwanda FLC: Congolese Liberation Front Baye Communal Militia FLEC-Renouvada: Front for the Bena Dipumba Communal Militia Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (Renouvada Faction) FLEC: Front for the Liberation and Bena Kalombo Communal Militia Emancipation of the Congo FLEC: Front for the Liberation of Bena Kambombo Communal Mili- the Enclave of Cabinda tia FNI: Nationalist and Integrationist Bena Kelende Communal Militia Front FOREBU: Republican Forces of Bu- Bena Nyoka Communal Militia rundi FPC: Forces of Congolese Patriots Bena Nzemba Communal Militia FPD: Popular Force for Democracy Bena Tshilabo Communal Militia FPJC: Popular Front for Justice in Biakatu Communal Militia Congo Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 11 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other FRPI-Cobra Matata: Front for Pa- Blukwa Communal Militia triotic Resistance of Ituri (Cobra Matata Faction) FRPI-R: Front for Patriotic Resis- Bobala Communal Militia tance of Ituri-Rambo FRPI: Front for Patriotic Resis- Bobandu Communal Militia tance of Ituri Interahamwe Militia Bogbaka Communal Militia JUNAFEC: Union of Nationalist Bogbonga Communal Militia Federalists of Congo Youth LRA: Lords Resistance Army Bogwaka Communal Militia Lubangula Communal Militia Bokenge Communal Militia Lugaba Communal Militia Bokuto Communal Militia M23: March 23 Movement Bomboma Ethnic Militia M26 Bongandanga Communal Militia M27 Bongwele Communal Militia MAC: Action Movement for Change Budjala Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia Bulana Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (ADFL Faction) Bulo Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Akilimali) Bwena Muntu Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Augustin) Christian Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Bakata CNDD-FDD: National Council for Katanga) the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy Mayi Mayi Militia (Bakwanga) Dibaya Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Bede) Djumia Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Body of Christ) Djupagasa Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Bwasakala) Djupamula Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Charles) Djupazunguru Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Cheka) Djupio Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Cmdt Jackson) Drakpa Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Cmdt La Ebengo Ethnic Militia Fontaine) Mayi Mayi Militia (Gedeon Kyungu Enyele Ethnic Militia Mutanda) Mayi Mayi Militia (Guides) Former CNDP: National Congress for the Defence of the People 1965-1997 Former Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo / Zaire 2001- Former Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo 1973-1994 Former Military Forces of Rwanda Mayi Mayi Militia (Gumino) Former NLF: National Liberation Forces Mayi Mayi Militia (Handlebar) FROLINA: National Liberation Front Mayi Mayi Militia (Kara-Kara) G7 Opposition Coalition Mayi Mayi Militia (Kifuafua) Gini Lau Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Kikurukuku) Goma Communal Militia 1997- Government of Democratic Re- public of Congo 1994- Government of Rwanda 1986- Government of Uganda Mayi Mayi Militia (Kirikicho) Government of United States Mayi Mayi Militia (Kiyandayira) Haut-Uele Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Lofombo) Hema Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mahoro) Hunde Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Major Pierre Ibobi Communal Militia Rashidi Ibulecho) Mayi Mayi Militia (Makenga Sul- Imbokolo Ethnic Militia tani) Mayi Mayi Militia (Makucha- Ingobokagihugu Militia Makucha) Mayi Mayi Militia (Mandefu) Kabeya Mayi 1 Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Manu) Kabeya Mayi 2 Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Marungu) Kabongo Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mazembe) Kahesha Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mbuayi) Kalambo Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Morgan Kalehe Communal Militia Ekasambaza) Mayi Mayi Militia (Mudowu) Kalemie Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mupekenya) Kaliki Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mutchoma) Kamalu Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Mwenyemali) Kamanda Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyakiliba) Kampala Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyatura-Raia Kande Communal Militia Tujigemeye) Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyatura) Kaniola Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyatura) Ben- Kanunga Communal Militia jamin Faction Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyatura) Ka- Kasenga Communal Militia songo Faction Mayi Mayi Militia (Nyumba-Isha) Katenda Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Pareco) Kawangu Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (PARECO) Kebange Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Mukom- Kelela Communal Militia bozi) Continued on next page 28 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 11 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kigogo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Binakwa) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kigombet Communal Militia Mutomboki-Bravo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kintobongo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Butachibera) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kioka Communal Militia Mutomboki-Cynthia) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kitembo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Hamakombo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kuluna Communal Militia Mutomboki-Kabazimiya) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kumu Communal Militia Mutomboki-Kikuni Jurist) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Kunda Communal Militia Mutomboki-Kizamoto) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lendu Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Lukoba) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lingotebe Communal Militia Mutomboki-Mabala) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lobala Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Maheshe) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lobilo Communal Militia Mutomboki-Makombo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lokele Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Mambonde) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lokenye Communal Militia Mutomboki-Mirage) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Longonya Dive Communal Militia Mutomboki-Ndarumanga) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lotelama Communal Militia Mutomboki-Nsindo) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Former NLF: National Liberation Mutomboki-Ntoto) Forces Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Luba Ethnic Militia Mutomboki-Shukuru) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Lulunga Communal Militia Mutomboki-Sisawa) Mayi Mayi Militia (Raia Mu- Lunda Communal Militia tomboki) Mayi Mayi Militia (Safisha Mabeka Communal Militia Mabaya) Mayi Mayi Militia (Shebi Muhisa) Makpelengo Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Shetani) Former NLF: National Liberation Forces Mayi Mayi Militia (Simba) Mbandaka Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Sumbadede) Mbingi Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Tshandenga) Mbororo Ethnic Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Union of Patri- Mbuza Ethnic Militia ots for the Defense of the Innocents) Mayi Mayi Militia (Vuende) Menga Otete Communal Militia Mayi Mayi Militia (Werrason) Mayi Mayi Militia (Yakutumba) Mayi Mayi Militia (Aigle rouge) 1975- Military Forces of Angola 1996- Military Forces of Burundi 2003-2014 Military Forces of Central African Republic 1990- Military Forces of Chad 1965- Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo/Zaire (Special Presidential Division, National Intelligence Agency, Presidential Security Unit, Republican Guard) 1990- Military Forces of Namibia 1992- Military Forces of Republic of Congo 1994- Military Forces of Rwanda Military Forces of South Africa 2011- Military Forces of South Sudan 2005-2011 Military Forces of Southern Sudan 1989- Military Forces of Sudan 1989- Military Forces of Uganda 2002-2011 Military Forces of Zambia 1987- Military Forces of Zimbabwe Militia (Adumi) Minda Communal Militia Militia (Alleluia) Moba Communal Militia Militia (Dominique) Mokonga Communal Militia Militia (Elements) Mono Ethnic Militia Militia (Faustin Munene) Mubake Communal Militia Militia (Foka Mike) Mudikongo Ethnic Militia Militia (Gedeon) Muhuzi Communal Militia Militia (Gen. Rubaruba) Mukandila Communal Militia Militia (Governor of Kasai- Mukemuna Communal Militia Oriental) Militia (Hilaire Kombi) Mukungwe Communal Militia Militia (Iki Tabani) Munyenge Communal Militia Continued on next page 29 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 11 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Militia (Kamwina Nsapu) Munzaya Ethnic Militia Militia (Kem) Mutiny of LRA: Lords Resistance Army Militia (Mangalibi Sadala) Nande Ethnic Militia Militia (Mumbere Kasauti) Ndrungo Communal Militia Militia (Mweke) Ngale Communal Militia Militia (Oudas) Ngbaka Communal Militia Militia (Thoms) Ngbanda Communal Militia Militia (Waminene) Ngbandi Communal Militia Minembwe Dissidents Ngiti Ethnic Militia 1999-2010 MONUC: United Nations Organiza- tion Mission in Democratic Repub- lic of Congo 2010- MONUSCO: United Nations Or- ganization Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo MPA: Popular Movement for Ngombe Communal Militia Self-Defence MPDC: Peoples Movement for Ngona Communal Militia the Defence of the Congo MRC: Congolese Revolutionary Nombe Ovungu Communal Militia Movement MRDC: Movement for the Ntambwe Communal Militia Restoration of Democracy in the Congo MRPC: Popular Resistance Ntungulu Communal Militia Movement of Congo Mudundu 40 1997-2001 Police Forces of Democratic Mutiny of Military Forces of Nyamilima Communal Militia Republic of Congo Democratic Republic of Congo (Banyamulenge Faction) 2001- Police Forces of Democratic Mutiny of Military Forces of Republic of Congo (Garamba Democratic Republic of Congo National Park, Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Okapi National Park, Virunga National Park) 2001- Mutiny of Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo (Bemba, Nkunda Factions) NDC-C: Nduma Defense of Nyanzale Communal Militia Congo (Cheka) NDC-G: Nduma Defence of Nzaji Communal Militia Congo (Guidon) NDC-R: Nduma Defence of Okita Ndeke Communal Militia Congo (Renewal) NDC: Nduma Defence of Congo Okito Dimba Communal Militia Ninjas Militia Omahotshia Communal Militia Nyatura-APCLS Coalition: Panga Mulambo Communal Militia Nyatura-Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo Nyatura-FDLR Coalition: Ny- Pende Communal Militia atura -Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda Nzambe Lumumba Sect Prison Guards 1997- Police Forces of Republic of Congo 1994- Police Forces of Rwanda 1986- Police Forces of Uganda PRA: Peoples Redemption Private Security Forces Army PRFI: Patriotic Resistance Protesters (Angola, Central Africa Forces of Ituri Republic) Protesters (Democratic Repub- Rioters (Burundi, Central Africa lic of Congo) Republic, International) RCD-Goma: Rally for Con- Shari Communal Militia golese Democracy (Goma) RCD-K-ML: Rally for Con- SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- golese Democracy-Kisangani- danese Peoples Liberation Liberation Movement Army/Movement-In Opposition RCD-K: Rally for Congolese SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- Democracy (Kisangani) ation Army/Movement RCD: Rally for Congolese Tembo Communal Militia Democracy RCD: Rally for Congolese Tonkandjo Communal Militia Democracy (ANC, Masunzu Factions) Resistance Patriots of Dongo UN: United Nations Rioters (Democratic Republic Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- of Congo) rundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Sudan, Su- dan, Uganda) RPR: Gathering of the Rwan- Unidentified Communal Militia dan People (Democratic Republic of Congo) RUD: Gathering for Unity and Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Demo- Democracy cratic Republic of Congo) Tigers Militia UNITA: National Union for the To- tal Independence of Angola Continued on next page

30 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 5 of Table 11 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Tutsi Ethnic Militia Vamangbi Communal Militia UFRC: Union of Revolutionary Vazanga Communal Militia Forces of Congo UNRF II: Uganda National Wageregere Ethnic Militia Rescue Front II UPC: Union of Congolese Pa- Wangilima Ethnic Militia triots UPLC: Union of Patriots for Waza Communal Militia the Liberation of Congo URDC: Union for the Reha- West Lau Communal Militia bilitation of Democracy in the Congo Vigilante Militia Yaliseke Communal Militia Zaraguinas Yamahenga Communal Militia Yaongowa Communal Militia Yatamba Communal Militia Yatota Communal Militia Yoka Ethnic Militia Zambo Communal Militia Zegesia Communal Militia Zekefia Communal Militia Zengele Communal Militia Zimba Communal Militia

2.12 Djibouti (1997-2016)

Table 12: Djibouti Year Government Rebel Civilian Other FRUD: Front of the Restora- Protesters (Djibouti) Civilians (Djibouti) Al Shabaab tion of Unity and Democracy 1999- Government of Djibouti 1977- Military Forces of Djibouti (Gendarmerie, Presidential Se- curity Unit) 1999- Police Forces of Djibouti USN: Union for National Salva- Rioters (Djibouti) Civilians (Eritrea) Issa Yonis Moussa Sub-Clan Militia tion Civilians (International) 1993- Military Forces of Eritrea 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia Protesters (Ethiopia) SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition Unidentified Armed Group (Dji- bouti)

31 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.13 Egypt (1997-2016)

Table 13: Egypt Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Ahrar Party (Hemeida Faction) Ajnad Misr Civilians (Egypt) Al Qaeda Ahrar Party (Sadat Faction) Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya Civilians (Chad) Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami FJP: Freedom and Justice Al-Takfir wal Hijrah Civilians (Eritrea) Arab Ethnic Militia Party Ghad Political Party Al Jihad Civilians (International) Awlad Ibrahim Clan Militia 1981- Government of Egypt Independence Party Ansar Beit al-Maqdis Civilians (Ivory Coast) Bedouin Ethnic Militia 1981-2011 Military Forces of Egypt (Bor- der Guards) 2011-2012 Military Forces of Egypt (Mili- tary Police) 2012-2014 Military Forces of Egypt (Bor- der Guards) 2014- Military Forces of Egypt (Spe- cial Forces) Militia (Pro-Government) April 6 Youth Movement Civilians (Libya) Bulak Communal Militia Muslim Brotherhood AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Civilians (South Sudan) Christian Brotherhood Maghreb NDP: National Democratic Army of Islam Civilians (Sudan) Christian Militia (Egypt) Party NSF: National Salvation Front Hasam Movement Christian Militia (Sudan) 1981- Police Forces of Egypt Lewaa El-Thawra Coptic Christian Militia Militia (Abdel Halim) Galal Clan Militia Militia (Anti-Government) GMA: Mourabitounes Group of Azawad Militia (Street Traders) Hunayshat Ethnic Militia Militia (Students) Islamist Militia (Egypt) Popular Resistance Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigade Protesters (Egypt) Jund Ansar Allah Revolutionary Punishment Kheir Clan Militia (Egypt) Rioters (Egypt) MFO: Multinational Force and Ob- servers Tahrir Brigades Military Forces of Israel The Death Cell Military Forces of United States Ultras Ahlawy Muslim Militia (Egypt) 2013-2014 Former Military Forces of Egypt Nuba Ethnic Militia (Egypt) 2012-2014 Police Forces of Libya Prison Guards (Egypt) Private Security Forces (Egypt) Protesters (Ethiopia, International, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan) Rioters (Libya, Sudan, Tunisia) Shoubrah Communal Militia State of Sinai Sunni Muslim Militia Tamman Clan Militia Tobruk Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ultras White Knights Unidentified Armed Group (Egypt, International, Libya, Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Egypt) Vanguards of Conquest Vigilante Militia (Egypt)

32 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.14 Eritrea (1997-2016)

Table 14: Eritrea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other BC: Beja Congress DMLEK: Democratic Move- Civilians (Eritrea) Beni-Amer Ethnic Militia ment for the Liberation of Er- itrean Kunama 1993- Government of Eritrea IPEDJ: Islamic Party of Er- ENSF: Eritrean National Sal- Civilians (International) Eastern Front itrea for Development and Jus- vation Front tice 1993- Military Forces of Eritrea Mutiny of Military Forces of Eritrea 1993- Police Forces of Eritrea RSADO: Red Sea Afar Demo- EPC: Eritrean Popular FRUD: Front of the Restoration of cratic Organisation Congress Unity and Democracy OLF: Oromo Liberation Front Civilians (Ethiopia) Houthi Movement - Ansar Allah Eritrean Kumama Democratic Liberation Movement 1999- Military Forces of Djibouti 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia Military Forces of Israel 1989- Military Forces of Sudan NRF: National Redemption Front Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Rioters (Eritrea) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement UFLD: United Front for Liberation and Development Unidentified Armed Group (Er- itrea) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) 2000-2008 UNMEE: United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea

33 Actor Dictionaries xSub

34 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.15 Ethiopia (1997-2016)

Table 15: Ethiopia Page 1 of Table 15 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other APP: Afar Peoples Party ADFM: Amhara Democratic Civilians (Egypt) Afar Ethnic Militia Force Movement ARDUF: Afar Revolutionary AGUDM: Patriotic Ginbot Civilians (Eritrea) Chabu Ethnic Militia Democratic Unity Front 7 for Unity and Democratic Movement Christian Militia AIAI: Al-Itihad Al-Islamia Civilians (Ethiopia) Ajuran Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Coalition for Unity and Democ- Al-Shabiba Al-Islamiyah Civilians (International) Aliwan Ethnic Militia racy Party CUD: Coalition for Unity and Al Shabaab Civilians (Kenya) Amaro Ethnic Militia Democracy Militia EDU: Front of the Ethiopian Amhara Tegadlo Civilians (Somalia) Amhara Ethnic Militia Democratic Union Forces MEDREK: Ethiopian Federal Benishangul Peoples Libera- Civilians (Sudan) Anuak Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia, Su- Democratic Unity Forum tion Movement dan) OFDM: Oromo Federalist EPPF: Ethiopian Peoples Pa- Civilians (Zambia) Awngi Ethnic Militia Democratic Movement Party triotic Front OPDO: Oromo Peoples Demo- EPRDF: Ethiopian Peoples Benishangale Ethnic Militia cratic Organization Revolutionary Democratic Front Orthodox Christian Militia Ethiopian Unity and Justice Borana Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Movement EUFF: Ethiopian Unity and Dabaqoodhiga Ethnic Militia Freedom Force GDM: Gambelan Democratic Dawe Ethnic Militia Movement Ginbot Seven Party Derash Ethnic Militia Gunbot 7 Opposition Group Dinka Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Militia (Col. Abdi Qeybdid Garre Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia, Awale) Kenya) Militia (Gen. Peter Kuol Chol) Gebra Ethnic Militia Muslim Militia Gedeo Ethnic Militia OLF: Oromo Liberation Front Geleb Ethnic Militia 1991- Government of Ethiopia Mutiny of Military Forces of Ethiopia 2011- Government of South Sudan 1989- Government of Sudan ONLA: Ogaden National Lib- Guji Ethnic Militia eration Army Oromo Ethnic Militia Gumuz Ethnic Militia Protesters Gura Ethnic Militia Rioters Gurage Ethnic Militia RSADO: Red Sea Afar Demo- Hadyia Ethnic Militia cratic Organisation SLF: Sidama Liberation Front Isa Ethnic Militia (Somalia) TPDM: Tigray Peoples Demo- Issa Clan Militia (Somalia) cratic Movement TPLF: Tigray Peoples Libera- Kereyou Ethnic Militia tion Front UWSLF: United Western So- Konso Ethnic Militia mali Liberation Front Liyu Ethnic Militia Mada Talila Communal Militia Majangir Ethnic Militia Merrile Ethnic Militia 1993- Military Forces of Eritrea 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia 1978-2013 Military Forces of Kenya 1989- Military Forces of Sudan Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia, South Sudan) Muslim Militia (Somalia) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia, South Sudan) Oda Bultum Communal Militia Ogaden Clan Militia (Somalia) Oromo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) 1993- Police Forces of Eritrea 1991- Police Forces of Ethiopia 1991- Police Forces of Ethiopia (Liyu Division) 1978- Police Forces of Kenya 2011- Police Forces of Zambia Prison Guards Protesters (Eritrea, South Sudan) RRA: Rahanweyn Resistance Army Sidama Ethnic Militia SLM/A-Nur: Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Abdul Wahid al- Nur Faction) Continued on next page

35 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 15 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Sokumar Ethnic Militia Somali Ethnic Militia Somali Gura Ethnic Militia (Soma- lia) Southern Sudan Independence Movement Militia SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement Suri Ethnic Militia Surma Ethnic Militia Tigray Ethnic Militia Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) UN: United Nations Unidentified Armed Group (Er- itrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia Unidentified Ethnic Militia Zeyle Ethnic Militia

2.16 Gabon (1997-2016)

Table 16: Gabon Year Government Rebel Civilian Other CLR: Circle of Liberal Reform- Protesters Civilians (Gabon) ANR: National Resistance Army ers 1967-2009 Military Forces of Gabon (Gen- darmerie) 2009- Military Forces of Gabon (Gen- darmerie, Republican Guard) PDG: Gabonese Democratic Rioters Civilians (Benin) Lebamba Ethnic Militia Party 1967- Police Forces of Gabon Civilians (Cameroon) Pirates Civilians (Interna- Protesters (Mali) tional) 1990- Government of Chad Seleka Rebel Coalition Unidentified Armed Group (Gabon)

2.17 Gambia (1997-2016)

Table 17: Gambia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other APRC: Alliance for Patriotic MFDC: Movement of Democratic Civilians (Gambia) Foroolu Ethnic Militia Re-orientation and Construc- Forces of Casamance tion 1996- Government of Gambia Mutiny of Military Forces of Gam- bia 2016- Government of Gambia 1996- Military Forces of Gambia (Na- tional Intelligence Agency) 1996- Police Forces of Gambia UDP: United Democratic Party Protesters Civilians (Interna- Jongolu Ethnic Militia tional) Rioters Civilians (Ghana) Prison Guards Civilians (Senegal) Protesters (Mali) 1981-2000 Government of Senegal 1981-2012 Military Forces of Senegal Unidentified Armed Group Unidentified Armed Group (Sene- gal)

36 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.18 Ghana (1997-2016)

Table 18: Ghana Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009- Government of Ghana 2001- Military Forces of Ghana NDC: National Democratic Protesters Civilians (Ghana) Abudus Ethnic Militia Congress NPP: National Patriotic Party Civilians (Guinea) Afadi Ethnic Militia NPP: New Patriotic Party Civilians (Ivory Akrashi Ethnic Militia Coast) 1993- Police Forces of Ghana 2001-2009 Mutiny of Military Forces of Ghana Civilians (Liberia) Akuse Communal Militia Civilians (Nigeria) Al Qaeda Alavanyo Ethnic Militia Andanis Ethnic Militia Anlo Ethnic Militia Armed Youth Group from Odumasi Asafo Ethnic Militia Ashanti Ethnic Militia Atulbabisi Clan Militia Bassari Ethnic Militia Bimbilla Communal Militia Bimoba Ethnic Militia Binyami Ethnic Militia Biyambo Ethnic Militia Dabon Chieftaincy Militia Dagomba Ethnic Militia Donungo Communal Militia Ewe Ethnic Militia Fantse Ethnic Militia FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Coast Fulani Ethnic Militia (Ghana, Nige- ria) Galamseyers Ga Ethnic Militia Gbadagbam Ethnic Militia Jafok Clan Militia Jamond Clan Militia Japaak Ethnic Militia Jujudeiyiri Communal Militia Kato Communal Militia Konkomba Ethnic Militia Krachi Ethnic Militia Krobo Ethnic Militia Kusasis Ethnic Militia Mamprusis Ethnic Militia Militia (Pro-Laurent Gbagbo) Muslim Militia (Ghana) Nakpando Ethnic Militia Namologo Ethnic Militia Nima Boys Militia Nkonya Ethnic Militia Orthodox Muslim Militia Pierngua Ethnic Militia Pirates (Nigeria) Private Security Forces Protesters (Nigeria) Pulis Ethnic Militia Rioters (Ghana, Liberia) Sokabisi Communal Militia Sunni Muslim Militia Tijanniya Ethnic Militia Tindongo Ethnic Militia Tiv Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana, Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia Unidentified Ethnic Militia Vigilante Militia Zamarama Ethnic Militia

37 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.19 Guinea (1997-2016)

Table 19: Guinea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010- Government of Guinea LURD: Liberians United for CNDD: National Council for Civilians (Guinea) AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Reconciliation and Democracy Democracy and Development ary Council (SAJ Faction) 1984- Military Forces of Guinea (Presidential Security Unit) NDP: National Development Protesters Civilians (Interna- Christian Militia (Guinea) Party tional) Peoples Rally of Guinea RFDG: Rally of Democratic Forces Civilians (Liberia) Donsos Militia-CDF Unit (Sierra of Guinea Leone) 1984- Police Forces of Guinea 2008-2010 Police Forces of Guinea (Presi- dential Security Unit) RPG: Rally for the Guinean Rioters Civilians (Sierra ECOMOG: Economic Community People Party Leone) of West African States Monitoring Group UFDG: Union of Democratic FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Coast Forces of Guinea UFR: Union of Republican Fulani Ethnic Militia (Guinea) Forces 1984-2010 Mutiny of Military Forces of Guinea 2012-2013 Government of Mali Guerze Ethnic Militia I-RUF: Revolutionary United Front (Superman Faction) Kamajor Militia Kignekoura Communal Militia Kissien Ethnic Militia Konianke Ethnic Militia Malinke Ethnic Militia 1997-2003 Military Forces of Liberia Muslim Militia Mutiny of FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Coast (Ibrahim Coulibaly) NF: New Forces (Faction) Prison Guards Private Security Forces Rioters (Guinea-Bissau) RUF: Revolutionary United Front Sidikila Communal Militia Tomas Christian Militia Tomas Muslim Militia ULIMO-J: United Liberation Move- ment of Liberia for Democracy (Jonshon Faction) ULIMO-K: United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democ- racy (Kromah Faction) ULIMO: United Liberation Move- ment of Liberia for Democracy 1999-2005 UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone) Unidentified Communal Militia Unidentified Ethnic Militia Vigilante Militia (Guinea)

38 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.20 Guinea-Bissau (1997-2016)

Table 20: Guinea-Bissau Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2003-2005 Government of Guinea-Bissau, Mutiny of Military Forces of Military Forces of Guinea- Guinea-Bissau (Peacekeeper, Yala Bissau, Police Forces of Factions) Guinea-Bissau 2005-2009 Government of Guinea-Bissau, Mutiny of Military Forces of Military Forces of Guinea- Guinea-Bissau (Na Tchute, Bissau (Presidential Security Ntchami Yala Factions) Unit), Police Forces of Guinea- Bissau 2012-2014 Government of Guinea-Bissau, Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau, Police Forces of Guinea-Bissau 2014- Government of Guinea-Bissau (2014-),Police Forces of Guinea-Bissau (2014-) 1984-1999 Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau, Police Forces of Guinea-Bissau 1999-2000 Military Forces of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces of Bissau Guinea-Bissau 2000-2003 Military Forces of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces of Bissau, Police Forces of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 2003-2003 Military Forces of Guinea- Bissau 2009-2012 Military Forces of Guinea- Mutiny of Military Forces of Bissau, Police Forces of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 1975- Military Forces of Angola 1981-2000 Military Forces of Senegal 2009- UNIOGBIS: United Nations In- tegrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau Aguentas Militia Balanta Ethnic Militia Madinka Ethnic Militia Militia (Ntchama) Protesters (Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea-Bissau)

2.21 Equatorial Guinea (1997-2016)

Table 21: Equatorial Guinea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1979- Government of Equatorial Mutiny of Military Forces of Equa- Guinea, Military Forces of torial Guinea Equatorial Guinea (Presiden- tial Security Unit), Police Forces of Equatorial Guinea Protesters Civilians (Equatorial MEND: Movement for the Emanci- Guinea) pation of the Niger Delta Rioters Civilians (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Cameroon) Civilians (Nigeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Equa- torial Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Nige- ria)

39 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.22 Kenya (1997-2016)

Table 22: Kenya Page 1 of Table 22 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013- Government of Kenya, Military Forces of Kenya, Police Forces of Kenya 1978-2002 Military Forces of Kenya (General Service Unit), Police Forces of Kenya 2002-2013 Military Forces of Kenya (Gen- eral Service Unit, Presidential Security Unit), Police Forces of Kenya 2012- Government of Somalia 1989- Government of Sudan, Military Forces of Sudan 1996-2005 Military Forces of Burundi 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia, Police Forces of Ethiopia 1997- Military Forces of Republic of Congo 1986- Military Forces of Uganda, Police Forces of Uganda 1964- Police Forces of Tanzania Amani Coalition Al Shabaab Civilians (Kenya) ”Taliban” Militia CORD: Coalition for Reforms Militia (Nairobi Youth) Civilians (Ethiopia) Abairege Ethnic Militia (Kenya) and Democracy Embakasi Party Moorland Forces Militia (Kenya) Civilians (Interna- Abanyabasi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) tional) FORD-Kenya: Forum for the MRC: Mombasa Republican Coun- Civilians (Rwanda) Abduwak Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Restoration of Democracy- cil Kenya Jubilee Coalition SLDF: Sabaot Land Defence Force Civilians (Sudan) Agoro Communal Militia (Kenya) KADDU: Kenya African Demo- Sungu Sungu Civilians (Uganda) Ajuran Ethnic Militia (Kenya) cratic Development Union KANU: Kenya African Na- Akorino Sect Militia (Kenya) tional Union LDP: Liberal Democratic Al Hijra Muslim Youth Centre Mili- Party tia Militia (Pro-Government) Bagisu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muyeye Movement Bana Ethnic Militia (Somalia) NARC: National Rainbow Banana Political Militia Coalition National Labour Party Borana Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) NDP: National Development Borana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Party ODM: Orange Democratic Buirege Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Movement Party of National Unity Bukusu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) PDP: Peoples Democratic Burji Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Party PNU: Party of National Unity Christian Militia (Kenya) Safina Political Party Degodia Ethnic Militia (Kenya) SDP: Social Democratic Party Didinga Ethnic Militia (Sudan) TNA: The National Alliance Dinka Ethnic Militia (Sudan) UDF: United Democratic Fo- Dodoth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) rum Al Qaeda Amarkoke Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Army of Palestine Militia Auliyan Clan Militia (Somalia) Auliyan Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Awlyahan Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Chwele Ethnic Militia (Kenya) COTU: Central Organisation of Trade Unions Dassanach Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Dongiro Ethnic Militia (Sudan) FNL: National Forces of Liberation Fulani Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Gabra Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Galwina Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Garba Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Garjel Communal Militia (Kenya) Garre Clan Militia (Somalia) Garre Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Garre Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Giriama Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Gucha Herdsman Militia (Kenya) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 22 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other HI: Hizbul Islam Home Guards Igembe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Imenti Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Isiolo Communal Militia (Kenya) Islamic State (Kenya) Islamist Militia (Kenya) Jibril Clan Militia (Kenya) Jie Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Jimo Communal Militia (Kenya) Kabasiran Clan Militia (Kenya) Kachepkosir Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kakamega Communal Militia (Kenya) Kakdhimu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kalenjin Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kapedo Communal Militia (Kenya) Kapkeny Clan Militia (Kenya) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Katemke Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kauma-Koyugi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kiambu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kikuyu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kipsigi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kirinyaga Communal Militia (Kenya) Kisii Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kongowea Village Militia (Kenya) Kuria Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Laikipia Communal Militia (Kenya) Liyu Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Luhya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Luo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Maasai Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Mambilla Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Marakwet Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Marehan Clan Militia (Somalia) Marhani Clan Militia (Somalia) Matan Clan Militia (Kenya) Matheniko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Mau Mau War Veterans Merrile Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Merrile Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Merrile Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Meru Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Mijikenda Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Militia (Students) Molo Communal Militia (Kenya) Moran Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muloti Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Mumias Outgrowers Company Mili- tia Mungiki Militia Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Murle Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Muslim Militia (Kenya) Nyuki Movement Civilians (Somalia) Adol Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nandi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Ndorobo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Njemp Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Nuba Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nyabasi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) OLF: Oromo Liberation Front OLF: Oromo Liberation Front (Splinter Faction) Ololunga Ethnic Militia (Kenya) ONLA: Ogaden National Liberation Army Orma Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pirates (Kenya) Pirates (Somalia) Pirates (Tanzania) Pokomo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Uganda) PRA: Peoples Redemption Army Prison Guards (Kenya) Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 22 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Private Security Forces (Kenya) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Protesters (Kenya) Protesters (Nigeria) Protesters (Somalia) Protesters (Sudan) Protesters (Tanzania) Rioters (Kenya) Rioters (Sudan) Rioters (Uganda) Sabaot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sabeny Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Samburu Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sebei Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Soi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Somali Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Somali Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) SPLA/M-Bahr al Ghazal: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement (Bahr al Ghazal Faction) SPLA/M-Garang: Sudanese Peo- ples Liberation Army (Garang Fac- tion) SPLA/M-Kerubino: Sudanese Peo- ples Liberation Army (Kerubino Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement SPM: Somali Patriotic Movement Tabaqa Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Tebesonik Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Tharaka Ethnic Militia (Kenya) The Government of Universal Pales- tine in Exile Tigania Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Tigray Peoples Revolutionary Lib- eration Front Toposa Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Toposa Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Toposa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) TPLF: Tigray Peoples Liberation Front Trans Mara Communal Militia (Kenya) Tugen Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Uganda Peoples Freedom Move- ment Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Soma- lia) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Tanza- nia) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Communal Militia (So- malia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Soma- lia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Vigilante Militia (Kenya) Vigilante Militia (South Africa) Continued on next page 42 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 22 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Vigilante Militia (Sudan) Walenchoka-Kurya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Wanchari-Kurya Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Wardei Ethnic Militia (Kenya)

2.23 Lesotho (1997-2016)

Table 23: Lesotho Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012-2015 Government of Lesotho, Mili- Mutiny of Military Forces of tary Forces of Lesotho, Police Lesotho Forces of Lesotho 1994-1998 Military Forces of Lesotho, Po- Mutiny of Police Forces of Lesotho lice Forces of Lesotho 1998-2012 Military Forces of Lesotho, Po- Mutiny of Military Forces of lice Forces of Lesotho Lesotho 2015- Military Forces of Lesotho 1994- Government of South Africa, Mili- tary Forces of South Africa 1966- Military Forces of Botswana 1990- Police Forces of Namibia ABC: All Basotho Convention Civilians (Lesotho) FAWU: Factory Workers Union BCP: Basutoland Congress Civilians (Interna- Party tional) BNP: Basotho National Party Civilians (South Ha Makopela Communal Militia Africa) (Lesotho) Civilians (Zimbabwe) Ha Semoli Communal Militia (Lesotho) LCD: Lesotho Congress for Protesters (Lesotho) Democracy

Rioters (Lesotho) Unidentified Armed Group (Lesotho) Unidentified Armed Group (Mozambique) Unidentified Armed Group (South Africa) Vigilante Militia (Lesotho)

43 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.24 Liberia (1997-2016)

Table 24: Liberia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997-2003 Government of Liberia, Mili- Former Military Forces of Liberia tary Forces of Liberia, Police Forces of Liberia 2006- Government of Liberia, Mili- Former Military Forces of Liberia tary Forces of Liberia (Presi- dential Guard, Presidential Se- curity Unit), Police Forces of Liberia 1989-1997 Military Forces of Liberia, Po- lice Forces of Liberia 2003-2006 Military Forces of Liberia, Po- lice Forces of Liberia 1984-2008 Military Forces of Guinea 1999-2000 Military Forces of Ivory Coast 2000-2011 Military Forces of Ivory Coast 2011- Military Forces of Ivory Coast 1996-1997 Military Forces of Sierra Leone 1997-1998 Military Forces of Sierra Leone 1998-2007 Military Forces of Sierra Leone 2003- UNMIL: United Nations Mission in Liberia ALP: All Liberian Party JFLL: Joint Forces for the Libera- Civilians (Liberia) Christian Militia (Liberia) tion of Liberia CDC: Congress for Democratic LURD: Liberians United for Recon- Civilians (Guinea) ECOMOG: Economic Community Change ciliation and Democracy of West African States Monitoring Group RUF: Revolutionary United MODEL: Movement for Democracy Civilians (Interna- Front in Liberia tional) UP: Unity Party NPFL: National Patriotic Front Civilians (Sierra Liberia Leone) Liberty Party ULIMO-J: United Liberation Move- Civilians (South Former MODEL: Movement for ment of Liberia for Democracy Africa) Democracy in Liberia (Jonshon Faction) ULIMO-K: United Liberation Friends of PYJ Militia Movement of Liberia for Democ- racy (Kromah Faction) Gio and Mano Ethnic Militia (Liberia) Kamajor Militia (CDF Unit) Kamajor Militia Kpelle Ethnic Militia (Liberia) Mandingo Ethnic Militia (Liberia) Military Forces of Pakistan Militia (Pro-Laurent Gbagbo) Militia (Robert Guei) Muslim Militia (Liberia) Poro Sect Militia (Liberia) Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Liberia) Protesters (Liberia) Rioters (Liberia) Rioters (Nigeria) Sahnquoi Communal Militia (Liberia) Sande Sect Militia (Liberia) Unidentified Armed Group (Ivory Coast) Unidentified Armed Group (Liberia) Vigilante Militia (Liberia)

44 Actor Dictionaries xSub

45 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.25 Libya (1997-2016)

Table 25: Libya Page 1 of Table 25 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1969-2011 Government of Libya , Mili- Former Military Forces of Libya tary Forces of Libya (Special Forces), Police Forces of Libya 2011-2012 Government of Libya, Military Forces of Libya, Police Forces of Libya 2012-2014 Government of Libya, Mili- tary Forces of Libya (Border Guards, Special Forces), Police Forces of Libya 2014- Government of Libya (Gen- Military Forces of Egypt eral National Congress), Mil- itary Forces of Libya (Border Guards, Haftar Faction - Saiqa Forces, Haftar Faction) 2016- Government of Libya (Govern- ment of National Accord), Mil- itary Forces of Libya (Govern- ment of National Accord, Pres- idential Guard), Police Forces of Libya (Criminal Investiga- tions Department) 2014-2016 Police Forces of Libya 2011- UNSMIL: United Nations Sup- port Mission in Libya 1997-2001 Government of Democratic Repub- lic of Congo 1989- Government of Sudan, Military Forces of Sudan 2011-2014 Government of Tunisia, Military Forces of Tunisia National Guard, Police Forces of Tunisia 1986- Government of Uganda 101 Battalion (Tajoura) Civilians (Chad) Ajdabiya Border Division Abu Ghilan Brigade Civilians (Egypt) Ajilat Communal Militia (Libya) Abu Obeida Brigade Civilians (Eritrea) Al-Awfea Ethnic Militia (Libya) Abu Raawi Brigade Civilians (Ethiopia) Al-Barasa Ethnic Militia (Libya) Abu Salim Brigade Civilians (Gambia) Al-Blaza Ethnic Militia (Libya) Abu Salim Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Interna- Al-Qantrar Ethnic Militia (Libya) tional) Ahmad Al-Sharif Battalion Civilians (Libya) Al-Raqaiat Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ajdabiya Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Morocco) Al-Shourafa Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Civilians (Niger) Al Hasawna Ethnic Militia (Libya) Council Al-Buni Brigade Civilians (Nigeria) Al Qaeda Al-Burayqah Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Sierra AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Leone) Maghreb Al-Fateh Al-Jaded Party Civilians (Somalia) Arab Ethnic Militia (Libya) Al-Kanni Brigade Civilians (South Su- Assabie Communal Militia (Libya) dan) Al-Keba Brigade Civilians (Sudan) Awlad Garbou Ethnic Militia (Libya) Al Farouq Brigade Civilians (Tunisia) Awlad Suleiman Ethnic Militia (Libya) Al Qaqa Brigade Bedouin Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ali Hassan Al-Jabar Brigade Ben Nayal Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ansar al-Sharia Benghazi Communal Militia (Libya) National Mobile Force (Libya) Artillery and Missles Brigade Berber Ethnic Militia (Libya) Bab al-Tajoura Brigade Berber Tabu Ethnic Militia (Libya) Bashir Sadawi Brigade Bin Sulaiman Ethnic Militia (Libya) Brega Martyrs Brigade El-Mashashia Ethnic Militia (Libya) Brigades for the Defence of Beng- Firjan Ethnic Militia (Libya) hazi BRSC: Shura Council of Benghazi Revolutionaries CCA: Counter Crime Agency Furqan Brigade Special Deterrence Forces El-Farouk Brigade Garamna Ethnic Militia (Libya) SSC: Supreme Security Com- El-Marsa Brigade Gharyan Communal Militia (Libya) mittee Tawhid al-Salafiya February 17 Martyrs Brigade Gontrar Ethnic Militia (Libya) February 17 Movement Warfallah Ethnic Militia (Libya) Fighters of The Martyrs Brigade Wershefana Communal Militia (Libya) Free Libya Martyrs Brigade Wilad Ali Ethnic Militia (Libya) Ihsan Brigade Yafran Communal Group (Libya) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 25 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Islamic Emirate of Barqa Government of United Arab Emi- rates Islamic State (Cyrenaica Province) Henish Clan Militia (Libya) Islamic State (Fezzan Province) ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Islamic State (Tripoli) Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Libya) Jadu Communal Group (Libya) Janzur Knights Brigade Janzur Communal Militia (Libya) Jibreel Abaya Militia JEM: Justice and Equality Move- ment Khadrawi Clan Militia (Libya) Kiklah Communal Group (Libya) Libya Misratan Mujahideen Kiklah Communal Militia (Libya) Libya Shield Brigade Military Forces of Canada Libyan Rebel Forces Zawiya Communal Group (Libya) LROR: Libya Revolutionaries Op- Military Forces of France erations Room Margahni Clan Militia (Libya) Military Forces of Italy Martyrs Brigade Military Forces of Netherlands Militia (Anti-Government) Zawiya Communal Militia (Libya) Militia (Ibrahim Jadran) Military Forces of the United King- dom Misrata Martyrs Brigade Military Forces of the United States Nahaj Clan Militia (Libya) Zintan Ethnic Group (Libya) Nawasi Brigade Military Forces of Turkey NLA: National Liberation Army Military Forces of United Kingdom Nusur al-Sahel Brigade Military Forces of United States Omar Mukhtar Brigade Misratah Communal Group (Libya) Protesters (Libya) Misratah Communal Militia (Libya) Rafallah Sehati Brigade Msallata Communal Militia (Libya) Revolutionist Council Militia Najaa Ethnic Militia (Libya) Rioters (Libya) Nalut Communal Group (Libya) Sahawat Forces Obeidat Ethnic Militia (Libya) Shield Militia Zintan Ethnic Militia (Libya) Shura Council of Darnah Mujahidin Prison Guards (Libya) Shura Council of the Mujahideen Private Security Forces (Italy) Surman Shura Council of Islamic Youth Private Security Forces (Libya) Sixth Security Brigade Private Security Forces (Sudan) Subol Al-Salam Brigade Protesters (Egypt) Tiger Militia Protesters (Ethiopia) Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade Qadhadhfa Ethnic Militia (Libya) (First Division) Tripoli Revolutionaries Brigade Rajiban Communal Group (Libya) Truth Martyrs Rioters (Chad) Uqba ibn Nafi Militia Rioters (Egypt) Vigilante Militia (Libya) Rioters (Ethiopia) Zawiya Martyrs Brigade Rioters (International) Zintan Martyrs Brigade Sabha Communal Militia (Libya) Sabratha Communal Group (Libya) Sabratha Communal Militia (Libya) Seaan Ethnic Militia (Libya) Shaafyin Ethnic Militia (Libya) SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Liber- ation Movement/Army (Minnawi Faction) Surman Communal Group (Libya) Surman Communal Militia (Libya) Tabu Ethnic Group (Libya) Tabu Ethnic Militia (Libya) Tajoura Communal Militia (Libya) Tarhouna Communal Militia (Libya) The Rapid Intervention Force Those Who Signed in Blood Tripoli Communal Militia (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Group (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Libya) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Mali) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Alge- ria) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Tunisia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Libya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Libya) Zliten Communal Group (Libya) Zultan Communal Group (Libya) Zuwarah Communal Militia (Libya) Zwai Ethnic Militia (Libya)

47 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.26 Madagascar (1997-2016)

Table 26: Madagascar Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009-2014 Government of Madagascar, Mutiny of Military Forces of Mada- Military Forces of Madagascar gascar (Gendarmerie, Special Forma- tions Command), Police Forces of Madagascar 2014- Government of Madagascar, Military Forces of Madagascar (Gendarmerie), Police Forces of Madagascar (Security and Special Interventions Group) 1997-2002 Military Forces of Madagascar 2002-2009 Military Forces of Madagascar, Mutiny of Military Forces of Mada- Police Forces of Madagascar gascar (General Andrianafidisoa Faction) 1996-2002 Police Forces of Madagascar 3FN: Three National Forces Dahalo Militia Civilians (Interna- Andakoro Communal Militia tional) (Madagascar) DNS: Defenders of National Civilians (Madagas- Antandroy Ethnic Militia (Mada- Sovereignty car) gasacar) Foroche Militia Civilians (South Banonoky Mahazoarivo Communal Africa) Militia (Madagascar) Protesters (Madagascar) Bechuka Communal Militia (Mada- gascar) Rioters Beharona Communal Militia Vigilante Militia Betanatanana Communal Militia Betioky-Sud Communal Militia Bwasarsud Communal Militia Emanombo Communal Militia Esira Communal Militia Fenoevo Communal Militia Fokonolona Communal Militia Maromby Communal Militia Merina Ethnic Militia Pirates (Somalia) TGV: Determined Malagasy Private Security Forces (Madagas- Youth car) TIM: I Love Madagascar Ranomafana Communal Militia (Madagascar) Rioters (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group Unidentified Communal Militia Unidentified Ethnic Militia

2.27 Malawi (1997-2016)

Table 27: Malawi Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994-2004 Military Forces of Malawi, Po- lice Forces of Malawi 2014- Military Forces of Malawi, Po- lice Forces of Malawi 2004-2012 Police Forces of Malawi 2012-2014 Police Forces of Malawi Anti-Mutharika Party MYP: Malawi Young Pioneers Civilians (Malawi) Alimitambo Communal Militia (Malawi) DPP: Democratic Progressive Private Security Forces (Malawi) Party MCP: Malawi Congress Party Protesters (Malawi) MYP: Malawi Young Pioneers Vigilante Militia (Malawi) NDA: National Democratic Al- Young Democrats liance PP: Peoples Party Unidentified Armed Group (Malawi) UDF: United Democratic Front Rioters (Malawi) AFORD: AD: Alliance for Muslim Militia (Malawi) Democracy Militia

48 Actor Dictionaries xSub

49 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.28 Mali (1997-2016)

Table 28: Mali Page 1 of Table 28 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012-2013 Government of Mali, Military Forces of Mali, Police Forces of Mali 2013- Government of Mali, Military Mutiny of Military Forces of Mali MINUSMA: United Nations Mul- Forces of Mali (Special Forces), tidimensional Integrated Stabiliza- Police Forces of Mali (Gen- tion Mission in Mali, Mutiny of MI- darmerie) NUSMA: United Nations Multidi- mensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali 1992-2002 Military Forces of Mali, Police Forces of Mali 2002-2012 Military Forces of Mali, Police Mutiny of Military Forces of Mali Forces of Mali 1999- Military Forces of Algeria 1987-2014 Military Forces of Burkina Faso 1990- Military Forces of Chad 2009- Military Forces of Mauritania 2011- Military Forces of Niger 1999-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria 2012- Military Forces of Senegal, MISMA: International Support Mission for Mali 2005- Military Forces of Togo ADEMA-PASJ: Alliance for ADC: Democratic Alliance of 23rd Civilians (Mali) Al-Ajwad Communal Militia (Mali) Democracy in Mali - Pan- May for Change African Party for Liberty, Soli- darity and Justice CMA: Coordination of Move- Al Furqan Battalion Civilians (Algeria) Arab Ethnic Militia (Mali) ments of the Azawad GATIA: Imghad Tuareg and Al Mourabitoune Battalion Civilians (Interna- Berdossou Communal Militia Allies Self-Defense Group tional) (Mali) Government of France Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Maurita- Boko Haram - Jamaatu Ahli is- nia) Sunnah lid-Dawatai wal-Jihad HCUA: High Council for the Ansar Dine Civilians (Niger) Dawsahak Ethnic Militia (Mali) Unity of Azawad High Council for the Azawad ANSIPRJ: National Alliance for Civilians (Nigeria) Diandioumbera Communal Militia the Protection of the Fulani Iden- (Mali) tity and the Restoration of Justice (Cisse Faction) Militia (Pro-Government) ANSIPRJ: National Alliance for the Civilians (South Su- Djigueni Ethnic Militia (Maurita- Protection of the Fulani Identity dan) nia) and the Restoration of Justice AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Dogon Ethnic Militia (Burkina Maghreb Faso) ATNMC: North Mali Tuareg Al- Dogon Ethnic Militia (Mali) liance for Change CPA: Azawad Peoples Coalition Douentza Communal Militia (Mali) FLM: Macina Liberation Movement FNCI: New Forces of Ivory Coast FNLA: National Liberation Front of Fula Ethnic Militia (Burkina Faso) Azawad FPR: Patriotic Forces of Resistance Fulani Ethnic Militia (Mali) GMA: Mourabitounes Group of Gaberi Communal Militia (Mali) Azawad GSPC: Salafist Group for Call and Ganda Izo Ethnic Militia (Mali) Combat MAA: Arab Movement of the Aza- Gandakoy Ethinic Militia (Mali) wad MIA: Islamic Movement of Azawad Guavinane Communal Militia (Mali) MNLA: National Movement for the Hombori Militia Liberation of Azawad Movement of the Liberation of Ibogholitane Ethnic Militia (Mali) Maasina MPLA: Popular Movement for the Idnan Ethnic Militia (Mali) Liberation of Azawad MPRLT: Patriots Resistance Move- Ifogha Ethnic Militia (Mali) ment for the Liberation of Tim- buktu MUJAO: Movement for Unity and International Committee of the Red Jihad in West Africa Cross and Red Crescent Islamist Militia (Mali) Karatou Communal Militia (Mali) Those Who Signed in Blood Kayobogo Ethnic Militia (Mali) Kidal Communal Militia (Mali) Kirane Communal Militia (Mali) Kounta Ethnic Militia (Mali) Koussouma Communal Militia (Mali) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 28 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Military Forces of China Military Forces of France Military Forces of United Kingdom Military Forces of United States Militia (Miners) Militia (Students) Missira Samoura Ethnic Militia (Mali) Mougna Communal Militia (Mali) Nielimala Communal Militia (Guinea) Polisario Front Prison Guards (Mali) Private Security Forces (Mali) Protesters (Mali) Rioters (Mali) Sao Ethnic Militia (Mali) Sero Diamanou Ethnic Militia (Mali) Shiite Muslim Militia (Mali) Sirranikoro Ethnic Militia (Mali) Songhai Ethnic Militia (Mali) Soninke Ethnic Militia (Mali) Sunni Muslim Militia (Mali) Tilemsi Communal Militia (Mali) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Communal Militia (Guinea) Vigilante Militia (Mali)

2.29 Mauritania (1997-2016)

Table 29: Mauritania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009- Government of Mauritania, Military Forces of Mauritania (Presidential Security Unit), Police Forces of Mauritania 1984-2005 Military Forces of Mauritania, Mutiny of Military Forces of Mau- Police Forces of Mauritania ritania 2007-2008 Military Forces of Mauritania, Police Forces of Mauritania 2008-2009 Military Forces of Mauritania, Police Forces of Mauritania 2012-2013 Police Forces of Mali Government of Mali 2005-2007 Police Forces of Mauritania 2011- Government of Niger 2013- Military Forces of Mali 1981-2000 Military Forces of Senegal 2000-2012 Military Forces of Senegal Knights of Change Civilians (Maurita- AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic nia) Maghreb Civilians (Interna- Djigueni Ethnic Militia (Maurita- tional) nia) Civilians (Senegal) GSPC: Salafist Group for Call and Combat Civilians (Mali) Islamist Militia (Mauritania) MFDC: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance Military Forces of Israel Missira Samoura Ethnic Militia (Mali) Prison Guards (Mauritania) Protesters (Mali) Protesters (Mauritania) Protesters (Senegal) Rioters (Mali) Rioters (Mauritania) Unidentified Armed Group (Mauri- tania) Unity, Justice and Equality Front in Mauritania

51 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.30 Morocco (1997-2016)

Table 30: Morocco Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1961-1999 Government of Morocco, Police Forces of Morocco 1999- Government of Morocco, Mili- Military Forces of Algeria tary Forces of Morocco, Police Forces of Morocco 2014- Government of Libya (General Na- tional Congress, House of Represen- tatives) 1994-1999 Military Forces of Algeria 2011- UNSMIL: United Nations Support Mission in Libya Bloc Democratique Party Sup- Al-Salafiya Al Jihadia Civilians (Morocco) Al-Shabiba Al-Islamiyah porters Entente Nationale Party Ansar al-Mehdi Civilians (Algeria) Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Democratic Al Qaeda Republic of Congo) Assirat Al-Moustaquim Civilians (Interna- AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic tional) Maghreb February 20 Movement Civilians (Ivory Commission to Promote Virtue and Coast) Prevent Vice MP: Popular Movement Polisario Front GIA: Armed Islamic Group Salafia Jihadia Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Morocco) Military Forces of Spain Militia (Students) MUJAO: Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa Muslim Militia (Morocco) Police Forces of Spain Prison Guards (Morocco) Private Security Forces (Morocco) Protesters (International) Protesters (Morocco) Rioters (Cameroon) Rioters (International) Rioters (Mali) Rioters (Morocco) Rioters (Senegal) Unidentified Armed Group (Alge- ria) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Mo- rocco) Unidentified Armed Group (Sene- gal) Vigilante Militia (Morocco)

52 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.31 Mozambique (1997-2016)

Table 31: Mozambique Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990- Government of Mozambique, Military Forces of Mozambique (Presidential Security Unit), Police Forces of Mozambique (Anti-Poaching Unit, Mozam- bican Frontier Guard) 2005- Military Forces of Mozambique 1994- Military Forces of South Africa 1987- Military Forces of Zimbabwe 2004-2012 Police Forces of Malawi FRELIMO: Liberation Front of RENAMO: Mozambican National Civilians (Mozam- EMOCHM: Military Observation Mozambique Resistance bique) Team on the Cessation of Hostilities MDM: Mozambique Demo- Civilians (Democratic cratic Movement Republic of Congo) Civilians (Malawi) Prison Guards (Mozambique) Civilians (Nigeria) Private Security Forces (Mozam- bique) Civilians (Rwanda) Protesters (Mozambique) Civilians (Somalia) Rioters (International) Civilians (South Rioters (Malawi) Africa) Civilians (Zimbabwe) Rioters (Mozambique) Civilians (Interna- Unidentified Armed Group tional) (Malawi) Civilians (Burundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Mozambique) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Soma- lia) Vigilante Militia (Mozambique) Vigilante Militia (South Africa)

2.32 Namibia (1997-2016)

Table 32: Namibia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990- Military Forces of Namibia, Po- lice Forces of Namibia (Special Reserve Force) 1975- Military Forces of Angola 1966- Military Forces of Botswana APP: All Peoples Party CLA: Caprivi Liberation Army Civilians (Namibia) Aakwanyama Ethnic Militia (Namibia) RDP: Rally for Democracy and Concerned Caprivians Political Civilians (Angola) Aandonga Ethnic Militia (Namibia) Progress Group SWAPO: South West Africa Civilians (Interna- Berseba Communal Militia Peoples Organisation tional) (Namibia) SWANU: South West Africa Herero Ethnic Militia (Namibia) National Union Militia Maharero Royal Traditional Au- thority MPLA: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola Private Security Forces (Namibia) Private Security Forces (Nigeria) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (International) Protesters (Namibia) Rioters (Namibia) Unidentified Armed Group (An- gola) Unidentified Armed Group (Namibia) UNITA: National Union for the To- tal Independence of Angola Vigilante Militia (Namibia)

53 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.33 Niger (1997-2016)

Table 33: Niger Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011- Government of Niger, Military Mutiny of Military Forces of Niger Forces of Niger (Gendarmerie), Police Forces of Niger 1996-1999 Military Forces of Niger, Police Mutiny of Military Forces of Niger Forces of Niger 1999-2010 Military Forces of Niger, Police Mutiny of Military Forces of Niger Forces of Niger 2010-2011 Military Forces of Niger, Police Mutiny of Military Forces of Niger Forces of Niger 2000-2010 Police Forces of Niger Mutiny of Military Forces of Niger 1999- Military Forces of Algeria 1990- Military Forces of Chad 2012-2013 Military Forces of Mali 1999-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria, Police Forces of Nigeria FRDD: Front for the Restora- AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Civilians (Niger) ADIN: Association for the Propaga- tion and Defence of Democracy Maghreb tion of Islam in Niger Militia (Pro-Government) Boko Haram - Jamaatu Ahli is- Civilians (Interna- Adoua Ethnic Militia (Niger) Sunnah lid-Dawatai wal-Jihad tional) Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Al-Sunna wal Jamma Militia Ifriqiyyah Emirate of the Sahara Ansar Dine FARS: Revolutionary Armed Forces Diawondo Ethnic Militia (Niger) of the Sahara FDR: Democratic Front for Re- Djermas Ethnic Militia (Niger) newal FLAA: The Air and Azawagh Lib- Dosso Ethnic Militia (Niger) eration Front MJRN: Movement for Justice and Fassi Ethnic Militia (Niger) the Rehabilitation of Niger MNJ: Nigerien Movement for Jus- Fulani Ethnic Militia (Niger) tice GMA: Mourabitounes Group of Azawad Gogone Communal Militia (Niger) GSPC: Salafist Group for Call and Combat Hausa Ethnic Militia (Niger) Hausa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Islamist Militia (Algeria) Islamist Militia (Niger) Koglweogo Militia Military Forces of France Military Forces of United States MNLA: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad MUJAO: Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa Nupe Ethnic Militia (Niger) Protesters (Niger) Rioters (Benin) Rioters (Niger) Those Who Signed in Blood Toubou Ethnic Militia (Niger) Toumour Communal Militia (Niger) Tuareg Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (Niger) Unidentified Communal Militia (Niger) Vigilante Militia (Niger) Waze Ethnic Militia (Niger)

54 Actor Dictionaries xSub

55 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.34 Nigeria (1997-2016)

Table 34: Nigeria Page 1 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015- Government of Nigeria, Mili- tary Forces of Nigeria (Joint Task Force), Police Forces of Nigeria 1993-1999 Military Forces of Nigeria, Po- lice Forces of Nigeria 1999-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria Mutiny of Military Forces of Nigeria (Joint Task Force), Police Forces of Nigeria, Government of Nigeria 2006-2016 Military Forces of Benin 1982- Military Forces of Cameroon, Police Forces of Cameroon 1990- Military Forces of Chad 1984-1999 Military Forces of Guinea-Bissau 2011- Military Forces of Niger 1989- Military Forces of Sudan 1999-2000 Mutiny of Military Forces of Guinea-Bissau 2000-2010 Police Forces of Niger AC: Action Congress Ansaru Civilians (Nigeria) ”Taliban” Militia AD: Alliance for Democracy Boko Haram - Jamaatu Ahli is- Civilians (Cameroon) Achaba Riders Militia Sunnah lid-Dawatai wal-Jihad AHOI: Amabolu High Opera- Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Civilians (Chad) Adadama Communal Militia (Nige- tional Integrity Ifriqiyyah (Barnawi Faction) ria) ANPP: All Nigeria Peoples Boko Haram - Wilayat Gharb Civilians (Egypt) Ado Communal Militia (Nigeria) Party Ifriqiyyah AP: Accord Party BZM: Biafra Zionist Movement Civilians (Interna- Affa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) tional) AP: Action Party CML: Concerned Militant Leaders Civilians (Libya) Afiesere Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) APC: All Progressives CPYV: Community Policing Youth Civilians (Niger) Agatu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Congress Vanguard APGA: All Progressives Grand Fighters of The Martyrs Brigade Civilians (Sierra Agbaja Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Alliance Party Leone) APP: All Peoples Party INMPD: Iduwini National Move- Civilians (South Agbekoya Militia ment for Peace and Development Africa) BVYG: Borno Vigilance IPOB: Indigenous Peoples of Biafra Agege Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Youths Group Civilian JTF: Civilian Joint KORAN: Keke Owners and Riders Agila Communal Militia (Nigeria) Task Force Association of Nigeria Militia CNC: Congress for National Martyrs Brigade Aguleri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Consensus Party CPC: Congress for Progressive MASSOB-Uwazuruike: Movement AIYO: Association of Igbo Youth Change for the Actualization of a Sovereign Organisation State of Biafra (Uwazuruike Fac- tion) DPP: Democratic Peoples MASSOB: Movement for the Actu- Ajah Communal Militia (Nigeria) Party alization of a Sovereign State of Bi- afra MEND: Movement for the Emanci- Ajasor Communal Militia (Nigeria) pation of the Niger Delta Labour Party Militia (Ndigbara) Akan Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Militia (Oil Workers) Akassa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Militia (Rochas Okorocha) Akungba Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Militia (Terwase Agwaza) Al-Sunna wal Jamma Militia MONDP: Movement for the Niger Aladja Communal Militia (Nigeria) Delta People Mutiny of AD: Alliance for Democ- Alago Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) racy Militia (Emeka Ihedioha) Alakuko Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Militia (Pro-Government) NADECO: National Democratic Alhaji Ardo Militia Coalition Militia NLC: Nigeria Labour Congress NDA: Niger Delta Avengers Amadi Ama-Okrika Communal Militia (Nigeria) NSCDC: Nigeria Security and NDFF: Niger Delta Freedom Fight- Amagu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Civil Defence Corps ers PDP: Peoples Democratic NDLF: Niger Delta Liberation Amai Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Party Force PDP: Progressive Democratic NDV: Niger Delta Vigilant Militia Amokwu Affa Communal Militia Party (Daniel Faction) (Nigeria) PDP: Progressive Democratic Nigerian Liberation Organization Anahutas Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Party (Obasanjo Faction) Militia Northern Peoples Congress Militia ANCA: Customs Clearing Agents UAD: United Action for Democracy Andoni Communal Militia (Nigeria) Militia Anguwan Rimi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Continued on next page

56 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Rambo Group Militia Arab Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) RPN: Republican Party of Araromi Communal Militia (Nige- Nigeria ria) RSISTF: Rivers State Internal Area Boys Militia Security Task Force VGN: Vigilante Group of Nige- Ashonwo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) ria Asipa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Attagara Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Awori Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ayele Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bajju Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Bakassi Boys Militia Barako Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bassa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Bekuma Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Beletiama Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Benekuku Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Berom Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Biafra Communal Militia (Nigeria) Bille Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Bini Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Biro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Biseni Communal Militia (Nigeria) Black Axe Student Militia Black Beret Student Militia Boje Communal Militia (Nigeria) Borno Communal Militia (Nigeria) BSDF: Bakassi Self Determination Front BSF: Bakassi Strike Force Campus Cult Militia Chala Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Chamba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Chanchangi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Changai Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Christian Militia (Nigeria) Christian Youth Sect (Nigeria) Concerned Ilaje Citizens Militia Dadiya Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Dan Zara Communal Militia (Nige- ria) DDM: Delta Democratic Militia Deebam Militia Deeken Communal Militia (Nigeria) Deken Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Deleugbene Communal Militia (Nigeria) Deyor Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Doemak Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Doko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Dzev Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ebira Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ede Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ediba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Edumoga Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Effurun Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Efik Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Efraya Communal Militia (Nigeria) Egbas Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Egbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Egbema Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Egbesu Boys Militia Eggon Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) EGTL: Escravos-Gas-to-Liquid Workers Ehinogbe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ejuona Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ekakpamre Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ekeremor Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ekingbo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ekori Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ekpedo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Eleme Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Emegi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Enin Ogbe Boys Militia Continued on next page

57 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Enwhe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Erin-Ile Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Erunmu Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Esa-Oke Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Esenasawo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Etegbin Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Etti Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Evwreni Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Eye Confraternity Militia (Stu- dents) Ezillo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ezionum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ezza Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Fansuwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) FERMA: Federal Emergency Road Maintenance Agency Fokpo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Chad) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ganmo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ganna Communal Militia (Nigeria) Gbagyi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gberesaakoo Boys Militia Gbondifu Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Gelegele Communal Militia (Nige- ria) German Boys Militia Gindiri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gwandara Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Gwani Communal Militia (Nigeria) Hausa-Fulani Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Hausa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ibabu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ibanuha Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ibeno Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ibibio Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ido-Osun Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Idoma Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ife Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ifiayong Usuk Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Igbarra Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Igbide Communal Militia (Nigeria) Igbo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Igede Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Iggah Communal Militia (Nigeria) Iheagwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ihetazi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ijaw Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ijegwu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Iju Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ikpokpo Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ilajes Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ile-Ife Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ilogo Communal Militia (Nigeria) IM: Islamic Movement Imakun Omi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Imorere Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Inyima Communal Militia (Nigeria) Inyimagu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ipaav Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ipetumodu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Irigwe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Isaba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Isalako Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Iselegu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Isgogo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ishi Ozalla Communal Militia (Nigeria) Islamist Militia (Nigeria) ISN: Imo Security Network Isoko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Isongujero Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ita Ogbolu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Itsekiri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Izago Communal Militia (Nigeria) Continued on next page

58 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other JAC: Joint Action Committtee JAF: Joint Action Front Jeddo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Jie Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Jubrin Gunda Militia Jukun-Chamba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Jukun Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Junior Vikings Confraternity Kafanchan Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kalabari Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kalo-Kato Militia Kaltungo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kanberi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kaningkon Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kanuri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kawuri Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ke Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kinafa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kirikasama Communal Militia (Nigeria) KMS: Kamarudeen Muslim Society Kogi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kolama Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Koluama Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Koro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kparev Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kpatsuwa Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Kuchita Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kudung Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Kufai Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kulishi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kundum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kurama Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kuteb Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kutep Communal Militia (Nigeria) Kutia Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kwala Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Kwara Communal Militia (Nigeria) Lafia Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Lagos Communal Militia (Nigeria) Lalupon Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Lassa Communal Militia (Nigeria) LASTMA: Lagos State Traffic Man- agement Authority Lemfa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Liama Communal Militia (Nigeria) LSETF: Lagos State Environmental Task Force Maitasine Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Mambilla Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Manfile Confraternities Militia Marwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mbakyaa Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Mbiakong Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mbukpa Militia Miango Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Military Forces of United States Militia (Federal Road Maintenance Agency) Militia (Street Traders) Militia (Students) Minda Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Mkpani Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Mkpumaekweoku Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Modakeke Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Modeke Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Moroa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) MOSOP: Movement for the Sur- vival of the Ogoni People Muslim Militia (Nigeria) Muslim Youth Sect (Nigeria) Mutiny of Military Forces of Guinea-Bissau (1999-2000) Mutiny of MOSOP: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People Continued on next page

59 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 5 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Mutiny of OPC: Oodua Peoples Congress Mutiny of PDP: Peoples Democrac- tic Party NANS: National Association of Nigerian Students Nassarawa Gwom Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) National Youth Council of Nigeria Ndafu Communal Militia (Nigeria) NDGJM: Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate NDLEA: National Drug Law En- forcement Agency Ndoro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) NDPVF: Niger Delta Peoples Vol- unteer Force Nko Communal Militia (Nigeria) NPDC: Nigeria Petroleum Develop- ment Company NPS: Nigerian Prisons Service Guards Nsadop Communal Militia (Nige- ria) NURTW: National Union of Road Transport Workers Nweviara Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Nyeswe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Obehira Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Obgunabali-Ikwewe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oboro Communal Militia (Nigeria) Obosi Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ochon Communal Militia (Nigeria) Odekpe Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Odimodi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Odukpani Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ofagbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) OFF: Otugas Fire Force Offa Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ofutop Communal Militia (Nigeria) Ogbe-Ijoh Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ogbogo Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ogboji Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oghorho-Uwheru Communal Mili- tia (Nigeria) Ogidi Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ogoni Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ogori Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ogulagha Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ogume Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okada Motorcycle Militia Oke-Ogbo Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Oke Afa Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Okene Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okitipupa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oko Igboko Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okodia Communal Militia (Nigiera) Okpanan Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Okpe Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Okpella Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Okpoga Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Okrika Communal Militia (Nigeria) Okunran Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Okworogwong Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) Olakojo Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Oleh Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ologba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Olomoro Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Olowo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Olpoma Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Continued on next page 60 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 6 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Onicha Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oniko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Onitsha Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Onogboko Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Onweonweiya Communal Militia (Nigeria) Onyadama Communal Militia (Nigeria) OPC: Oodua Peoples Congress Operation Fire for Fire Militia Opobo Youths Federation Militia Oruku Communal Militia (Nigeria) Otugwang Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Otuo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Owo Communal Militia (Nigeria) Owu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Oyaba Communal Militia (Nigeria) Oyinmo Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Pai Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Panyam Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Pirates (Nigeria) Prison Guards (Nigeria) Private Security Forces (Ivory Coast) Private Security Forces (Nigeria) Protesters (International) Protesters (Nigeria) Pwel Communal Militia (Nigeria) Rioters (Nigeria) Riyom Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) RTEAN: Road Transport Employ- ers Association of Nigeria RUF: Revolutionary United Front Rukuba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Rumu Communal Militia (Nigeria) Saki Communal Militia (Nigeria) Saro-Wiwa Militia Share Communal Militia (Nigeria) Shibiri Communal Militia (Nigeria) Shiite Muslim Militia (Nigeria) Shumo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Shuwa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Move- ment/Army Sunni Muslim Militia (Nigeria) Taliban Militia (Nigeria) Tarok Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) The Eiye Confraternity The Makfite Confraternity Tiv Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Tsaragi Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Tumbashi Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Udawa Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Udeni-Gida Communal Militia (Nigeria) Udu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ugbene Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Ukan Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ukele Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Ukum Communal Militia (Nigeria) Umuapu Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Umuchukwu Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Umuleri Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Umuode Communal Militia (Nige- ria) Umuoka Communal Militia (Nige- ria) UN: United Nations Uneme Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Armed Group (Benin) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana) Unidentified Armed Group (Niger) Unidentified Armed Group (Nige- ria) Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Cameroon) Continued on next page 61 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 7 of Table 34 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Chad) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Niger) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Nige- ria) URGENT Militants Urhobo Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Usumotong Communal Militia (Nigeria) Utagbaogbe Communal Militia (Nigeria) Uvwie Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Viking 22 Student Militia Waja Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Warte Communal Militia (Nigeria) Wukari Communal Militia (Nigeria) Wurkum Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Yanbola Street Gang Yangwoza Street Gang Yoruba Ethnic Militia (Nigeria) Yugur Ethnic Militia (Nigeria)

2.35 Republic of Congo (1997-2016)

Table 35: Republic of Congo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997- Government of Republic of Congo 1992- Military Forces of Republic of Congo (Gendarmerie) MLC: Movement for the Liber- Cobras Militia Civilians (Republic of Anti-Balaka ation of Congo Congo) PCT: Congolese Labour Party Cocoye Militia Civilians (Democratic Re- Enyele Ethnic Militia (Democratic public of Congo) Republic of Congo) 1992- Police Forces of Republic of Congo RDD: Rally for Democracy and FLEC: Front for the Liberation Civilians (Gabon) Development of the Enclave of Cabinda Ninjas Militia Civilians (International) Ninjas Militia (Nsiloulou Fac- tion) 1973-1994 Former Military Forces of Rwanda 2014-2016 Government of Central African Re- public 1975- Military Forces of Angola 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo Military Forces of France Mutiny of Cobras Militia Protesters (International) Protesters (Republic of Congo) Rioters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Republic of Congo) Seleka Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Demo- cratic Republic of Congo) Unidentified Armed Group (Repub- lic of Congo)

62 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.36 Rwanda (1997-2016)

Table 36: Rwanda Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994- Government of Rwanda, Mili- tary Forces of Rwanda, Police Forces of Rwanda 1973-1994 Former Military Forces of Rwanda 1996-2005 Military Forces of Burundi 2001- Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo, Mutiny of Mili- tary Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo 2010- MONUSCO: United Nations Or- ganization Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo 2005- Mutiny of Military Forces of Bu- rundi Interahamwe Militia ALIR: Army for the Liberation of Civilians (Rwanda) CNDP: National Congress for the Rwanda Defence of the People LDF: Local Defence Force FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Civilians (Burundi) Liberation of Rwanda M23: March 23 Movement Hutu Rebels Civilians (Democratic Hutu Ethnic Militia (Rwanda) Republic of Congo) RCD-Goma: Rally for Con- Militia (Col. Norbert Ndererimana) Civilians (Interna- Islamist Militia (Rwanda) golese Democracy (Goma) tional) Civilians (Liberia) Protesters (Burundi) Protesters (Rwanda) Rioters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Rwanda) Tutsi Ethnic Militia (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- rundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Vigilante Militia (Rwanda)

63 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.37 Senegal (1997-2016)

Table 37: Senegal Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000-2012 Government of Senegal, Mili- tary Forces of Senegal, Police Forces of Senegal 2012- Government of Senegal, Mili- tary Forces of Senegal (Gen- darmerie), Police Forces of Senegal 1981-2000 Military Forces of Senegal, Po- lice Forces of Senegal 2005-2009 Military Forces of Guinea-Bissau 2002-2012 Government of Mali APR: Alliance for the Republic MFDC: Movement of Democratic Civilians (Senegal) Fanaye Communal Militia (Senegal) Forces of Casamance CS: Socialist Convergence Civilians (Chad) Fulani Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Party Mouride Brotherhood Militia Civilians (Liberia) Kharakhena Communal Militia (Senegal) Civilians (Nigeria) Kidira Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Civilians (South Malinke Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Africa) Civilians (Interna- Medina Beye Communal Militia tional) (Senegal) Military Forces of France Opposition Parties Ndiobene Galo Communal Militia (Senegal) PDS: Senegalese Democratic Prison Guards (Senegal) Party Private Security Forces (Senegal) Protesters (Guinea-Bissau) Protesters (Mauritania) Senegalese Democratic Party Protesters (Republic of Congo) Socialist Party Protesters (Senegal) Rioters (Mauritania) Rioters (Nigeria) Rioters (Senegal) Sebbes Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Torodo Ethnic Militia (Senegal) Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- rundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea-Bissau) Unidentified Armed Group (Mauri- tania) Unidentified Armed Group (Sene- gal) Unidentified Communal Militia (Guinea-Bissau) Unidentified Communal Militia (Senegal) Vigilante Militia (Senegal) Wolof Ethnic Militia (Senegal)

64 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.38 Sierra Leone (1997-2016)

Table 38: Sierra Leone Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998-2007 Government of Sierra Leone, Military Forces of Sierra Leone, Police Forces of Sierra Leone 2007- Government of Sierra Leone, Military Forces of Sierra, Police Forces of Sierra Leone 1996-1997 Military Forces of Sierra Leone 1997-1998 Military Forces of Sierra Leone 1984-2008 Military Forces of Guinea 1997-2003 Military Forces of Liberia 1993-1999 Military Forces of Nigeria 1999-2015 Military Forces of Nigeria 1999-2005 UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone APC: All Peoples Congress AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Civilians (Sierra Christian Militia (Sierra Leone) ary Council (Advance Team 1) Leone) CDF: Civil Defence Forces AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Civilians (Interna- ECOMOG: Economic Community ary Council (Advance Team 2) tional) of West African States Monitoring Group Donsos Militia-CDF Unit AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Former AFRC: Armed Forces Rev- (Sierra Leone) ary Council (Advance Teams) olutionary Council AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Fulani Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) ary Council AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Gbethis Ethnic Militia (Sierra ary Council (JPK, 55 and Bazzy Leone) Faction) Kamajor Militia (CDF Unit) AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Gbethis Militia (CDF Unit) ary Council (SAJ Faction) AFRC: Armed Forces Revolution- Kakula Militia ary Council (Superman Faction) Alikalia Militia Kamajor Militia ULIMO: United Liberation I-RUF: Revolutionary United Front Kamara Communal Militia (Sierra Movement of Liberia for (Superman Faction) Leone) Democracy SLPP: Sierra Leone Peoples RUF: Revolutionary United Front Kulanakor Militia Party NCDDR: National Commission RUF: Revolutionary United Front LURD: Liberians United for Recon- for Disarmament, Demobiliza- (Makeni Faction) ciliation and Democracy tion and Reingration PMDC: Peoples Movement for RUF: Revolutionary United Front Madingo Ethnic Militia (Sierra Democratic Change (Superman Faction) Leone) West Side Boys Militia Malinke Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) Military Forces of United Kingdom Militia (Superman Faction) MILOBS: Military Observers Sec- tion (United Kingdom) Nogobabulum Chieftaincy Militia (Sierra Leone) OBHS: Organized Body of Hunters Society Poro Sect Militia (Sierra Leone) Protesters (Guinea) Protesters (Sierra Leone) Red Flag Movement Rioters (Liberia) Rioters (Sierra Leone) Susa Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) Tamaboros Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) UNAMSIL: United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (1999-2005) Unidentified Armed Group (Guinea) Unidentified Armed Group (Sierra Leone) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sierra Leone) Vigilante Militia (Guinea) Vigilante Militia (Sierra Leone) West Side Boys Militia (Demobi- lized) Yibaya Militia

65 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.39 Somalia (1997-2016)

Table 39: Somalia Page 1 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2007- AMISOM: African Union Mis- sion in Somalia (Burundi, Dji- bouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Uganda) 2008- EU NAVFOR: European Union Naval Force Somalia 1998- Government of Puntland, Ma- rine Police Forces of Puntland, Military Forces of Puntland (Abdi Yare Faction, Galan Faction, Muhyidin Faction, Darawish, Intelligence Agency, Presidential Security Unit), Police Forces of Puntland 2004-2012 Government of Somalia, Mutiny of Military Forces of Soma- Former Military Forces of Somalia Military Forces of Somalia lia (Galkayo Administration, Galmudug Administration), Military Forces of Somalia Presidential Security Unit, Police Forces of Somalia, Police Forces of Somalia Gal- mudug Administration, Police Forces of Somalia Presidential Security Unit 2012- Government of Somalia, Mili- Mutiny of Military Forces of Soma- tary Forces of Somalia (Ahmed lia Garuun Faction, Fargeeti Fac- tion), Police Forces of Somalia 1999- Military Forces of Djibouti 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia, Mutiny of Military Forces of Soma- Police Forces of Ethiopia Liyu Divi- Military Forces of Somaliland, liland sion Police Forces of Somaliland 2013- Military Forces of Jubaland, Police Forces of Kenya Military Forces of Kenya, Po- lice Forces of Jubaland 2002-2013 Military Forces of Kenya (Gen- Police Forces of Kenya eral Service Unit) 1998-2000 Military Forces of Somalia, Po- lice Forces of Somalia 2000-2004 Military Forces of Somalia, Po- lice Forces of Somalia 2005- Military Forces of Burundi 2009-2016 Operation Ocean Shield: NATO Mission in the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea AIAI: Al-Itihad Al-Islamia Civilians (Egypt) Aasi Clan Militia (Somalia) Al-Muhaajiriin Civilians (Ethiopia) Abasguul Clan Militia (Somalia) Al Shabaab Civilians (Interna- Abdalla-Agonyar Sub-Clan Militia tional) (Somalia) ARPCT: Alliance for the Restora- Civilians (Kenya) Abdalla-Arab Sub-Clan Militia (So- tion of Peace and Counter- malia) Terrorism ARS-Asmara: Alliance for Re- Civilians (Libya) Abdalla-Arone Sub-Clan Militia Liberation of Somalia-Asmara (Somalia) ARS-Djibouti: Alliance for Re- Civilians (Somalia) Abdalla-Galmaah Sub-Clan Militia Liberation of Somalia-Djibouti (Somalia) ASWJ-Sufa: Ahlu Sunna Wal Ja- Civilians (South Abdalla Clan Militia (Somalia) maa (Sufa Faction) Africa) CCIC: Consultative Council of ASWJ: Ahlu Sunna Wal Jamaa Civilians (Tanzania) Abdulkadir Mumin Militia Islamic Courts COSIC: Council of Somali Is- Himan and Heeb Administration Abgal-Abdalla Arone Sub-Clan lamic Courts Militia Militia (Somalia) Dalsan Party Militia Hiran Administration Militia Abgal-Agonyar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Digil Salvation Army ICU-Asmara: Islamic Courts Abgal-Celi Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- Union-Asmara lia) ICU: Islamic Courts Union Abgal-Daud Clan Militia (Somalia) Isiolo Militia Abgal-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Islamist Militia (Somalia) Abgal-Kabale Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Jowhar Administration Militia Abgal-Mohamed Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Kulmiye Party JVA: Juba Valley Alliance Abgal-Reer Matan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page

66 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Khatumo Regional Militia (Soma- Abgal-Wabudhan-Mohamed Muse lia) Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) MDF: Medina District Forces Laantabur Militia (Somalia) Abgal-Warsangeli Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) LSPG: Lower Shabelle Peoples Abgal Clan Militia (Somalia) Guard Macaswiley Militia Absame Clan Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of France Merka City Militia Abtisame Clan Militia (Somalia) Middle Shabelle Administration Adde Mussa Communal Militia (So- Militia malia) Militia (Abdi Awale Qeybdid) Afmadow Communal Militia (So- malia) Militia (Abdi Igaal) Agonyar Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdi Jiinow) Agoon Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdiqasim Salad Hasan) Ajuran-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdirahman Faroole) Al-Takfir wal Hijrah Militia (Abdirahman Xidig) Al Qaeda Militia (Abdirashid Ilgeyte) Ali Jibrail Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdul Kadir Beebe) Ali Saleban Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdullahi Abokor) Alofi Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abdullahi Nageye) Arab Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abubakar) Arab Salah Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Abukar Adani) Auliyan Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Adan Kheir) Aw Barkan Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Adan Saransoor) Aw Masuse Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Adde Nunoow) Awkutub Sheqaa-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Adem Garaso) Awramale Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Ahmed Adan) Ayr-Ayanle Sub-Clan Militia (Ethiopia) Militia (Ahmed Garash) Ayr-Bilaal Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Militia (Ahmed Godane) Ayr-Cabsiiye Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Ahmed Hassan Cadow Ayr-Habanji Sub-Clan Militia (So- Daci) malia) Military Forces of the United Militia (Ahmed Karash) Ayr-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (So- States malia) Military Forces of United King- Militia (Ahmed Madoobe) Ayr-Yabar Dhowrakece Sub-Clan dom Militia (Somalia) Militia (Pro-Government) Militia (Ali Gesey) Ayr Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Puntland Minister of Militia (Ali Gurase) Baadiade Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- Fisheries) lia) Mudug Authority Militia Militia (Barre Adan Shire Hiraale) Bahararsame Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) NVCG: National Volunteer Militia (Bashir Raage) Baidoa Communal Militia (Soma- Coast Guard lia) Personal Guards of Banadir Militia (Beledweyne Police Com- Banadiri Clan Militia (Somalia) Regions Deputy Governor for mander) Security Militia (Bile Mohamed Yusuf) Bantu-Shiidle-Reer Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Militia (Col. Abdi Igaal) Bantu Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Col. Mohamed Ado Ali) Barre-Hirale Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Militia (Cukash) Barre Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Deputy District Commis- Bartire Clan Militia (Somalia) sioner of Kismayo) Militia (Director of Banadir Hospi- Begedi Clan Militia (Somalia) tal) Militia (District Commissioner of Beidyahan-Majeerteen Sub-Clan Cabdulcasiis) Militia (Somalia) Militia (District Commissioner of Biyamal Clan Militia (Somalia) Kismayo) Militia (District Commissioner of Biyo-Adde Clan Militia (Somalia) Medina) UDUB: United Peoples Demo- Militia (District Commissioner of Boqol Hore Clan Militia (Somalia) cratic Party Wadajir) Umadda Party Militia Militia (District Commissioner) Burale Clan Militia (Somalia) Wadani Party Militia (Soma- Militia (Farah Garad) Cali Clan Militia (Somalia) lia) Wadani Somaliland National Militia (Gablax) Cidagale Clan Militia (Somalia) Party WDF: Wardhigley District Militia (Gen. Indha Adde) Cidagale Habar Yoonis Sub-Clan Forces Militia (Somalia) XWDF: Xamar Weyne District Militia (Governor of Lower Sha- Dabarre-Digil Sub-Clan Militia (So- Forces belle) malia) Military Forces of United Militia (Haji Bakin) Dabarre Clan Militia (Somalia) States Militia (Anti-Al Shabaab) Militia (Haybe Roble Nur) Dahab-Shill Militia Militia (Hiif Ali Taar) Dalshishle Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Continued on next page

67 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Militia (Ibrahim Hassan Kishbur) Darood-Amaanle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Iman Muhammad Ali) Darood-Dashiishe Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Jama Geyre) Darood-Dhulbahante Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Kayse Abdi Yusuf) Darood-Jilible Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Maalin Adan) Darood-Leelkayse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Madobe Nunow) Darood-Majeerteen-Omar Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Minister of Religious Af- Darood-Majeerteen Sub-Clan Mili- fairs) tia (Somalia) Militia (Minister Shatiguduud) Darood-Marehan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Minister Yalahow) Darood-Warsangeli Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Abdi Hussein) Darood Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Dhere) Dashiishe Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Hussein Adow) Daud Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Ibrahim Hab- Dharkenley Communal Militia (So- sade) malia) Militia (Mohamed Qanyare Afrah) Dhulbahante-Ahmed Garad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Mohamed Said Atom) Dhulbahante-Ali Geri Sub-Clan Group (Somalia) Militia (Mohamud Indho Sheel) Dhulbahante-Ali Geri Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Muhammad Abdi ”Garjeh” Dhulbahante-Awrtable Sub-Clan Sabriye) Militia (Somalia) Militia (Musa Abkar) Dhulbahante-Baabdalle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Muse Sudi Yalahow) Dhulbahante-Baharsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Nat. Sec. Minister) Dhulbahante-Barkad Sub-Clan Group (Somalia) Militia (Omar Jess) Dhulbahante-Barkad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Pro-SouthWest 3) Dhulbahante-Bihina-Farah Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Pro-SouthWest 6) Dhulbahante-Cigaal Naleeye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Puntland) Dhulbahante-Cigaale Cali Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Reef Kalaf) Dhulbahante-Darood Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Reer Hareed) Dhulbahante-Elmi Naaleeye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sharif Hassan) Dhulbahante-Farah Ali Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Shatigadud) Dhulbahante-Farah Garaad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sheik Ahmed Jarr) Dhulbahante-Hassan Ugas Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Sheikh Adan Madobe) Dhulbahante-Hayag Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Militia (Sheikh Sharif Political) Dhulbahante-Jama Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Militia (Street Traders) Dhulbahante-Jamac Siyaad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Militia (Yusuf Ahmed Hagar) Dhulbahante-Mohamoud Ugaad- hyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Muhyadin Gacamey Militia Dhulbahante-Naleeye Ahmed Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Mutiny Galmudug Administration Dhulbahante-Qayaad Sub-Clan Militia Militia (Somalia) Dhulbahante-Reer Abokor Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Dhulbahante-Reer Hagar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Dhulbahante-Samokaab Ali Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) MYM: Mujahideen Youth Move- Dhulbahante-Ugaadyahan Sub- ment Clan Militia (Somalia) OLF: Oromo Liberation Front Dhulbahante-Ugaasyo Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) ONLA: Ogaden National Liberation Dhulbahante-Wacays Aden Sub- Army Clan Militia (Somalia) Pirates (Somalia) Dhulbahante Clan Militia (Soma- lia) PRM: Popular Resistance Move- Dhusamareb Communal Militia ment in the Land of the Two Mi- (Somalia) grations Protesters (Somalia) Digil-Bagari Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Continued on next page

68 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Raskamboni Brigade Digil-Garre Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Rioters (Somalia) Digil Clan Militia (Somalia) RRA: Rahanweyn Resistance Army Dir-Ciise Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Saalax Militia Dir-Faqi Muhamed Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Salahley Council Militia Dir-Faqi Umar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saransoor Militia Dir-Gadabuursi Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Shirkoole Islamic Court Militia Dir-Gadsan Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) SNA: Somali National Alliance Dir-Qubeys Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) SNF: Somali National Front Dir Clan Militia (Somalia) SPM: Somali Patriotic Movement Dubeys Clan Militia (Somalia) SRRC: Somalia Reconciliation and Duduble Clan Militia (Somalia) Restoration Council SSA: Somali Salvation Alliance Duulane Clan Militia (Somalia) SSC: Sool, Sanaag and Cayn Militia Eidegalla Clan Militia (Somalia) SSIC: Somali Supreme Islamic Elay Clan Militia (Somalia) Courts Council SVA: Shabelle Valley Alliance Eli Clan Militia (Somalia) SVS: Shabelle Valley State Forces Elidhere Clan Militia (Somalia) Timaweyn Militia Essa Clan Militia (Somalia) USC-SNA Atto: United Somali Former COSIC: Former Council of Congress-Somali National Alliance Somali Islamic Courts (Atto Faction) Vigilante Militia (Somalia) Former ICU: Former Islamic Courts Union Westland State Militia (Somalia) Former Lower Shabelle Administra- tion Militia HI: Hizbul Islam Former Middle Shabelle Adminis- tration Militia Gaaljecel-Hadame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Gaaljecel-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Gaaljecel Clan Militia (Somalia) Gabaweyn Clan Militia (Somalia) Gadabuursi Clan Militia (Somalia) Gadabuursi Ethnic Militia (Soma- lia) Gadsan Clan Militia (Somalia) Galgala Communal Militia (Soma- lia) Galmah Clan Militia (Somalia) Galmudug Administration Militia Gandarshe Communal Militia Garaad-Gullied Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Garre Clan Militia (Somalia) Garwale Clan Militia (Somalia) Geelidle Clan Militia (Somalia) Geledle-Rahanweyn Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Geledle Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Afan Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Habar Awal-Isa Muse-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Awal-Isa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Awal-Sacad Muse-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Basanbuur Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Ayanle Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Ayr Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Cabsiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Duduble Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Eyr Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Hawiye Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Saad-Saad-Reer-Jalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Saad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir-Saleban Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Gedir Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page 69 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 5 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Habar Iji Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Habar Jeclo-Abdala Arab Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Aduruxmiin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ahmed Abokor Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ahmed Farah Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Ali Bare Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Baho Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Bare Cabdulle Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Basanbuur Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Bicido Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Biciidle Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Faahiye Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Iidle Biciide Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Imraan Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Isaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Muse Abokor Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Omar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Reer Biniin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Reer Yoonis Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Roobsuge Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Soolomadaw Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo-Yeesif Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Jeclo Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Nugal Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Habar Warsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Abdala Hamud Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Cabdalle Xamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Dhulbahante Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Isaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Ismail Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Jibriil Turwa Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Maxamud Hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Mohamud Hamud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Carre Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Ismail Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Muse Turwa Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Reer Wayd Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis-Sacad Yoonis Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Habar Yoonis Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Habsade Clan Militia (Somalia) Hadame Clan Militia (Somalia) Hager Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Abgal Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Harti-Kaski Qabe Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti-Leelkayse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page 70 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 6 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Harti-Warsangeli Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Harti Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle-Aadan Warsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle-Agoon Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle-Hawiye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawadle Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Abgal-Mohamed Muse Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Cad Sub-Clan Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Ceyr Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Hawiye-Duduble Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Fiqishini Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Habar Gedir-Saad Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Habar Gedir-Saleban Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Muransade Sub-Clan Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye-Saad-Jalaaf Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Hawiye-Sheikhal-Awqudub Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Hawiye Clan Militia (Somalia) Hayaaq Clan Militia (Somalia) Hayga Clan Militia (Somalia) Her-Aw-Hassan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Hororsame Clan Militia (Somalia) Hubeer Clan Militia (Somalia) Isa Mohamud Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Isaq-Bicide Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Isaq-Habar Yoonis-Muse Ismail Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Isaq-Sacadyonis Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Isaq Clan Militia (Somalia) Islamic State (Somalia) Issa Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Issa Muse-Abdalla Qoyan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Muse Clan Militia (Somalia) Issa Rati Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Jabhat al-Islamiya Jalaaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jama Islamiya Jamac Siyaad Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Janbeel Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer-Bantu Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Jareer-Shiidle Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Jareer-Weyne-Shiidle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Jareer-Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Jareer Clan Militia (Somalia) Jejele Clan Militia (Somalia) Jido Clan Militia (Somalia) Jiido-Safar Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Jilible Clan Militia (Somalia) Leelkayse Clan Militia (Somalia) Leeysan Clan Militia (Somalia) Leysaan-Mirifle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Liyu Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Loobogay-Sheeqaal-Hawiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Lugaay-Rahanweyn Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Lugayare Clan Militia (Somalia) Luway Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page

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Page 7 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Macalin-Weyne Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Macalin Clan Militia (Somalia) Madhiban Clan Militia (Somalia) Magabul-Ogaden Communal Mili- tia (Somalia) Mahamous Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Majeerteen-Ali Jibril Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Saleban-Bicidyahan Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Saleban-Colyahan Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Ali Saleban Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Bicidyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Dashishe Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Idig Facle Sub-Clan Militia (Somlia) Majeerteen-Ismail Saleban Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Issa Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Issa Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Nuux Ali Jibrail Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Omar Mahmud-Khalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Omar Mahmud Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Osman Mahmud-Bah- Yacqub Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Osman Mahmud- Warfa-Ali Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Majeerteen-Osman Mahmud Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Reer Biciidyahan Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Umar Mohamud Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Wabeneye Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen-Wadalmuge Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Majeerteen Ugaar- Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Majeerteen Ugaar-Saleban Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Makane Clan Militia (Somalia) Maqabul-Garre Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Maqabul Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Cili Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Marehan-Dalal Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Hawrarsame Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Reer Ahmed Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Reer Dini Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Marehan-Reer Siyad Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Marehan-Siyad Hussein Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan-Wagardhac Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Marehan Clan Militia (Kenya) Marehan Clan Militia (Somalia) Mehri Clan Militia (Somalia) Military Forces of Burundi (2005-) Military Forces of Denmark Military Forces of Iran Mirifle Clan Militia (Somalia) Mobleen Clan Militia (Somalia) Mogadishu Communal Militia (So- malia) Mohamed-Muse Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page

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Page 11 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Omar Mahmud-Bah Yucqub Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Omar Mahmud-Majeerteen Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Omar Mahmud Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Ormale Clan Militia (Somalia) Oromo Ethnic Militia (Somalia) Osman Mahmud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Osman Mohamud-Reer Muse Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Prison Guards (Somalia) Private Security Forces (Somalia) Protesters (Ethiopia) Qubeys Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Elay Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Emid Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Gabaweyn Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Geelidle Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Harin Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Hubeer Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Jilible Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan-Banaani Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan-Bari Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Leeysan Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Luwaay Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Maalim Weyne Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Mirifle Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Moalim Weyne Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Rahanweyn-Yantar Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Rahanweyn Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Adan Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Biidyahan Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Dalal Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Hareed-Jibril Abokor-Ishaq Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hareed-Jibril Abokor Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hareed Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Hassan-Darood Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Hassan Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Hersi Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Isaq Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Khalaf Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Mahad Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Mohamud Noor-Gadhbursi Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Mohamud Noor Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Nimcaale Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Noor-Gadabuursi Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Reer-Noor Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Reer-Omar Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Shabelle Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Continued on next page

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Page 8 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Reer-Ugadh Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Reer-Warfa Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Saad-Barkhadle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Farale Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Saad-Indhayar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Muse Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Saad-Nimcaale Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Reer-Hilowle Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad-Reer-Jalaf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Saad Clan Militia (Somalia) Saahil Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Saalax Communal Militia (Somalia) Saleban Clan Militia (Somalia) Samane Clan Militia (Somalia) Shabelle Communal Militia (Soma- lia) Shante Alen Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Sheeqaal Clan Militia (Somalia) Shermoge Clan Militia (Somalia) Shibis Communal Militia (Somalia) Shiidle Clan Militia (Somalia) Siwaqron Clan Militia (Somalia) Sogow Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman-Habar Gedir-Hawiye Sub- Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman-Habar Gedir Clan Militia (Somalia) Suleiman Clan Militia (Somalia) Talha Clan Militia (Somalia) Tuni-Digil Sub-Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Tuni Clan Militia (Somalia) Ugar-Saleban Sub-Clan Militia (So- malia) Ujeedeen Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Soma- lia) Unidentified Clan Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Clan Militia (Somalia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Nigeria) Unidentified Communal Militia (So- malia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Soma- lia) Vigilante Militia (Nigeria) Wabar Clan Militia (Somalia) Wabudan Clan Militia (Somalia) Waesle-Abgal Clan Militia (Soma- lia) Warsangeli-Dubays Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Husen Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Muhumud Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Nuux Cumar Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Fatax Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Garaad Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Haji Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Salah Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli-Reer Yusuf Sub-Clan Militia (Somalia) Warsangeli Clan Militia (Somalia) Continued on next page

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Page 9 of Table 39 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Wegerdha Clan Militia (Somalia) Wejis Clan Militia (Somalia) Wesle Clan Militia (Somalia) Xabar-Eshe Communal Militia (So- malia) Xamar Jaabjab Communal Militia (Somalia) Xariin-Rahanweyn Sub-Clan Mili- tia (Somalia) Yantaar Clan Militia (Somalia) Yiintaar Clan Militia (Somalia)

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76 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.40 South Africa (1997-2016)

Table 40: South Africa Page 1 of Table 40 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994- Government of South Africa, Military Forces of Rwanda Military Forces of South Africa, Police Forces of South Africa 1998-2012 Military Forces of Lesotho 1990- Police Forces of Mozambique 1986- Police Forces of Swaziland Agang South Africa Party AWB: Afrikaner Resistance Move- Civilians (South Abahwebi baKwaMashu ment Africa) ANC-Motlanthe: African Na- BAT: Boere Attack Troop Civilians (Angola) Afrikaner Ethnic Militia (South tional Congress (Motlanthe Africa) Faction) ANC-Zuma: African National BNW: Boer National Warriors Mili- Civilians (Burundi) Al Shabaab Congress (Zuma Faction) tia ANC: African National Boermag Militia Civilians (Democratic AMCU: Association of Mineworkers Congress Republic of Congo) and Construction Union ANCYL: African National Geloftevolk Republikeine Civilians (Ethiopia) BRA: Bushbuckridge Residents As- Congress Youth League sociation DA: Democratic Alliance MAGO: Muslims Against Global Civilians (Interna- BTA: Benoni Taxi Association Mili- Oppression tional) tia EFF: Economic Freedom Militia (Students) Civilians (Kenya) COSAS: Congress of South African Fighters Students FFP: Federal Freedom Party Protesters (South Africa) Civilians (Lesotho) COSATU: Congress of South African Trade Unions Red Ants Militia Civilians (Malawi) CWIU: Chemical Workers Indus- trial Union Militia IFP: Inkatha Freedom Party UMSA: Unemployed Masses of Civilians (Mozam- CWU: Communication Workers South Africa bique) Union Protesters (South Africa) Civilians (Nigeria) DKP: Davyeton/Kempton Park Militia NFP: National Freedom Party Rioters (South Africa) Civilians (Rwanda) Hamsini Communal Militia (South Africa) Civilians (Senegal) Hlubi Ethnic Militia (South Africa) UDM: United Democratic Civilians (Somalia) Jesurun Brotherhood Movement Volksraad Verkiesing Kom- Civilians (South Su- Khuleka Communal Militia (South missie Party dan) Africa) Civilians (Swaziland) KwaZulu-Natal Communal Militia (South Africa) Civilians (Tanzania) Labour Union Faction Militia Civilians (Zimbabwe) Mabaso Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Magangangozi Communal Militia (South Africa) Masemeni Communal Militia (South Africa) Mhlwazini Communal Militia (South Africa) Mhwaduba Ethnic Militia (South Africa) MKVMA: Mkhonto weSizwe Mili- tary Veterans Association Msinga Communal Militia (South Africa) Mvelase Ethnic Militia (South Africa) NASMO: National Students Move- ment Ntsimbini Communal Militia (South Africa) NUM: National Union of Minework- ers NUMSA: National Union of Metal- workers of South Africa PAGAD: People Against Gangster- ism and Drugs PASMA: Pan Africanist Student Movement of Azania Prison Guards (South Africa) Private Security Forces (South Africa) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (Egypt) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (International) Protesters (Kenya) Protesters (Lesotho) Protesters (Mozambique) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 40 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Protesters (Nigeria) Protesters (Rwanda) Protesters (Somalia) Protesters (Swaziland) Protesters (Zimbabwe) PSCSA: Palestine Solidarity Com- mittee of South Africa Rioters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Ethiopia) Rioters (International) Rioters (Lesotho) Rioters (Mozambique) Rioters (Nigeria) Rioters (Republic of Congo) Rioters (Somalia) Rioters (Zimbabwe) SAMWU: South African Municipal Workers Union SASCO: South Africa Students Congress SATAWU: South African Transport and Allied Workers Union Shangaan Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Shona Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Sotho Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Transport Livelihood Militia (South Africa) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Lesotho) Unidentified Armed Group (Mozambique) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Soma- lia) Unidentified Armed Group (South Africa) Unidentified Armed Group (Swazi- land) Unidentified Armed Group (Tanza- nia) Unidentified Armed Group (Zim- babwe) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Africa) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Africa) UNR: Union of Nationalists for Re- newal Vigilante Militia (South Africa) Vigilante Militia (Zimbabwe) Xhosa Ethnic Militia (South Africa) Xolobeni Communal Militia (South Africa) Zulu Ethnic Militia (South Africa)

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79 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.41 South Sudan (1997-2016)

Table 41: South Sudan Page 1 of Table 41 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011- AU-RTF: African Union-led Mutiny of Military Forces of South Former Military Forces of South Su- Regional Task Force, Govern- Sudan dan, UNISFA: United Nations In- ment of South Sudan, Military terim Security Force for Abyei Forces of South Sudan (Mili- tary Intelligence Service, Pres- idential Security Unit), Police Forces of South Sudan (Na- tional Security Service, Ser- vice Auxiliary Force), UN- MISS: United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan 1989- Government of Sudan, Military Forces of Sudan, Police Forces of Sudan National Intelligence and Se- curity Services 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia 1986- Military Forces of Uganda 2007- UNAMID: United Nations/African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur Arrow Boys Militia-SSNA Agwelek Forces Civilians (South Su- Abuok Communal Militia (South (South Sudan National Army dan) Sudan) Faction) Arrow Boys Militia Ayii Rebel Group Civilians (Democratic Acholi Ethnic Militia (South Su- Republic of Congo) dan) CRF: Collo Resistance Front Civilians (Egypt) Adol Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) FDP: Federal Democratic Gatluak Gai Rebel Group Civilians (Eritrea) Ajang Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia Party (South Sudan) George Athor Deng Rebel Group Civilians (Ethiopia) Akaak Communal Militia (South Sudan) IMLR: Islamic Movement for Liber- Civilians (Interna- Al Shabaab ation of Raja tional) Mathiang Anyoor Civilians (Kenya) Alel Thony Communal Militia (South Sudan) MDF: Mabanese Defence Forces Civilians (Rwanda) Aliap Clan Militia (South Sudan) Militia (Gen. Peter Kuol Chol) Civilians (Somalia) Ambororo Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Militia (Pro-Government) Militia (John Dueth Yiech) Civilians (Sudan) Amonhim Communal Militia (South Sudan) Civilians (Uganda) Amothnhon Communal Militia (South Sudan) NDM: National Democratic Move- Anuak Ethnic Militia (South Su- ment dan) Ogot Rebel Group Apuk Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) RSF: Rapid Support Forces Olonyi Rebel Group Arab Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) SPLA/M-Gadet: Sudanese REMNASA: Revolutionary Move- AU: African Union Peoples Liberation Army ment for National Salvation (Gadet Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples SPLA/M-In Opposition-Deng Awan Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Liberation Army/Movement Gai: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition (Deng Gai Faction) SPLM-DC: Sudanese Peoples SPLA/M-In Opposition-Weluba: Awuor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia Liberation Movement (Demo- Sudanese Peoples Liberation (South Sudan) cratic Change) Army/Movement-In Opposition (Weluba Faction) SPLM-N: Sudan Peoples Liber- SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- Ayual Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) ation Movement (North) danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLM Youth League SSLM/A: South Sudan Liberation Bapiny Communal Militia (South Movement/Army Sudan) SSAF: South Sudan Armed SSNLM: South Sudan National Lib- Bari Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Forces eration Movement SSDA: South Sudan Demo- SSPPF: South Sudan Peoples Patri- Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia cratic Army otic Front (South Sudan) SSDF-Mainstream: South Su- SSRM/A: South Sudan Resistance Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- dan Defence Forces (Main- Movement/Army dan) stream Faction) SSDF: South Sudan Defence TFNF: Tiger Faction New Forces Bototh Ethnic Militia (South Su- Forces dan) SSDF: South Sudan Demo- Yau Yau Rebels Bul Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- cratic Front dan) UDF: United Democratic Front Chenaabela Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Choldong Communal Militia (South Sudan) Cobras Militia Cueibet Communal Militia (South Sudan) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 41 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Dacuek Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Deer Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dhiei Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Didinga Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Dinka Agar Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Aguok Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Luach Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Malual Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Marial Lou Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Dinka Nyang Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Pakam Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Dinka Rek Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Duk Youth Militia (South Sudan) Durbaar Clan Militia (South Su- dan) Durceek Clan Militia (South Su- dan) Farjok Communal Militia (South Sudan) Fertit Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Former Military Forces of South Su- dan (2011-) Gaak Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Galweng Militia GEYL: Greater Equatoria Youth Leadership Gok Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Gok Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Gok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Gony Clan Militia (South Sudan) Government of United States Haak Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Habbaniyah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Home Guards Idali Communal Militia (South Su- dan) IGAD: Intergovernmental Author- ity on Development JEM: Justice and Equality Move- ment Jie Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Jikany Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jonglei Communal Militia (South Sudan) Juet Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Jur Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Kangi Communal Militia (South Sudan) Koch Awac Sub-Clan Militia (South Sudan) Koch Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Koch Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Koch Ker Sub-Clan Militia (South Sudan) Kok Awac Clan Militia (South Su- dan) Kok Keer Clan Militia (South Su- dan) Konakuang Clan Militia (South Su- dan) Kozoro Communal Militia (South Sudan) Kuei Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Lango Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 41 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Leek Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Leer Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Loroyo Communal Militia (South Sudan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Lulubo Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Maban Communal Militia (South Sudan) Manuer Communal Militia (South Sudan) Maridi Communal Militia (South Sudan) Mbororo Ethnic Militia (Central African Republic) Military Forces of United States Militia (Refugees) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Nasir Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Niel-Niel Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Nykapo Clan Militia (South Sudan) NYU: National Youth Union Nyuei beag Communal Militia (South Sudan) Obwo Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Oluo Monyomiji Militia Omorwo Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Pagok Clan Militia (South Sudan) Pagoor Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pakam Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pancuer Communal Militia (South Sudan) Pandau Communal Militia (South Sudan) Panyar Clan Militia (South Sudan) Panyon Communal Militia (South Sudan) PDF: Popular Defence Forces Prison Guards (South Sudan) Private Security Forces (South Su- dan) Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (South Sudan) Protesters (Sudan) Rajaf Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Rioters (South Sudan) Rioters (Sudan) Rizaygat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rumbek Communal Militia (South Sudan) Rup Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Rup Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Shilluk Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Shilluk Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Thiik Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Thuyic Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Tiek Clan Militia (South Sudan) Tokarei Clan Militia (South Sudan) Tonj Communal Militia (South Su- dan) Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 41 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Tonj East Communal Militia (South Sudan) Tonj North Communal Militia (South Sudan) Toposa Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Torit East Communal Militia (South Sudan) Twic East Area Youth Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Clan Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Vigilante Militia (South Sudan) Waat Communal Militia (South Su- dan) White Army (South Sudan) Yirol West Communal Militia (South Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (Sudan)

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84 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.42 Sudan (1997-2016)

Table 42: Sudan Page 1 of Table 42 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989- Government of Sudan, Military Forces of Sudan (Abu Tira, Border Guards, Military Intel- ligence Service), Police Forces of Sudan (National Intelligence and Security Services, Univer- sity Police) 1990- Military Forces of Chad 2004-2007 AMIS: African Union Mission in Su- dan 2008-2009 EUFOR Chad/CAR: Military Op- eration in Eastern Chad and North Eastern Central African Republic 2011- Former Military Forces of South Su- dan, Military Forces of South Su- dan, Mutiny of Military Forces of South Sudan, Police Forces of South Sudan, UNISFA: United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei, Government of South Sudan 1965-1997 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo / Zaire 1993- Military Forces of Eritrea 1991- Military Forces of Ethiopia 2002-2013 Military Forces of Kenya 2012-2014 Military Forces of Libya 2005-2011 Military Forces of Southern Su- dan (Joint Integrated Units), Police Forces of Southern Sudan, UNMIS: United Nations Mission in Sudan 1986- Military Forces of Uganda 2008-2011 Military Forces of Zambia 2007- UNAMID: United Nations/African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur ADF-NALU: Allied Demo- Al-Takfir wal Hijrah Civilians (Chad) Abala Ethnic Militia (Sudan) cratic Forces-National Army for the Liberation of Uganda Al-Haq Party Arrow Boys Militia Civilians (Democratic Abu Darak Clan Militia (Sudan) Republic of Congo) ANCD: National Alliance for Byel Militia Civilians (Egypt) Agaar Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Change and Democracy BC: Beja Congress Darfur Joint Resistance Forces Civilians (Eritrea) Al-Falata Ethnic Militia (Sudan) DUP-UM: Democratic Union- Darfur Liberation Front Civilians (Ethiopia) Al-Gamir Ethnic Militia (Sudan) ist Party-Unionist Movement DPFA: Democratic Popular Front Civilians (Interna- Al-Rashiydah Ethnic Militia (Su- Army tional) dan) Janjaweed Eastern Front Civilians (Kenya) Al-Ruayah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) JEM-Bashar: Justice and Galweng Militia Civilians (Libya) Al-Saada Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Equality Movement (Bashar Faction) JEM-PF: Justice and Equality Gatluak Gai Rebel Group Civilians (Nigeria) Al Qaeda Movement (Peace Faction) George Athor Deng Rebel Group Civilians (Rwanda) Al Taaysha Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Gwang Rebel Group Civilians (South Su- Al Ziyud Ethnic Militia (Sudan) dan) Hamza Combat Group Against Civilians (Sudan) Ambororo Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Atheism and Heresy JEM-Sudan: Justice and Equality Civilians (Uganda) Movement (Sudan Faction) JEM-UFN: Justice and Equality Civilians (Zambia) Annadif Communal Militia (Sudan) Movement (Unity Faction Nur) Militia (Pro-Government) JEM: Justice and Equality Move- Ansar Dine ment NCF: National Consensus Kassala Martyr Militia Apuk Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Forces NCP: National Congress Party LJM: Liberation and Justice Move- Arab Ethnic Militia (Chad) ment NDA: National Democratic Al- Marginalised Combat Movement Arab Ethnic Militia (Sudan) liance NIF: National Islamic Front Militia (Asbad Mohamed Khater) Arab Spring Forces NLJM: National Liberation Militia (Gabriel Tang) Artala Communal Militia (Sudan) and Justice Movement NUP: National Umma Party Militia (Matiep) Awlad Arafa Misseriya Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) PCP: Popular Congress Party Militia (Mohamed Said Atom) Awlad Najaa Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) PNC: Popular National Militia (Mohamed Sayed Ahmed) Awlad Omran Ethnic Militia (Su- Congress Party dan) Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 42 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Militia (Musa Hilal) Awlad Rashdan Clan Militia (Su- dan) Militia (Osman Mohamed Ibrahim) Awlad Saror Misseriya Ethnic Mili- tia (Sudan) Militia (Students) Awlad Shibek Misseriya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) RSF: Rapid Support Forces Militia (Yousef Al Saer) Awlad Umran Misseriya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) UFR: Union of Forces for Re- Minni Minawi Militia Ayeul Ethnic Militia (Sudan) sistance UNRF II: Uganda National NMRD: National Movement for Re- Baggara-Murahaleen Ethnic Militia Rescue Front II form and Development (Sudan) NRF: National Redemption Front Bali Ethnic Militia (Sudan) NSB: New Sudan Brigade Bani Hussein Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Olonyi Rebel Group Bari Ethnic Militia (Sudan) ONLA: Ogaden National Liberation Barno Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Army Oppressed Soldiers Rebel Group Bashmurqa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) PDF: Popular Defence Forces Bedouin Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Peoples Struggle Movement Beni Amir Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Philip Bepan Rebel Group Beni Halba Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Popular Front of Sudan Beni Omran Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Protesters (Sudan) Berti Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rioters (Sudan) Birgid Ethnic Militia (Sudan) SAF: Sudan Alliance Forces Bisheshab Ethnic Militia (Sudan) SARC: Sudanese Awakening Revo- Bul Ethnic Militia (Sudan) lutionary Council Shahama Movement Bul Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Shifta Burgo Ethnic Militia (Sudan) SLA: Sudan Liberation Army Cheeria Communal Militia (Sudan) SLF: Sudan Liberation Forces Cueibet Communal Militia (Sudan) SLM/A-FW: Sudan Liberation Dacuek Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army-Free Will SLM/A-General Leadership: Sudan Dajo Communal Militia (Sudan) Liberation Movement/Army (Gen- eral Leadership Faction) SLM/A-Karbino: Sudan Liberation Dar Naila Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army (Karbino Faction) SLM/A-Minnawi: Sudan Liber- Darfur Communal Militia (Sudan) ation Movement/Army (Minnawi Faction) SLM/A-Nur: Sudan Liberation Dinka Agar Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army (Abdul Wahid al- Nur Faction) SLM/A-Shafi: Sudan Liberation Dinka Aguok Ethnic Militia (Su- Movement/Army (Ahmed Abdel dan) Shafi Faction) SLM/A-SR: Sudan Liberation Dinka Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army-Second Revolu- tion SLM/A-Unity: Sudan Liberation Dinka Joth Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army (Unity Faction) SLM/A-Wing of Peace: Sudan Lib- Dinka Luach Ethnic Militia (Sudan) eration Movement/Army (Wing of Peace Faction) SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Move- Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (South ment/Army Sudan) SLMJ-TH: Sudan Liberation Move- Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) ment for Justice (Taher Hajar Fac- tion) SLMJ: Sudan Liberation Movement Dinka Nyang Ethnic Militia (Su- for Justice dan) SPDF: Sudan Peoples Democratic Dinka Pakam Ethnic Militia (Su- Front dan) SPF: Sudan Peoples Front Dinka Rek Ethnic Militia (Sudan) SPLA/M-Bahr al Ghazal: Su- Dodoth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) danese Peoples Liberation Army/- Movement (Bahr al Ghazal Faction) SPLA/M-Gadet: Sudanese Peoples El-Jararha Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Liberation Army (Gadet Faction) SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- El Bazaa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M-Joint Integrated Units: El Salam Communal Militia (Su- Sudanese Peoples Liberation dan) Army/Movement Joint Integrated Units SPLA/M-United: Sudanese Peo- El Wadi Communal Militia (Sudan) ples Liberation Army/Movement (United Faction) SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- Equatoria Defence Force ation Army/Movement SPLF: Sudan Peoples Liberation Front Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 42 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other SPLM-DC: Sudanese Peoples Lib- Faya Communal Militia (Sudan) eration Movement (Democratic Change) SPLM-N: Sudan Peoples Liberation Fellata Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement (North) SPLM-Peace: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (Peace Faction) SRF: Sudan Revolutionary Front Former SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement SSDF-Byel: South Sudan Defence Freedom Eagles of Africa Forces (Byel Faction) SSDF-Machar: South Sudan De- Fur Ethnic Militia (Sudan) fence Forces (Machar Faction) SSDF-United: South Sudan De- Gariya Communal Militia (Sudan) fence Forces (United) SSDF: South Sudan Defence Forces Gholfan Ethnic Militia (Sudan) SSIA: Southern Sudan Indepen- Gimir Ethnic Militia (Sudan) dence Army/Movement SSLM/A: South Sudan Liberation Gok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement/Army SSUA-Gadet: Southern Sudan Habbaniyah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) United Army (Gadet Faction) SSUA: Southern Sudan United Hamar Ethnic Group (Sudan) Army Sudanese Al-Sahwa Revolutionary Hamar Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Council Tigray Peoples Revolutionary Lib- Haskanita Communal Militia (Su- eration Front dan) TPDM: Tigray Peoples Democratic Hawaweer Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement UJEM: United Justice and Equality Hawazmah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Movement ULA: Ummah Liberation Army Hotiya-Baggara Ethnic Militia (So- malia) UPF: United Popular Front IM: Islamic Movement URFF: United Revolutionary Islamic Army of South Sudan Forces Front Vigilante Militia (Sudan) Islamist Militia (Sudan) Yau Yau Rebels Jamainiya Hamar Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Yusuf al-Sayyid Militia Jamouiya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jie Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jikany Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jul-bel Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Jur Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kababeesh Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kabkabiya Communal Group (Su- dan) Kanjara Communal Militia (Sudan) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Khazam Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Kutum Communal Militia (Sudan) Labado Communal Militia (Sudan) Lango Communal Militia (Sudan) Leek Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Lou Nuer Ethnic Militia (Sudan) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Luach Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Luach Jang Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Maaliya Ethnic Group (Sudan) Maaliya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Mahadi Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Mahariya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Mararit Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Masalit Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Messalit Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Military Forces of Iran Military Forces of Israel Military Forces of United States Militia (Refugees) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (South Su- dan) Misseriya Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Moru Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Muhajiriye Communal Militia (Su- dan) Mundari Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murahaleen Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Murle Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Murle Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Muslim Militia (Sudan) Mvollo Communal Militia (Sudan) Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 42 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Myolo Communal Militia (Sudan) Najah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Narti Communal Militia (Sudan) Newiba-Aballa Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) NFA: National Forces Alliance NLA: National Liberation Army Norab Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Nuba Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Nuer Ethnic Militia al-Nowair (Su- dan) Nuwayba Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Oromo Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Prison Guards (Sudan) Private Security Forces (South Su- dan) Private Security Forces (Sudan) Private Security Forces (Sudan) Protesters (Egypt) Protesters (Ethiopia) Protesters (South Sudan) Protesters (Uganda) Radom Communal Militia (Sudan) Rashaida Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rioters (Eritrea) Rioters (South Sudan) Rizaygat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Rumbek Communal Militia (Sudan) Sabeh Hamar Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Salamat Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Shilluk Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Sualba Communal Militia (Sudan) Sunta Communal Militia (Chad) Tama Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tandal Communal Militia (Sudan) Tepeth Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Terjem Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tigi Communal Militia (Sudan) Tigray Ethnic Militia (Ethiopia) Toposa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tullus Communal Militia (Sudan) Tungur Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tutsi Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) UFDD: Union of Forces for Democ- racy and Development Um Burma Communal Militia (Su- dan) Um Kutkout Communal Militia (Sudan) UN: United Nations Unidentified Armed Group (Central African Republic) Unidentified Armed Group (Chad) Unidentified Armed Group (Egypt) Unidentified Armed Group (Er- itrea) Unidentified Armed Group (Ethiopia) Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Mali) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Communal Militia (Sudan) Unidentified Communal MIlitia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Western Equatoria Community De- fence Force WNBF: West Nile Bank Front Yirol Communal Militia (Sudan) Yirol West Communal Militia (Su- dan) Continued on next page 88 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 5 of Table 42 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Zaghawa Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Zalingei Communal Militia (Sudan) Zande Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Ziyadiyah Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Zurug Ethnic Militia (Sudan)

2.43 Swaziland (1997-2016)

Table 43: Swaziland Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1986- Military Forces of Swaziland, Police Forces of Swaziland 1994- Police Forces of South Africa SWAYOCO: Swaziland Youth Civilians (Swaziland) Congress Protesters (South Africa) PUDEMO: Peoples United Protesters (Swaziland) Democratic Movement Rioters (Swaziland) SFTU: Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions The Tigers Militant Organization Unidentified Armed Group (Swazi- land) Vigilante Militia (Swaziland)

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90 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.44 Tanzania (1997-2016)

Table 44: Tanzania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1964- Military Forces of Tanzania, Police Forces of Tanzania 1996-2005 Military Forces of Burundi 2001- Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 2011- Military Forces of South Sudan 2002-2013 Police Forces of Kenya CCM: Party of the Revolution Green Guards Civilians (Tanzania) ”Janjaweed” Militia CHADEMA: Party for Democ- UAMSHO: Association for Islamic Civilians (Burundi) ADF-NALU: Allied Democratic racy and Progress Mobilisation and Propagation Forces-National Army for the Liberation of Uganda CUF: Civic United Front Sungu Sungu Civilians (Democratic Al Qaeda Republic of Congo) Field Force Unit Protesters (Tanzania) Civilians (Interna- Al Shabaab tional) Rioters (Tanzania) Civilians (Kenya) Bajaj Riders Militia Civilians (Malawi) Bwejuu Communal Militia (Tanza- nia) TLP: Tanzania Labour Party Civilians (Zambia) Christian Militia (Tanzania) CNDD-FDD: National Council for the Defence of Democracy-Forces for the Defence of Democracy Daladala Drivers Militia FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda Hutu Rebels Interahamwe Militia Islamist Militia (Tanzania) Kipsigi Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Kiru Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Maasai Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Movement for Solidarity and Devel- opment Muslim Militia (Tanzania) Mvomero Communal Militia (Tan- zania) Nyabasi Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) PALIPEHUTU-FNL: National Forces for Liberation-Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People Pirates (Tanzania) Prison Guards (Tanzania) Private Security Forces (Tanzania) RCD: Rally for Congolese Democ- racy Red Brigades Sonjo Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition TFC: Tanzania Constitution Forum Ukongoroni Local Militia (Tanza- nia) Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- rundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (Soma- lia) Unidentified Armed Group (Tanza- nia) Unidentified Communal Militia (Tanzania) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Tanza- nia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Vigilante Militia (Tanzania) Wahunyaga Ethnic Militia (Tanza- nia) Wairegi Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wamaasai Ethnic Militia (Tanza- nia) Wanchari Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Warenchoka Ethnic Militia (Tanza- nia) Wasonjo Ethnic Militia (Tanzania) Wasweta Ethnic Militia (Tanzania)

91 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.45 Togo (1997-2016)

Table 45: Togo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005- Government of Togo, Military Forces of Togo, Police Forces of Togo (Gendarmerie) 1967-2005 Military Forces of Togo, Police Forces of Togo Government of Togo Rioters (Togo) Civilians (Togo) Bikaachib Ethnic Militia (Togo) Protesters (Togo) Civilians (Central Bivakpabe Ethnic Militia (Togo) African Republic) Civilians (Interna- Fulani Ethnic Militia (Togo) tional) Moba Communal Militia (Togo) Muslim Militia (Togo) Private Security Forces (Togo) RPT: Rally of the Togolese Protesters (Ivory Coast) People UFC: Union of Forces for Unidentified Armed Group (Ghana) Change Unidentified Armed Group (Togo)

92 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.46 Tunisia (1997-2016)

Table 46: Tunisia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011-2014 Government of Tunisia, Mili- tary Forces of Tunisia, Mili- tary Forces of Tunisia (Border Guards, National Guard), Po- lice Forces of Tunisia 2014- Government of Tunisia, Mil- itary Forces of Tunisia (Na- tional Guard), Police Forces of Tunisia 1987-2011 Military Forces of Tunisia (Presidential Security Guard), Police Forces of Tunisia 1999- Government of Algeria 2011-2012 Government of Libya, Military Forces of Libya Ennahda Political Party Ansar al-Sharia Civilians (Tunisia) Al Qaeda Hizb Ettahrir Party Civilians (Egypt) AQIM: Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb LPR: League for the Protection of Civilians (Interna- Bechri Communal Militia (Tunisia) the Revolution tional) Okba Ibn Nafaa Brigade Civilians (Libya) Douz Communal Militia (Tunisia) Soldiers of the Caliphate Civilians (Tanzania) El Anizet Clan Militia (Tunisia) El Golaa Communal Militia (Tunisia) Government of United States Islamist Militia (Algeria) Militia (Pro-Government) Islamist Militia (Tunisia) Nidaa Tounes Jemna Communal Militia (Tunisia) Jewish Group (Tunisia) Libyan Rebel Forces PPDU: Unified Democratic Pa- Ouled Saied Clan Militia (Tunisia) triots Party PTT: Tunisian Workers Party Oum es Somaa Communal Militia (Tunisia) RCD: Constitutional Demo- Prison Guards (Tunisia) cratic Rally Private Security Forces (Tunisia) Protesters (Algeria) Protesters (Eritrea) Protesters (International) Protesters (Libya) Protesters (Morocco) Protesters (Tunisia) Rioters (Eritrea) Rioters (Libya) Rioters (Tunisia) Sunni Muslim Militia (Tunisia) UNHCR: United Nations Refugee Agency Unidentified Armed Group (Alge- ria) Unidentified Armed Group (Libya) Unidentified Armed Group (Tunisia) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Tunisia) Vigilante Militia (Tunisia) Zaouiet el Harth Communal Militia (Tunisia)

93 Actor Dictionaries xSub

94 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.47 Uganda (1997-2016)

Table 47: Uganda Page 1 of Table 47 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1986- Government of Uganda, Mili- Mutiny of Military Forces of tary Forces of Uganda (Anti- Uganda, Mutiny of Police Forces of Stock Theft Unit, Presidential Uganda Security Unit, Special Forces Command), Police Forces of Uganda (Internal Security Or- ganisation, Rapid Response Unit) 2001- Government of Democratic Repub- lic of Congo, Military Forces of Democratic Republic of Congo, Mutiny of Military Forces of Demo- cratic Republic of Congo (Nkunda Faction) 1989- Government of Sudan, Military Forces of Sudan 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 2002-2013 Military Forces of Kenya, Police Forces of Kenya 2011- Military Forces of South Sudan, Po- lice Forces of South Sudan 2005-2011 Military Forces of Southern Sudan 1999-2010 MONUC: United Nations Organiza- tion Mission in Democratic Repub- lic of Congo FAPC: Peoples Armed Forces ADF-NALU: Allied Democratic Civilians (Uganda) Abacwamba Ethnic Militia of Congo Forces-National Army for the (Uganda) Liberation of Uganda FDC: Forum for Democratic ADF: Allied Democratic Forces Civilians (Burundi) Abaihango Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Change CAMP: Citizens Army for Multi- Civilians (Democratic Abim Communal Militia (Uganda) party Politics Republic of Congo) IPC: Inter-Party Cooperation Kalangala Action Plan Civilians (Interna- Acholi Ethnic Militia (Uganda) tional) Kiboko Squad Civilians (Kenya) Al Shabaab Kirumira Mutima Civilians (Rwanda) Alur Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) LRA: Lords Resistance Army Civilians (Somalia) Alur Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Civilians (South Su- Amuka Boys/Rhino Militia dan) Civilians (Sudan) Amuru Communal Militia (Uganda) NALU: National Army for the Lib- Amuru Communal Militia (Uganda) eration of Uganda NFA: National Federal Army Arak Ethnic Militia (Uganda) PPF: Popular Patriotic Front Arrow Boys Militia UPC: Uganda Peoples PRA: Peoples Redemption Army Atekodyek Owidi Ethnic Militia Congress (Uganda) RFLU: Revolutionary Forces for the Ayok Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia Liberation of Uganda (Sudan) UFDF: Uganda Federal Democratic Bafumbira Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Front Uganda Freedom Movement Bagisu Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Uganda Patriotic Front Bagungu Ethnic Militia (Uganda) UNDF: Uganda National Demo- Bagwere Ethnic Militia (Uganda) cratic Force UNRF II: Uganda National Rescue Bahima Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Front II USF: Uganda Salvation Front Bakiga Ethnic Militia (Uganda) USF: Uganda Saving Force Bakonzo Ethnic Militia (Uganda) VOMYO: Voice of Movement Youth Balalo Communal Militia (Uganda) WNBF: West Nile Bank Front Bamba Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Protesters (Uganda) Banyarwanda Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Rioters (Uganda) Banyole Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Banyoro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Basongora Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Batooro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Batwa Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bokora Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (Su- dan) Bor Clan Dinka Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Bunyoro Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Busoga Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Chua Clan Militia (Uganda) CNDP: National Congress for the Defence of the People Continued on next page

95 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 47 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Dinka Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Dinka Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Dinka Ngok Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Dodoth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) FDLR: Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda FLC: Congolese Liberation Front Hutu Ethnic Militia (Rwanda) Hutu Rebels Ikuruk Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Interahamwe Militia Jie Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Jopadhola Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Kaluungu Herders Militia (Uganda) Karamajong Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Kibiniko Communal Militia (Uganda) Kuku Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Kuura Communal Militia (Uganda) Lendu Ethnic Militia (Democratic Republic of Congo) Loyangalani Communal Militia (Uganda) Lutuko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) M23: March 23 Movement Matheniko Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Military Forces of United States Moorland Forces Militia (Kenya) MRC: Congolese Revolutionary Movement Mujuuza Communal Militia (Uganda) Muslim Militia (Uganda) NDA: National Democratic Alliance Nuer Ethnic Militia (South Sudan) Okol Clan Militia (Uganda) Pajuru Communal Militia (Uganda) Pakelle Communal Militia (Uganda) Pawaja Clan Militia (Uganda) Pian Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Pobira Clan Militia (Uganda) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Pokot Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Prison Guards (Uganda) Private Security Forces (Uganda) PRM: Political Revenge Movement Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) Protesters (International) Protesters (Libya) Protesters (South Sudan) PUSIC: Party for the Unity and Safekeeping of Congos Integrity RCD-Goma: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Goma) RCD-K-ML: Rally for Congolese Democracy-Kisangani-Liberation Movement RCD-K: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Kisangani) Rioters (International) Rioters (Kenya) Rioters (South Sudan) Rioters (Sudan) RPR: Gathering of the Rwandan People Rwenzururu Royal Militia Sabinys Ethnic Militia (Uganda) SLDF: Sabaot Land Defence Force SLM/A: Sudan Liberation Move- ment/Army SPLA/M-In Opposition: Su- danese Peoples Liberation Army/Movement-In Opposition SPLA/M: Sudanese Peoples Liber- ation Army/Movement Sudanese Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Tepeth Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Turkana Ethnic Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Armed Group (Bu- rundi) Unidentified Armed Group (Demo- cratic Republic of Congo) Continued on next page

96 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 47 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Unidentified Armed Group (Inter- national) Unidentified Armed Group (Kenya) Unidentified Armed Group (Rwanda) Unidentified Armed Group (South Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Sudan) Unidentified Armed Group (Uganda) Unidentified Communal Militia (Uganda) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Kenya) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Sudan) Unidentified Ethnic Militia (Uganda) UPC: Union of Congolese Patriots UWA: Uganda Wildlife Authority Vigilante Militia (Uganda)

2.48 Zambia (1997-2016)

Table 48: Zambia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011- Government of Zambia, Mili- tary Forces of Zambia, Police Forces of Zambia 1991-2002 Military Forces of Zambia, Po- Mutiny of Military Forces of Zam- lice Forces of Zambia bia (National Redemption Council) 2002-2008 Police Forces of Zambia 2008-2011 Police Forces of Zambia 1975- Military Forces of Angola 1997-2001 Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo 2001- Military Forces of Democratic Re- public of Congo FDD: Forum for Democracy BFM: Barotseland Freedom Move- Civilians (Zambia) Christian Militia (Zambia) and Development ment Civilians (Angola) Lunda Ethnic Militia (Zambia) MDD: Movement for Multi- Protesters (Zambia) Civilians (Democratic Luvale Ethnic Militia (Zambia) Party Democracy Republic of Congo) PF: Patriotic Front Private Security Forces (Zambia) MMD: Movement for Multi- Civilians (Tanzania) Protesters (International) Party Democracy Civilians (South Protesters (Rwanda) Africa) Protesters (Zimbabwe) RCD-K: Rally for Congolese Democracy (Kisangani) Tongas under Oath Rioters (Democratic Republic of Congo) UNPD: United Party for Na- Rioters (Tanzania) tional Development UPND: United Party for Na- Unidentified Armed Group (An- tional Development gola) ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe African Unidentified Armed Group (Demo- National Union-Patriotic Front cratic Republic of Congo) Rioters (Zambia) Civilians (Interna- Unidentified Armed Group (Zam- tional) bia) UNITA: National Union for the To- tal Independence of Angola Vigilante Militia (Somalia) Vigilante Militia (Zambia) ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe African Na- tional Union-Patriotic Front

97 Actor Dictionaries xSub 2.49 Zimbabwe (1997-2016)

Table 49: Zimbabwe Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1987- Military Forces of Zimbabwe Mutiny of Military Forces of Zim- (Presidential Security Unit), babwe Police Forces of Zimbabwe CIO: Central Intelligence Or- Anti-Senate Militia Civilians (Zimbabwe) “Al Shabaab” Militia ganization MDC-M: Movement for Demo- Chipangano Militia Civilians (Democratic AAWU: Aggrieved Affiliates Work- cratic Change (Mutambara Republic of Congo) ers Union Faction) MDC-N: Movement for Demo- Mutiny of Military Forces of Zim- Civilians (Interna- ANC: African National Congress cratic Change (Ncube Faction) babwe (1987-) tional) MDC-Renewal: Movement for Top Six Militia Civilians (Mozam- Duma Clan Militia (Zimbabwe) Democratic Change (Biti Fac- bique) tion) MDC-T: Movement for Demo- Upfumi Kuvadiki Civilians (South Johanne Marange Apostolic Sect cratic Change (Tsvangirai Fac- Africa) tion) MDC: MDC-Renewal: Move- Protesters (Zimbabwe) Militia (Farmers) ment for Democratic Change (Biti Faction) MDC: Movement for Demo- Rioters (Zimbabwe) Militia (Miners) cratic Change MDC: Movement for Demo- Nyau Communal Militia (Zim- cratic Change (Mangoma Fac- babwe) tion) MDC: Movement for Demo- Prison Guards (Zimbabwe) cratic Change Pro-Senate Mili- tia Private Security Forces (Zimbabwe) Protesters (Democratic Republic of Congo) NCA: National Constituent As- Protesters (Nigeria) sembly PF: People First Protesters (Uganda) RENAMO: Mozambican National Resistance ZANU-PF: Zimbabwe African Rozvi Clan Militia (Zimbabwe) National Union-Patriotic Front ZNYS: Zimbabwe National Unidentified Armed Group (Demo- Youth Service cratic Republic of Congo) ZRP: Zimbabwe Republic Po- Unidentified Armed Group (Zim- lice Militia babwe) Vigilante Militia (Zimbabwe) ZNLWVA: Zimbabwe National Lib- eration War Veterans Association

98 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3 Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) Asia

Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is the public collection of political violence and protest data for developing states. This data includes information on the specific dates and locations of political violence and protest, the types of event, the groups involved, fatalities, and changes in territorial control. Information is recorded on the battles, killings, riots, and recruitment activities of rebels, governments, militias, armed groups, protesters and civilians. ACLED is directed by Prof. Clionadh Raleigh and is presently supported by Minerva project funding through the CCAPS program and the European Research Commission grant no. 283755.2

2The information is taken from: http://www.acleddata.com/.

99 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.1 Bangladesh (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 50: Bangladesh Page 1 of Table 50 Government Rebel Civilian Other Bangladesh Awami League Militia ABT: Ansarullah Bangla Team Civilians Tita Communal Militia (Bangladesh) Arakan Liberation Party Ansar-Al-Islam Bangladesh Civilians (Interna- AA: Arakan Army tional) Bangladesh Awami League BJG: Bangladeshi Jihadi Group Civilians (Italy) Akannopur Communal Militia Bangladesh Awami League milita Hizb ut-Tahrir Akbarpur Communal Militia Bangladesh Awami League Militia ICS: Islami Chhatra Shibir Al-Qaeda (Subcontinent) BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra League JeI: Jamaat-e-Islami Aliarpur Communal Militia BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra League JMB: Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Alinagar Communal Militia milita Bangladesh BCL: Bangladesh Chhatra League Rioters (Bangladesh) Araihajar Upazila Communal Militia Militia BGB: Border Guard Bangladesh Rioters (Bangladesh) Astagram Communal Militia Biplobi Communist Party Militia Vigilante Militia (Bangladesh) Atghar Communal Militia BNP: Bangladesh Nationalist Party Protesters (Bangladesh) Babna Para Communal Militia militia BNP: Bangladesh Nationalist Party Baonpur Communal Militia Militia Goverment of Bangladesh Baraipara Communal Militia Government of the People’s Repub- Barin Nagar Communal Militia lic of Bangladesh Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal Militia Barni Communal Militia JCD: Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal Barni Communal Militia JJD:Jatiyatabadi Juba Dal Basiakhauri Communal Militia Jubo League Militia Bhoga Bosontopur Communal Militia Military Forces of Bangladesh Boigram Communal Militia PBCP-ML: Purba Bangler Commu- Burungi Communal Militia nist Party (Marxist-Leninist) PBCP: Purba Banglar Communist Chandina Communal Militia Party PBCP: Purba Banglar Communist Chapra Communal Militia Party Militia PCJSS: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Char Bhobanipur Communal Militia Sanghati Samity Police Forces of Bangladesh Char Bolaki Communal Militia Purba Banglar Communist Party Char Chowka Communal Militia (PBCP) Charkadia Communal Militia Chotodesh Communal Militia Cox’s Bazar Communal Militia Dakhkhin Barog Communal Militia Dashiarchhara Communal Militia Dhaka Communal Militia Dhurail Communal Militia Dikpara Communal Militia Fulpara Communal Militia Gabtoli Communal Militia Ganga Rampur Communal Militia Gangadashpur Communal Militias Gano Bahini Militia Ghagha Communal Militia Ghorashal Communal Militia Gobindoganj Communal militia Gobordari Communal Militia Gopalganj Communal Militia IS: Islamic State Jawaicherra Communal Militia JB: Jisan Bahini JJD: Jatiyotabadi Jubo Dal Militia Joynagar Communal Militia Kachua Communal Militia Kala Communal Militia Kali Mandir Communal Militia Kalikapur Communal Militia Kamalpur Communal Militia Kandi Communal Militia Karshakarial Hawla Communal Militia Kashmipur Communal Militia Katlipara Communal Militia Kauriakandi Communal Militia Kazianagar Communal Militia Continued on next page

100 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 50 Government Rebel Civilian Other Khararia Communal Militia Kholadanga Communal Militia Khramkhali Communal Militia Kishoreganj Communal Militia Kolipur Communal Militia Kunihari Communal Militia Kutubpure Halimpur Communal Militia Madanga Communal Militia Madaripur Communal Group (Bangladesh) Maheshpur Communal Militia Mahipal Communal Militia Maonpur Communal Militia Military Forces of India Molani Communal Militia Monduri Communal Militia Motiganj Communal Militia Muminpur Barog Communal Militia Munshiganj Communal Militia Naopara Communal Militia Naraliya Communal Militia Natore Communal Militia Nazir Chairman Communal Militia Nishchintopur Communal Militia Noysree Communal Militia Omarpur Communal Militia Ostadona Communal Militia Pallabi Communal Militia Paskata Communal Militia Paskatan Communal Militia Pataria Communal Militia Pirojpur Communal Militia Pirpur Communal Militia Police Forces of India Police Forces of Myanmar Protabpur Communal Militia Purba Barati Communal Militia Purbo Shibpur Communal Militia Rajshahi Communal militia Ramaganj Communal Militia Rameshwarpur Communal Militia Rangunia Communal Militia Raninagar Communal Militia Ratanpur Communal militia Rofinagar Communal Militia Sadullapur Communal Militia Sahapur Communal Militia Sarangpur Communal Militia Satpur Khasjan Communal Militia Shahjirgaon Communal Militia Shapkhola Communal Militia Sheuly Communal Militia Shibasram Communal Militia Shyampur Communal Militia Sinduria Boruria Communal Militia Slida Communal Militia Srirampur Communal Militia Sylhet Communal Militia Tanai Communal Militia Taterkathi Communal Militia The Islami Chhatra Shibir Militia Tita Communal Militia Took Dhirai Communal Militia Ulpur Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Bangladesh) Unidentified Armed Group (India) Unidentified Armed Group (Myanmar) Unidentified Communal Group (Bangladesh) Uttar Rajnagar Communal Militia Vigilante Group (Bangladesh) Zamira Communal Militia Zamudangan Communal Militia

101 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.2 Cambodia (January 2015- January 2017)

Table 51: Cambodia Government Rebel Civilian Other Military Forces of Cambodia Protesters (Cambodia) Civilians (Cambodia) Military Forces of Vietnam Police Forces of Cambodia Rioters (Cambodia) Police Forces of Vietnam Tbong Khmum Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Cambodia) Unidentified Communal Militia (China)

102 Actor Dictionaries xSub

103 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.3 India (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 52: India Page 1 of Table 52 Government Rebel Civilian Other BJP: Bharatiya Janata Party Mili- Ahraula Communal Militia Civilians CorCom tia (Bangladesh) CPI (Maoist): Communist Party of Akalia Communal Militia Civilians (india) IS: Islamic State India (Maoist) CPI(M): Communist Party of India Akupur Communal Militia Civilians (India) KIO: Kuki Independent Organization (Marxist) Militia CPI(ML): Communist Party of In- Alidar Communal Militia Civilians (Interna- LeI: Lashkar-e-Islam dia (Marxist-Leninist) tional) Government of India AMEF: Achik Matgrik Elite Force Civilians (Nigeria) LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba Indian National Congress Militia ANLA: Achik National Liberation Civilians (Pakistan) LeT: Lashkar-e-Taiba Army IPFT: Indigenous People’s Front of ASAK: Achik Songna An- Military Forces of Myanmar Tripura Militia pachakgipa Kotok JJMP: Jharkhand Jan Mukti ASAK: Achik Songna An- Military Forces of Pakistan Parishad pachakgipa Kotok KCP (PML): Kangleipak Commu- Ashokenagar Communal Militia Military Forces of Sri Lanka nist Party - Poirei Meitei Lup KCP: Kangleipak Communist Party Ayodhya Communal Militia PLA: People’s Liberation Army Militia Maoist Communist Party of Ma- Bagha Purana Communal Militia Police Forces of Pakistan nipur Military Forces of India Baghmara Communal Militia Protesters (China) Police Forces of India Bahraich Communal Militia Protesters (Pakistan) Private Security Forces Bahujan Samaj Militia Protesters (Russia) RSS: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Bajrang Dal Protesters (Sri Lanka) Sangh RSS: Rashtriya Swayamseyak Bajrang Dal Protesters (Tibet) Sangh Militia SAD: Shiromani Akali Dal Militia Baloda Bazar Communal Militia Rioters (Bangladesh) Samajwadi Party Militia Bamundongra Communal Militia Rioters (Pakistan) TMC: Trinamool Congress Party Bansa Communal Militia Unidentifid Armed Group (India) Militia Bareilly Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (India) Barelvi Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (India) Basirhat Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Bhadas Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Sri Lanka) Bhinder Kalan Communal Militia Unidentified Communal Group (India) Bhooi Communal Militia Bhupal Khurd Communal Militia Brahmin Communal Militia Buxar Communal Militia Chakar Communal Militia Charason Communal Militia Chauri Chaura Communal Militia Chhawla Communal Militia Chhota Brahampur Communal Militia Chulkana Communal Militia Dabri Communal Militia Dalit Communal Militia Dara Communal Militia Darbar Communal Militia Daulatpura Niwan Communal Mili- tia Deobandi Communal Militia Dhayanpur Dera Communal Militia DHD: Dima Halim Daogah Dhindawali Communal Militia DHNA: Dima Hasao National Army Dhogri Communal Militia Dhori Communal Militia Dimasa Communal Militia DMK: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Militia Dukhtaran-e-Millat Ekla Rasoolpur Communal Militia Faridkot Communal Militia Gagarpur Communal Militia Gau Raksha Dal Gau Raksha Samiti Gau Rakshak Gauripur Communal Militia Gharaunti Communal Militia GNLA: Garo National Liberation Army Gomti Nagar Communal Militia Gorakhpur Communal Militia Gugaliyana Communal Militia Halisahar Communal Militia Continued on next page

104 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 52 Government Rebel Civilian Other Hariharpara Communal Militia Hazaribag Communal Militia Hazinagar Communal Militia Himmatnagar Communal Militia HJM: Hindu Jagaran Manch Militia HM: Hizb-ul-Mujahideen HPC-D: Hmar People’s Convention- Democracy Ireng Communal Militia Jalandhar Communal Militia Jaloor Communal Militia Jasoori Communal Milita Jats Communal Militia JeM: Jaish-e-Mohammad Jharkhand Adivasi Sangharsh Mor- cha Militia Jharkhand Jan Mukti Parishad Jharkhand Prastuti Committee Jharkhand Sangharsh Jan Mukti Morcha JJMP: Jharkhand Jansangharsh Mukti Morcha JNB: Jadi Naiso Bojam JPC: Jharkhand Prastuti Commit- tee Kakdoli Sardara Communal Militia Kaliganj Communal Militia Kamlapur Communal Militia Kanawani Communal Militia Kanpur Communal Militia Kanwar Communal Militia Karmoni Communal Militia Kashipur Communal Militia Khabung Karong Communal Mili- tia KLO: Kamtapur Liberation Organi- zation KNF(N): Kuki National Front (Nehlun) KNLF: Kuki National Liberation Front KNO: Kuki National Organisation Kotwali Communal Militia KPLT: Karbi People’s Liberation Tiger KPLT: Karbi People Liberation Tigers KRA: Kuki Revolutionary Army KRA: Kuki Revolutionary Army KRF: Kuki Revolutionary Front Krishna Nagar Communal Militia KUFO: Kuki Unification Frontal Organisation Kurawali Communal Militia Kurmawa Communal Militia Lambung Communal Militia Madhyamgram Communal Militia Magharpura Communal Militia Mallan Communal Militia Malsian Communal Militia Manserpur Communal Militia Mantri Pantha Communal Militia Maram Khunou Communal Militia Maratha Communal Militia Meghwal Communal Militia Memadpur Communal Militia MNPF: Manipur Naga People’s Front MNPF: Manipur Naga Peoples’ Front MNRF: Manipur Naga Revolution- ary Front Moodabidri Communal Militia Moran Tiger Force Mota Karja Communal Militia Moti Pokhra Communal Militia Murhu Communal Militia Naga Communal Militia Naihati Communal Militia Nainital Communal Militia Nalanda Communal Militia Nandlapur Communal Militia Naraini Communal Militia Nathwal Communal Militia NDFB-S: National Democratic Front of Bodoland - Songbijit Continued on next page

105 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 52 Government Rebel Civilian Other NDFB-S: National Democratic Front of Bodoland - Songbijit Nerkattumseval Communal Militia New Keithelmanbi Communal Mili- tia NSCN-IM: National Socialist Coun- cil of Nagaland-Isak-Muivah NSCN-K: National Socialist Coun- cil of Nagaland-Khaplang NSCN-KK: National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khole-Kitovi NSCN-U: National Socialist Coun- cil of Nagaland-Unification NSLA: National Santhal Liberation Army Nungei Communal Militia Pakhi Kalan Communal Militia Pakhoke Communal Militia Pandaria Communal Militia Parch Communal Militia Patan Communal Militia Patiala Communal Militia Peda Communal Militia People’s Liberation Army of Ma- nipur PLFI: People’s Liberation Front of India PLFI: Peoples Liberation Front of India PLGA: People’s Liberation Guer- rilla Army PREPAK: Peoples Revolutionary Party of Kanleipak Protesters (India) Raidighi Communal Militia Rajam Communal Militia Rajput Communal Militia Rampur Communal Militia Ranchi Communal Militia Randar Communal Militia Rapar Communal Militia Rasoolabad Communal Militia Raxaul Communal Militia Reang Communal Militia Reshma Communal Militia Rioters (India) RPF: Revolutionary People’s Front Militia Saaliyar Communal Militia Sabbalpura Communal Militia Sangtam Communal Militia SBSS: Swadheen Bharat Subhash Sena Militia Shah-e-Alam Communal Militia Shahjadpur Communal Militia Shahpur Communal Militia Shamshabad Communal Militia Sikh Communal Militia (India) Sikh Communal Militia Singda Kuki Communal Militia Sohana Communal Militia Sultanpur Lodhi Communal Militia Sultanpura Communal Militia Sunngadi Communal Militia Tarsikka Communal Militia The Base Movement TLA: Tiwa Liberation Army Tofapur Communal Militia TPC: Tritiya Prastuti Committee UALA: United A’chik Liberation Army UANF: United Achik National Front UDLA: United Democratic Libera- tion Army Ugala Communal Militia ULFA-I: United Liberation Front of Assam (Independent) ULFA: United Liberation Front of Assam Unidentified Communal Militia United Naga Council Militia UNLF: United National Liberation Front UNLFW: United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 52 Government Rebel Civilian Other Upper Caste Communal Militia Upper Caste Hindu Communal Militia URF: United Revolutionary Front UTLA: United Tribal Liberation Army Vadodara Communal Militia Virk Kalan Communal Militia Wed Communal Militia Yadav Communal Militia ZUF: Zeliangrong United Front

3.4 Laos (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 53: Laos Government Rebel Civilian Other Military Forces of Laos Protesters (Laos) Civilians (China) Unidentified Armed Group (Laos) Police Forces of Laos Civilians (Laos)

3.5 Myanmar (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 54: Myanmar Government Rebel Civilian Other ALA: Arakan Liberation Army AA: Arakan Army Civilians (Germany) Military Forces of Bangladesh DKBA: Democratic Karen Benevo- CNF: Chin National Front Civilians (Myanmar) Military Forces of India lent Army Government of Myanmar KIA: Kachin Independence Army NCCT: Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team Karen BGF: Karen Border Guard KIA: Kachin Independence Army PLA: People’s Liberation Army Force Military Forces of Myanmar KKO: Klohtoobaw Karen Organiza- PPM: Pangsay People’s Militia tion Police Forces of Myanmar KNLA: Karen National Liberation Rakhine Ethnic Militia Army Republic of the Union of Myanmar KNU: The Karen National Union SSA: Shan State Army (2008-) Republic of the Union of Myanmar MNDAA: Myanmar National Unidentified Armed Group (Myanmar) Democratic Alliance Arm MNDAA: Myanmar National Wanparng Communal Militia Democratic Alliance Army MNDAA: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army MNLA: Mon National Liberation Army PNLO: Pa-Oh National Liberation Organization Protesters (Myanmar) Protesters (Myanmar) Rioters (Myanmar) RNSC: Rohingya National Solidar- ity Council SNA: Shanni Nationalities Army SSA-N: Shan State Army-North SSA-S: Shan State Army-South TNLA: Ta’ang National Liberation Army United Wa State Army

107 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.6 Nepal (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 55: Nepal Government Rebel Civilian Other CPN(M): Communist Party Nepal ATMM: Akhil Terai Mukti Morcha Civilians (Nepal) Belauri Communal Militia (Maoist) Militia Government of the Federal Demo- Protesters (Nepal) Police Forces of India cratic Republic of Nepal Janatantrik Tiger Janashakti Party Rioters (Nepal) Rioters (India) MCCN: Maoist Communist Centre RIoters (Nepal) Unidentified Armed Group (India) of Nepal Police Forces of Nepal SLMM: Samyukta Loktantrik Mad- Unidentified Armed Group (Nepal) hesi Morcha Militia Vigilante Group (Nepal) Vigilante Militia (Nepal)

3.7 Pakistan (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 56: Pakistan Government Rebel Civilian Other ANP: Awami National Party Militia Baloch Separatists Civilians Ababaki Communal Militia (Afghanistan) Government of the Islamic Republic Baloch Separatists (Pakistan) Civilians (China) Afghani Taliban of Pakistan Government of The Islamic Repub- Baloch Separtists (Pakistan) Civilians (India) Al-Qaeda lic of Pakistan Military Forces of Pakistan BLA: Baloch Liberation Army Civilians (Pakistan) Al-Qaeda (Subcontinent) PML-N: Pakistan Muslim League- BLA: Baloch Liberation Army Al-Qaeda (Subcontinent) Nawaz Militia Police Forces of Pakistan BLF: Baloch Liberation Front Al Qaeda Police Forces of Paskistan BRA: Baloch Republican Army Amr bil Maroof wa Nahi Anil Munkar PPP: Pakistan Peoples Party Mili- Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group Bazaar-Zakhakhel Communal Lashkar tia STPP: Sindh Taraqi Pasand Party Jamaat-ul-Ahrar Government of India Militia Jundallah IS: Islamic State Lashkar-e-Balochistan Jatoi Communal Militia LeI: Lashkar-e-Islam Kharan Communal Militia LeJ: Lashkar-e-Jabbar Kotli Communal Militia Protesters (Pakistan) Military Forces of Afghanistan Protestors (Pakistan) Military Forces of India PTI: Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf Mili- Military Forces of Iran tia Rioters (Pakistan) Military Forces of The United States of America SRA: Sindhudesh Revolutionary Military Forces of the United States of Amer- Army ica TTP Geedar: Tehreek-i-Taliban Military Forces of The United States of Pakistan Geedar Group America TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan Mumtaz Qadri (Geedar Group) TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan Police Forces of Afghanistan (Geedar Group) TTP: Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan Police Forces of India Protesters (India) Rioters (India) Surab Communal Militia Tampoo Communal Militia TI: Tauheedul Islam TI: Tauheedul Islam Unidentified Armed Group (Afghanistan) Unidentified Armed Group (India) Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Unidentified Armed Group (Pakistan) Zakakhel Communal Militia Zakakhel Communal Militia

108 Actor Dictionaries xSub 3.8 Sri Lanka (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 57: Sri Lanka Government Rebel Civilian Other Military Forces of Sri Lanka Protesters (Sri Lanka) Civilians (India) LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam NDF: National Democratic Front Rioters (Sri Lanka) Civilians (Sri Lanka) Rioters (China) Police Forces of Sri Lanka Unidentified Armed Group (Bangladesh) UPFA: United People’s Freedom Al- Unidentified Armed Group (India) liance Unidentified Armed Group (Sri Lanka)

3.9 Thailand (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 58: Thailand Government Rebel Civilian Other Government of Thailand Protesters (Myanmar) Civilians (Myanmar) Bannang Sata Communal Militia Military Forces of Thailand Protesters (Thailand) Civilians (Thailand) Chanae Communal Militia Police Forces of Thailand Rioters (Thailand) Civilians (Vietnam) Cho Airong Communal Militia RKK: Runda Kumpulan Kecil Khok Pho Communal Militia Southern Muslim Separatists Lammai Communal Militia Southern Muslim Separatists (Thai- Mae Lan Communal Militia land) Mayo Communal Militia Muang Communal Militia Nong Chik Communal Militia Panare Communal Militia Private Security Forces Raman Communal Militia Rangae Communal Militia Rioters (Cambodia) Si Sakhon Communal Militia Southern Muslim Militia (Thailand) SSA-S: Shan State Army-South Sungai Kolok Communal Militia Sungai Padi Communal Militia Surat Thani Communal Militia Tak Bai Communal Militia Thepha Communal Militia TNP: Ta’ang National Party To Deng Communal Militia Unidentified Armed Group (Thailand) Village Defence Volunteers Yaha Communal Militia Yala Communal Militia Yarang Communal Militia Yaring Communal Militia Yingo Communal Militia

3.10 Viet Nam (January 2015-January 2017)

Table 59: Viet Nam Government Rebel Civilian Other Police Forces of Vietnam Protesters (Vietnam) Civilians (Vietnam) Military Forces of China Rioters (Vietnam) Unidentified Armed Group (China) Unidentified Armed Group (Vietnam)

109 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4 Uppsala Conflict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED)

Uppsala Conflict Data Program Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP GED) covers individ- ual geo-coded daily events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place) (Sundberg and Melander, 2013).

110 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.1 Afghanistan (1989-2014)

Table 60: Afghanistan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Hizb-i Islami-yi 2001 - 2014 Government of United States of al-Qaida America 1989 - 1989 Harakat-i Inqilab-i Islami-yi, Ittihad-i Islami Bara-yi Azadi-yi 1989 - 1992 Hizb-i Islami-yi- Khalis faction 1989 - 2003 Hizb-i Wahdat 1994 - 2003 Hizb-i Wahdat - Akbari faction 1991 - 1991 Jamiat-ul-Dawa 1989 - 2007 Jam’iyyat-i Islami-yi 2011 - 2011 LeJ Government of Pakistan 1990 - 1990 Military faction (forces of Shah- nawaz Tanay) 1995 - 2000 Shura-yi Nazar-i Shomali 1994 - 2014 Taleban 1996 - 1996 Taleban - Ali Dad faction (1996 - 1996), Taleban - Mola Khel faction (1996 - 1996) 1996 - 2001 UIFSA (1996 - 2001) 1992 - 2014 Civilians 2003 - 2003 Forces of Abdul Rahman Khan , Forces of Amanullah 2002 - 2006 Forces of Amanullah Khan 2006 - 2006 Forces of Arbab Basir 2002 - 2004 Forces of Ismail Khan 1995 - 1995 Forces of Sayed Mansur Naderi 1993 - 1995 Government of Tajikistan , UTO 1992 - 2004 Junbish-i Milli-yi Islami 1989 - 1996 Mahaz-i Milli-yi Islami-yi

4.2 Algeria (1990-2013)

Table 61: Algeria Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Algeria 1992 - 1999 AIS 1998 - 2014 AQIM 1992 - 2004 GIA 1998 - 1998 GIA - El Ahd Battalion , GIA - El Forkane , GIA - El Khadra Battal- ion 2012 - 2013 MUJAO 2013 - 2013 Signed-in-Blood Battalion Tuareg Indinan 1990 - 1992 Takfir wa’l Hijra 1993 - 2013 Civilians

4.3 Angola (1989-2014)

Table 62: Angola Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of 1992 - 2014 FLEC-FAC 1991 - 2005 FLEC-R 1989 - 2013 UNITA 1989 - 2010 Civilians

111 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.4 Argentina (1992-1992)

Table 63: Argentina Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 Hezbollah Government of Israel

4.5 Bahrain (2011-2011)

Table 64: Bahrain Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011 - 2011 Government of Bahrain Civilians

4.6 Bangladesh (1989-2014)

Table 65: Bangladesh Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2013 Government of Bangladesh Civilians 1989 - 2014 Supporters of Awami League , Supporters of BNP 2004 - 2010 Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh 1989 - 2003 JSS/SB 1993 - 2010 PBCP 2004 - 2009 PBCP-J 1993 - 2004 BCP 2000 - 2000 BNLF , RSO 1990 - 2008 Government of India 1991 - 2000 Government of Myanmar (Burma) 2000 - 2009 NLFT 2013 - 2013 Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami

4.7 Bhutan (1997-2004)

Table 66: Bhutan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997 - 2004 NDFB 2004 - 2004 Civilians 1997 - 1997 Government of India

4.8 Botswana (1990-2090)

Table 67: Botswana Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 1990 Civilians Government of South Africa

112 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.9 Burundi (1991-2014)

Table 68: Burundi Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Burundi 1994 - 1998 CNDD 1998 - 2004 CNDD-FDD 1990 - 1997 Frolina 1995 - 2000 Hutu rebels 1991 - 1995 Palipehutu 1997 - 2008 Palipehutu-FNL 2007 - 2007 Palipehutu-FNL - LP 1991 - 2014 Civilians 1997 - 2000 ALiR 2002 - 2004 FDLR 1994 - 1994 FPR , Interahamwe, ex-FAR 1994 - 2004 Government of Rwanda

4.10 Cambodia (1989-2012)

Table 69: Cambodia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 1998 FUNCINPEC KR 1989 - 2012 Government of Cambodia (Kampuchea) 1989 - 1991 KPNLF 1990 - 2012 Civilians 1997 - 2011 Government of Thailand

4.11 Cameroon (1990-2014)

Table 70: Cameroon Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2009 Government of Cameroon 2013 - 2014 Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad 1990 - 2014 Civilians 1998 - 1998 Bafanji, Balikumbat 1991 - 1991 Banya, Foulbe, Hausa 1992 - 1994 Choa Arab, Kotoko 1994 - 2014 Government of Nigeria

4.12 Central African Republic (2001-2014)

Table 71: Central African Republic Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 2014 Government of Central African Civilians Republic 2009 - 2011 CPJP 2002 - 2003 Forces of Francois Bozize 2012 - 2014 FPR-BL 2013 - 2014 FPRC anti-Balaka 2001 - 2001 Military faction (forces of Andra Kolingba) 2011 - 2014 Muslims (CAR) Christians (CAR) 2012 - 2013 Seleka 2006 - 2011 UFDR 2014 - 2014 UPC (Al Khatim rebels and Ali Darass Fulani supporters) 2008 - 2008 Government of Chad 2009 - 2014 Government of Uganda 2007 - 2007 Janjaweed 2008 - 2014 LRA

113 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.13 Chad (1989-2014)

Table 72: Chad Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2010 Government of Chad 2008 - 2008 AN 2004 - 2004 AQIM Government of Algeria 1992 - 1992 CNR 1992 - 2000 CSNPD 1994 - 1998 FARF 1994 - 1994 FNT 2005 - 2007 FUCD 1989 - 1990 Islamic Legion 2014 - 2014 Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad 1991 - 1997 MDD 1999 - 2003 MDJT 1991 - 1991 Military faction (forces of Maldoum Bada Abbas) 1989 - 1989 MOSANAT , RTC 1990 - 1990 MPS 2007 - 2010 PFNR 2006 - 2007 RAFD , Tama , UFDD Zaghawa 2009 - 2009 UFR 1989 - 2014 Civilians 2006 - 2006 Darsalim, Kibete 2002 - 2002 Forces of Francois Bozize 2001 - 2002 Government of Central African Re- public 2005 - 2009 Government of Sudan 2002 - 2007 Janjaweed 2007 - 2009 JEM 2000 - 2000 Khozam, Oulad Rachid 1999 - 1999 Masalit, Rizeigat Abbala

4.14 China (1989-2009)

Table 73: China Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2008 Government of China Civilians 1990 - 2008 ETIM 2009 - 2009 Government of Myanmar (Burma) , Han Chinese , MNDAA , Uighur

4.15 Comoros (1989-1997)

Table 74: Comoros Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 1997 Government of Comoros 1989 - 1989 Presidential guard 1997 - 1998 MPA/Republic of Anjouan 1998 - 1998 MPA - SOC

114 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.16 Cote d’Ivoire (1990-2012)

Table 75: Cote d’Ivoire Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2004 - 2011 FRCI 2000 - 2013 Government of Ivory Coast 2011 - 2011 FDSI-CI AJPSN, Malinka 2004 - 2004 FN - IC 2005 - 2005 MILOCI Dioula, Senufo 2002 - 2003 MJP, MPCI, MPIGO 2000 - 2012 Supporters of Alassane Outtara Supporters of Laurent Gbagbo 1993 - 2013 Civilians 2001 - 2006 Burkinaba 1990 - 1990 Government of Liberia 2001 - 2011 Guara 1995 - 1996 LPC 1990 - 1995 NPFL

115 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.17 Democratic Republic of the Congo (1989-2014)

Table 76: Democratic Republic of the Congo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of DR Congo Civilians (Zaire) 1994 - 1994 Interahamwe, ex-FAR Ninjas , UNITA 1996 - 1996 Interahamwe, MAGRIVI CNDD, Mayi Mayi - Ngilima 1996 - 1997 AFDL 1996 - 2000 ALiR 1999 - 2001 ALiR, CNDD-FDD, Mayi Mayi, RCD-ML 1998 - 2000 ALiR, Mayi Mayi 2001 - 2014 FDLR 2011 - 2011 FDLR, FNL-Rwasa, PARC-FAAL 2008 - 2011 FLEC-FAC 2011 - 2014 Kata Katanga FDC 2012 - 2013 M23 2013 - 2013 M23-R Forces of Paul Joseph Mukungubila , Nyatura 1998 - 2001 MLC 2001 - 2002 MLC, RCD-N 2002 - 2002 MLC, RCD-N, UPC Alur, FRF, FRPI, RCD-K-ML, Government of Burundi 2012 - 2014 NDC APCLS 1998 - 2004 RCD 2004 - 2004 RCD - CP, RCD - LN 2000 - 2003 RCD-K-ML 2003 - 2003 RCD-N FAPC, FNI , FNI, FRPI , FNI, FRPI, RCD-K-ML , PUSIC 2002 - 2003 UPC CNDD-FDD, Mayi Mayi - Makabe 1996 - 2014 ADF, Government of Uganda 2013 - 2014 Bafulero, Banyamulenge, Barundi 1998 - 1998 Bafulero, Bavira, Banyamulenge 2008 - 2008 Bangadi Militia 1993 - 1994 Banyarwanda, Hunde, Nyanga 1998 - 2008 BDK 2007 - 2007 Bena Kapuya, Bena Nsimba 2000 - 2000 CNDD-FDD, Mayi-Mayi 2006 - 2009 CNDP 1997 - 1997 Cobras 2003 - 2004 FAPC 2014 - 2014 FDDH, Raia Mutomboki - Bravo, Raia Mutomboki - Makombo 2001 - 2001 FLC 2002 - 2008 FNI 1994 - 2011 Government of Angola 1994 - 1997 Government of Congo 1994 - 2012 Government of Rwanda 1999 - 1999 Government of Zimbabwe (Rhode- sia) 1999 - 2003 Hema, Lendu 1993 - 1996 Hunde, Hutu 2006 - 2014 LRA 1996 - 2012 Mayi Mayi 2004 - 2005 Mayi Mayi - Chinja Chinja 2010 - 2010 Mayi Mayi Complet 2012 - 2012 Mayi Mayi Kifuafua, Raia Mu- tomboki, Mayi Mayi Lumumba 2002 - 2004 Palipehutu-FNL 2010 - 2014 PARC-FAAL 2007 - 2009 PARECO 2011 - 2012 Raia Mutomboki 2005 - 2007 Rastas 1993 - 1993 SPLM/A

116 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.18 Djibouti (1989-2014)

Table 77: Djibouti Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 2008 Government of Djibouti 2014 - 2014 Al-Shabaab Civilians 1991 - 1995 FRUD 1997 - 1999 FRUD - AD 1989 - 1990 SNM Government of Somalia 1995 - 1995 Forces of Abdurahman Ahmed Ali ’Tur’, Republic of Somaliland 2008 - 2008 Government of Eritrea 1991 - 1991 Oromo, Somali (Ethiopia)

4.19 Egypt (1990-2014)

Table 78: Egypt Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Egypt 2012 - 2014 Supporters of Mohamed Morsi Opponents of Mohamed Morsi 1992 - 2000 al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya 2004 - 2005 Tawhid wal Jihad 2014 - 2014 Wilayat Sinai Bani Hilal, Nubian Dabudiya 1990 - 2005 Civilians 1995 - 2014 Copts (Egypt), Muslims (Egypt) 2010 - 2010 Government of Israel, Hamas 2012 - 2012 Supporters of al-Ahly football team, Supporters of al-Masry football team

4.20 Eritrea (1993-2003)

Table 79: Eritrea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 2003 Government of Eritrea EIJM - AS 1998 - 2000 Government of Ethiopia

117 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.21 Ethiopia (1989-2014)

Table 80: Ethiopia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Ethiopia OLF Civilians 2000 - 2012 Afar Garre, Issa 1993 - 1999 AIAI 1995 - 1995 al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya Government of Egypt 2007 - 2014 Al-Shabaab 1989 - 1991 EPLF, EPRDF 1991 - 1992 IGLF 1989 - 1989 Military faction (forces of Amsha SPLM/A Desta and Merid Negusie) 1991 - 1991 Military faction (Harar garrison) 1994 - 2014 ONLF 2000 - 2000 Ajuran 2006 - 2006 Amaro 1989 - 2005 Amhara 2002 - 2004 Anuak, Ogaden clan (Darod) 1992 - 1993 Arbore 1991 - 1999 Ari , Mursi 2003 - 2003 Bi’idyahan subclan of Majerteen clan (Darod), Dawa, Gura, Ismail subclan of Makahil clan (Darod) 1991 - 2012 Borana, Dizi, Suri 2000 - 2001 Borana, Guji 2006 - 2007 Burji 1993 - 2010 Dassanetch, Turkana 1992 - 2002 Degodia 2001 - 2008 Derashe 2002 - 2002 Dinka, Sheikhal clan (Dir) 1992 - 2011 Gabra 1992 - 2009 Gabra, Garre 1995 - 1998 Gedeo 2001 - 2001 Geri, Makahin, Tishana-Meaen, Zeyle 1998 - 2000 Government of Eritrea 2005 - 2005 Government of Kenya 2013 - 2014 Government of Somalia 2011 - 2011 Government of Sudan, SPLM/A- North 1991 - 2007 Guji 2007 - 2008 Gumuz, Konso 1997 - 2004 Hamar 2004 - 2004 Highlanders 2002 - 2003 Kereyou 2012 - 2012 Lou Nuer 2001 - 2006 Majerteen subclan (Darod), Mare- han subclan of Sede clan (Darod) 2006 - 2012 Murle 2002 - 2006 Nuer 1997 - 2009 Nyangatom 1989 - 2008 Oromo 1992 - 1992 Rer Liban subclan (Issaq), Rer Samatar subclan of Habr Awal (Is- saq) 1991 - 2005 Somali (Ethiopia)

4.22 France (1992-2012)

Table 81: France Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 al-Qaida 1995 - 1995 GIA 1995 - 2012 Civilians 1992 - 1992 Fatah, Government of Israel 1996 - 1996 Government of Sri Lanka, LTTE

118 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.23 Germany (1992-1992)

Table 82: Germany Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 Government of Iran, KDPI

4.24 Ghana (1991-2010)

Table 83: Ghana Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2002 - 2002 Abudu, Andani 1993 - 1995 Dagomba, Gonja, Nanumba , Konkomba 1991 - 1992 Gonja, Konkomba, Nawuri 2000 - 2010 Kusasi, Mamprusi

4.25 Guinea (1994-2011)

Table 84: Guinea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2010 Government of Guinea 2000 - 2001 RFDG 1994 - 2010 Civilians 1998 - 1998 AFRC 2013 - 2013 Konianke 2011 - 2013 Kpelle 1994 - 1994 LDF 2011 - 2011 Malinka 1998 - 2000 RUF 2000 - 2000 Torma, Torma Manian 1996 - 1996 ULIMO - K

4.26 Guinea-Bissau (1992-2000)

Table 85: Guinea-Bissau Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1999 Government of Guinea-Bissau Military Junta for the Consolida- tion of Democracy, Peace and Jus- tice 1992 - 2000 Government of Senegal, MFDC

119 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.27 India (1989-2014)

Table 86: India Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of India Kashmir insurgents, NSCN-IM, Civilians ULFA 1989 - 1990 ABSU 1998 - 1998 Al-Umma 1992 - 2008 ATTF 1996 - 2003 BLTF 2005 - 2014 CPI-Maoist 1999 - 2006 CPI-ML-J 2003 - 2006 DHD, NLFT-B 2007 - 2008 DHD - BW 2010 - 2014 GNLA 2003 - 2003 HPC Bihari 1991 - 1995 HuM, JKLF 2003 - 2013 Indian Mujahideen 1997 - 2012 KCP 1993 - 2009 KNF 2001 - 2009 KRA 2002 - 2008 Lashkar-e-Taiba 1992 - 2004 MCC 1992 - 2011 NDFB 2009 - 2013 NDFB - RD 2013 - 2014 NDFB-S 1992 - 2014 NLFT, PLA 1999 - 2014 NSCN-K 2011 - 2014 NSCN-K-K 2008 - 2008 NSCN-U 2010 - 2010 PCPA 2009 - 2014 PLFI 1999 - 2010 PREPAK 2000 - 2011 PULF 1989 - 2004 PWG 1997 - 2003 Ranvir Sena 1989 - 2009 Sikh insurgents 1993 - 2014 UNLF 2000 - 2007 UPDS 1989 - 2003 Assamese 2012 - 2012 Bangladeshi Immigrants 1989 - 2012 Bodo 2009 - 2009 Dimasa, Zeme Naga 2013 - 2013 Government of Bangladesh 2000 - 2000 Government of Myanmar (Burma) 1990 - 2014 Government of Pakistan 1989 - 2013 Hindus (India), Muslims (India) 1993 - 1999 Kuki, Naga 1997 - 1998 Paite 1996 - 2001 Santhal 1999 - 2000 Tripura Non-Tribal Communities, Tripura Tribal Communities 1999 - 2002 VHP

4.28 Indonesia (1989-2011)

Table 87: Indonesia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2011 Government of Indonesia 1992 - 1999 Fretilin 1989 - 2008 GAM 2002 - 2005 Jemaah Islamiya 2000 - 2002 Laskar Jihad 1990 - 2011 Civilians 1999 - 2011 Christians (Indonesia), Muslims (Indonesia) 1997 - 2001 Dayak, Madurese 1999 - 1999 Dayak, Malay

120 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.29 Iran (1990-2014)

Table 88: Iran Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Iran 2005 - 2012 Jondullah 1990 - 1996 KDPI 1991 - 2001 MEK 2005 - 2014 PJAK 2009 - 2009 Civilians 1996 - 1996 Government of Iraq, PUK

4.30 Iraq (1990-2014)

Table 89: Iraq Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Iraq Civilians 2007 - 2007 1920 Revolution Brigades 2009 - 2009 AAH 2004 - 2009 al-Mahdi Army 1992 - 1992 al-Shaman 2001 - 2011 Ansar al-Islam 1992 - 1994 IMK 2004 - 2014 IS 2005 - 2006 Jamaat Jund al-Sahaba 2014 - 2014 JRTN 1990 - 2000 KDP 1990 - 2006 PUK 2004 - 2007 RJF 1991 - 2004 SCIRI 1991 - 2011 Government of Iran 1991 - 1991 Government of Kuwait 1992 - 2013 Government of Turkey, PKK 1993 - 1996 KDPI 1991 - 2001 MEK 2006 - 2011 PJAK

4.31 Israel (1989-2014)

Table 90: Israel Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Israel Hamas, PFLP, PIJ Civilians Fatah 1995 - 2007 PNA 2000 - 2006 AMB 1989 - 1989 PFLP-GC 2001 - 2014 PRC 1992 - 2006 Hezbollah

4.32 Italy (1993-1993)

Table 91: Italy Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 1993 Government of Iran, MEK

121 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.33 Jordan (1992-2005)

Table 92: Jordan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005 - 2005 IS 1992 - 2005 Civilians 1992 - 1992 Government of Iraq

4.34 Kenya (1989-2014)

Table 93: Kenya Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2013 Government of Kenya 2011 - 2014 Al-Shabaab 2007 - 2007 ARS/UIC 2006 - 2008 SLDF 1989 - 2014 Civilians Dassanetch, Pokot 2000 - 2000 Ajuran 1996 - 2014 Borana 2013 - 2014 Burji, Gabra 1998 - 2014 Degodia 1996 - 1996 Dinka, Nuer, Pokot, Samburu 2010 - 2010 Dodoth 1997 - 2014 Gabra 2000 - 2014 Garre 2005 - 2008 Garre subclan of Digil clan (Digil- Mirifle), Murule subclan of Gu- gundabe clan (Hawiye) 1999 - 2011 Government of Ethiopia 2007 - 2014 Government of Somalia 1989 - 2008 Government of Uganda 2004 - 2004 Hawarsame Rer Hasan and Habar Ya’qub subclan of Marehan clan (Darod), Rer Ahmad subclan (Hawiye) 1999 - 2008 Jie 1991 - 2008 Kalenjin, Kikuyu 1989 - 1989 Karimojong 1997 - 2008 Kisii 1992 - 1993 Luhya 2007 - 2008 Luo 1992 - 1992 Luo, Kisii 1992 - 2008 Maasai 1999 - 2001 Marakwet, OLF 2013 - 2013 Matheniko Karimojong 2008 - 2008 MDF 2007 - 2009 Mungiki 1998 - 1998 Nandi 1993 - 2011 Nyangatom, Toposa 1989 - 2006 Nyangatom, Toposa 2011 - 2011 ONLF 2012 - 2013 Orma 2001 - 2001 Orma, Wardei 2001 - 2013 Pokomo 2005 - 2005 Sabiny 1992 - 2014 Samburu 1996 - 2009 Somali (Kenya) 1991 - 2014 Turkana

4.35 Kuwait (1990-1996)

Table 94: Kuwait Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 1991 Government of Kuwait 1990 - 1996 Civilians Government of Iraq

122 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.36 Kyrgyzstan (1999-2010)

Table 95: Kyrgyzstan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1999 - 2006 IMU Government of Uzbekistan 2010 - 2010 Kyrgyz, Uzbek

4.37 Laos (1989-2006)

Table 96: Laos Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2006 Government of Laos 1989 - 2000 LRM 1990 - 2006 Civilians

4.38 Lebanon (1989-2014)

Table 97: Lebanon Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Lebanon Hezbollah 2013 - 2013 Brigades of Aisha ADP 1989 - 1992 Fatah 1989 - 1990 Fatah Revolutionary Council 1989 - 1993 Forces of Michel Aoun Lebanese Forces 2014 - 2014 IS 1989 - 2006 PFLP-GC Government of Israel 1989 - 1996 PFLP 1994 - 2013 Civilians 2012 - 2014 Alawite (Lebanon), Sunni (Lebanon) 1989 - 2000 Amal, SLA 1994 - 1994 Government of Iraq 2013 - 2014 Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham 1992 - 2006 PIJ 1989 - 2008 PSP

4.39 Lesotho (1998-1998)

Table 98: Lesotho Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1998 Government of Lesotho Military faction

123 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.40 Liberia (1989-2003)

Table 99: Liberia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2003 Government of Liberia Civilians 1996 - 1996 AFL, LPC, ULIMO-J, NPFL, ULIMO-K 1990 - 1991 INPFL 1993 - 1994 LDF 1993 - 1996 LPC 2000 - 2003 LURD 2003 - 2003 MODEL 1989 - 1996 NPFL 1994 - 1997 ULIMO - J 1994 - 1996 ULIMO - K 1991 - 1993 ULIMO 2001 - 2001 Government of Guinea, RFDG 1993 - 1993 Government of Sierra Leone, RUF

4.41 Libya (2011-2014)

Table 100: Libya Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2003 Government of Libya Civilians 1996 - 1996 AFL, LPC, ULIMO-J, NPFL, ULIMO-K 1990 - 1991 INPFL 1993 - 1994 LDF 1993 - 1996 LPC 2000 - 2003 LURD 2003 - 2003 MODEL 1989 - 1996 NPFL 1994 - 1997 ULIMO - J 1994 - 1996 ULIMO - K 1991 - 1993 ULIMO 2001 - 2001 Government of Guinea , RFDG 1993 - 1993 Government of Sierra Leone , RUF

4.42 Madagascar (2002-2012)

Table 101: Madagascar Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2012 Government of Madagascar Civilians 2009 - 2009 Supporters of Andry Rajoelina 2002 - 2002 Supporters of Didier Ratsiraka 2002 - 2009 Supporters of Marc Ravalomanana

124 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.43 Mali (1990-2014)

Table 102: Mali Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Mali Civilians 2012 - 2013 Military faction (Red Berets) 2013 - 2014 al-Murabitun 2012 - 2014 Ansar Dine , MNLA 2005 - 2014 AQIM 2012 - 2012 AQIM, Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Dogon Lidda’awati wal-Jihad, MUJAO, MUJAO, Signed-in-Blood Battalion 1994 - 1994 ARLA, FIAA, FPLA 2007 - 2009 ATNMC 2014 - 2014 CMA , GATIA 1991 - 1995 FIAA 1990 - 1994 MPA 1994 - 2012 MPGK 2013 - 2013 MUJAO, Signed-in-Blood Battalion MAA 1999 - 2004 Arab , Kounta 1997 - 2014 Fulani , Touareg 2005 - 2005 Government of Algeria 2010 - 2011 Government of Mauritania

4.44 Malaysia (2013-2013)

Table 103: Malaysia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2013 Government of Malaysia ASG, Sultanate of Sulu Civilians

4.45 Mauritania (1989-2012)

Table 104: Mauritania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2012 Government of Mauritania Civilians 2008 - 2011 AQIM 1989 - 1989 Mauritanian, Senegalese

4.46 Morocco (1989-2003)

Table 105: Morocco Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 1991 Government of Morocco POLISARIO 2003 - 2003 Salafia Jihadia Civilians

4.47 Mozambique (1989-2014)

Table 106: Mozambique Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Mozambique Renamo Civilians 1991 - 1991 Naparama

125 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.48 Myanmar (1989-2014)

Table 107: Myanmar Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Myanmar KIO, KNU Civilians (Burma) 1996 - 1996 BMA 1994 - 2008 DKBA 2010 - 2014 DKBA 5 2000 - 2000 God’s Army MDA - LM, MDA 1989 - 2012 KNPP 1990 - 1996 MTA 1990 - 1995 NMSP 1991 - 2011 NSCN-K 2013 - 2014 PSLF 1996 - 2013 RCSS 1991 - 2014 RSO 2006 - 2014 SSPP 1990 - 2011 UWSA 2001 - 2014 Buddhists (Myanmar) , Muslims (Myanmar) 2009 - 2014 MNDAA

4.49 Namibia (1989-2002)

Table 108: Namibia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2002 Civilians 1999 - 2002 Government of Angola 1989 - 1989 Government of South Africa 1994 - 2002 UNITA

4.50 Nepal (1990-2009)

Table 109: Nepal Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2002 Civilians 1999 - 2002 Government of Angola 1989 - 1989 Government of South Africa 1994 - 2002 UNITA

4.51 Niger (1989-2013)

Table 110: Niger Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2013 Government of Mali MUJAO, Signed-in-Blood Battalion 1990 - 2008 Government of Niger 2004 - 2012 AQIM 1994 - 1995 CRA 1995 - 1997 FDR 1991 - 1993 FLAA 2007 - 2008 MNJ 1996 - 1997 UFRA 1989 - 2008 Civilians 1997 - 1997 Fulani, Touareg 2004 - 2004 Government of Algeria 1989 - 1989 Government of Libya 2012 - 2012 Government of Mauritania

126 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.52 Nigeria (1990-2014)

Table 111: nigeria Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Nigeria Civilians Jukun, Tiv 2003 - 2004 Ahlul Sunnah Jamaa 2003 - 2003 FNDIC Supporters of AD, Supporters of UNPP, Yugur 2003 - 2014 Greenlanders, NDV 2009 - 2014 Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad 2004 - 2009 NDPVF 2011 - 2011 NURTW-Auxiliary, NURTW- Ezilo, Ezza Tokyo 1993 - 1993 Adoni 2001 - 2008 Afisare, Anaguta, Birom 2009 - 2009 Afor 2013 - 2014 Agatu, Atakar, Yan Gora 1999 - 1999 Aguleri, Ijaw, Urhobo, Ninzam, Oleh, Olmoro, Umuleri, Wurukum 2012 - 2014 Alago, Eggon 1992 - 1992 Atyap, Odtikas 2001 - 2001 Azara, Igbo, Yoruba, Kwala 2000 - 2005 Bakassi boys 1998 - 1998 Bini 2001 - 2014 Birom 2002 - 2014 Black Axe, Eyie, Tarok 2007 - 2007 Black Axe, Bush Boys, Deebam, KK, NDV, Outlaws 2010 - 2012 Boje, Nsadop 1991 - 2014 Christians (Nigeria), Muslims (Nigeria) 2005 - 2013 Deebam, Deewell 1992 - 2000 Efik, Ibibio 1999 - 2000 Eleme 2005 - 2005 Forces of Agala, Forces of Edu, Izzi, Ukele 1996 - 2014 Fulani 2001 - 2010 Fulani, Hausa 2006 - 2006 Gamai, Pan 1994 - 2011 Government of Cameroon 2014 - 2014 Gwandere 1992 - 2014 Hausa 1997 - 2000 Ife, Modakeke 1998 - 2006 Igbo 1997 - 2004 Ijaw, Itsekiri 2012 - 2012 Ikpanaya, Ntan Obu-Ukpe 1998 - 2004 Ilaje 2000 - 2002 Isenasawo, Isongo-furo 1996 - 1996 Karimjo 2002 - 2002 Mambila 1994 - 1994 Ndoki 1992 - 1994 Ogoni 1993 - 2000 Okrika 2011 - 2012 Sayawa 2008 - 2013 Supporters of ACN 1998 - 2011 Supporters of ANPP 1998 - 2013 Supporters of PDP 1997 - 2003 Urhobo 1998 - 2012 Yoruba

127 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.53 Pakistan (1989-2014)

Table 112: Pakistan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2014 Government of Pakistan Civilians Government of India 1990 - 1990 Jatoi Meher 2001 - 2014 al-Qaida Government of United States of America 2007 - 2013 Ansaar ul-Islam 2006 - 2006 Baloch Ittehad 2004 - 2014 BLA 2012 - 2014 BLF 2007 - 2014 BRA, IMU, Lashkar-e-Islam, TTP 2008 - 2008 Fedayeen Islam, Forces of Shah Hizb-i Islami-yi Afghanistan, Sahib Kachai sub-tribe of Bangesh, Mishti 2010 - 2012 Forces of Momin Afridi 2014 - 2014 Jaish-ul-Islam, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, TTP-KM, TTP-SM, UBA 1996 - 2014 LeJ 1995 - 2014 Taleban Government of Afghanistan 2012 - 2013 Tawheed ul-Islam Lashkar of Akakhel tribe 2012 - 2012 TTP-Islahi 2010 - 2010 TTP - MR, TTP - MT 2010 - 2013 TTP - TA 2008 - 2010 Bangesh 2003 - 2003 ETIM, Government of China 2008 - 2009 Forces of Turkestan Bhittani, Lashkar of Salarzai tribe 1993 - 2008 Government of Iran 2005 - 2012 Jondullah 2000 - 2000 Kashmir insurgents 1992 - 1992 Khadadkhel, Oatizai 2011 - 2011 Lashkar of Kukikhel clan, Laskhar of Masozai Qaumi tribe 2009 - 2013 Lashkar of Mohmand tribe 2009 - 2014 Lashkar of Orakzai tribe 2011 - 2014 Lashkar of Zakakhel tribe 2007 - 2007 Lashkhar of Wazir tribe 2007 - 2010 Mangal, Turi 1993 - 1993 MEK 1989 - 1992 Mohajir, Sindhi 1991 - 1998 MQM-H 1990 - 1998 MQM 1989 - 1990 Pashtun 1990 - 2013 Supporters of MQM, Supporters of PPP 1992 - 1993 Supporters of Yousaf Ali Khan Magsi, Supporters of Zulfikar Ali Khan Magsi

4.54 Papua New Guinea (1989-2012)

Table 113: Papua New Guinea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2001 Government of Papua New Civilians Guinea 1989 - 1997 BRA 1999 - 2000 Akibu, Tonakau 2012 - 2012 Akul, Kambrip 1993 - 1993 Government of Indonesia 2000 - 2002 Unjamap, Wogia-Tunjup 2001 - 2001 Wagia subclan of Takima, Wayai subclan of Takima

128 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.55 Philippines (1989-2014)

Table 114: Philippines Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 2010 Ampatuan militia 1989 - 2014 Government of Philippines CPP 2007 - 2012 Al-Khobar 1992 - 2014 ASG 2011 - 2014 BIFM 2009 - 2009 Forces of Jing Caludtiag, Forces of Randy Karon 1990 - 2014 MILF 1989 - 1990 Military faction (forces of Honasan, Abenina & Zumel) 2007 - 2009 MNLF - HM 2001 - 2013 MNLF - NM 1989 - 2009 MNLF 1989 - 2013 Civilians 1993 - 2006 Christians (Philippines) , Muslims (Philippines) 1991 - 1991 Government of Iraq, Government of Kuwait 2013 - 2013 Government of Malaysia, Sultanate of Sulu 1998 - 1998 Hadji Faizal Abdulkarim clan, Hadji Masir Ahalul clan 2006 - 2006 Lumad, Moro

4.56 Republic of Congo (1992-2012)

Table 115: Republic of Congo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997 - 1999 Cocoyes 1992 - 2007 Government of Congo 1994 - 1997 Cobras 2008 - 2012 FLEC-FAC Government of Angola 1993 - 1998 Ninjas 1998 - 2007 Ntsiloulous 1992 - 2005 Civilians

4.57 Rwanda (1990-2013)

Table 116: Rwanda Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2012 Government of Rwanda 1994 - 1994 Interahamwe, ex-FAR 1996 - 1999 ALiR 2001 - 2013 FDLR 1990 - 1994 FPR 1990 - 2013 Civilians 2012 - 2013 Government of DR Congo (Zaire), M23

4.58 Saudi Arabia (1991-2007)

Table 117: Saudi Arabia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2003 - 2007 al-Qaida Civilians 1991 - 1991 Government of Iraq, Government of Kuwait

129 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.59 Senegal (1989-2013)

Table 118: Senegal Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2013 Government of Senegal MFDC 2002 - 2002 MFDC - FN 2006 - 2006 MFDC - S, MFDC Front Nord - MD 1989 - 2012 Civilians 1989 - 1989 Government of Mauritania 1989 - 1998 Mauritanian, Senegalese

4.60 Sierra Leone (1991-2002)

Table 119: Sierra Leone Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 2001 Government of Sierra Leone RUF 1997 - 2000 AFRC 1991 - 1993 NPFL 2001 - 2001 RFDG Government of Guinea 2000 - 2000 WSB 1991 - 2002 Civilians 1997 - 1999 Government of Nigeria 1993 - 1998 Kamajors 2002 - 2002 LURD 1992 - 1994 ULIMO - J, ULIMO - K 1991 - 1994 ULIMO

4.61 Solomon Islands (1992-2002)

Table 120: Solomon Islands Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 BRA, Government of Papua New Guinea

130 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.62 Somalia (1989-2014)

Table 121: Somalia Page 1 of Table 121 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2006 - 2006 ARPCT 2001 - 2002 Forces of Abdullahi Yusuf, Forces of Jama Ali Jama SRRC 2001 - 2001 Forces of Ahmed Sheikh Bu- Forces of Abdirizak Bihi Abdulleh-Galmaha subclan of Ab- raleh gal clan (Hawiye), Forces of Yussuf Hajji Nur, Kabaloh subclan of Ab- gal clan (Hawiye) 1996 - 2013 Government of Ethiopia 1989 - 2014 Government of Somalia Civilians 2007 - 2013 Government of United States of al-Qaida America 1999 - 2006 JVA 2002 - 2006 JVA faction 1995 - 1995 USC-PM 1995 - 1997 USC/SNA - OA 1991 - 2000 USC/SNA 2001 - 2003 USC/SSA - OMF 1990 - 2003 USC/SSA 1992 - 1999 AIAI, SNF 2008 - 2014 Al-Shabaab 2006 - 2009 ARS/UIC 1999 - 1999 DSA, SNF - MSAB Abdalle-Aroneh subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye), Eli-Omar subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye), Forces of Hussein Ali Ahmed, Ogaden clan (Darod), Sheikhal clan (Dir) 2009 - 2010 Hizbul Islam 2010 - 2012 Mujahideen in the Golis Mountains 2001 - 2005 RRA - MH 1995 - 2005 RRA 1992 - 1992 SNM - ’Calan cas’ 1989 - 1991 SNM 1989 - 2000 SPM 1992 - 1994 SPM/SNA 1992 - 1993 SSDF 1996 - 1996 Abdalle subclan of Habar Awal clan (Isaaq), Aidagalla subclan of Habar Garhadjis clan (Isaaq) 2000 - 2000 Abdalleh-Agon-Yar subclan of Ab- gal clan (Hawiye), Eli-Agon-Yar subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) 1990 - 2008 Abgal clan (Hawiye) 2001 - 2004 Abtisame subclan of Galje’el clan (Hawiye), Afi subclan of Galje’el clan (Hawiye) 1999 - 2002 Agon-Yar subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) 2008 - 2010 Ahlu Sunna Waljamaca 2002 - 2002 Ali-Gaf subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye), Mahadade subclan of Ab- gal clan (Hawiye) 1997 - 2001 Ayr subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) 2004 - 2004 Da’ud subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye), Dabare subclan of Digil clan (Digil-Mirifle), Hawarsame Rer Hasan and Habar Ya’qub subclan of Marehan clan (Darod), Luway sub- clan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) , Rer Ahmad subclan (Hawiye) 2002 - 2008 Dir clan 1998 - 2012 Duduble subclan of Gorgorte clan (Hawiye), Suleiman subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) 2003 - 2003 Fiqi Muhumud subclan (Dir), Mo- hamed Muse subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye), Saleban-Abdalla subclan of Majerteen clan (Darod) 1994 - 1996 Forces of Abdurahman Ahmed Ali ’Tur’ 1997 - 2004 Forces of General Morgan 1997 - 2000 Forces of Omar Jess 2008 - 2008 Gaadsan subclan of Biimaal clan (Dir), Ma’alin Weyne subclan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) 1990 - 1990 Galgalo Continued on next page

131 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 121 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2005 Galje’el clan (Hawiye), Garre sub- clan of Digil clan (Digil-Mirifle) 1993 - 2001 Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) 2005 - 2005 Huber subclan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle), Jejele subclan of Jibedi clan (Hawiye), Yantar sub- clan of Mirifle clan (Digil-Mirifle) 2000 - 2002 Jiddo subclan of Digil clan (Digil- Mirifle) 2012 - 2012 Khatumo administration 1993 - 2005 Marehan subclan of Sede clan (Darod) 1999 - 2010 ONLF 2002 - 2012 Puntland state of 2010 - 2010 Qubeys subclan (Dir) 1992 - 2012 Republic of Somaliland 1997 - 2011 Sa’ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) 2011 - 2012 SVA 1999 - 2004 Warsangeli subclan of Abgal clan (Hawiye) 1993 - 2008 Xawaadle clan (Hawiye)

4.63 South Africa (1989-2010)

Table 122: South Africa Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2010 Government of South Africa Civilians 1990 - 1994 AWB ANC, PAC 1993 - 1993 ANC - ’Greens’, ANC - ’Reds’, Mangweni clan, Mgodini clan 1994 - 1998 CATA , Codeta 1989 - 1994 IFP 1991 - 1992 Lagunya 1989 - 1996 NUM, Uwusa 1989 - 2004 Supporters of ANC, Supporters of IFP 1990 - 1991 Supporters of AZAPO 1989 - 1993 Supporters of UDF 1997 - 1999 Supporters of UDM

4.64 South Sudan (2011-2014)

Table 123: South Sudan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011 - 2014 Government of South Sudan Dinka, Nuer 2013 - 2014 SPLM/A In Opposition 2011 - 2013 SSDM/A - Cobra Faction Lou Nuer, LRA, Murle 2011 - 2012 SSDM/A, SSLM/A Bor Dinka 2012 - 2014 Civilians Gok Dinka, Government of Sudan 2014 - 2014 Agar Dinka, SRF 2013 - 2013 Amothnhon Dinka, Anuak, Panyon Dinka 2012 - 2012 Balanda, Bul Nuer, Luac Jang Dinka, Rek Dinka 2011 - 2011 Gony Dinka, Government of Uganda, Thiyic Dinka

132 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.65 Sri Lanka (1989-2013)

Table 124: Sri Lanka Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2013 Government of Sri Lanka Civilians 1989 - 1990 EPRLF, JVP, PLOTE 2004 - 2009 LTTE - K 1989 - 2009 LTTE 1989 - 2005 Muslims (Sri Lanka), Tamil 1994 - 1999 Supporters of PA, Supporters of UNP

4.66 Sudan (1989-2014)

Table 125: Sudan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Sudan Civilians 2005 - 2005 Janjaweed - Bin Kulaib faction, Hotiya Baggara, Newiba, Ma- Janjaweed - Moro faction hariba, Mahamid 2001 - 2010 Janjaweed 2014 - 2014 Darfur Joint Resistance Forces SARC 2003 - 2011 JEM, SLM/A 1996 - 2002 NDA 2006 - 2006 NRF Agar Dinka, Government of Ethiopia 1989 - 1989 Revolutionary Forces of 1 April Beni Halba Baggara, Salamat Bag- gara, Fur, Islamic Legion 2007 - 2013 SLM/A-Unity 2005 - 2011 SLM/A - MM 2011 - 2011 SPLM/A-North, SSLM/A Gony Dinka, Jur Beli, Republic of South, Thiyic Dinka 1993 - 1993 SPLM/A - AH 1992 - 1993 SPLM/A - WN 1989 - 2004 SPLM/A 2011 - 2014 SRF 1991 - 2002 SSDF 2010 - 2011 SSDM/A Atuot Dinka 1998 - 2000 SSUM/A 1997 - 1997 UNRF II 1995 - 1997 WNBF 2009 - 2009 Aliap Dinka, Awan Dinka, Bari, Luac Jang Dinka 1993 - 2014 Awlad al-Zuid clan, Awlad Omran clan 2013 - 2013 Awlad Heiban (Misseriya), Awlad Metanin (Misseriya), Awlad Serur (Misseriya), Beni Halba Baggara, Gimir 2001 - 2001 Awlad Zeid 2013 - 2014 Beni Hussein, Hamar, Salamat Bag- gara 2007 - 2010 Bor Dinka, Mundari 2010 - 2010 Ciek Dinka, PFNR, Rek Dinka 2007 - 2007 Didinga, Terjam 1997 - 2011 Dinka, Nuer 2007 - 2014 Falata 2006 - 2010 Gok Dinka 1989 - 2010 Government of Chad 2012 - 2013 Government of South Sudan 1995 - 2011 Government of Uganda, LRA 2006 - 2014 Habaniya 2008 - 2009 Hol Dinka 1993 - 2009 Jikany Nuer 1993 - 2011 Lou Nuer 2002 - 2014 Ma’aliyah, Rizeigat Baggara 1998 - 1999 Masalit 2004 - 2014 Misseriya 1990 - 1990 MPS, Pari 2006 - 2011 Murle 2000 - 2014 Ngok Dinka 2002 - 2002 PDF 1996 - 2014 Rizeigat Abbala 2000 - 2009 Shiluk 1990 - 2011 Toposa 1992 - 2011 Turkana 1996 - 2008 Zaghawa

133 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.67 Swaziland (1989-1989)

Table 126: Swaziland Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 1989 Civilians Government of South Africa

4.68 Syria (2004-2014)

Table 127: Syria Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2014 - 2014 al-Qaida, Islamic Battalions, Jab- Government of Iraq, Government of hat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Islamic United States of America, PYD Front, Jabhat al-Akrad, Jabhat al- Nusra li al-Sham, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), Islamic Front, Jabhat Al-Kurd brigade, Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014) , Islamic Front, Jabhat al- Nusra li al-Sham, Islamic Front, Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Mu- jahideen Army (Syria 2014), Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), PYD, SRF 2014, Islamic Front, Mujahideen Army (Syria 2014), SRF 2014, Jabhat al-Nusra li al-Sham, Mu- jahideen Army (Syria 2014), SRF 2014 2013 - 2014 IS, Islamic Front Civilians 2004 - 2008 Government of Israel 2004 - 2004 Hamas 2008 - 2014 Hezbollah

4.69 Tajikistan (1992-2013)

Table 128: Tajikistan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 2013 Government of Tajikistan 1992 - 1992 PFT 1997 - 1999 Forces of Khudoberdiyev 2000 - 2010 Forces of Mullo Abdullo 1999 - 2013 IMU 1992 - 1998 UTO 1992 - 1996 Civilians 1999 - 2006 Government of Uzbekistan

4.70 Tanzania (1992-2007)

Table 129: Tanzania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 2001 Government of Tanzania 1996 - 1997 CNDD Palipehutu-FNL 1992 - 2007 Civilians 2007 - 2007 FDLR

134 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.71 Thailand (1989-2014)

Table 130: Thailand Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 2014 Government of Thailand 1995 - 1996 DKBA 1992 - 2014 Patani insurgents 1989 - 2014 Civilians 1997 - 1997 FUNCINPEC 2001 - 2001 God’s Army 1989 - 2011 Government of Cambodia (Kam- puchea) 1989 - 2010 Government of Myanmar (Burma) 2005 - 2007 KNPP 1989 - 1998 KR 1991 - 1991 MTA, UWSA 1994 - 1994 NMSP 2001 - 2002 RCSS

4.72 Togo (1991-2005)

Table 131: Togo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 2005 Government of Togo Civilians 1991 - 1991 Moba, Tchokossi

4.73 Turkey (1989-2014)

Table 132: Turkey Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2014 Government of Turkey PKK 1990 - 1995 Devrimci Sol 1997 - 1997 KDP 1994 - 1994 KDPI 2005 - 2005 MKP 1989 - 2008 Civilians 1994 - 1996 Government of Iran 1991 - 1991 Government of Iraq 1996 - 1996 MEK

135 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.74 Uganda (1989-2014)

Table 133: Uganda Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2003 - 2005 Arrow Boys 1989 - 2014 Government of Uganda Civilians 1996 - 2007 ADF 2010 - 2010 Al-Shabaab 1999 - 1999 ALiR 1989 - 2007 LRA 1989 - 1994 UPA 1995 - 1998 WNBF 2003 - 2003 Alur, Lendu 1992 - 2008 Bokora Karimojong, Matheniko Ka- rimojong 2006 - 2006 CNDP, FDLR 2000 - 2009 Dodoth, Jie, Turkana 1997 - 2008 Government of DR Congo (Zaire) 1989 - 1991 Government of Sudan 2001 - 2001 Iteso 2000 - 2003 Jie, Matheniko Karimojong 2000 - 2000 Jie, Matheniko Karimojong, Turkana , Matheniko Karimojong, Turkana, Toposa, Turkana 1998 - 2003 Karimojong 1998 - 2008 Pian Karimojong, Pokot 2003 - 2006 Sabiny 1989 - 2003 SPLM/A 1996 - 1998 UNRF II

4.75 United Arab Emirates (2010-2010)

Table 134: United Arab Emirates Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2010 Government of Israel, Hamas

4.76 United Kingdom (2005-2005)

Table 135: United Kingdom Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005 - 2005 al-Qaida Civilians

4.77 United States of America (2001-2009)

Table 136: United States of America Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 al-Qaida 2009 - 2009 TTP 2001 - 2009 Civilians

4.78 Uzbekistan (1999-2009)

Table 137: Uzbekistan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1999 - 2009 Government of Uzbekistan 1999 - 2000 IMU 2004 - 2009 JIG

136 Actor Dictionaries xSub 4.79 Yemen (1994-2014)

Table 138: Yemen Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 2014 Government of Yemen (North Yemen) 2010 - 2014 Ansarallah 2009 - 2014 AQAP 1994 - 1994 Democratic Republic of Yemen 2011 - 2011 Civilians 2003 - 2004 Al-Maraziq, Al-Saida

4.80 Zambia (1989-2001)

Table 139: Zambia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1989 - 2001 Civilians 2001 - 2001 Government of Angola 1993 - 1993 Government of DR Congo (Zaire) 1989 - 1990 Renamo 2000 - 2000 UNITA

4.81 Zimbabwe (1989-2012)

Table 140: Zimbabwe Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 2012 Government of Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) 1989 - 2012 Civilians 1989 - 1990 Renamo

137 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5 Political Instability Task Force Dataset (PITF)

The Political Instability Task Force (PITF) Worldwide Atrocities Dataset is a “global dataset that describes, in quantitative terms, the deliberate killing of non-combatant civilians in the context of a wider political conflict.” The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency.3

3The information is taken from: http://eventdata.parusanalytics.com/data.dir/atrocities.html.

138 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.1 Afghanistan (1995-2016)

Table 141: Afghanistan Government Rebel Civilian Other Multiple Perpetrators (State), Non- Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State), Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Internal, State Sanction, Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- State Perpetrator tion

5.2 Albania (1995-2016)

Table 142: Albania Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.3 Algeria (1995-2016)

Table 143: Algeria Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.4 Angola (1995-2016)

Table 144: Angola Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Sanc- Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State); tion; State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.5 Armenia (1995-2016)

Table 145: Armenia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.6 Bahrain (1995-2016)

Table 146: Bahrain Government Rebel Civilian Other States Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

139 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.7 Bangladesh (1995-2016)

Table 147: Bangladesh Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Internal, No State Sanction; Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State)

5.8 Barbados (1995-2016)

Table 148: Barbados Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.9 Belarus (1995-2016)

Table 149: Belarus Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.10 Belize (1995-2016)

Table 150: Belize Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.11 Belgium (1995-2016)

Table 151: Belgium Government Rebel Civilian Other Transnational, Non-State

5.12 Bolivia (1995-2016)

Table 152: Bolivia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

140 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.13 Bosnia & Herzegovina (1995-2016)

Table 153: Bosnia & Herzegovina Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.14 Brazil (1995-2016)

Table 154: Brazil Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.15 Bulgaria (1995-2016)

Table 155: Bulgaria Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.16 Burkina Faso (1995-2016)

Table 156: Burkina Faso Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State; Non- State, Internal, No State Sanction

5.17 Burundi (1995-2016)

Table 157: Burundi Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Sanc- Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; State Perpetrator State, Internal, No State Sanction or Transnational; Non-State, Inter- nal, No State Sanction; Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State)

5.18 Cambodia (1995-2016)

Table 158: Cambodia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction tion

141 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.19 Cameroon (1995-2016)

Table 159: Cameroon Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Multiple Perpe- Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other trators (State) State, Internal, No State Sanction

5.20 Central African Republic (1995-2016)

Table 160: Central African Republic Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Multiple Perpe- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other trators (State) tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.21 Chad (1995-2016)

Table 161: Chad Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.22 China (1995-2016)

Table 162: China Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.23 Colombia (1995-2016)

Table 163: Colombia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.24 Comoros (1995-2016)

Table 164: Comoros Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

142 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.25 Croatia (1995-2016)

Table 165: Croatia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.26 Cuba (1995-2016)

Table 166: Cuba Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.27 Democratic Republic of Congo (1995-2016)

Table 167: Democratic Republic of Congo Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion; Non-State, Internal, State Sanction; Non-State, External, No State Sanction; Multiple Perpetra- tors (Non-State)

5.28 Dominican Republic (1995-2016)

Table 168: Dominican Republic Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Internal, No State Sanction

5.29 Ecuador (1995-2016)

Table 169: Ecuador Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.30 Egypt (1995-2016)

Table 170: Egypt Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Transnational, Non-State; Non- Unknown/Unclear/Other State, Internal, No State Sanction

143 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.31 El Salvador (1995-2016)

Table 171: El Salvador Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.32 Eritrea (1995-2016)

Table 172: Eritrea Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.33 Ethiopia (1995-2016)

Table 173: Ethiopia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.34 Finland (1995-2016)

Table 174: Finland Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.35 France (1995-2016)

Table 175: France Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Transnational, Non-State

5.36 Gabon (1995-2016)

Table 176: Gabon Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

144 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.37 Gambia (1995-2016)

Table 177: Gambia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.38 Georgia (1995-2016)

Table 178: Georgia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.39 Germany (1995-2016)

Table 179: Germany Government Rebel Civilian Other Transnational, Non-State Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.40 Ghana (1995-2016)

Table 180: Ghana Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.41 Greece (1995-2016)

Table 181: Greece Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.42 Guatemala (1995-2016)

Table 182: Guatemala Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

145 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.43 Guinea (1995-2016)

Table 183: Guinea Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.44 Guinea-Bissau (1995-2016)

Table 184: Guinea-Bissau Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.45 Guyana (1995-2016)

Table 185: Guyana Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.46 Haiti (1995-2016)

Table 186: Haiti Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.47 Honduras (1995-2016)

Table 187: Honduras Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.48 India (1995-2016)

Table 188: India Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction; Transna- tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- tional, State State)

146 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.49 Indonesia (1995-2016)

Table 189: Indonesia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.50 Iran (1995-2016)

Table 190: Iran Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.51 Iraq (1995-2016)

Table 191: Iraq Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other; Oth- ternal, State Sanction tion; Transnational, Non-State; er/Unclear/Other; No Informa- Non-State, Internal, State Sanc- tion/Unclear/Other tion;Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.52 Israel (1995-2016)

Table 192: Israel Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.53 Italy (1995-2016)

Table 193: Italy Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.54 Jamaica (1995-2016)

Table 194: Jamaica Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

147 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.55 Japan (1995-2016)

Table 195: Japan Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.56 Jordan (1995-2016)

Table 196: Jordan Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.57 Kazakhstan (1995-2016)

Table 197: Kazakhstan Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.58 Kenya (1995-2016)

Table 198: Kenya Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Transnational, Non-State

5.59 Kuwait (1995-2016)

Table 199: Kuwait Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.60 Kyrgyzstan (1995-2016)

Table 200: Kyrgyzstan Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

148 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.61 Laos (1995-2016)

Table 201: Laos Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.62 Latvia (1995-2016)

Table 202: Latvia Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.63 Lebanon (1995-2016)

Table 203: Lebanon Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.64 Lesotho (1995-2016)

Table 204: Lesotho Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.65 Liberia (1995-2016)

Table 205: Liberia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

5.66 Libya (1995-2016)

Table 206: Libya Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

149 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.67 Lithuania (1995-2016)

Table 207: Lithuania Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.68 Macedonia (1995-2016)

Table 208: Macedonia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.69 Madagascar (1995-2016)

Table 209: Madagascar Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.70 Mali (1995-2016)

Table 210: Mali Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.71 Malawi (1995-2016)

Table 211: Malawi Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.72 Malaysia (1995-2016)

Table 212: Malaysia Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

150 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.73 Mauritania (1995-2016)

Table 213: Mauritania Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.74 Mexico (1995-2016)

Table 214: Mexico Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.75 Moldova (1995-2016)

Table 215: Moldova Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.76 Morocco (1995-2016)

Table 216: Morocco Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.77 Mozambique (1995-2016)

Table 217: Mozambique Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.78 Myanmar (1995-2016)

Table 218: Myanmar Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

151 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.79 Namibia (1995-2016)

Table 219: Namibia Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.80 Nepal (1995-2016)

Table 220: Nepal Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.81 Netherlands (1995-2016)

Table 221: Netherlands Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.82 Nicaragua (1995-2016)

Table 222: Nicaragua Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.83 Niger (1995-2016)

Table 223: Niger Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Transnational, Non-State

5.84 Nigeria (1995-2016)

Table 224: Nigeria Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction; Transna- tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- tional, State State)

152 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.85 Norway (1995-2016)

Table 225: Norway Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.86 Oman (1995-2016)

Table 226: Oman Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.87 Pakistan (1995-2016)

Table 227: Pakistan Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction; Transna- tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- tional, State State); Transnational, Non-State

5.88 Palestinian Territory (1995-2016)

Table 228: Palestinian Territory Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Multiple Perpetrators (State and tion Non-State)

5.89 Papua New Guinea (1995-2016)

Table 229: Papua New Guinea Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.90 Paraguay (1995-2016)

Table 230: Paraguay Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

153 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.91 Peru (1995-2016)

Table 231: Peru Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.92 Philippines (1995-2016)

Table 232: Philippines Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State); Non-State, Internal, State Sanction

5.93 Poland (1995-2016)

Table 233: Poland Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.94 Portugal (1995-2016)

Table 234: Portugal Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.95 Puerto Rico (1995-2016)

Table 235: Puerto Rico Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.96 Republic of Congo (1995-2016)

Table 236: Republic of Congo Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

154 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.97 Republic of Korea (1995-2016)

Table 237: Republic of Korea Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.98 Russia (1995-2016)

Table 238: Russia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.99 Rwanda (1995-2016)

Table 239: Rwanda Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.100 Saudi Arabia (1995-2016)

Table 240: Saudi Arabia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Transnational, Non-State

5.101 Senegal (1995-2016)

Table 241: Senegal Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.102 Serbia (1995-2016)

Table 242: Serbia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

155 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.103 Sierra Leone (1995-2016)

Table 243: Sierra Leone Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Non-State, Internal, State Sanction

5.104 Slovakia (1995-2016)

Table 244: Slovakia Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.105 Solomon Islands (1995-2016)

Table 245: Solomon Islands Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.106 Somalia (1995-2016)

Table 246: Somalia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Transnational, Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other State; Non-State, Internal, State tion; Transnational, Non-State; Sanction; Multiple Perpetrators Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State) (State)

5.107 South Africa (1995-2016)

Table 247: South Africa Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.108 South Sudan (1995-2016)

Table 248: South Sudan Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- State)

156 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.109 Spain (1995-2016)

Table 249: Spain Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.110 Sri Lanka (1995-2016)

Table 250: Sri Lanka Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction tion

5.111 Sudan (1995-2016)

Table 251: Sudan Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction; Multiple tion; Multiple Perpetrators (Non- Perpetrators (State) State);

5.112 Swaziland (1995-2016)

Table 252: Swaziland Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.113 Syria (1995-2016)

Table 253: Syria Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.114 Tajikistan (1995-2016)

Table 254: Tajikistan Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

157 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.115 Tanzania (1995-2016)

Table 255: Tanzania Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other ternal, State Sanction tion

5.116 Thailand (1995-2016)

Table 256: Thailand Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.117 Timor-Leste (1995-2016)

Table 257: Timor-Leste Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.118 Togo (1995-2016)

Table 258: Togo Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator

5.119 Trinidad & Tobago (1995-2016)

Table 259: Trinidad & Tobago Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.120 Tunisia (1995-2016)

Table 260: Tunisia Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

158 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.121 Turkey (1995-2016)

Table 261: Turkey Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Non-State, In- Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other; Oth- ternal, State Sanction tion; Transnational, Non-State er/Unclear/Other

5.122 Turkmenistan (1995-2016)

Table 262: Turkmenistan Government Rebel Civilian Other Unknown/Unclear/Other

5.123 Uganda (1995-2016)

Table 263: Uganda Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.124 Ukraine (1995-2016)

Table 264: Ukraine Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.125 United Kingdom (1995-2016)

Table 265: United Kingdom Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.126 Uzbekistan (1995-2016)

Table 266: Uzbekistan Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

159 Actor Dictionaries xSub 5.127 Venezuela (1995-2016)

Table 267: Venezuela Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other tion

5.128 Viet Nam (1995-2016)

Table 268: Viet Nam Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.129 Yemen (1995-2016)

Table 269: Yemen Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator; Transnational, Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- Unknown/Unclear/Other State tion; Transnational, Non-State; Multiple Perpetrators (Non-State)

5.130 Zambia (1995-2016)

Table 270: Zambia Government Rebel Civilian Other Non-State, Internal, State Sanction Non-State, Internal, No State Sanc- tion

5.131 Zimbabwe (1995-2016)

Table 271: Zimbabwe Government Rebel Civilian Other State Perpetrator Unknown/Unclear/Other

160 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6 Social Conflict Analysis Dataset (SCAD) Africa

The Social Conflict Analysis Database (SCAD) includes protests, riots, strikes, inter-communal conflict, government violence against civilians, and other forms of social conflict not sys- tematically tracked in other conflict datasets. SCAD currently includes information social conflicts from 1990-2015, covering all of Africa (Salehyan et al., 2012).

161 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.1 Algeria (1990-2015)

Table 272: Algeria Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2014 Algerian Army 2015 - 2015 Algerian army, Islamist party Abou El-Hacen, AQIM, Katibat Chaamba Arabs, Charlie Hebdo Movement of Society for Peace Ennour Islamic militants newspaper, Mozabite Berbers, Sonatrach state energy company 2014 - 2014 Algerian Forces , Algerian Abdelmalek Gouri, Anti- Albert Ebosse, Herve Chaamba Youths, College Students, Police, Djamel Benabdeslam, Government protesters, Barakat Pierre Gourdel Journalist’s Wife, Mozabite Com- Mayor Benyoucef Chelghoum, Protesters, Berber Protesters, munity, Unknown Assailant President Bouteflika, Prime Female Terrorist, Islamist Mili- Minister, Pro-government Sup- tants, Jund al-Khalifa, Salafists, porters Unknown Terrorists 2013 - 2013 Algerian government, Algerian Algerian women dressed in white, Arab tribesmen, Berber Mozabite troops, Government forces, Armed Islamist group, Armed Is- minority, Chaambas, Defense of Mayor’s office, Security forces lamists, Demonstrators, Extremist traditional dress, Gas pipeline, fighters, High-level Al-Qaeda oper- Mozabites, Other fans, Policemen, atives, Militants, Protesters, Signa- Supply truck, Tuareg tribesmen, tories for Blood Unemployedns, Unknown attackers, Young Chaambas, Young people 2009 - 2011 ArcelorMittal 2010 - 2010 ArcelorMittel Christians, Israel, National Indus- trial Vehicles Company, Protestant Christians 2001 - 2001 Berber officials, Mayor 2012 - 2012 Border Guards, Central Gov- FNSC Workers’ Federation, Un- ernment, Green Alliance, Na- known, Youth Activists tional Liberation Front 2011 - 2011 Community police, Ex-army Houmat Ed-Daawa Es-Salafia, Is- Italian woman Construction company, Doctors, conscripts, National Union of lamic militants, National Coordi- Education unions, Hotels, Huawei Bar Associations of, National nation for Change and Democracy, Telecommunications, Mauritanian Union of Public Health Work- Opposition political party bandits, May 6 Movement, Railway ers union, Specialist doctors, Telecom- munications workers, Tourists, Un- employed people, Villagers 1990 - 2014 Government 1995 - 2003 Guards Prisoners 1991 - 1991 Islamic Salvation Front Armed Islamic Group (GIA) Anti-Iraqi Alliance, Iraqi govern- ment, Muslim man 1993 - 1997 Islamic Salvation Front leader 2006 - 2006 Islamist party MSP Terrorism victims Dutch government 2001 - 2002 Local government 1992 - 2012 Military 2004 - 2004 National Liberation Front law- Bouteflika opponents makers 1992 - 2013 Police 1992 - 2004 President 2002 - 2002 Prison guards, Workers’ Party Hospital workers 1997 - 2011 Rally for Culture and Democ- racy 2012 - 2014 Security Forces 1990 - 1997 Socialist Forces Front 2013 - 2015 Soldiers 1992 - 2001 Front for Socialist Forces 1994 - 2007 Fundamentalists 1993 - 1993 Islamic fundamentalists, Terrorists 1990 - 1990 Men with submachine-guns Bar patrons 1992 - 1992 Muslim militants Defense attorneys, Muslim student, University students 1999 - 1999 Opposition supporters Relatives of terrorism victims 2014 - 2015 protesters 2008 - 2008 Student militants University lecturers and students 1990 - 2012 Citizens 2011 - 2014 Civilians 1994 - 2009 Berbers 2009 - 2009 Chinese traders, Egypt Air, Is- raeli government, Rwandan football fans, Steelworkers 2004 - 2011 Chinese workers 1995 - 1995 Dock workers, Oil companies, Oil workers, Women’s liberation group 1996 - 1996 Factory workers, University lectur- ers 1998 - 1998 Industrial workers 2010 - 2015 Islamists 1990 - 2009 Muslims 1994 - 2003 Newspaper workers 2003 - 2003 Railway workers, United States 1992 - 2011 Steel workers, Students 1998 - 2003 Teachers 1994 - 2001 Women 1994 - 2011 Youths

162 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.2 Angola (1975-2015)

Table 273: Angola Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 Angolan Government, People’s Guinea-Bissau Police Citizens Movement for the Liberation of Party, Prison Guards, Opposi- tion Parties 1990 - 1990 Central government Armed guerrillas Chevron Corp., Shipyard workers 1975 - 2015 Government 1998 - 1998 Government envoy, Local gov- Armed men Aid convoy, Branch Energy, Dia- ernment mondWorks, Gang of former sol- diers 2004 - 2004 Government forces, Local ad- Katangan Tigers, Mpalabanda Local residents Market traders ministration, MPLA (ruling party), UNITA party, Opposi- tion leader, Opposition party 2001 - 2001 Government organized civil- Opposition activists Shanty town residents University teachers ians, Government riot police 1996 - 1996 Government soldiers UNITA soldiers 2011 - 2011 MPLA Anti-government activists, Demon- Youths strators, Opposition, Young Revo- lutionaries Movement 2013 - 2013 MPLA supporters (2013 - Angolan Revolutionary Movement Youth movement 2013), Unita activist 1992 - 2015 Police 2010 - 2010 Popular Movement for the Lib- Cabinda separatists, Protesters, Togo soccer team eration of Rebels 2003 - 2003 Presidential guards Civilian 2007 - 2007 Prison guards Women 1999 - 1999 Pro-government militia Teaching staff 1994 - 2010 Soldiers 1998 - 2002 Armed gang 2002 - 2002 Armed groups Congolese civilians University professors, University students 1996 - 2003 Bandits 1992 - 1992 Cabinda rebels, UNITA supporters Football fans, Foreigners 1997 - 1997 Criminal elements Catholic missionaries, DeBeers em- ployees, Unknown raiders, Villagers 1991 - 2007 FLEC-FAC 1996 - 1998 Gunmen 2015 - 2015 protesters Religious sect, Youth activists 1975 - 2010 UNITA 1993 - 2006 Civilians 2007 - 2012 Prisoners 1993 - 1993 Aid ship, Demobilized soldiers, Zairian immigrants 1991 - 1992 Cabinda Gulf Oil Company 2009 - 2009 Catholics (2009 - 2009), Pope Bene- dict XVI 2000 - 2000 Confederation of Unions 1997 - 1998 Former rebels, UN observers 2014 - 2014 Greek-owned Oil Tanker, Pirates 2006 - 2006 Labor unions 1991 - 2000 Oil workers 1995 - 1995 SINPROF 1995 - 2001 Teachers 2005 - 2005 Truck driver 1997 - 2004 Unknown attackers

163 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.3 Benin (1990-2015)

Table 274: Benin Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 Benin army Bandits Air Afrique officials, Air Afrique workers, customs agents, Nigerian bandits, railroad workers, unknown 2002 - 2006 Benin Renaissance Party 1990 - 2006 central government 1991 - 2006 civil servants 1996 - 1996 constitutional court Rebels citizens 1999 - 1999 Election commission criminals, Gunmen, Niger govern- ment, Niger students, university professors, vigilante volunteers 1994 - 2014 Government 1990 - 2002 government workers 2004 - 2005 magistrates 2003 - 2004 police 2001 - 2002 polling stations 2007 - 2007 President Boni Yayi 1991 - 1991 Presidential Guard Kerekou supporters, opposition groups 2014 - 2014 Pro-Government protesters protesters 2002 - 2002 Soglo supporters health, education and finance work- ers 1995 - 1995 armed group for the liberation of Jean-Claude Soglo 2006 - 2006 Beninese gang members, civil rights illegal gasoline vendors, Nicolas groups Sarkozy, Nigerian gang members 2000 - 2000 demonstrators prisoners oil workers, Robert Guei 2011 - 2011 Election protesters Chemical tanker, Customs union, Cypriot tanker, Italian tanker, MP Sea King, Swedish tanker 2001 - 2009 Civilians 2012 - 2012 American Citizen, Unknown Kid- nappers 2003 - 2003 anti-Iraq war protesters, journal- ists, United States 2008 - 2008 Bank robbers, Ecobank 1997 - 1997 Beke FC football fans, Varietes FC fans 1998 - 1998 nurses and mid-wives 2005 - 2005 Office of Radio and Television of, television and radio workers 2009 - 2011 Pirates 1990 - 1990 pro-democracy supporters 2004 - 2004 public sector workers, truck drivers 1994 - 2006 students 1997 - 2004 teachers 1994 - 2001 university officials 1994 - 2007 Unknown

164 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.4 Botswana (1991-2011)

Table 275: Botswana Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2006 - 2006 Botswana National Front Supporters of union president Japhta Radibe 2002 - 2002 Botswanan Unified Local Gov- ernment Services Authority, Central Government 2004 - 2004 Debswana (DeBeers and Govt Botswana Mine Worker’s Union partnership) 1991 - 2011 Government 1991 - 1991 Public sector manual workers DeBeers Company, Diamond Min- ers, University students 2005 - 2005 First People of the Kalahari 1999 - 1999 Auto Workers, Hyundai, University Faculty, Vice Chancellor Sharon Siverts 2007 - 2007 Botswana Civil Society on Zim- babwe, South African Development Community 2011 - 2011 Botswana Federation of Public Sec- tor Unions 2003 - 2003 Botswanan Muslims, United States 1995 - 1995 Murderer of Segametsi Mogomotsi, Villagers 2012 - 2012 National Football Association, Na- tional Football Team 2008 - 2008 Zimbabwe government, Zimbab- wean immigrants

165 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.5 Burkina Faso (1991-2015)

Table 276: Burkina Faso Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 Army, Interim president, Police Coup supporters, Presidential Secu- Armoured van, Christians, Is- barracks rity Regiment lamic militants, Jihadists, Pan African Minerals mining company, Romanian security officer, Truck drivers, Unions, Unknown attack- ers, Women 1991 - 1991 Coordination of Democratic Demonstrators Clement Oumarou Masked assailants, Supermarkets Forces (CFD) Ouedraogo 2005 - 2005 Gendarmerie Film festival attendees 1995 - 1995 Gendarmes Schoolchildren 1991 - 2015 Government 1999 - 1999 Junior officers and soldiers Collectif (consortium of human Airline employees, electrical em- rights, political parties, and la- ployees, health care employees, bor), Opposition leaders and mostly Electrical workers, General Con- young people federation of Burkinabe Workers (CGT-B), Seven labor umbrella or- ganizations, University and high school students 2000 - 2000 Naaba Tigre chief Coalition Against Impunity 58 year-old retired General Confederation of Burkina teacher Mamadou Workers (CGT-B), Naaba Tigre Kere, African refugees tribespersons, National Association of Burkinabe Students (ANEB), National Union of Faso Students (UNEF), UN agency headquarters 2004 - 2010 Police 2001 - 2014 President Blaise Compaore 2004 - 2004 Prison administration Stallkeepers 2009 - 2009 Prison guards 2006 - 2011 Soldiers 2014 - 2014 Balai Citoyen Protest Group, Op- Adama Sagnon position protesters 2006 - 2006 Burkina Peasant Farmers’ Confed- eration 2002 - 2002 Burkinabe protesters, Ivory Coast Workers government 2007 - 2007 Daogo Thiombano, the chief of Go- Kankanfouani villagers nabin village 2013 - 2013 Followers of opposition leader University officials Zephirin Diabre 2011 - 2011 National Coalition Against the High Cost of Living (CCVC) 1999 - 2008 Protesters 2014 - 2015 protesters 1994 - 1994 Tuareg rebels Civilians 2010 - 2010 Citizens 1996 - 1996 Air traffic controllers 2012 - 2012 Akonga, Farmers, Herders, Liliou, National Trade Unions 2003 - 2003 Anti-war protesters, United States- led coalition 2004 - 2005 Bandits 2001 - 2001 Burkinabe merchants, Burkinabe people, Lebanese merchants, Uni- versity lecturers 1999 - 2006 Burkinabe women 2008 - 2008 Fula shepherds, International com- munity, Lobi farmers, Six unions and some 15 independent organisa- tions, Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA) 1997 - 1997 Health care workers, National Stu- dents Association 1991 - 2008 Ouagadougou University students 2004 - 2009 Prisoners 1999 - 2013 Students 1998 - 2000 University students

166 Actor Dictionaries xSub

167 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.6 Burundi (1975-2015)

Table 277: Burundi Page 1 of Table 277 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2010 Alleged police, Prison guards, Citizens, Ex-rebels, Attackers, Opposition leaders, Op- Ruling party Former rebels position official, Opposition of- ficials, Schoolchildren, Suspected witches, Teachers 2015 - 2015 Army bases, Army chief, Army General Godefroid Niyombare, In- Son of human rights African Union, Bars, Building hous- major, CNDD-FDD ruling surgents, Protest leader, Rebel sol- defender Pierre- ing election material, Crowd, Ex- party activists, House of an diers, Troops supporting coup Claver Mbonimpa army chief, Funeral bus, Gun- official from ruling CNDD- man, Human rights activist, Im- FDD party, House of the vice bonerakure, Imbonerakure ruling president of the ruling CNDD- party militant youth wing, Inde- FDD party in the municipality penent media, Journalists, Men in of Mugongomanga, Loyalist police uniforms, Opposition, Op- troops, Military post, Opposi- position leader, Opposition sup- tion party spokesman, Police porters, Police informers, Soldier, general, Police patrol, Police- Students, Unknown arsonists, Un- man, President’s supporters, known atatckers, Unknown at- President, Presidential advisor tacker, Wife of opposition leader, and a top member of the Women, Youth, Youth gang ruling CNDD-FDD party, Pro- president police and troops, Senior army commander, State radio and tv building, Top general 2014 - 2014 Burundian Security Forces, Charles Nditije, Gaston Sindimwo, Italian Nuns, Movement for Government Soldiers, National Surrendered rebels Solidarity and Development Liberation Forces (FNL), (MSD), Unidentified Armed Group, Troops Unidentified Victims, Unknown Assailants, Uprona Headquarters, Young Men 1993 - 2009 central government civilians 1996 - 1996 civil servants, governor Hutu rebels aid agencies, Armed gang, civil Sylvestre Mvutse, President service mutual insurance company Ntibantunganya management, gunmen, interna- tional community, Red Cross workers, refugees, soldiers, work- ers with the civil service mutual insurance company 2012 - 2012 Courthouse, Government Of- Collective Against the High Cost Armed Bandits, Brarudi Brewery, fice, Military Airport, Security of Living, Demonstrators, FNL- Leonard Hakizimana, Murundi Peo- Forces Ubugabo burihabwa ple’s Front, Unknown Attacker 2007 - 2007 faction of FNL, Front for NLF rebels, Rebels, rival faction of Chinese traders, French aid work- Democracy in, government FNL ers, politicians, primary school workers, NLF rebel dissidents teachers, Unidentified gunmen 2011 - 2011 FLN, Ruling party members Catholic mission, For- Armed bandits, Burundian Union of mer FLN rebels Journalists, Human rights groups, Unknown bombers 1991 - 2015 Government 2003 - 2003 judges and magistrates bicycle taxi drivers, South African troops 1995 - 1995 main opposition party Catholic civilians, displaced people, Mines and Energy Hutu civilians Minister, Tutsi authorities, Tutsi opposition, Tutsi students, women 1993 - 1993 military Tutsi soldiers 1994 - 1996 opposition parties, Unity for Hutu, Tutsi National Progress 2003 - 2007 police 2010 - 2015 Police Soldiers 2013 - 2013 Police officer Zebiya Catholic sect followers Bus, Fellow prisoners, Visitors, Youths 2004 - 2004 prison officials Forceful Self-Defence-Amasekanya Congolese Tutsi, Democratic Republic of Congo, peasants, perpetrators of sexual violence, petroleum companies, South Africa 1994 - 1994 security forces Hutu refugees armed gangs, Hutu youth, Tutsi refugees 2011 - 2015 Security forces 1991 - 2008 CNDD 2007 - 2013 National Liberation Forces 2002 - 2002 Power of Self-Defence-Amasekanya high school students, leader of Youth in Reconstruction for a World in Destruction, moped taxi drivers, private school students, public school students, secondary school teachers 1993 - 2015 protesters 1997 - 1997 supporters of former president Bagaza 2001 - 2015 Civilians Continued on next page

168 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 277 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 Armed band, Cattle rustlers, Tutsi extremists 2013 - 2015 Bar, Journalist 2008 - 2009 doctors, former child soldiers 2008 - 2008 former UN employees, UN employ- ees 2008 - 2015 Gunmen 1993 - 1994 Hutus 2006 - 2006 journalists, lawyers 2009 - 2009 judges 2005 - 2005 motorcycle taxi drivers, thieves, university teachers, voters 2006 - 2009 nurses 2004 - 2008 prisoners 2010 - 2013 Prisoners 1995 - 1996 Rwandan refugees 1994 - 2008 students 2004 - 2009 teachers 1995 - 2000 Tutsi extremist 1994 - 2002 Tutsi youth 2000 - 2000 uniformed men 1993 - 1995 United Nations 2000 - 2001 university officials 1999 - 1999 university staff and lecturers 1993 - 2003 university students 1994 - 2009 unknown 2007 - 2015 Unknown attackers, Unknown gun- men

169 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.7 Chad (1989-2015)

Table 278: Chad Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2006 - 2006 Army, Civil servants, Opposi- Civilians Detained journalist, Esso company, tion party Esso oil workers, Ethnic African vil- lagers, Ethnic Arab villagers, Gun- men, Private radio stations 2015 - 2015 Army posts, Troops Boko Haram, Boko Haram safe Fish market, Market, Soldiers, Sui- house, Boko Haram suicide cide bombers, Terrorist cell, Vil- bomber, Boko Haram suicide lagers bombers, protesters, Suspected Boko Haram members 2012 - 2012 Central Government Seleka, Union of Trade Unions of (UST) 1989 - 2015 Government 2009 - 2009 Interior minister Red Cross, Tax official 2003 - 2003 MDJT Defense attorneys, Rebel dissidents, United States 2004 - 2011 Opposition supporters 2001 - 2015 Police 1997 - 1997 FARF 2004 - 2007 Janjaweed Sudanese refugees 2005 - 2005 RAFD Civilian farmers Trade workers 2004 - 2005 Chadian citizens 1993 - 2007 Citizens 2006 - 2008 Aid workers, Private media workers 2009 - 2010 Armed gunmen 2010 - 2010 British aid worker, Chinese national 1992 - 1992 Chadian Human Rights League, Teachers 2007 - 2007 Chadian nomads, Dadjo tribe, De- tained French aid workers, French charities, Tama ethnic group, Wounded soldiers, Zaghawa ethnic group 2014 - 2014 Chinese National Petroleum Com- pany, Lawyers, Trade Unions 1989 - 1989 Islamic Legion 2000 - 2000 Khouzam tribe, Khozam tribe, Ouled Rachid tribe, Walat Rachid group 1999 - 1999 Oil groups Elf and Shell 2001 - 2001 Opposition candidates and support- ers 2002 - 2002 Refugees 2004 - 2004 Sotel administrators, Telecommuni- cations workers 1992 - 2008 Students 2006 - 2009 Sudanese government 2004 - 2006 Sudanese rebels 2002 - 2004 UNHCR 2005 - 2007 Unidentified gunmen

170 Actor Dictionaries xSub

171 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.8 Cameroon (1990-2015)

Table 279: Cameroon Page 1 of Table 279 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 1994 Army, prime minister, security Agency for Aerial Security and Nav- forces igation, cutters of the road 2014 - 2014 Army Base, Cameroonian Air Boko Haram Base, CAR Militant Civilian Hostages, De- Border Crossing, Chinese Na- Force, Cameroonian Police, Group nis Nkwebo, Hostages, tionals, Italian Priests, Teenage Cameroonian Soldiers, Police Nigerian Civilians Children, Unidentified Assailant, Post Unidentified Gunmen 2002 - 2002 Cameroon People’s Democratic Doba Logistics, oil pipeline workers, Movement, SDF elected to par- prisoners liament 2007 - 2008 Cameroonian army Bakassi insurgents 2013 - 2013 Cameroonian border police- Seleka rebels Gay citizens Arsonists, Association ofian Youth, man, Cameroonian troops Attackers, Central African Repub- lic fighters, French citizens, French priest, Gay rights activist, HIV charity, Mob, Sailors, Transgen- dered women 2015 - 2015 Camp of’s Rapid Intervention Armed militia from Central African Battalion, Chadian army con- Republic, Bar, Bus, Islamic school, tingent, House of the local Market, Mosque, Restaurant, Shop, chief, Military base, Troops Soldiers who served in the UN mission in CAR, Suicide bomber, Suicide bombers, Village, Welding shop 1990 - 2008 central government 2007 - 2007 civil servants citizens Boyo residents, CentAfrican ban- dits, health care workers, Oku resi- dents 2009 - 2015 Government, Police 2005 - 2005 Mamfe police attackers of Chinese shopkeeper, Chinese residents, Kotoko tribe, Musgum tribe, shanty town resi- dents 1995 - 1995 members of Allied Front for Bafanji tribe, Bali tribe Change 1996 - 1996 members of Social Democratic Babanki tribe, Bambili tribe, Bam- Front buis tribe, Fungies tribe, nursery and primary school teachers 2003 - 2006 police 2012 - 2012 President Paul Biya Gay Citizens Cameroonian Youth Rally, Tradi- tional Royalty 1997 - 1997 pro-government groups, pro- Armed gangs, English-speaking government supporters separatists 1991 - 1991 provincial governor Baya farmers, Foulbe, journalists, street vendors 2010 - 2010 Public Sector Union Confeder- Armed attackers, BIR Delta, Chi- ation nese nationals, Fishermen, Oil workers, Prisoners, Soldiers, War- dens 1991 - 2008 Social Democratic Front 2006 - 2006 Social Democratic Front fac- SCNC members anti-homosexual protesters, tion Bamoun tribe, homosexuals 2010 - 2011 Africa Marine Commando 2009 - 2009 Bakassi Freedom Fighters, Mboua Bandits, Foreign fishermen, Foreign Massock, Unknown rebels oil workers, Le Messager, Private boat 2013 - 2015 Boko Haram 2011 - 2011 Cameroonian People’s Liberation Bank, Criminal gang, Unknown Army, Southerns National Council gunmen 2004 - 2004 Coalition for National Reconcilia- Nigerian Bandits, taxi drivers, tion and Reconstruction traders 1992 - 1992 Fru Ndi supporters, opposition mil- presidential candidate supporters, itants presidential candidates, soldiers 1990 - 2004 opposition supporters 2001 - 2015 protesters 1994 - 2011 Rebels 2000 - 2005 Southern National Council 2011 - 2012 Citizens 2008 - 2009 Civilian trawler 1997 - 2015 Civilians 2003 - 2003 civilians 1999 - 1999 Air pilots, railroad workers, Truck drivers 1994 - 1998 airport workers 2005 - 2006 Camair, Camair employees 1992 - 1994 Choa, Kotoko 2008 - 2008 French oil workers, Niger Delta De- fense, Patriotic and People’s Youth Council, road transporters Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 279 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 French President Jacques Chirac, French supporters, gas tanker truck drivers 2009 - 2010 Journalists 2008 - 2013 Pirates 1998 - 1998 soccer fans, white expatriates 1991 - 2005 students 1993 - 2000 teachers 2000 - 2000 Tidjanite, Wohabite 1993 - 1993 unknown 2004 - 2015 Villagers

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174 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.9 Central African Republic (1990-2015)

Table 280: Central African Republic Page 1 of Table 280 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 Alliance for Democracy 2013 - 2013 Bozize supporters, Former Se- Anti-balaka militants, Armed as- Former child soldiers African stabilization mission, leka rebel’s house, Francois sailants, Armed fighters, Demo- Angry Muslim mob, Burundian Bozize supporters, Government cratic Front for the Central African peacekeepers, Cattle herder, Cha- ministers, Local administra- People, Followers of Petit Delphon dian citizens, Chadian peacekeeper, tion headquarters, Army base, Kotto, Rebel, Rebel government, Chadian peacekeepers, Children, paramilitary police post, Mil- Suspected rebels, The Convention Christian militiamen, Congolese itary police, Police headquar- of Patriots for Peace and Justice peacekeeper, Diamond mining ters, Presidential palace, Prime zones, Displaced people, Food Minister Nicholas Tiangaye’s supplies, French journalists, French house troops, Homes, Hospital, Hospitals, Joseph Kony’s bodyguard, Judge, Lawyer Emile Bizon and other lawyers, Looter, Looters, Media offices, Mob, Mob of young men, Mosque, Muslim-owned shops, Muslim, Muslim armed fighters, Muslim herders, Peacekeepers, Protestant Youth Center, Res- idents, Road Haulage Drivers, Saint-Jacques Church, Seleka fighters, Seleka Rebels, Seleka supporters, Suspected Christian militant, Suspected Christian militants, Suspected ex-rebels, Suspected military members, Sus- pected Seleka fighter, Ugandan troops, Unidentified assailants, Unspecified youth organization, Young men 2012 - 2012 Citizen Coalition Opposed to Chinese Workers, Mbarara (Cha- the Armed Rebels, Military, dian herders), Seleka, Taxi and Bus Pro-Government Supporters, Drivers, Ugandan Military, Young Transport Ministry Muslim 1991 - 2008 Civil Servants 2004 - 2004 Civil servants, Parliamentary Chadians aides 1997 - 1997 Defense minister, Former muti- neers 1993 - 1993 Goumba supporters, Kolingba Staff of Central African Customs supporters and Economic Union 1990 - 2015 Government 2015 - 2015 Interim President Catherin Anti-balaka group, Anti-Balaka Displaced persons Aid Workers, Armed Muslims Samba Panza, Muslim ex- group, Christian anti-balaka, camp Fighters, Christians, Commercial Selega rebels, Muslim ex-Seleka Guerillas, Muslim Militia Convoy, Muslim combatants, Mus- Rebels lim Seleka Rebels, Opponents of referendum, Peul herders, Radio Station, Refugee Camp, Rwandan UN peacekeeper, Seleka rebels, Supporters of referendum, UN Peace Keeping Forces, UN Peace Keeping headquarters, UN Police, Unknown Armed Attackers, Un- known Gunmen, Village, Villages 2003 - 2003 Joseph Bendounga Francois Bozize Professors 1996 - 2001 Military faction 1991 - 1991 Movement for Social Evolution Coordination Committee for the in Black Africa Convocation of a National Con- ference, Private sector workers, Schools, Trade federations, World Bank 1999 - 1999 Movement for the Liberation Mass transit workers, Supporters of of the People of Centrafique Andre Kolingba, Union of Forces (MLPC) Committed to Peace, Yakoma gun- men 1998 - 1998 Opposition party supporters, Political supporters, Sudanese Ruling party supporters refugees 2002 - 2012 Parliament 2010 - 2010 Popular Army for the Restora- Movement of Central African Lib- Chadian cattle herders, Red Cross, tion of Democracy erators for Justice, Union of Demo- Ugandan soldiers cratic Forces for Unity 2014 - 2014 President Michel Djotodia Anti-Balaka Christian Militias, Sectarian Violence, Seleka Demon- Women protesters strators, Seleka Muslim Rebels, Unidentified Assailant 2009 - 2009 CPJP, People’s Army for the Farmer’s self defense group, Farm- Restoration of Democracy ers, Goula, Gulus, International Red Cross, Kara, National Federa- tion of Stockbreeders Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 280 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Roman Catholic priests, Rungas, Traders, Triangle aid group, Vati- can 2008 - 2008 Democratic Front Doctors without Borders 1991 - 2014 Demonstrators 2000 - 2000 Local militiamen CAR national football squad, Cen- tral African Flame (FLAC), Libyan ambassador, Nuns 2009 - 2013 Lord’s Resistance Army, Protesters 2007 - 2007 Popular Army for the Restoration Doctors Without Borders, Street of Democracy and the Republic vendors, UN officials 1991 - 2015 protesters 2003 - 2013 Rebels 2006 - 2006 UFDR Funeral attendees, High school stu- dents, Lawyers, Public transport workers, Sudan, Temporary teach- ers 2010 - 2013 Citizens 1998 - 2014 Civilians 2004 - 2013 Ex-rebels 2005 - 2005 Andre Kolingba, Markounda, Op- position supporters, Unidentified, Union of Central African Workers 1997 - 2013 Armed men 1998 - 2009 Bandits 2001 - 2001 Chadian farmers, Municipal work- ers, Taxi and bus drivers, Worship- pers, Zaraguinas 2005 - 2006 Chadian rebels 1994 - 1994 Criminal defendants 2011 - 2011 Doctor’s association, University staff 1991 - 2013 France 2002 - 2002 Libya, Opposition parties, Rival tribes, Sudanese raiders 2011 - 2015 Muslims 2004 - 2006 Newspapers 1993 - 2013 Soldiers 1991 - 2004 Students 1998 - 2004 Sudan People’s Liberation Army 1990 - 2010 Teachers 1991 - 2000 Trade unionists 1998 - 2007 Unknown 2008 - 2012 Unknown gunmen 2001 - 2013 Villagers 1991 - 2011 Youths

176 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.10 Cote d’Ivoire (1990-2015)

Table 281: Cote d’Ivoire Page 1 of Table 281 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2002 - 2002 Alliance of Young Patriots, MJP, Rebel soldiers Air Afrique employees, Families Customs and prison officials of crash victims, Former Ivo- rian soldiers, Handicapped Ivorians, Ivorian citizens, Ivorian Muslims, Judges, The Hungry Consumers, Traders 2011 - 2015 Army 2012 - 2012 Army base, Army checkpoint, FPI headquarters, Ivorian Popular Greek oil tanker, Guere youths, Army checkpoints, Police bar- Front (FPI) Malinke youths, Power plant, racks, Police stations, pro- Street Peddlers, Transgendered Gbagbo fighters, pro-Gbagbo prostitutes newspapers, Republican Forces of Ivory Coast 2014 - 2014 Campus police, Ivory Coast Former Ivory Coast Rebels Awa Fadiga, Gay Rights Orga- Soldiers nization, Unidentified Assailants, Unidentified Demonstrators 2011 - 2011 Civil servants, Gbagbo forces, Female protesters, New Forces Abidji, Armed youths, Baoule, Ma- Ivory Coast Democratic Party, linke, UN employees, Unknown, Military forces, Pro-Gbagbo Warlord, Women, Youth gangs fighters, Pro-Gbagbo mob, Pro-Gbagbo refugees, Republi- can Forces militiamen 2009 - 2009 Clerks Doctors, Lebanese nationals 2013 - 2013 Commission chief Fidele Saras- Followers of Alphonse Soro Armed bandits, Crowd, Football soro, Gendarmes, Higher Edu- team bus, French tanker, Interna- cation Minister Cisse Ibrahima tional Criminal Court, Oil tanker, Bacongo, Pro-Gbagbo militia Other crowd members, Village 1997 - 2001 FESCI (student union) 2010 - 2010 Gbago government, Rally of Mob, Nigeria, Street sweepers, Sus- Houphouetists for Democracy pected soldiers and Peace, Ruling party sup- porters 1990 - 2015 Government 2001 - 2001 Incumbent supporters Air Afrique, Air traffic workers, Armed men, ASEC Mimosa sup- porters, Cocoa producers, Immi- grants, Malian fishermen, Rival fac- tion of FESCI, Rival football club supporters, Senegalese government 1995 - 2013 Ivorian Popular Front 2000 - 2000 Ivorian Popular Front support- Junta leader Gabonese government, Gabonese ers, Republican Alliance sup- students, Journalists, Opposition porters supporteer 1999 - 2005 Military Ivorians 2006 - 2006 Military barracks Cocoa farmers 2003 - 2003 Military camp Black clad assailants, Ex-rebels, French nationals, French Prime Minister, Newspaper workers, Petroleum workers, Workers’ union Syntep-CI 1995 - 1995 Opposition parties, Republican Medical students Front women 2000 - 2012 Ouattara supporters 1990 - 2013 Police 2015 - 2015 President Opponents of former first lady Si- mone Gbagbo, Opposition, Sup- porters of former first lady Simone Gbagbo 1990 - 2006 Presidential supporters 2007 - 2014 Prime Minister 2004 - 2004 Prison guards, Rally for Re- Burkinabe farmers, Cocoa unions, publicans Congolese government, Congolese students 1995 - 2001 Rally of Republicans Opposition leader 2005 - 2011 Security forces 2005 - 2005 Rebels Bus drivers, Dioula citizens, Forest guards, French troops 1991 - 2010 Citizens 1994 - 2014 Civilians 1996 - 1996 Air traffic controllers 2008 - 2008 Alleged kidnappers, Koulango, Lawyers, Lobis 2004 - 2013 Armed gang, Gunmen 2004 - 2011 Bete 1999 - 2000 Burkinabe 2001 - 2006 Burkinabes Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 281 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1998 Cote d’Ivoire Telecom, Ghanian fishermen, Ivorian fishermen, Lec- turers, Niger government, Niger students, Political opposition, Tele- phone workers 1996 - 2001 Dock workers 1990 - 1990 Firefighters, Medical workers 2007 - 2007 Former president supporters, Hu- man rights league, Toxic waste vic- tims 2007 - 2008 Former rebels 2000 - 2004 French government, Ivorian women 1993 - 1993 Ghanians 1993 - 2002 Health workers 1999 - 1999 High school students 2002 - 2005 Ivorian youths 1994 - 1994 Liberian bandits 1990 - 2001 Mutinous soldiers 1990 - 2010 Opposition supporters 2012 - 2013 Pirates 2004 - 2014 Prisoners 2002 - 2008 Public transport workers 1997 - 1997 Secondary school teachers, Truck drivers 1999 - 2013 Soldiers 1990 - 2014 Students 1990 - 1998 Taxi drivers 1992 - 2015 Teachers 2006 - 2010 UN officials, UN peacekeepers 2004 - 2012 UN Peacekeepers 2004 - 2006 United Nations 1991 - 1991 University lecturers 2006 - 2015 Unknown attackers 2013 - 2014 Villagers 2003 - 2011 Young Patriots 2002 - 2006 Youths

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179 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.11 Democratic Republic of the Congo (1990-2015)

Table 282: Democratic Republic of the Congo Page 1 of Table 282 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2015 Army 1995 - 1995 Army units Tutsi militias Aid convoy, Banayrwanda, Cen- tral Federation of Public Service Employees, Hunde tribesmen, Na- tive Zaireans, Uniformed men, Un- known bombers, World Food Pro- gram 2015 - 2015 Central Government, National ADF, Allied Democratic Forces and Armed Attackers, Authorities, Intelligence Agency, Opposi- National Army for the Liberation of Bantu Villages, Beni Residents, tion parties supporters Uganda (ADF-NALU), protesters, Gang, Georges Kasongo, Goma Pygmy Militia Airport Depots, Human Rights Activists, Opposition Leaders, Residents, UN Peace Keeping Forces 2001 - 2007 Civil servants 2014 - 2014 Colonel Mamadou Ndala, DRC ADF-Nalu Rebels, ADF-NALU Civilian Pygmies, Barundi Assailants, Emmanuel de Military, Magistrates Rebels, Alliance for a Free and Ethnic Bafuliru Merode, National Park Rangers, Sovereign Congo, Bakata-Katanga Civilians Robert Chamwami Shalubuto, Rebels, Bakata Katanga Militia, UN Gunships, UN Peacekeeping Demonstrators, M23 Rebels, Mai Troops, Unidentified Assailant, Mai Sheka Unknown Assailants, Unknown Militant Group 2006 - 2006 Congo Liberation Movement, Army deserters, Congolese Revolu- Anvil Mining, Election workers, Congo Liberation Movement tionary Movement, Militia forces of Ituri Patriotic Resistance Force, supporters, Jean Pierre Bemba Cobra Matata, Unknown militias Miners, National Transport Office, militia, Joseph Kabila loyalists, Nunu tribe, Street dwellers, Tende Joseph Kabila supporters, Min- tribe, Transport workers ister of Land, Movement for the Liberation of Congo, Oscar Kashala supporters, Vice Pres- idential Guard 2002 - 2003 Congolese Liberation Move- Congolese Rally for Democracy ment (RCD) 2003 - 2003 Congolese Rally for Democracy Mudundu 40, Party for the Unity Civilian mob Autonomous Union of Magistrates Liberation Movement and Safeguard of the Integrity of (SYNAMAC), Ethnic factions, Congo (PUSIC), Party to Protect Hemas, Lendu militias, Red Cross Congo’s Integrity, UPC workers, UN observers 2004 - 2009 DRC army 2003 - 2011 DRC military 1990 - 2015 Government 1997 - 1997 Government (Alliance of Former Zairean army soldiers, Ho- Democratic Forces for the tel staff, Hutu protesters, Hutu stu- Liberation of Congo-Zaire), dent, Professors, Religious groups, National Intelligence and UN, United States Protection Service, Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire 1990 - 1990 Government employees 2001 - 2001 Government organized Coup plotters International Red Cross, Lebanese protesters, President Lau- immigrants, Ngiti tribesmen, Ugan- rent Kabila dan soldiers 2012 - 2012 Government Troops, Union for Bakungu Guards, M23, March Congolese Civilians Christian groups, Congolese Democracy and Social Progress 23 Movement, Milita, Militia, Rangers, Denis Mukwege, Elec- (UDPS) Tshisekedi Supporters tion Fraud, Francophone Summit, Mugunga Camp, Priests, Rangers, Rocky Kalume Makabuza, Soldiers’ Wives, Sud Kivu villages, Support- ers, Unknown Attacker, Unknown Gunmen 1991 - 1991 Government workers, Mobutu Catholic bishop, Doctors, Illegal supporters, Pro-government Zambian immigrants, Paratroopers, militants, Union of Federalists Zambia and Independent Republicans party 2006 - 2008 Jean Pierre Bemba supporters CNDP Illegal miners 2006 - 2009 Local police 1993 - 2012 Military 2005 - 2005 Military police, Opposition po- Allied Democratic Forces/National ex-Mai Mai militia, Health workers, litical parties, People’s Party Army for the Liberation of Uganda, Murderers, Pygmies, Rasta, Soccer for Reconstruction and Democ- Military forces of Etienne Bindu, game racy, Popular Armed Force Militia forces, Unidentified militia 2011 - 2011 Opposition Member of Parlia- Mai Mai Yakutumba militia, Sepa- Armed bandits, Armed gunmen, ment, Party for Reconstruction ratist militants City airport, Oil workers, Radio and Democracy supporters, Se- journalist curity forces, Union for Democ- racy and Social Progress sup- porters 1993 - 1997 Opposition parties Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 282 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2010 Opposition party Allied Democratic Forces, Mai-Mai Citizens International Medical Corp, Peace- militia, Tribual insurgents keepers, Rival villagers, Rwandan Hutu rebels, Taxi drivers 2004 - 2004 People’s Armed Forces of Mobutu militia, Nationalist Inte- Adja fighters, Bira, Dissident sol- Congo, Speaker of Parliament grationist Front, Rebel forces of diers, Ngiti, United Nations, Uni- General Laurent Nkunda versity staff 2003 - 2012 Police 2001 - 2014 President Joseph Kabila 2004 - 2011 Presidential Guard Armed gang 2009 - 2014 Prison Guards 2009 - 2009 Provincial governor Federal Republican Forces, Mai Mai Enyele tribe (also called Lobala), (Pareco), National Congress for the Munzaya tribe (also called Bam- Defence of the People boma or Boba), ONATRA, ONA- TRA management 1993 - 1993 Special Presidential Guard Nyanga tribe 1991 - 1997 Supporters of Etienne Tshisekedi 1991 - 2004 Supporters of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress 2005 - 2006 Supporters of Union for Voter registration workers Democracy and Social Progress 1990 - 2011 Union for Democracy and So- cial Progress 2000 - 2000 Union of Democracy and Social Interahamwe (Hutu militia), Rwan- Rwanda Progress dan backed rebels (Congolese Rally for Democracy) 1996 - 1996 Banyamulenge (Tutsi militia), MLC Burundi, Hutu mobs, Hutu refugees, Red Cross, Small shops, Unknown elements, Zairean villages 2007 - 2007 BDK Bena Muembia village, Bena Nishimba village, Murderer, Na- tional Union of Teachers from Resistered Catholic Schools (SYNECAT), Sexual assault, UN employees, UN Mission in the DRC 2008 - 2008 Bundu dia Kongo, Gabriel Kyungu Belgium, Catholic students, SYNA- supporters, Patriotic Resistance MAC, SYNAMED, World Wildlife Forces of Ituri Fund 1992 - 1992 Church led protesters Port workers 2001 - 2003 Congolese Rally for Democracy 2006 - 2012 Democratic Forces for the Libera- tion of Rwanda, Lord’s Resistance Army 2012 - 2015 Democratic Forces for the Libera- tion of Rwanda (FDLR) 2004 - 2005 Democratic Liberation Forces of Armed group Rwanda 2009 - 2015 FDLR 2005 - 2008 Hutu militia 1994 - 1994 Hutu militias Accused spy, Workers and Peasants Movement, Zaireans 1996 - 2010 Hutu rebels 2002 - 2006 Interahamwe (Hutus) 1998 - 2012 Mai Mai Ugandan rebels 2002 - 2011 Mai Mai militia Gunmen 2002 - 2002 Mutinous rebels, Rally for Con- Banyamulenge, Hema militia, Rob- golese Democracy, RCD-ML, RCD- ber, UN mission National, RCD/ML-Kisangani, Spinter rebels 2003 - 2007 Nationalist and Integrationist Front 1990 - 2012 Protesters 1999 - 2011 Rebels 1998 - 1998 Tutsi rebels 2003 - 2004 Union of Congolese Patriots 1992 - 2015 Civilians 1994 - 2011 Aid workers 1991 - 2011 Armed men, Opposition supporters 1997 - 1998 France 1999 - 2005 Hema, Lendu 1993 - 2006 Hutus 1997 - 2007 Journalists 1992 - 1993 Kasais/Baluba, Katangas 2003 - 2005 Lendu militia 2006 - 2014 Prisoners, Youths 1998 - 2008 Refugees 1994 - 1997 Rwandan refugees 2001 - 2005 Soccer fans 1992 - 2012 Soldiers 1996 - 2009 Students 1991 - 2008 Teachers 1996 - 2004 Tutsis 2002 - 2010 UN peacekeepers Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 282 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2014 UN Peacekeepers 1990 - 2008 University students 1996 - 2000 Unknown 1995 - 2006 Unknown attackers 1994 - 2006 Unknown gunmen 1997 - 2014 Villagers 1998 - 2010 Women

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183 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.12 Egypt (1990-2015)

Table 283: Egypt Page 1 of Table 283 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 Abdel-Moneim Abdolfotoh - Women arrested during demonstra- Civilian group Youth group, Youth Activist Groups, presidential candidate, Armed tions, Suspected militants, Sup- Women citizens, Woman, US Secre- forces, Army and police troops, porters of disqualified presiden- tary of State Hillary Clinton, Unknown Egyptian Armed Forces, Egyp- tial candidate Hazem Abu Is- killer, Unknown killers of 2 Coptic tian border guards, Hardline mail, protesters in Tahrir Square, Christians, University student and his Islamists of Salafist movement, Protester, Opponents of President girlfriend, Ultraconservative Muslims, Headquarters of opposition lib- Morsi, Opponents of Morsi and new Ultraconservative citizens, U.S. tourists, eral Wafd Party, Islamist sup- constitution, Journalists opposing U.S. tourists and theirian guide, ”Tran- porters of President Mohamed President Morsi, Islamist militants sitional regime, Transportation work- Morsi, Journalists support- affiliated with Army of Islam - rad- ers, Tribesman, Train workers, Train ing President Morsi, Liberal ical group, Campaign headquarters system, Tour Guides, Tour guides, members of Parliament, Local of presidential candidate Ahmed Three bearded men, Textile Workers, Police, Magistrates, Mah- Shafiq, Arafa Kamel Khalifa, April Textile Management, Syrian Embassy moud Abdel-Maguid - nation’s 6 Youth Movement, April 6 move- , Syria, Syrians, Suspected military top prosecutor, Members of ment - youth group, Al-Masri Fans, supporters, Supreme Presidential Elec- Central Security Forces - Ahmed Shafiq Supporters, Ahmed tion Comission, Supreme Constitutional riot police, Military, Military Shafiq, Ahmed Shafiq - former Court, Supporters of draft constitu- leadership, Military police, Prime Minister/presidential candi- tion, Supporters of former Mubarak Military Supporters, Muslim date Vice President Omar Suleiman, Sup- Brotherhood lawmaker Hassan porters of Hosni Mubarak, Staff of In- al-Brince, Muslim Brotherhood ternet edition of al-Ahram daily, State- offices, National Salvation owned Misr Spinning and Weaving Com- Front, Offices of presidential pany, Souvenir Vendors, Soccer sta- candidate Ahmed Shafiq, Op- dium, Singapore tourist, Shrine of position National Salvation Sheikh Zuweyid - local Muslim saint, Front, Parliament, President Second round of referendum, Secular Mohammed Morsi, President Activists, Secular and leftist activists, Morsi, Presidential candidate Secular youth, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Ahmed Shafiq, Prime Minister Arabian government, Railway Workers, Hisham Qandil, Pro-military Public Transportation Providers, Pub- supporters, Salafist Muslims, lic Service Providers, Prosecutors, Pros- Salafists, State Council - judi- ecutor general Talaat Ibrahim Abdallah, cial body, State Council, State Private Television Networks, Privately Council Judges Club, Sup- owned TV networks, Pro-democracy porters of President Mohamed groups, Players on Al-Ahly soccer team, Morsi, Supporters of President Polling Stations, Opponents of draft Morsi, Supporters of presiden- constitution, Muwad Hassaad - Cop- tial candidates, Supporters of tic Christian, Muslim and Christian Salafist candidate Hazem Abu villagers, Muslim citizens, Multina- Ismail, Supreme Council of the tional Force and Observers, Multina- Armed Forces, Wafd Party tional Force and Observers peacekeeper base, Municipality Workers, Mourners of Coptic Pope Shenouda, Mob of young men, Male citizens, Lone Citizen, Lo- cal tribesman, Korean tourists and their guide, Judges Club of Alexandria, Jour- nalists’ union, Islamist/Bedouin mil- itants, Islamist militants, Islamist- backed draft constitution, Islamic Mil- itants, International peace force Multi- nationa Force and Observers (MFO), In- dependent Newspapers, Human Rights Activists, Hotel Managers, Hospitals, Hospital Workers, Home and shops of Coptic Christian Murad Samy Guirguis, High Administrative Court, Headquar- ters ofian Football Association, Hard- line Islamists, Hala Fahmy - TV host, Gang of robbers, Former military com- manders, France 24 TV reporter So- nia Dridi, Flight Attendants, Flight at- tendants ofAir, Female citizens, Fans of Al-Masry soccer team, ex-Mubarak Supporters, Employees at newspaper al-Gomhuria, Egyptian soldiers, Egyp- tian Football Association, Egyptian Bedouins, EgyptAir - national airline, Egypt Football Association, Doctors in public hospitals , Daily publica- tions, Criminals, Court presiding over Hosni Mubarak trial, Coptic Christian home, Constitutional panel, College stu- dents, Christian villagers, Chinese work- ers, Children, Caroline Kamel - Chris- tian journalist and her family, Brazil- ian tourists, Bomber of church, Bedouin tribesman, Armed men who infiltrated Israeli border Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 283 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Arab League, Appeals court judges, Anti-Bashar al-Assad demonstrators, Alber Saber - Coptic Christian who posted anti-Islam film to Facebook, Al Jazeera offices, Al Jazeera, al-Gomhuria newspaper, Al-Ahly Fans, Ahly Ultras - fans of Al-Ahly football club, Acivists, 10 Fijian peacekeepers from Multina- tional Force and Observers 2014 - 2014 Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Bor- Ajnad Misr Jihadist Group, Alaa 8-Year Old Girl, 13-year old boy, Ab- der Guards, Foreign Ministry, Abdel-Fattah, Ansar Beit al- dullah Elshamy, Activists, Ahmed Seif, Guards, Labor Ministry Of- Maqdis Militants, Laila Soueif, Apache Corp Worker, Arab Family, ficial, Military Forces, Mil- Mohamed al-Sayed Mansour al- Arms Traffickers , Bani Hilal tribesmen, itary General El-Sissi, Mili- Toukhi, Mohammed Sultan, Morsi Border Checkpoint, Brigadier General , tary Helicopter, Military In- Supporters, Nour al-Hamdeen, British Citizen, Cairo Metro Stations, stalled Government, Military Pro-Morsi Coalition, Pro-Morsi Cairo Military Hospital, Civilian Oppo- Officer, Military Post, Mus- Students, Pro-Morsi Supporters, nents to Morsi, Coptic Owned Shops, lim Brotherhood Members, Po- Takfiri Jihadist Militants, Women Court, Crowd of Men, Defense Lawyers, lice Brigadier General, Po- protesters Egyptian Soldiers, Female University lice Checkpoint, Police General Student, Hospital, Islamic Extremists, Mohamed Saeed, Police Head- Israeli Informants, Israeli Military Ve- quarters, Police Station, Pres- hicle, Israeli Resort Eilat, Judge Shaa- idential Palace, Pro-Military ban el-Shamy, Masked Gunmen, Mini- Supporters, Senior Police Offi- Bus Driver, Multinational Force and cer, Traffic Police Station Observation mission, Naval Vessel, No- taries, Nubian Clan, Nubian Dabudiya, Palestinian Men, Retired Army Colonel, Russian Tourist, Sinai Gas Pipeline, Soccer Fans, South Korean Tourists, Taxi Drivers, Textile Holding Company, Train Station, Unidentified Assailants, Unidentified Gunmen, Unidentified Man , Unidentified Militants, Unknown As- sailants, Youth Activists 2005 - 2005 Al-Ghad (Tomorrow) party, Al-Qaeda Organization in the Lev- Ariel Sharon, Israel, Artists, writers, Culture Minister Farouk Hosni, ant and, Ayman Nour, Supporters intellectuals, Bedouin gunmen, British Egyptian government/secu- of Ayman Nour and Dutch prisoners, Detainees, Fam- rity forces, Egyptian prison ily members of people detained after officials and guards, Interior Sinai bombings, Islamic extremists, Is- Minister, National Democratic lamist university students, Judges’ Club Party, National Democratic of Cairo, Press Syndicate, Professors for Party supporters, Opposition Change, Relatives of detained Muslim members ofian parliament, Brotherhood members, Relatives of po- President Hosni Mubarak litical detainees, Religious institutions, and his ruling National Senior Muslim religious leaders in, Sui- Democratic Party, President cide bomber and female relatives , Sus- Hosni Mubarak/Egyptian pect in April 7 bomb attack and his fe- government, Pro-government male relatives, activists, Supporters of in- dependent parliamentary candidate 2005 - 2007 Al-Ghad party Opposition voters 2013 - 2013 Anti-government protesters, Al-Furqan, Anti-Coup Alliance Civilian Administrative and TV station build- Army bus, Army camp, Army of Islamist groups, Anti-Morsi ings, Airport workers, Al-Azhar checkpoint, Army commandos, protesters, April 6 protest move- University, Al-Dostour party spoke- Army convoy, Army support- ment, Armed Morsi supporters, men, Al-Dustur party, Alexandria’s ers, Border guards, City police Army opponents, Brotherhood ex-security director, American citizen, headquarters, City prison, supporters, Demonstrators, Friday Angry Muslims, Armed Bedouin tribes- Culture minister, Defense of martyrs protesters, Govern- men, Artists, Artists, movie directors, Ministry, Egyptian army, ment opponents, Morsi opponents, writers, Assailant, Assailants, Attacker, Egyptian Prime Minister, Morsi Opposition, Muslim Broth- Baggage handlers, Bakery owners, Egyptian troops, Followers of erhood cleric, Muslim Brotherhood Black Bloc, Bomber, Brick workers, Hamdeen Sabahi, Freedom and Governors, Muslim Brotherhood Brotherhood headquarters, Brother- Justice party offices, Freedom guards, Muslim Brotherhood Of- hood Leader’s son, Brotherhood office, and Justice party villas, Gen- fice, Muslim Brotherhood party Bus, Caf , Cars and shops, Christian- eral al-Sisi followers, General office, Muslim protesters, Salafist owned store, Christian, Christian al-Sisi supporters, Govern- Islamists, Sunni protesters, Sus- ambulance worker, Christian convert, ment supporters, Governor, pected Islamic militants, The Christian homes, Christian homes and Governor Saad al-Husseini, Muslim Brotherhood, Vigilantes, stores, Coptic Bishop, Coptic Christian, Interior Minister Mohamed Young protesters Coptic Christian man, Coptic church, Ibrahim, Military building, Courthouse, Crowd, Crowds, Drug deal- Military checkpoint, Military ers, Egypt Air management, Egypt Air intelligence building, Mili- pilots, El-Aawashir family, El-Shaieba tary office, Military vehicle, family, Finance Ministry, Followers of Military vehicles, Morsi gov- activist Mona Seif, Former Interior ernment, Morsi loyalists, Morsi Minister, Friday of Anger protesters, supporters, Muslim Broth- Green Eagles, Gunman, High Court, erhood opponents, National Independent TV networks, Iran, Iranian Salvation Front opposition convoy, Islamist marchers, Islamist coalition, National security militant, Islamist students, Islamist officer, Oja border crossing wedding guests, Israel, Jihadi groups, police, Opposition parties and Knife-wielding men, Liberal activists, movements, Opposition party Looters, Luxury hotel, Masked attack- offices, Police base, Police ers, Masked gunmen, Massacre of the building, Police bus, Police Century protesters, Microbus drivers, camp, Police captain Murderer, Museum, Muslim cleric Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 283 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Police cars, Police checkpoint, Muslim woman, National airline carrier, Police conscript, Police fa- Non-Islamist wedding guests, Opera cility, Police headquaters, house employees, Passing cars, Port Police officer, Police parol, workers, Post office, Press Syndicate Police stations, Police vehicle, head, Prince Tadros church, Prosecutor Police water truck, Policeman, General, Public buses, Public Prosecu- Prime Minister’s motorcade, tor, Random passerby, Reporter, Res- Pro-army protesters, Pro- idents, Satellite communication dish, government demonstrators, School principal, Secular youth ac- Pro-military politician, Pro- tivists, Security convoy, Security post, military protesters, Provincial Shiite Muslims, Shop owners, Sniper, government, Provincial govern- Snipers, Soccer players, Special forces, ment headquarters, Provincial Suicide bomber, Suicide bombers, Sunni police headquarters, Republi- Muslim mob, Superior Court, Suspected can Guard, Riot police, Senior car thief, Suspected Coptic Christian military commander, Sports child molester, Suspected Islamists, Sus- Ministry, Suspected police pected murderer, Suspected murderer killer, The Anti-Coup Alliance, and rapist, Suspected pro-Islamist busi- The Islamist Construction and nesses, Suspected thieves, Tamarod ac- Development Party tivists, Tamarod movement, Tamarrod opposition campaign offices, The Upris- ing of Women in the Arab World, Train drivers, Train tracks, Truck and minibus drivers, Ultras, Ultras Al-Ahly, Ultras Devils club protesters, University, Un- known gunmen, Unspecified, Warehouse workers, Women activists, Worshippers, Youths, Zamalek fans 2012 - 2015 Army, Central Government protesters Gunmen, Militants 2012 - 2013 Central Security Forces, Police Security checkpoint, Security check- station, Policemen points, Soldier, Troops 2013 - 2014 Checkpoint, Egyptian military, National Security Agency 2010 - 2010 Civil servants, Egyptian Candidate’s son, Coptic officials, El- guards, Local government, Baradei, ElBaradei supporter, Factory Muslim Brotherhood leader manager, Flood victims, Hamas loyal- ists, Islamist, Kuwait government, Mus- lims and Christians, Opposition sup- porters, Pro-Palestinian activists, Syn- agogue 2000 - 2006 Culture Minister Faruq Hosni 1994 - 1994 Director of state-owned textile Islamic radicals, Lawyers’ Syndicate, factory Writers/Intellectuals 2009 - 2009 Egyptian army cadets, Gover- African migrants, Algerian national soc- nor of Minya cer team players, Baha’i villagers, Egyp- tian soccer fans, Embassies of Ethiopia and Eritrea, European aid workers, Family members of ferry accident vic- tims, French activists, French embassy, Germany, Owner of ferry, Palestinian Is- lamic Army, Pharmacists, Pig farmers, Residents of Ezba, Truckers 2007 - 2007 Egyptian border authorities, Bedouins of the Fawakhriya tribe, Egyptian policeman, Security Bedouins of the Tarabin tribe, Cop- forces, police tic Christian youths, Egyptian court, Fire victims, Iraq, Muslim youths, Opposition groups, Photojournalists, Press Syndicate newspapers, Relatives and friends of Muslim Brotherhood fi- nanciers 2005 - 2006 Egyptian border police, Prison Cairo criminal court, Pro-reform ac- officials and guards tivists 2004 - 2004 Egyptian foreign trade minis- American University in Cairo (AUC) ter Rachid Mohammed Rachid, students and faculty, Armed bandits, Local authorities Coptic Pope Shenuda III, Egyptian and Palestinian prisoners, Egyptian pilgrims, Egyptian students, women, French government, Garment workers, Government thugs, Opposition journal- ist, Sinai bombers, Tarek al-Zomor 1995 - 2009 Egyptian government 2004 - 2007 Egyptian government and secu- rity forces 2006 - 2006 Egyptian government, Mus- Muslim Brotherhood, Kefaya move- Anti-globalization activists, Denmark, lims, Police, Egyptian riot ment Dockworkers, Egyptian universities, police, National Democratic Friends and relatives of suspected Party members of Parliament, Islamist terrorists, Helwan University Rebel faction within Wafd administration, Helwan University stu- party, Wafd party loyalists, dents, Iraqi refugees, Jailed opposition Zagazig state security emer- leader Ayman Nour, Journalists’ Syn- gency court dicate, Libyan soccer fans, Palestinian militants and citizens, Pope Benedict XVI, Poultry industry workers, Pro- reform judges, Public-sector workers, Red Sea ports authority, Relatives of ferry accident victims Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 283 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Suez Canal Authority, Tawhid wal Ji- had, World Economic Forum 1995 - 1995 Egyptian security agents, Elec- Terrorists responsible for bombing Attempted assassins, Aulad Mahmud toral candidate from ruling ofian embassy in Pakistan family, Editor of opposition newspaper, party, Hizb al-Amal, Support- Exiled Palestinians from Libya, Mem- ers of government-backed par- bers ofian professional unions, Mus- liamentary candidates, Sup- lim cleric and others, Mussalem Family, porters of independent parlia- Sudanese diplomats, Villagers of Abu mentary candidates, Support- Daud, Villagers of San Saft ers of opposition parties, Sup- porters of the government 2005 - 2013 Egyptian security forces Islamic militants 1990 - 2015 Government, Police Unknown 2011 - 2013 Interior Ministry, Police offi- Protesters Football fans, Gas pipeline, Libya, cers Street vendors 1996 - 1996 Leaders of Wasat party Armored car, Bank, Executive board of journalists’ union, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu, Lawyers’ trade union, Left- ists and Islamic activists, Mill workers 2008 - 2009 Local government officials 1998 - 2004 Local police 2015 - 2015 Military Checkpoint, Mostafa Senior IS Militant, Ajnad Misr Ahmed Samih, Cairo night club, Cairo Abdel Rahman, Presidential University, Egyptian Jihadists, Family, palace, Socialist Popular Al- Hamas, Islamist Militants, Italian Con- liance Party sulate, Judge, Judge Mutax Khafagi, Khaled el-Maniee, Mobile Service Store, Natural Gas Pipeline, Palestinian Civil- ian, Palestinian gunmen, Prosecutor Hisham Barakat, Public tax and cus- toms workers, Russian Airline, School, Sinai Pipeline, Sinai Province of the Is- lamic State (formerly known as Ansar Beit al-Maqdis), Smugglers, Supreme Court, Terrorists, Tomislav Salopek Croatian foreigner, Tourist attraction, Tram tracks, University Dean, Unknown assailant, Unknown Gunmen, Unknown Militant, Youth Center, Zamalek foot- ball club fans 1993 - 1993 Ministry of Education Antarktika (company), International community, Townspeople of Qalioub, Ukrainian sailors 2011 - 2011 Mohamed ElBaradei, Mubarak Al-Qaeda inspired militants, Anti- Air traffic controllers, Al Jazeera, Bus supporters, Pro-Mubarak Mobarak demonstrators, Civilian driver, Canal workers, Civil society or- thugs, Regime supporters, protesters, Mubarak detractors, ganizations, Democracy activists, Feud- Regional government, State Opponents of Muammar Khaddafy ing families, Football game, Gas termi- employees, State security nal, Hurghada security, Islamist orga- services nizations, Judges Club, Muslim shop- owners, Off-duty policeman, Red Sea Port Authority, Religious violence, Res- idents of Awlad Khalifa, Residents of Awlad Yehiya, Teachers 1993 - 2015 Muslim Brotherhood 2010 - 2014 Muslim Brotherhood members Activists 2007 - 2008 Muslim Brotherhood student members 2010 - 2013 Muslim Brotherhood support- Attackers, Mob ers 2003 - 2004 Opposition parties 2014 - 2015 Police Officer, Security Forces Authorities, Unidentified Man, Un- known Militants 1999 - 2008 President Hosni Mubarak 2008 - 2013 Prison guards Bedouin tribesmen, Prisoners 2000 - 2000 Rival factions within Hizb al- Attorney General, Bus drivers, Egyp- Amal (Labor Party), State se- tian shopkeepers, Opposition journal- curity forces, Supporters of op- ists, Wives of three Islamist journalists position parliamentary candi- dates 2003 - 2003 Tagammu party 1992 - 1993 al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya 1992 - 1992 Al-Jihad German tourists, Muslim fundamental- ist, Secularist writer 2013 - 2015 Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, Pro-Morsi Church, Judges protesters 2005 - 2008 Anti-government activists Kefaya movement, Palestinians 2011 - 2012 Anti-military activists Saboteurs 2008 - 2008 Ayman Nour loyalists, Female Assiut University faculty and students, protesters, Supporters of rival Family members and supporters of food al-Ghad leader, The April 6 group riot defendants, Female relatives of de- tained bombing suspects, Foreign news- papers, Masked bandits, National Coun- cil for Women, Palestinians in Gaza, Residents of Aswan, Residents of Ba- hariya, Residents of Burg al-Burullus, Residents of Damietta, Residents of Luxor, Residents of Samalout Continued on next page

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Page 5 of Table 283 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Rickshaw drivers, U.S. President George W. Bush, Victims of deadly rockslide, Wives and children of detained Muslim Brotherhood members 2012 - 2014 Islamist protesters Doctors, Judiciary, Workers 1990 - 1990 Masked guerillas Civic authorities, Israeli tourists 2004 - 2006 Monotheism and Holy War 2004 - 2005 Theian Movement for Change, Sudanese refugees, United Nations High a.k.a. the Kefaya (Enough) move- Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) ment 2010 - 2012 Citizens 2000 - 2015 Civilians 1992 - 2007 Egyptian citizens 2001 - 2001 Al-Nabaa newspaper, Unemployed grad- uates, United States and its NATO allies 1999 - 1999 Armed assailant, Central Bank employ- ees, Muslim extremists, Serbs 1996 - 2013 Armed men, Villagers 2000 - 2002 Bank robbers, Motorists 1996 - 2012 Bedouins 2009 - 2013 Christians, Quarry workers 1999 - 2013 Coptic Christian priest 1999 - 2012 Coptic Christian villagers 1990 - 2014 Coptic Christians 2002 - 2002 Deceased head of the Muslim Brother- hood, Mustafa Mashhir 1991 - 1995 Egyptian journalists 1990 - 1998 Egyptian Muslim citizens 1998 - 2005 Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR) 1991 - 1991 Egyptian university students, Iraqi gov- ernment, Iraqis 2000 - 2001 Egyptian villagers 2000 - 2010 Factory workers 1997 - 2012 Farmers 1992 - 2009 Foreign tourists 2004 - 2010 Human rights activists 2011 - 2015 Islamists, Soldiers 2000 - 2013 Israel, Security forces 2000 - 2014 Journalists 1999 - 2014 Lawyers 1998 - 1999 Local property 1996 - 2000 Management 1990 - 1992 Muslim fundamentalists 1995 - 2012 Muslim villagers 2004 - 2013 Muslims, Tourists, United States 1998 - 1998 Nasser Social Bank, Potters, artisans 1997 - 1997 Newspaper owners and employees 2005 - 2011 Opposition activists 1998 - 2013 Soccer fans, Taxi drivers 1996 - 2014 Students 1994 - 2012 Textile workers 1998 - 2012 U.S. government 1994 - 2008 University students 2005 - 2015 Unknown assailants 2009 - 2011 Unknown bombers 2010 - 2015 Women

188 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.13 Eritrea (1993-2013)

Table 284: Eritrea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1998 Ethiopian government 2012 - 2012 Ethiopian National Defense Force, Military 1993 - 2013 Government 2004 - 2004 Police 1997 - 2003 EIJM - AS 1993 - 1993 EPLF 2010 - 2010 Red Sea Afars Democratic Organi- sation 1999 - 2004 Citizens 2009 - 2009 Civilians 2003 - 2003 Aid workers 2002 - 2002 Detained journalists 2013 - 2013 Political leaders 2010 - 2013 Soldiers 1999 - 1999 Students 2000 - 2000 United Nations 1998 - 2001 University students 2003 - 2009 Unknown attackers

189 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.14 Ethiopia (1964-2015)

Table 285: Ethiopia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 1994 Alternative Council of the US diplomats Forces of Peace and Democracy 1996 - 1996 ARDUF French researcher, German tourist, Italian colonialists 2013 - 2013 Blue Party opposition group Attackers, Austrian tourists, Bus, Eritrean Refugees, Saudi Arabia 1990 - 2014 central government students 2012 - 2015 Central Government, Police Unknown 2006 - 2006 city officials Anuak militants, Borena clan, Christians, Foreign embassy staff, Guji clan, Islamic youth, Marehan clan, market traders, Suleiman clan, truckers 2005 - 2005 Coalition for Unity and Oromo ethnic group, Somali ethnic Democracy, Ethiopian People’s group Revolutionary Democratic Front, government officials, pro-government supporters 2011 - 2011 Eritrean government, Eritrean exiles Government-sponsored march 1964 - 2015 Government 2012 - 2012 Military Rebels Borana Tribe, Garri Tribe 2010 - 2010 Ogaden National Liberation Foreign oil workers, Opposition Front, Opposition party ac- candidate, Soldiers, Unknown tivists bombers, Unknown gunmen 2002 - 2002 opposition party members, re- Foreigners, Nuer tribe, refugee gional government camps, Shuluk tribe, South African tourists 1999 - 2006 police 1992 - 1992 Zenawi supporters Mariam government ethnic Somali clan 1995 - 1999 al-Itahad al-Islami 2008 - 2008 Al-Itihad Al-Islamiya 1989 - 1989 ALF 1991 - 1991 Amhara militia, Oromo militia, anti-war demonstrators, bank work- rebel government ers, Issa militia 1991 - 2000 demonstrators 1964 - 1976 EPLF 1987 - 1998 OLF 1994 - 2004 ONLF 2015 - 2015 Oromo protesters Eritrea Immigrants, Mosque 2006 - 2015 protesters 2010 - 2012 Citizens 1997 - 2008 Civilians 2014 - 2014 civilians unidentified gunmen 2002 - 2004 Anuak tribe 2000 - 2000 Armed men, Doctors without Bor- ders, journalists, voters 2002 - 2013 Bandits 2007 - 2007 Borana tribe, Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Gabra tribe, university of- ficials 1993 - 1993 college students, former indepen- dence fighters 1995 - 1995 Egyptian Pres. Hosni Mubarak 1996 - 1998 Ethiopians 1997 - 1997 Foreign tourists 2006 - 2010 Gunmen 2004 - 2004 highlandns 2013 - 2014 Muslim protesters 2006 - 2012 Muslims 2004 - 2008 opposition supporters 1998 - 2005 taxi drivers 1993 - 2000 United Nations 1995 - 2005 unknown 1994 - 2010 Unknown attackers 2001 - 2001 women

190 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.15 Gabon (1990-2015)

Table 286: Gabon Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2009 Andre Mba Obame, Defense Bongo Must Go, Bruno Ben Conasysed (teacher’s union), Elec- minister Ali Ben Bongo, Pro- Moubamba toral commission, Go Africa TV Pierre Mamboundou support- channel, Masked gunmen, Prison- ers ers, SYNAPS (public health sector union) 2013 - 2013 Anti-riot police Association for the Fight against Ritual Crimes, Oil refinery employ- ees, Oil tanker, Pirates, Sogara re- finery, Sylvia Bongo Ondimba 1990 - 2008 central government air traffic controllers 2015 - 2015 Central Government, Police Jean Ping Benin’s embassy in, Teachers’ Union, Youths 1998 - 1999 civil servants 1995 - 1995 Friends of Bongo Movement French government 1999 - 2014 Government 2005 - 2005 Pierre Mamboundou, opposi- youths tion leader 2004 - 2004 police unknown, villagers 1994 - 1994 Rev. Mba Abessole, opposition rioters Air-Gabon workers, trade union leader members, troops 2006 - 2006 secutiry forces Gabonese People’s Union 1990 - 1990 anti-government rioters unemployed people 2006 - 2008 demonstrators 2008 - 2008 protesters ASECNA, doctors, French non- governmental groups, oil workers, Shell Company 2009 - 2013 Protesters 1999 - 1999 Rebels 2012 - 2012 Armed men, Enough is Enough, National Communications Council, National Union, Omar Bongo Uni- versity, TV+ Station 2011 - 2011 Conasysed leaders, ONEP oil work- ers union, Supporters of the oppo- sition 2001 - 2001 hired thugs, Mouila residents 2010 - 2010 Municipal workers, National Organ- isation of Petroleum Employees 2014 - 2014 Opposition 1993 - 2005 opposition supporters 2012 - 2015 Opposition Supporters 1991 - 1991 soccer fans, workers, Zairean soccer team and fans 1990 - 2005 students 2010 - 2014 Students 1991 - 2003 teachers 2008 - 2013 Teachers 2000 - 2000 university professors 1998 - 1998 voters 1993 - 1993 youth

191 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.16 Gambia (1994-2014)

Table 287: Gambia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 Alliance for Patriotic Reori- entation and Reconstruction Party (ruling party), United Democratic Party supporters (opposition) 2002 - 2014 Government 1994 - 1994 Military (Provisional Council Junta led by Lt. Yayah Jammeh, of the Armed Forces), Presi- Military dent Sir Dawda Jawara 2012 - 2012 National Intelligence Agency Gambia Press Union 2003 - 2003 Police Gambian football fans, Opposition leader Lamin Waa Juwara, Sene- galese immigrants 2000 - 2007 Police Forces 2015 - 2015 Security Force Members, Yahya Enviromental activists, Sand min- Jammeh ing businesses 2013 - 2013 Security officials Journalist 2007 - 2007 Gambian citizens 2002 - 2004 Gambia Bar Association 2000 - 2000 Gambia Students Union 2004 - 2004 Gambian independent media, Liberian refugees, United Nations office 2014 - 2014 Soldiers

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193 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.17 Ghana (1991-2015)

Table 288: Ghana Page 1 of Table 288 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 Central Government, New Pa- Doctors, Prisoners, Slum dwellers, triotic Party (NPP) Unidentified man, Unidentified peo- ple, Workers, Yvonne Nelson 1999 - 1999 Five opposition parties Ashanti Goldfields management, Ashanti Goldfields workers, Ashanti king, Christian Fanti soccer fans, Guards of a chieftancy faction, Ju- nior paramedics, Muslim Zongo soc- cer fans, Students Representative Council, Teachers and Educational Workers Union, University of, Uni- versity of president, Villagers 1991 - 2008 Government 2012 - 2012 Government Forces, NPP Of- Election, Rowlings Park shopping fice, NPP Supporters area, Unknown Attackers 2000 - 2000 Government supporters, NDC Protesters Ashanti Goldfields mine, Ghana militants, NDC militants Union Traders Association (Kusasis), NPP militants, (GUTA), Illegal mineworkers, NPP militants (Mamprusis), Polling station, Supreme Court, NPP supporters University Teachers’ Association of (UTAG) 2009 - 2009 Incumbent supporters 1996 - 1996 Local government, Supporters Ashanti tribespersons, Brong of President Jerry Rawlings’ youths, Taxi drivers National Democratic Congress, Supporters of the Grand Al- liance coalition of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and the People’s Convention Party (PCP) 2008 - 2008 NDC supporters, NPP mili- Ballot registration, Electoral Com- tants (alleged) mission headquarters, Kwesi Pratt 2001 - 2015 Police 1997 - 1997 Policemen Air traffice controllers, Alleged pe- nis shrinkers, Diamond miners 1995 - 1995 Vice-President Kow Arkaah’s Alliance for Change, Civil Servants National Convention Party Association, Dagombas, Kokombas, (NCP) Nanumbas, Konkombas, Methodist Christians, Muslim radicals, Na- tional Union of Students, Public Sector Workers Union, Referee 1998 - 1998 Village chieftan Nano Abiabo Armed mob, Foreigners (Liberians, Nigerians), Journalists, Junior doc- tors, University, University admin- istration 2001 - 2001 Youth wing of former military Ga youth Christ Apostolic Church, Families ruler Jerry Rawlings’ National of soccer fans, Hospitals Democratic Congress party 1992 - 1992 Opposition protesters Ghanans, Gonjas, Nawuris, Nurses at the Korle Bu teaching hospital 2002 - 2003 Abudu clan (Dagomba ethnicity), Andani clan (Dagomba ethnics) 1997 - 1998 Al-Sunni Muslims, Angry mob, Ti- janiya Muslims 1991 - 1991 Association of Financial Institu- tions workers, Gonja tribesmen, Nawuri tribesmen, NUGS (National Union of Students), Secondary school students, Togolese govern- ment, Togolese students, Twarka Secondary School 2013 - 2013 Bandits, Chinese miner, Gold field workers, Gold Fields company 2002 - 2002 Ghana Airways, Ghana Airways pi- lots 1994 - 1994 Independent Media Corporation of (IMCG), Nanumbas, University of, the University of Science and Tech- nology, and the University of Cape Coast students 2003 - 2003 Jerry Rawlings 1994 - 1995 Kokombas, University of, the Uni- versity of Science and Technology, and the University of Cape Coast lecturers 2001 - 2008 Kusasi militants, Mamprusi mili- tants 2000 - 2009 Opposition supporters 1995 - 2001 Soccer fans Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 288 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 1993 Staff of’s Cocoa Marketing Board (COCOBOD) 1999 - 2000 Universities 1995 - 1999 University students 2004 - 2008 Unknown

195 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.18 Guinea (1991-2015)

Table 289: Guinea Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 Alpha Conde, Central Govern- Opposition movement, Unidentified Camara, African Cup of Nations, ment, Prison Governor, Riot protesters Asmaou Barry, Celestino Okenve, Police, Supporters of Alpha Guinian soccer organizers, Home Conde soccer team fans, Lawmakers, Op- position group, Prisoners, Res- idents of Dar-es-Salaam, Soccer fans, Supporters of Sadio Diallo 2007 - 2007 Army soldiers Guinean lawyers, Guinean youths, Total, Traders 2014 - 2014 central government, opposition youth protesters angry crowd, angry mob, Conakry party, police residents, crowd of locals, doctors, health delegation (including health officials and journalists), health workers (including regional hospi- tal and UNICEF workers), market stall workers, MSF/Doctors with- out Borders, MSF/Doctors with- out Borders clinic, Rainbow party headquarters, Red Cross burial team, secondary school students, villagers, youths 2004 - 2004 Democratic Forces of Party 1991 - 2013 Government 2013 - 2013 Government supporters, Rally Anti-government demonstrators, Civilians Angry youths, Attackers, Automo- of then People party, Security Demonstrators, Rock throwing bile spare parts salesmen, Food forces, UFDG party, Union of protesters sellers, Funeral mourners, Guerze Democratic Forces of tribe, Konianke tribespeople, Men in uniform, Neighborhoods, Oppo- sition activist supporters, Polling station, Privately-owned radio sta- tions, Radio station, Voters, Young citizen 2011 - 2011 Military forces, President Al- Bauxite miners, Bollore, Guinea pha Conde, Regional authori- Bauxite Company, Kpeles, Ma- ties, UFDG linkes, Port worker’s union 2009 - 2009 Opposition candidate, Presi- Dadis Must Go Movement African Union, Banker, Court per- dent Camara sonnel, Ghana ambassador, Troops, United Nations 1998 - 2015 Police 1998 - 1998 Political supporters of the President 2012 - 2012 Rally forn People Headquarters Opposition Protesters Crime, Election Corruption, Election Officials, Electoral Commission, Electricity/water outages, Football match power outages, Friguia Refinery Employ- ees, Guinean Bauxite Company, Kissien, Malinke, Peul, Rusal, Teacher Firing, Vale Mining Company, Waymark, Women 2006 - 2006 Regional government Electric company, Guinean- Lebanese citizens, Guinean miner’s wives, Israel 2010 - 2010 Ruling party supporters Guerze Christians, Malinke Mus- lims, Peul Christians, Toure sup- porters 2013 - 2015 Supporters of Cellou Dalein Di- allo 2012 - 2013 Protesters 1996 - 1996 Rebel soldiers 2000 - 2000 RFDG Gunmen, UN employee 1993 - 2010 Citizens 2002 - 2013 Armed men 2008 - 2008 Doctors, Mining company 1999 - 1999 Healthcare professionals 2009 - 2010 Lawyers 1998 - 2013 Opposition supporters 2012 - 2015 Opposition Supporters 1993 - 1993 Polling stations 2001 - 2001 Secondary school students 2008 - 2013 Soldiers 2004 - 2012 Students 1991 - 2003 Teachers 2011 - 2012 Villagers 2009 - 2013 Youths

196 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.19 Guinea-Bissau (1995-2014)

Table 290: Guinea-Bissau Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 army headquarters faction of separatist Casamance civil rights groups, judges, opposi- movement, Ninja soldiers, rival fac- tion members, union members tion of separatist Casmance move- ment 1995 - 2008 central government 2003 - 2006 civil servants 2012 - 2012 Colonel Samba Diallo, Mili- Junta, Military Coup, Pansau Guinea Bissau National Workers’ tary, Red Beret Barracks, Rul- N’Tchama, Protesters Union, National Elections Commis- ing Party HQ sion, Youth Activits 1998 - 2011 Government 2005 - 2005 government buildings, police, Yala supporters armed men, none, Yala protesters, Sanha supporters, Vieira sup- Yala rivals, youth porters 2006 - 2006 government workers industrial workers, nurses, public workers 2000 - 2004 military 2009 - 2009 Military chief of staff Batiste Former prime minister Jose Fadul, Tagme na Waie, Mili- Political opponents tary forces, President Joao Bernardo Vieira, Presidential militia 2011 - 2011 Opposition parties, Police, Guinean Consumer Association, President Malam Bacai Sanha Health workers, Taxi drivers union 2010 - 2010 Prime Minister Citizens 1997 - 2003 state employees 2003 - 2003 coup supporters utility workers 2003 - 2005 former Pres. Yala 2000 - 2000 insurgents Balantes, Mandinges 1998 - 1998 Military Junta for the Consolida- tion of Democracy, Peace and Jus- tice 2007 - 2007 protesters 2014 - 2014 lawmaker from PAIGC party 2013 - 2013 Mob, Suspected kidnappers 1995 - 2001 National Workers’ Union members 1999 - 2014 soldiers 2010 - 2011 Soldiers 2001 - 2005 students 2001 - 2008 teachers 1999 - 1999 youths

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198 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.20 Kenya (1990-2015)

Table 291: Kenya Page 1 of Table 291 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2003 - 2006 Administration University Lecturers 2015 - 2015 Army, Army Base, Governor, protesters Athletics, Boniface Mwangi, Con- Local MPs, Mohamed Barre servationists, Detective, Evangeli- Abdullahi, MP George Muchai cal Alliance of, Garissa University, Illegal alcohol brewers, John Ke- lai, Mall, Pastor Henry Ondiek, Pokot people, Pokot village, Profes- sional Athletes Association, Prop- erty Developer, Salah Abdu Sheikh, School Children, Turkana people, Unknown Gunmen, Unknown Man, Yumbis village 2002 - 2002 Border patrol, KANU Party, Taliban (uses the name, but not the Courts, Homeowners, International NARC Party, President Moi, Afghan group) Organization for Migration, Israeli Pro-government groups, Rain- tourists, Kenyan African National bow Alliance, Supporters of Union candidate, Labor rally, Law Masoud Mwahima, Transport Society of, Minibus driver, Oppo- ministry sition Supporters, Political Parties, The Army of Palestine, Ugandan cattle raiders, United Nations, Vot- ers 2012 - 2012 Central Government, Election Al-Shebab Sympathizers Borena, Doctors, Foreign Aid Officials, Military Workers, Gabra, Health workers, Islamists, Legislators, Minibus Drivers, Mombasa Republican Council, Nomadic Tribes, Parents, Pokomo, Samburu, Schools, Sex Workers, Suspected Terrorists 2006 - 2006 City council security officials Christian radio station, Climate Network Africa, Danish Em- bassy, Dongiro, Ethiopian raiders, Ethiopian gunmen, Ethiopian raiders, Forole village, Human rights activists, Industrialized Countries, Muslim Extremists, Nomadic tribes, Oserian farm, Samburu tribe, Squatters, Street vendors, United Business Associa- tion, Vendors 2014 - 2014 Coalition for Reform and Al-Shabab recruits, al-Shebab, al- Bar, Bukusu ethnic group, Egyp- Democracy, Military guard, Shebab gunmen tian embassy, Evangelical church, Police vehicles, Policemen, Foreign visitors, Government Pro-government youth, Secu- of Uganda, Islamic extremist rity forces bombers, Kenya’s National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Com- mission, Kisauni residents, Masjid Musa mosque, Men, Minaa mosque, Muslim cleric Abubaker Shariff Ahmed, Muslim cleric Mohamed Idris, Opposition, Quarry workers, Soweto slum, Suspected Islamists, Turkana men, Unions, Unknown assailants, Wildlife conservation center, Woman, Women, Women deputies 1992 - 1992 Democratic Party, Election of- Islamic Party of supporters Bukusu tribe, Foreign tourists, ficials, Forum for the Restora- Kalenjin tribesmen, Luo workers, tion of Democracy, President Political factions, Sabaot tribe, Un- Daniel Arap Moi, Supporters of employed youth, voters, Women hu- Matiba, Supporters of Odinga man rights activists 2001 - 2001 Democratic Party supporters, Armed youth, Kenyan Muslims, KANU Youth, KANU youths, Kiosk owners, Marakwets, Trans- Mombassa police, Traffic police port operators, Werdei, Western governments, Zanzibar refugees 2003 - 2008 Education Ministry Turkana tribesmen 1998 - 1998 Finance Ministry, Pro- Anti-government tribes (esp. Al-Qaeda, All-Banks Shopstewards government tribes (esp Kalen- Kikuyu) Union, Belgian tourists, Ethiopian jin), Supporters of Kenneth Borans (tribe), Greenbelt move- Matiba ment, Karamojong, Kenya Human Rights Association, Kenya Plan- tation and Agrigultural Workers Union, Kenya Tea Development Au- thority, Kenya Union of Small Scale Tea Owners, Labor, student, op- position groups, Pakot tribe, Ri- val parties, State-run sugar factory, Students at University of Nairobi, Sugar factory employees, Tea Pro- ducers, United States Embassy Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 291 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997 - 1997 FORD members, government, Dasenetch tribe, Herdsmen, Mar- Health ministry, KANU mem- ket vendors, Mourners, Nurses, op- bers, KANU Youth wing, position, Opposition leaders, Pro- National Convention Assemby, democracy group, Rail company, Opposition candidate Charity Rail workers, Reformist groups, Ngilu, Rival KANU members, Students at Nairobi University, Supporters of Charity Ngilu, University officials presidential candidate 1993 - 2001 FORD party 1995 - 1995 FORD party members, Riot February 18 Resistance Army Italian tourists, Kenya Human police Rights Commission, Kenyatta Uni- versity officials, Kikuyu refugees, Kipsigi gang, Luo refugees, Nu- bians, Opposition figures 1992 - 1995 FORD supporters 1991 - 1991 Forum for the Restoration of Bank workers, Banks, Catholic Democracy in School Boys, Catholic School Girls, Dockworkers, Kenya African Na- tional Union offices, Kenya Port Authority, Pro-democracy youths, Several rival ethnic groups (Kikuyu, Luo, Luhya, Kisii), Students at Polytechnic 2005 - 2005 General Service Unit, Jus- Anti-government protesters Anti-globalization NGOs, Environ- tice Ministry, Local Police, mental Activists, Ethiopian cat- Magistrates, Minister Musikari tle rustlers, Fishermen, G-8 sum- Kombo mit, Gabra clan, Hospital work- ers, Kenyan clan, Kenyan pastorial- ists, Luhya farmers, Maasai, Maasai tribe, Murule Clan, NGOs, Oppo- nents of constitutional reform, Pas- toralists, Pokot Tribesmen, Private developers, Sogea-Satom (French construction firm), Somali clan, Sonjo tribe, Supporters of consti- tutional reform, Traders, Union of Civil Servants, World Trade Orga- nization 1990 - 2015 Government Students 1999 - 1999 Government officials, KANU American tourists, Churces, Cof- fee growers, Didinga refugees, Eth- nic rivals, Kenya National Irri- gation Board, Kenya Polytechnic Students, Land developers, Mus- lim mosque, National Examinations Council, Orengo supporters, rival coffee growers 1992 - 1998 KANU supporters Manyattas 2007 - 2007 Kibaki supporters, Kibaki Sup- Sabaot Land Defence Forces (sus- African nations, Another man, porters, Odinga Supporters, pected) Anti-globalization activists, Man, Party of National Unity Sup- Muslim Human Rights Forum, Sher porters, Pro-government thugs, Agencies, Tribal groups, Voter Raila Odinga and supporters 1998 - 2015 Local Government 2000 - 2000 Movement for Change party, Borana, Cattle herders, Garreh Parliament, Police station tribe, Market traders, Muslim demonstrators, Muslim Women, Soccer fans, Suspected child killers, witches, Unclear 1996 - 2013 Odinga supporters 1999 - 2000 Opposition MPs 1997 - 2004 Opposition parties Masai 2004 - 2004 Opposition Parties British farmer, Criminal gang, Electrical Workers, Kenya Electric- ity Generation Company 1992 - 1997 Opposition party members Kenya African National Union 2006 - 2012 Orange Democratic Movement 2013 - 2013 Paramilitary security unit offi- Occupy Parliament protesters, Or- Amnesty International worker, cer, Parliament candidate, Po- ganized protesters, Prime Min- Bomber, British ex-army officer, lice officers, Police post, Secu- ister Raila Odinga’s supporters, Casino, Cattle thieves, Church, rity guards Protester, Shebab insurgents, She- Civil rights activists, Crowd, bab militants Displaced people, Francis Atwoli, Gabbra clan, Garreh clan, Gun- man, Hotel patrons, International Criminal Court, Justice for Liz group, Market dwellers, Mentally ill patients, Mombasa Republic Council, Mosque, Muslim clerk, Muslim preacher, Opposition sup- porters, Orma villagers, Pokomo attackers, Pokomo villagers, Po- litical aspirant, Polling stations, Psychiatric hospital, Rendille tribe, Restaurant, School Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 291 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Shopping mall, Soldier, Somali neighborhood, Stone-throwing youths, Suspected terrorists, Town market, Unspecified, Vehicle passengers, Vote tally center 1991 - 2015 Police 1997 - 2013 Police officer 2004 - 2005 President Kibaki 1996 - 1996 Wamalwa supporters Airport officials, Displaced persons camp, Kenya Airline Pilots Asso- ciation, Nuer Refuges, Orma clan, Stagecoach ltd., UNHCR workers 2011 - 2011 Al-Shabaab British tourists, French tourists, Isiolo villagers, Merile, Samburu villagers, Spanish aid workers 2012 - 2015 Al-Shebab 2014 - 2015 Al Shabaab Buses 2013 - 2014 Angry protesters Attackers, Civil society activists, Restaurant 1992 - 1993 Islamic Party of Moslems 2005 - 2014 Protesters Garre clan 2007 - 2008 Sabaot Land Defence Force 2007 - 2014 Citizens Armed men 1999 - 2015 Civilians 2008 - 2008 Unknown civilians Catholic nuns, Electoral commi- sion workers, Merrile clan, National Council of Community Based Or- ganizations, Pokot cattle keepers, Pokot tribesmen, Prison workers, Raiders, Somali raiders, Turkana raiders, Witches 1996 - 2002 Air traffic controllers 2009 - 2009 Airline workers, Flower farmers, Is- raeli government, Massai pastoral- ists, Taxi drivers, Women’s Devel- opment Organization 1993 - 1994 Ajuran clan 1992 - 2008 Angry mob 1992 - 2013 Armed gang 1994 - 2005 Armed raiders 1997 - 2002 Arsonists, Kenya National Union of Teachers, Opposition groups 1995 - 2008 Bandits 2003 - 2003 Beer Drinkers, Export Processing Zones, Hired thugs, Kenya Brew- eries Ltd, Muslim Organizations, Students at Nairobi Polytechnic, Terror suspect, Textile Workers, United States Marines, Youth gang 2005 - 2013 Borana clan 2000 - 2013 Borana tribe 2013 - 2015 Bus, Village 1996 - 1998 Busdrivers 1992 - 2006 Cattle raiders, Ethnic Somalis 1996 - 2005 Cattle rustlers 2012 - 2014 Christians 1993 - 2014 Degodia clan 1993 - 1993 Digos, Ethnic Indians, Kenya National African Union, Masaai, Somali bandits, Somali Bandits, Sons of Liberty, UNICEF workers, United Moslems of Africa, Univer- sities, University Academic Staff Union 1996 - 1999 Dinka refugees 1997 - 1998 District commissioner, Kisii, Marakwet tribe 2001 - 2006 Ethiopian bandits 1999 - 2008 Farmers 2006 - 2007 Flower farm workers 1996 - 1997 Gangsters, Kenya Airways 2011 - 2014 Gunmen, Islamic militants 2000 - 2001 Israel 1997 - 2015 Journalists, Unknown 1991 - 2006 Kalenjins 1998 - 2005 Karamojong tribe, Pokot 1994 - 1994 Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Union 2010 - 2010 Kenyan villagers, Massai tribesmen, Motorcycle taxi drivers, Mungiki sect members, Saudi diplomat, So- mali insurgents, Suspected Somali insurgents 2002 - 2010 Kenyans 2005 - 2006 Kikuyu 1995 - 1998 Kikuyu villagers, Luo 1993 - 2008 Kikuyus Continued on next page 201 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 291 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 2006 Kipsigis 1991 - 1993 Luos 1995 - 2005 Maasai tribesmen 1995 - 2006 Maasai warriors 1990 - 2005 Merile tribesmen 1998 - 2003 Minibus drivers, Students at Moi University, Supreme Council ofn Muslims 1998 - 2007 Mob 2002 - 2008 Mungiki, Somali gunmen 2001 - 2010 Mungiki sect 1998 - 2012 Muslims 2002 - 2012 Orma 2001 - 2002 Pokomo farmers 1997 - 2014 Pokot tribe 1992 - 2007 Political parties 1990 - 1991 Pro-democracy activists 1999 - 2013 Refugees 1991 - 1995 Roman Catholics 2001 - 2003 Slum dwellers 2008 - 2009 Slum residents 2010 - 2015 Soldiers 1993 - 2000 Somalis 1996 - 2003 Sudanese refugees 2009 - 2015 Teachers 2001 - 2005 Toposa tribe 1992 - 2012 Turkana 2000 - 2006 Turkana tribe 1999 - 2002 Unidentified men 2001 - 2012 United States 1991 - 1998 University administration 1995 - 2014 Unknown gunmen 1990 - 2009 Villagers 2001 - 2014 Young men 1991 - 2013 Youths

202 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.21 Lesotho (1991-2015)

Table 292: Lesotho Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 All Basotho Convention, Democratic Congress, Lesotho Congress for Democracy, Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili 2008 - 2008 All Basotho Convention (three opposition parties) 1994 - 1994 Army faction, Deputy Prime King Letsie, Lesotho businessown- Minister Selomotsi Baholo, ers, Pro-democracy protesters Prime Minister Ntsu Mokhehle 1996 - 1996 Basotho National Party (BNP) Nurses union, Sacked workers at a and tribal chiefs national water project site 1998 - 1998 BCP supporters, Civil ser- Opposition protesters, Protesters Basotho herders, CGM Corpora- vants, LCD supporters, Loyal- tion, King Letsie III, Looters, Op- ist army faction, Military fac- position coalition, Opposition sup- tion, Parliament, Youth mem- porter, South African Defence Min- bers of BNP ister Joe Modise, South African sheep wrustlers, Unknown 1991 - 1991 Col. Elias Ramaema faction, Angry mob, South African-owned Junior military officer faction, store Maj. Gen. Justin Metsing Lekhanya faction, Parts of the army 1991 - 2008 Government 2014 - 2014 Kamoli’s replacement Lieu- Supporters of Lieutenant General tenant General Maaparankoe Tlali Kamoli Mahao, Lieutenant General Tlali Kamoli, Military, police, secretary Moahloli Mphaka 1995 - 1995 Lesotho security forces, Pro- King Moshoeshoe, Shops, Taxi Moshoeshoe protesters, Public drivers servants 2006 - 2006 Lesotho trade and industry Foreign Minister Monyane Moleleki minister’s home 1994 - 2014 Police 1997 - 1997 Police station, Royal Police Youthful opposition political lead- ers 2015 - 2015 Presidential Bodyguards Brigadier Maaparankoe Mahao 2009 - 2009 Prime Minister Gunmen 1999 - 1999 Prison 1998 - 1999 Opposition army faction 2006 - 2007 Armed gunmen 1992 - 1992 Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA), White farmers in South Africa 2002 - 2002 Cattle rustlers, Villagers 1998 - 2001 Clothing and Allied Workers’ Union 2003 - 2003 Factory Workers’ Union members, Lesotho Employers Association, University, University students 1995 - 2000 National soccer team 1998 - 2007 Opposition supporters 2007 - 2007 Senior political officials and body- guards 1998 - 2015 Soldiers 2000 - 2000 Teaching College, Teaching stu- dents

203 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.22 Liberia (1990-2015)

Table 293: Liberia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2006 central government 1996 - 1996 Charles Taylor Liberia Peace Council, Liberian Civilians Peace Council, ULIMO-K, ULIMO 2005 - 2005 civil servants, Ellen Johnson- George Weah, looters, UN peace- Sirleaf keepers, UN police, Unknown bombers, Weah supporters 2011 - 2012 Congress for Democratic Change 2011 - 2011 Congress for Democratic Change members, Opposition senator 1989 - 2015 Government (1989 - 2015) 2014 - 2014 government angry crowd, Ebola-hit community members, Ebola clinic, healthcare workers, legislature, nurses, quar- antined citizens, soldiers, police, widows, youth 2015 - 2015 Health Ministry, President protesters Butaw Youth Association, Ebola Center Workers, Esther Glain, Golden Petroleum (GVL), Jour- nalists, Medicine Sans Frontieres (MSF) workers, Teachers 1998 - 1998 Liberian secret police demobilized soldiers, forestry work- ers 2001 - 2005 local police 2002 - 2002 members of parliament Catholic church, Legislator Sando Johnson, Lofa county residents 2001 - 2001 Nigerian government international community, Nigeri- ans, school children, youths 1996 - 2014 police 2011 - 2015 Police 1997 - 1997 presidential candidates, sup- Armed men, Lutheran church, po- porters of Charles Taylor litical supporters, taxi and truck drivers 1999 - 1999 Joint Forces for the Liberation of European aid workers, residents of Voinjama, Sierra Leone refugees 2000 - 2000 Liberians United for Reconciliation Mano tribe and Democracy (LURD) 2004 - 2004 LURD leaders, LURD members, Ivory Coast Embassy, Liberian soc- MODEL members cer fans, Senegal soccer team, Sinoe Rubber Plantation, soldiers 2012 - 2013 Protesters 1995 - 2004 rebel groups 1996 - 1999 rebels 1996 - 1998 Roosevelt Johnson 1996 - 1997 ULIMO - J, ULIMO - K 1989 - 1996 National Patriotic Front of 1993 - 2006 civilians 1990 - 2010 Christians 2003 - 2003 civil war veterans, displaced people, ex-government soldiers, peacekeep- ing forces 1990 - 1990 descendents of the founders of, un- known 1995 - 1995 European Union 1997 - 2007 Firestone management 1997 - 1998 Firestone rubber plantation workers 1999 - 2006 former civil war fighters, students 2006 - 2006 former soldiers, widows of soldiers 2012 - 2012 Foya region residents, Leroy Archie Ponpon, Liberians, Sierra Leonean motorcyclist, Sierra Leoneans 1992 - 1992 Grand Bassa county citizens 2009 - 2009 Gunmen, Public Procurement and Concession Commission, Rubber workers 2004 - 2006 Ivory Coast refugees 1997 - 2000 Mandingo tribe 2004 - 2010 Muslims 2006 - 2007 rubber plantation workers 1995 - 2006 teachers 1996 - 2013 United Nations 2013 - 2013 United Nations civilian employees 2000 - 2003 United States 1994 - 2004 women

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205 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.23 Libya (1990-2015)

Table 294: Libya Page 1 of Table 294 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 166th Battalion, army, deputy Ansar al-Sharia militia, Fajr ware- activist, airport, Al-Bahi oil in- foreign minister Hassan al- houses, Islamic State (IS), Mokhtar stallation, Al-Sidra export ter- Sagheer, government air Belmokhtar, Mujahedeen Council minal, Algerian embassy, armed force, government armed of Dern, Mujahedeen Council of gang, armed residents, Benghazi, forces, government army, Derna, Shura Council of Darna’s Ji- boat traffickers, bomb, Car bomb, government forces, military, hadis Corinthia Hotel, Egyptian Cop- military checkpoints, police tic Christians, Emirati police of- headquarters, prime minis- ficer, Eni offices, gunmen, hospi- ter, pro-government fighters, tal workers, Iranian ambassador, pro-government forces, senior Islamist militants, Islamist mili- intelligence officer, Tripoli gov- tias, Italian oil workers, Italian ernment, Tripoli government trawler, Mabruk oil field, Mabruk forces, Tripoli government oil field, migrant smugglers, mi- helicopter, Tripoli parlia- grants, militia, militant groups, mi- ment, Tripoli prison, Tripoli grant smugglers, migrants, mili- Revolutionaries Brigade tia, militant groups, militants, mili- tia, militia checkpoints, Misrata, oil field, oil fields, oil tanker, peace ac- cords, port, prison, rockets, secu- rity chief, security personnel, Ser- bian embassy employees, ships off Benghazi, Sirte airport, South Ko- rean embassy, Spanish embassy, Tripoli-aligned forces, Tripoli au- thorities, Tunisian consulate em- ployees, Tunisians, Turkish cargo vessel, TV station, Zintan, US mil- itary, Zintan airport 2012 - 2012 Abdel-Hakim Belhaj, Ahmed Al-Asabia milita (Asbi’a), Al- Air traffic controllers, Al-Sarir oil Zubeir Senussi, Al-Fwihet po- Zawiyah rebels, Ansar al-Sharia field, Allied forces, Anti-federalists, lice station, Army, Benghazi and other Islamist militias, Armed Arab tribesmen, Armed group, security chief Fraj al-Dersi, De- protesters, Brigade 93, Federal armed men, Assad government, fense ministry forces, Govern- supporters led by Abdeljawad al- Bani Walid, Benghazi Medical ment ballots, Interior ministry Badin, Katibat al-Awfiya, Khadafi, Centre, bomb plotter, British brigade, Libya’s unified mili- Khadafi loyalists, Libya Shield diplomatic convoy, British jour- tary forces, Military tribunal, Brigade, Libya Shield, Ragdalein nalists and Libyan companions, National army, Police, Po- militia, Rebel militias, Saraya Captors, Catholic priest and nuns, lice headquarters, Prime Minis- Swehli militia, Tarhouna militia, Colonel Abdelkarim Mahfud, Cop- ter Mustafa Abu Shagur, Pro- The Martyrs Brigade of Gharyan, tic church, Darna residents, Darna government militia, The Al- Yefran and other militia security chief, Egyptian ruler liance for National Forces Hussein Tantawi, El-Manshisha tribe, Election officials, Elec- toral commission offices, Federal supporters, Federalists, Former Khadafi colonel, Former Khadafi officers, Former Khadafi official, Guards, Ghadames, Hardline Is- lamists, Hussam al-Raaid, former Khadafi officer, Hardline Islamists, Hussam al-Raaid, former Khadafi officer, International Committee of the Red Cross, Islamic fun- damentalists, Islamic terrorists, International Committee of the Red Cross, Justice and Construction Party, Khaled Abu Saleh , Libyans, Local militia, Militia, Misrata jour- nalists, Mistrata militia, National Transitional Council, Oil terminal, Omran Ben Shaaban, Partisans of Shariah, Polling station, Public prosecutor office, Public prosecutor office, Radical Islamists, Sahara Bank, Salafists, Save Benghazi, Security forces, Sheikh Abdullah al-Fussay, Students of University of Ghar Yunis, Sufi muslim shrines, Syrian National Council support- ers, Televisision station, Terrorists, Tribesmen, Tobu, Tripoli mili- tia, Tuareg tribesmen, Tunisian workers, U.S. diplomatic mission, UN convoy, Unidentified gunmen, Unknown, United States consulate, United Nations officials, Wadi Ahmar, Zawiyah demonstrators, Wadi Ahmar, Zintan rebels, Zwai, Zwara militia Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 294 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2013 Aide of Prime Minister Ali Zei- Al-Nassour militia, Ansar al-Sharia Civilians Al-Obaidi tribe, Al-Shourafa Tribe, dan, Air force chaplain, Air charity clinic, Ansar al-Shariah, American teacher, Ancient shrine, force Lieutenant Colonel, Air Libya Shield government militia, Angry residents, Apartment build- force officer, Air force vehicle, Nov. 9 movement, Operations Cell ing, Appeal court judge, Armed Army barracks, Army check- of Libyan Revolutionaries, Pro- assailant, Armed group, Armed point, Army colonel, Army Kadhafi fighters, Shield of Libya groups, Armed militiamen, Armed officer, City council, Deputy headquarters, Souk al-Joumma mob, Assailants, Attacker, At- intelligence chief, First In- militia, The Shield of Libya tackers, Benghazi city council, fantry Brigade, Foreign, In- Berber community, Berber minor- terior, Justice and Finance ity, Berber protesters, Bomber, Ministries, General National Braghtha tribe members, Caf , Congress guards, Interior Min- Cars, Church, Council official, istry, Justice Ministry, Libyan Criminals, Disabled former rebels, air force commander, Libyan Doctor, Egyptian consulate, Egyp- air force officer, Libyan army tian Coptic church, Electoral offi- colonel, Libyan army officer, cial, Electrical power plant man- Libyan army special forces, ager, Ex-rebel brigade headquar- Libyan Muslim Brotherhood, ters, Ex-rebel protesters, Ex-spy Libyan security forces, Libyan chief’s daughter, Extremists, Fair- special forces, Lt. Col. ground, Football club coach, For- Abdel-Salam al-Mahdawi, Mil- eigners, Former judge, Former po- itary, Military barracks, Mili- lice sergeant, Former police officer, tary base, Military Colonel and Former member of Kadhafi’s secu- his entourage, Military intel- rity services, Former security of- ligence official, Military offi- ficer, French consul, French em- cer, Military patrol, Military bassy, Funeral mourners, Greek em- post, Military units, Muslim bassy, Hospital, Hospital patient, Brotherhood official, Naval of- Islamic hard-liners, Islamists, Ital- ficer, Parliament, Party of Jus- ian consul, Italian embassy, Jour- tice and Construction, Police nalist, Jihadist office, Kidnappers, colonel, Police convoy, Police Knife-wielding protesters, Lawyer, officer, Police officers, Police Libyan soldier, Libyan Telecom and vehicle, Policeman, Policemen, Technology headquarters, Local ac- President of Libya’s national tivist, Masked gunmen, Mellitah assembly, Prime Minister, Pro- Gas complex, Masked gunmen, Mel- government militants, Senior litah Gas complex, Militants, Non- Naval Officer, Senior police of- governmental organization offices, ficer, Traffic policemen, Tripoli Officers in civilian clothes, Oil ex- city council port terminal workers, Oil field workers, Oil pipelines, Partisans of Islamic Law chief, Petrol industry security guard, Political activist, Polling center, Port official, Post of- fice, Prison, Public prosecutor, Ri- val tribe, Relatives of the 1996 Abu Slim jail massacre victims, Russian embassy, School, Security check- point , school, Security members, Security Service members, Senior officer, Senior Navy Officer’s son, Security Service members, Soldier, Special forces, Special forces pa- trol, Special forces soldier, Special forces soldiers, Swedish consulate, Supporters of the Political Isola- tion Law, Suicide bomber, Syrian refugees, Teachers, Television crew, Toubou tribe, Townspeople, Tribal chief, Tribe, Tripoli-based militia, Tunisian national carrier represen- tative, U.S. consulate, TV Station, Unarmed Libyan soldiers, Unspec- ified, Wershifana tribe, Zintanis, Zwai tribe Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 294 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2014 - 2014 air force officer, army chief Al-Saiqa special forces, anti- citizens activists, Al-Sharara oilfield, Abdessalam Jadallah al-Abidi, government protesters, anti- Alassema TV station, anti-Islamist army headquarters, army of- government protesters, armed activists, armed Islamists, Army ficer, General Abdelmajid al- groups (including Kadhafi support- of Islam, Awlad Suleiman tribe, Zwei, General Khalifa Haf- ers), Cyrenaica Defence Force, Fajr Benina air base, Berber organi- tar, General National Congress Libya (Dawn of Libya), February 17 zations, Border guards, British members, parliament, Gen- Martyrs Brigade, Gharyan militias embassy convoy, British main- eral National Congress, pro- (part of Fajr Libya), Haftar militia, tenance worker, British teacher government militias, govern- Ibrahim Jedron militia, Janzur David Bolam, Central Bank vehi- ment’s head offices, Hassan al- militia, Jihad leader Ali Ben Tahar, cles, chemical goods factor, food Droui (deputy minister for in- Jumaa al-Shahm followers, Kad- depot, port, migrant workers, civil- dustry), interim Prime Minis- hafi supporters, Khalifa Haftar’s ians (Islamist location), Chinese ter Abdullah al-Thani, Interior militia, Operation Room of Libya’s construction engineer, Christian Minister/Deputy Prime Min- Revolutionaries, Operations Cell of Iraqi professor, civic groups, Cleric ister Seddik Abdelkarim, In- Libyan Revolutionaries, Fajr Libya, Slaeh Aharaka, Colonel Adem Faraj terior ministry unit, military pro-Fajr Libya demonstrators, al-Abdelli, commando, Commando academy, military intelligence Rafallah al-Sahati, rebels, Shabab Farag Abou Khosheim, constitution base, MP Abu Bakr Maddur, Al-Tawhid, Shura Council of Beng- drafting panel, Coptic Christian MP Mustafa Abushagur, Na- hazi Revolutionaries, Shura Council couple, courthouse, courthouse tional Army (Special Forces of Benghazi Revolutionaries (Ansar guards, Egypt, UAEEgyptian and army), parliament, police al-Sharia, February 17 Brigade and and foreign nationals, Egyptian officers, Police officers, police their businesses, Rafallah al-Sahati diplomat, Egyptian cultural at- station (Berses post), Prime militia), Shura Council of Islamic tach , Egyptian trucks, Egyptian Minister Abdullah al-Thani, Youth, Zintan’s al-Qaaqaa Brigade, Mohamed Ahmed Mohamed, Fil- interim government cabinet, Zintan’s Al-Sawaiq Brigade ipina nurse, Filipino construction Prime Minister Abdullah al- worker, former prosecutor gen- Thinni, Prime Minister Ahmed eral Abdelaziz al-Hasadi, former Miitig, Prime Minister Ali Zi- rebel chief Makhluf al-Ferjani, dan, pro-government militia- former soldier, French engineer man, pro-Haftar demonstra- Patrice Real, Gaddadfa tribe, tors, Special forces unit (pro- Han Seak-Woo (Head of Libya Haftar), state-backed militia, unit of Korea Trade-Investment Tripoli police chief Col. Mo- Promotion Agency), Indian doc- hammed Sweissi tor, intelligence officer Colonel Ibrahim al-Senussi Akila, citizens, Islamic militiamen, Islamic suicide bomber, Islamist militiamen, Is- lamist parliament members, Italian engineer Gianluca Salviato, Italian engineer Marco Vallisa, Italian telecommunications workers, Jor- danian ambassador Fawaz Aitan, journalist Meftah Bouzid (Moftah Abu Zeid), lawmakers, lawyer, lawyers, Libya International TV station, men, masked gunmen, military guard, Awlad Soliman tribe, military guard, Awlad Soli- man tribe, militiamen, militias, Morning Glory ship captain and crew, Nasseb Karnafa, National Oil Corporation, newspaper ed- itor’s child, Official TV station, plane carrying weapons, politi- cal activist Abdel-Moaz Banoun, polling station, polling stations, Portuguese embassy, pro-Islamist demonstrators, pro-Islamist militia, Professor Ali al-Takalbi, prose- cutor general, Red Cross worker Michael Greub, reporter Younes Ali Younes, restaurant, retired air force chief of staff general Ahmed Habib al-Mesmari, other security officials, Russian plane, Salwa Bugaighis’ guard, secular lawmak- ers, security forces, security officer, security officials, Sheikh Mansur Abdelkarim al-Baraassi, Sheikh Mansur Abdelkarim al-Baraassi, soldier, soldiers, special forces officers, special forces soldiers, suicide bomber, suicide bombers, suspected former rebels, Swiss ambassador’s house, Tawergha peo- ple, Tibesti hotel, Toubou people, Tunisian diplomat Al-Aroussi Kon- tassi, Tunisian embassy employee Mohamed Bencheikh, Tunisian journalist Sofiene Chourabi, TV station Al-Assima, Ukrainian doc- tor, UN offices, unidentified people, unknown gunmen, US embassy security guard, Women’s rights activist Salwa Bugaighis Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 294 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 2006 central government 1998 - 1998 Gadhafi Kurdish rebels Turkey 2013 - 2014 General National Congress, Soldiers, Tabu tribe, UAE embassy Parliament 1993 - 2013 Government 2014 - 2015 government, police station Fajr, Libya Shield Force civilians Egyptian Christians, Islamist mili- tia, journalists, kidnappers, un- known 1996 - 1996 Islamic Martyrs’ Movement, Libyan al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya anti-United States demonstrators, Libyan military Egypt, Islamist gunmen, Palestini- ans, prison gaurds 2011 - 2014 Libyan army Zintan militia 1993 - 1993 Military faction 2012 - 2013 Police station, Police stations Ansar al-Shariah Activists, Armed men, Courthouse, Demonstrators, Former rebels, Libyan soldiers, Militiamen, Mis- rata militiamen, Prisoners, Security patrol 2005 - 2005 Qadhafi supporters nurses and doctor accused of inject- ing the children 2011 - 2011 Al-Nidaa Brigade, Rebel forces, Amazigh Berbers, Libya, National Rebel militia Transition Council, Rojban fight- ers, Security services, Warshefana Brigade 2012 - 2015 Ansar al-Sharia Tripoli airport, Tunisians 1996 - 2011 Civilians 2006 - 2007 5 Bulgarian nurses and 1 Pales- tinian doctor 2000 - 2000 African workers 2002 - 2005 Bulgaria 2006 - 2006 criminal court, Italy, political pris- oners 1992 - 1998 demonstrators 1995 - 1995 Egyptian government, expelled Palestinians, Muslim opposition, opposition protesters 2002 - 2007 families of HIV infected children 1992 - 1992 governments supporting UN em- bargo resolution 1996 - 2013 Gunmen 1996 - 2015 Islamic militants 1996 - 2004 Israel 2003 - 2003 Kuwait, Saadi Gadhafi, Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz 1990 - 1990 Libyan demonstrators, pro-Iraqi supporters, West Germany 2000 - 2012 Libyans 2011 - 2013 Militias, Protesters 2013 - 2015 Misrata militia 2002 - 2002 Palestinian supporters 1996 - 2006 prisoners 1992 - 2015 protesters 1996 - 2003 soccer fans 2008 - 2008 Switzerland 2012 - 2014 Tunisian consulate, Unknown gun- men 1992 - 1995 UN 1998 - 2001 United Nations 1990 - 2012 United States

209 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.24 Madagascar (1990-2015)

Table 295: Madagascar Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2002 - 2002 AREMA activists, Forces Forces loyal to Marc Ravalo- French expatriots, Indian shop own- loyal to Didier Ratsiraka, manana, Soldiers loyal to Marc ers Government of President Di- Ravalomanana, Supporters of dier Ratsiraka, Government of opposition challenger Marc Ravalo- President Marc Ravalomanana, manana Government supporter, Gov- ernment supporters, Oppo- sition supporters of Marc Ravalomanana, Opposition supporters of Marc Ravalo- manana, Regional government, Soldiers loyal to Didier Rat- siraka, Supporters of rival president Didier Ratsiraka 2012 - 2012 Army, Army Officer Ravalomanana Supporters Antananarivo University, Cattle Rustlers, Cattle Thieves, Other Supporters, radio Free FM, Radio Free FM, Unknown Bomber, Vil- lagers 2004 - 2004 Army reservists, Madagascar University lecturers Magistrate’s Union (SMM) 1991 - 1998 Civil servants 2011 - 2011 Col. Fidimalala Rafaliarson 1990 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2015 government 2009 - 2009 Government organized demon- Andry Rajoelina Central Bank employees, Constitu- stration, Military forces, tional Court, Looters Pro-government demonstra- tors, Pro-Ravalomanana demonstrators, TIM party 2015 - 2015 military Ambatovy nickel mine, cattle rustlers, miners, soldiers 2014 - 2014 parliamentary police officers armed men, cattle thieves, Chinese- run sugar factory, hundreds of protesters, Jirama electricity and water company, man on foot, nearly 300 protesters, people at bus stop, Sucoma factory workers, villagers, young Malagasay men 2010 - 2012 Police 2010 - 2010 Prime Minister Ravalomanana supporters Citizens Mutinous soldiers 2001 - 2001 Supporters of president Didier Opponents of Didier Ratsiraka Ratsiraka 2005 - 2005 Supporters of the president 3FN 2000 - 2015 protesters 2009 - 2012 Protesters 1991 - 2009 Civilians 1996 - 1996 Agency for Aerial Navigation Secu- rity in Africa 2013 - 2013 Bernard Ratsimbazafy, the mur- derer of a local nun, European Tourists, Local protesting residents of Fort-Dauphin, Polling stations, Rio Tinto Mining Operation 1999 - 1999 Concert-goers, Concert officials 1990 - 1990 Dissidents 2002 - 2009 France 1991 - 1991 Lifeblood Committee, Lifeblood Committee Supporters 2000 - 2009 Opposition protesters 2006 - 2012 Opposition supporters 1992 - 2010 Soldiers 2006 - 2006 Unknown 2009 - 2011 Unknown bombers

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211 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.25 Mali (1990-2015)

Table 296: Mali Page 1 of Table 296 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 African Solidarity for Democ- Ansar Dine, Military faction (Red Gao Residents, Christian and Muslim Demonstra- racy and Independence Berets), Junta, MNLA, MUJAO, Women tors, ECOWAS, ECOWAS meet- (SADI), Military, Military Rebels, The Popular Movement of ing, Islamists, Journalists, Mus- Wives, Ministers, Political March Gao Residents, Women lim Preachers, Northernans, Swiss Parties, President Traore, Woman, Yere Wolo Ton Prime Minister, Security Forces, Soldier’s families, United Front for the Protec- tion of Democracy and the Republic (FUDR) 2013 - 2013 Anti-Tuareg Mob, Anti-Tuareg Anti-government activist, Azawad Civilians, Civilians of Arab store owners, Blackans, In- protesters, French Air Force, National Liberation Movement, Na- Kidal, Gao residents, ternational Peacekeepers, Islamist French Forces, French ground tional Movement for the Libera- Malian Civilians Militants, Joint Peacekeeping troops, French Peacekeep- tion of Azawad, National Move- Forces, Malian looters, Residents ers, Government supporters, ment for the Liberation of the Aza- of Kidal, Tuareg man Malian Government, Malian wad, The Arab Movement of Aza- Red Beret’s, Malian Soldiers, wad , Toure Paratroopers, Tuareg Malian Troops protesters, Tuareg Rebels 2011 - 2011 France Foreign tourists, Al Qaeda, Armed gang, Armed French tourists men, Gunmen, School pupils 2014 - 2014 French army base, French army Al-Mourabitoune suicide bomber, Tuareg civilians al-Qaeda–linked extremists, armed camp, French Embassy, French Amadou Sanogo, High Council fighters, Chadian MINUSMA forces, French legionnaire De- for the Unity of Azawad, Iyad peacekeepers, former President jvid Nikolic, Lieutenant Mo- Ag Ghaly, jihadist suicide bomber Alpha Oumar Konare , Islamist hamed Ouattara, Malian sol- (from either AQIM, MUJAO or militants, militant Islamists, MI- diers, military camp, Prime Ansar Dine), militiamen, Move- NUSMA camp, MINUSMA peace- Minister Moussa Mara ment for Oneness and Jihad in keeper, MINUSMA peacekeepers, West Africa, NMLA, Omar Ould Norwegian Refugee Council hu- Hamaha, suicide bomber, Tuareg manitarian workers, Peul me, Red National Movement for the Liber- Cross workers, Sidati Ag Baye, UN ation of Azawad (NMLA), Tuareg peacekeepers, unidentified men, National Movement for the Lib- unknown attackers, youths eration of Azawad (NMLA), High Council for the Unity of Azawad, Arab Movement of Azawad 2006 - 2006 French government Tuareg rebels Denmark newspapers, Malian fuel workers, Malian Muslims 2015 - 2015 French special forces, French Al-Mourabitoun, Al-Qaeda in the civilian armed groups, demonstrators, gun- troops, military, military bar- Islam Maghreb (AQIM), Al-Qaeda man, gunmen, haulier, imam, Inter- racks, military base, mili- in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), national Red Cross truck, jihadists, tary police, military police Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb kidnappers, militant, MINUSMA base, military vehicle, po- (AQIM), Coordination for the base, mob, Songhai, teenagers, Tu- lice, police post, police sta- Movements of Azawad (CMA), areg workers, UN barracks, UN tion, pro-government civilians, Coordination of Movements of base, UN convoy, UN residence, UN pro-government fighters, pro- Azawad (CMA), Imghad and Allies troops, UN vehicle government militia Tuareg Self-Defence Group (GA- TIA), Macina Liberation Front, Macina Liberation Front (FLM), National Movement for the Liber- ation of Azawad (NMLA), rebel fighters, separatist fighters, Tuareg separatists 1990 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2015 government Al-Murabitoun, Movement for One- civilians militants, unknown ness and Jihad in West Africa (MU- JAO), protesters, terrorists 2011 - 2015 Malian army 1997 - 1997 Opposition parties Electric power workers, Rival ethnic groups 2011 - 2012 Police Protesters 1991 - 2008 Regional government 1991 - 2012 Soldiers 2010 - 2014 Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb 2012 - 2015 Ansar Dine 2007 - 2007 ATNMC Rebels Tunisian football fans and players 1994 - 1994 FIAA Rebels 1990 - 1990 MPA Rebels 1991 - 2001 Touareg rebels 1991 - 2010 Citizens 2001 - 2001 Citizns Diandioumbera, World Bank 2003 - 2003 Muslim citizens Rival ethnic group 1992 - 2001 Tourists 1991 - 1997 Villagers 2009 - 2011 Al-Qaeda 2010 - 2010 Belgian aid workers, Ivory Coast Embassy, Mauritanian troops, Minibus drivers, Ouattara support- ers, Timbuktu tribe Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 296 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2009 British government, High Islamic Council 2004 - 2004 Disabledans 2002 - 2002 Dogon youths, Peuhl herders 1999 - 1999 Kunta Muslim hermits, Rival Arab ethnic group 2005 - 2005 Malian cotton workers, Togo foot- ball fans 2005 - 2007 Malian football fans, Malian jour- nalists 2008 - 2008 Malian students 2000 - 2000 Malian teachers 1991 - 1991 Malian women, Tuareg workers 1999 - 2007 Malian workers 1998 - 1998 Paris-Dakar participants, Studens 1993 - 2012 Students 2012 - 2014 Tuaregs

213 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.26 Malawi (1990-2015)

Table 297: Malawi Page 1 of Table 297 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1999 Alliance for Democracy sup- Opposition protesters Opposition supporters porters 2001 - 2001 Bamanai Zgambo, a rul- Brian Ligomeka, 29, a reporter ing party lawmaker, Malawi for the weekly Mirror newspaper, Congress Party (MCP), Na- Doctors, Lilongwe Water Board tional Democratic Alliance management, Lilongwe Water (NDA), NDA supporters, UDF Board workers, Makwngwala vil- militants lagers, Management, Matcheleza villagers, Muslim leader Sheik Abdul Hamid Bughdad el-Banna, Professor Wiseman Chijere Chirwa, Railway workers, Schoolteachers, Soccer fans, Sudi Adaki Sulaimana, 33, Colvin Kaumira, 44, Moses Bwanali, 32, and Nelson Psyontha, 35 1993 - 1993 City council staff, City govern- Hospital, Junior hospital staff, Lon- ment, United Democratic Front rho multinational, Looters, Stores, (UDF), Young Pioneers (gov- Sugar factory employees, Workers ernment paramilitary youth or- at’s state electricity supply firm ganization) 2002 - 2002 City officials, MAFUNDE Forum for the Defence of the Blantyre Newspapers, Catholics, party Constitution (FDC), Gwanda Community debate, High court, Chakuamba, MCP leader High court employees, International buyers, Tobacco farmers 1993 - 2005 Civil service employees 2006 - 2006 DPP supporters Human rights groups 1992 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2014 government opposition activists, protesters demanding recount, rally goers, schoolchildren, teachers, voters 1994 - 1994 Home Affairs Minister Gwanda Asian-owned shops, Shop assis- Chakuamba, UDF partisans tants, Teachers Union of 2013 - 2013 Malawi Civil Servants, Malawi School Pupils Government 1995 - 1995 Malawi Congress Party Anti-Banda demonstrators, Former Former political exiles, Primary (Banda) supporters president Kamuzu Banda, Kamuzu schoo teachers, Primary school stu- Banda dents 1998 - 1998 MCP-owned newspaper Former presidential bodyguards Local businesses, Malawi Congress of Trade Unions (MCTU), The Daily Times office, UDC militants 2002 - 2003 MCP faction, NDA militants 1995 - 2001 MCP supporters 1999 - 1999 Members of parliament Eritrean undocumented immigrant, Immigration officials, Malawi Electoral Commission, Mosques, Supreme Court, Two journalists from’s main opposition Daily Times newspaper, UDC candiates 2004 - 2004 Mgwirizano coalition, Mgwi- Former tea estate workers rizano coalition supporters, Po- lice station 2009 - 2009 Oppposition parties, President Muluzi supporters, Villagers 1990 - 2002 Police 1998 - 2003 President Bakili Muluzi 2001 - 2002 Riot Police 2002 - 2005 UDF supporters 2001 - 2003 UDF Young Democrats 2011 - 2011 Anti-government activists Nanzikambe, Polytechnic students 1997 - 1997 John Tembo 1992 - 1992 Opposition politician Chifukwa Chakufwa Chihana, Krishna Chihana and five others, Pro- Achutan, the son-in-law of former Chichana opposition politician Aleke Banda, University staff, Workers 1990 - 2015 protesters 2011 - 2012 Protesters Students 2009 - 2010 Citizens 2005 - 2005 Angry mob, Chinese businessman, Food aid providers, Food aid recip- ients, High court judges 2000 - 2000 Anti-IMF activists, Courthouse, IMF, World Bank, Market, Sec- ondary school students, Support- ers of the ex-transport and pub- lic works minister, Tobacco Associ- ation of Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 297 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 Attacks on Women, Bingu wa Mutharika funeral, Demonstrators, Illegal Vendors, Judicial Clerks, Ju- dicial Workers, Lawyers, Mining Workers, Presidential Pardon, Pris- oners, Public Affairs Committee, Public Workers, Women, Working Conditions 2007 - 2007 Malawian church leaders and human rights activists, National Voices on The Budget civil group 2003 - 2003 Muslim protesters, Newspaper pho- tographer, Public Affairs Commit- tee, a largely Christian lobby group, Relatives of defendants 2005 - 2007 Opposition parliamentarians 1993 - 1998 Soldiers 2015 - 2015 South African High Commission 1998 - 2006 Street vendors 1996 - 1996 UDC supporters 1992 - 2004 University 1992 - 2007 University students 2006 - 2007 Zimbabwe President Robert Mu- gabe

215 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.27 Mauritania (1990-2015)

Table 298: Mauritania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1998 Action for Change party Bar Association 2012 - 2012 Aziz supporters, President Coordination of a Democratic Op- Family of shooting victims, Mus- Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, position, Don’t Touch My Nation- lims, Political organizations, Syrian Tewassoul ality embassy, United States, We are all Ely Ould Moktar 1990 - 2012 Government 2015 - 2015 government Initiative for the Resurgence of the anti-slavery supporters, Charlie Abolitionist Movement in (IRA) Hebdo, courthouse, National Indus- trial and Mining Company (SNIM), prison authorities, prisoners 2005 - 2005 Government of President Ould Algerian Salafist Group for Preach- Taya ing and Combat (GSPC), Gun- men, Islamic leaders, Jailed Is- lamist leaders, Jailed opposition leaders, None 2008 - 2008 Government of President Sidi Former Prime Minister, Islamic ex- Ould Cheikh Abdallahi tremists, Israeli embassy, Union protesters, University students 2003 - 2003 Leading opposition party, Op- Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, position party and supporters Supporters of Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla, Vanguard/Baath party, Islamists/Arabists 2013 - 2013 Mauritanian Government Coordination of Democratic Oppo- Jailed Islamists, Kinross gold min- sition ing company, Mine Workers 2005 - 2008 Military 2008 - 2009 National Front for the Defence of Democracy 1992 - 1992 Opposition party Black civilians 2011 - 2011 Paramilitary officer Ely Ould Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Moktar Census, Free Confederation ofn Workers, Kinross, Protester, Syria 2009 - 2009 Police Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Mah- greb, al Qaeda, American teacher, Americans, Anti-coup negotiators, France, Italian aid workers, Italian citizens, Mauritanian Journalists Union, Opposition groups, Spanish aid workers 2004 - 2013 Female protesters 2000 - 2000 Union of Democratic Forces - New Hassem Era 2010 - 2010 Citizens Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Al Qaeda in the Islamic Mah- greb, Anti-slavery activists, Negro- Mauritanian students 1991 - 2006 Civilians 2007 - 2008 Al Qaeda in Islamic North Africa (GSPC) 2007 - 2007 French tourists, Inmates 2011 - 2015 General Confederation ofn Workers 2004 - 2010 Israel 2014 - 2014 Muslim protesters, Unidentified Quran Desecrators 2004 - 2004 National Union ofn Students 2006 - 2006 Old regime loyalists 1998 - 2000 Opposition leader 1992 - 2009 Opposition supporters 2002 - 2015 protesters 2009 - 2011 Protesters 1991 - 1991 Racers, Villagers 2003 - 2007 Soldiers 1990 - 1990 Soninke ethnic group 1999 - 2011 Students 1994 - 1994 Students and professors

216 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.28 Mauritius (1999-2015)

Table 299: Mauritius Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2004 - 2004 Civil service employees 2000 - 2004 Government 2005 - 2005 Mauritian Militant Movement Chinese embassy, Chinese garment (MMM) supporters, Opposi- workers tion alliance 1999 - 1999 Police African Creole young men, Soccer fans 2015 - 2015 police protesters 2001 - 2001 British High Commission office, Chagos Refugees Group 2002 - 2002 Customs officials 2000 - 2000 Mauritius Telecom (MT) employees

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218 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.29 Morocco (1990-2015)

Table 300: Morocco Page 1 of Table 300 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005 - 2006 Border guards 1990 - 2014 Government Moroccans 2015 - 2015 government, police, security feature film, Femen, journalist forces Maati Monjib, journalists, labor unions, migrants, polling station, protesters, Swedish government 1996 - 1996 King Hassan Communist party legislators, Mo- roccan media union 2012 - 2012 King Mohammed VI, Magis- February 20 movement Ancient site, Berbers, Democratic trates Association of the Women of , Demonstrators, Family of accused, Jobless graduates, Morocco’s Democratic League for Women’s Rights, Poet Youssef Belkhdim, Salafists, Salifists, Spring of Dig- nity, Trade unions, Unemployed protesters, University graduates, Women on Waves, Young men 1991 - 1991 Moroccan government Jailed Forward movement militants 2013 - 2013 Moroccan Government February 20th activists Anti-paedophile demonstrators, Anti Child Abuse Advocates, Casablanca city, FAR Rabat Fans, Moroccan Labor Unions, Moroccan street vendor, Pro- Journalist protesters, Western Sahara protesters 2006 - 2006 Moroccan Liberal Party Danish government, Islamist pris- oners, Lebanese government, Mo- roccan human rights group AMDH, Saharawi women 2005 - 2012 Police 2007 - 2007 Prison guards Accused homosexuals, Former Western Sahara military prison- ers, Son of former Mauritanian president 2011 - 2011 Pro-government demonstrators February 20 Movement, Justice and Al Qaeda in the Islamic Mah- Spirituality movement greb, Democracy activists, Metal- lurgical Society of Imiter, Moroccan activists, Protester, Soccer fans, Youth protesters 1993 - 1993 USFP supporters 2014 - 2014 Mustapha Meziani Activists, Algerian Soldiers, Armed Gang, French Embassy, French National, Government Austerity Plans, Husband/Rapist, Labor Unions, Leftist Students, Man, Mo- roccan Authorities, Moshe Ohayon, Ouafa Charaf, Pro-Independence protesters, Sub-Saharan Immi- grants, Sub-Saharan Migrants, Unidentified Assailant, Uniden- tified Assailants, Unidentified Victims, Wife Khaoula, Wydad Casablanca Football Club 2005 - 2009 Polisario Front 1996 - 2009 Citizens 2004 - 2004 Action Group in Support of Iraq and Palestine, Aid workers, Fisher- men, Pilots, Royal Air Maroc man- agement 2003 - 2011 Al Qaeda 1998 - 1998 Algerian detainees, Miners 2003 - 2003 Ali Lamrabet, Defense attorneys, National Iraqi Support Committee, Qatar 2005 - 2005 Asylum seekers, Attajdid newspa- per, Four Islamic organizations, Jailed deported immigrants, Nor- wegian human rights workers, UN- HCR, Western Sahara citizens 1995 - 1995 Egyptian suicide bomber, Russian government 2002 - 2007 Islamic extremists 1994 - 2007 Islamic militants 2009 - 2009 Islamist detainees, Israeli minister, Newspapers, Saharawis 2014 - 2015 Islamists 1997 - 2000 Israeli government Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 300 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2008 Journalists 2008 - 2008 Morocco footballers, Students from rival universities 1991 - 2012 Muslims 2002 - 2002 Palestine, Zouhair Hilal Mohamed Tabiti 2001 - 2001 Poor youths, University students 2000 - 2000 Port workers, Truck drivers 1996 - 2007 Prisoners 2010 - 2012 Protesters 2010 - 2010 Soldiers, Textile workers, Western Saharan activists, Western Saha- rans 2005 - 2007 Spain 2002 - 2010 Spanish government 1994 - 1994 Spanish tourists 1997 - 2008 Students 1998 - 2007 U.S. Government 2008 - 2012 Unemployed youths 2003 - 2012 United States

220 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.30 Mozambique (1977-2015)

Table 301: Mozambique Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2009 Democratic Movement of, AMPETROL, Chinese company, Mozambican police Detained citizens, Malawian police 1999 - 1999 Dhlakama, Mozambique Liber- United Nations ation Front 2014 - 2014 Dinis Silica, Frelimo Party, Renamo Militia Amnesty International, Belgian Frelimo Party Members, Par- Woman, Brazilian Owned Coal liament, President, Prison Train, Female Inmates, Uniden- Guards tified Assailants, Unidentified Gunmen, Young Man 1977 - 2014 Government (1977 - 2014) 2015 - 2015 government, military, police Renamo convoy, Renamo fighters, civilians civil society organizations, gunmen, Renamo forces, Renamo party journalist Carlos Castel-Branco, journalists, lawyer, South Africans, students 2013 - 2013 Mozambique Army, Mozam- Renamo Militants, Renamo Party, Civilians Anti-Conscription protesters, Anti- bique Government, Mozam- Renamo Supporters Kidnapping advocates, Armed mil- bique Police itants, Business Men, Former Min- ers, Kentz Coal Mine, Mine Work- ers, Mozambique Doctor’s Associ- ation, Mozambique Veterans, Vale Coal Mine 1995 - 2014 Police 2000 - 2000 Police and prison guards, RE- African refugees, UN refugee NAMO supporters agency 1977 - 2015 Renamo 2005 - 2005 Renamo supporters Mine-clearing workers 1997 - 1997 Security guards Mozambique National Resistance US Wackenhut company Party 1995 - 1995 Special forces 1996 - 1996 Disbanded militia forces Cahora Bassa, Dam workers, University students, Zimbabwean rebels 2012 - 2012 Gang led by Orquilio Nhassengo, Airline workers, Brazilian mining Protesters company Vale, Muslims, Old man, Youths 2014 - 2015 protesters 2001 - 2001 RENAMO Aluminum workers, Billiton Com- pany, Former RENAMO fighters, Railway and port workers, Workers 1996 - 2013 Citizens 1992 - 1992 City bus workers, Guerrilla veter- ans 1990 - 1990 City council workers 2011 - 2011 Civil war veterans 1999 - 2009 Construction workers 1992 - 1994 Demobilised soldiers, Mutineer sol- diers 1994 - 1994 Election workers, Soldiers 2004 - 2004 Former migrant workers, German Embassy 2003 - 2003 Group Five/CMC, Opposition sup- porters 1990 - 2010 Health workers 1993 - 1993 Media workers 1998 - 1998 Meteorologists 2010 - 2010 Mob, South African soldiers 1990 - 1992 Railworkers

221 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.31 Namibia (1992-2014)

Table 302: Namibia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1999 - 1999 Civil servants, Congress for Democracy supporters, Gover- nor’s office, Namibian govern- ment 1992 - 1992 Democratic Turnhalle Alliance Development Brigade militants (DTA) candidate 1995 - 2010 Government 2000 - 2000 Local tribal offices French tourists, Gciruku villagers, Namibian veterans, Namibian vil- lagers, UNITA fighters 2011 - 2011 Police Herero protesters Germany, Taxi drivers 2014 - 2014 Ruling Party SWAPO Children of fallen independence fighters 1998 - 1999 Caprivi separatists 1998 - 2010 Protesters 1994 - 1994 Namibian citizens Walvis Bay security forces 1993 - 1993 Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM), Consolidated Diamond Mines (CDM) employees, Mafwe tribespeople, Mayeyi tribespeople 1995 - 1995 former People’s Liberation Army of (PLAN) guerrillas, German Chan- cellor Helmut Kohl, Herero tribe 2003 - 2003 Malaysian-owned textile factory, Malaysian-owned textile factory workers 1998 - 1998 Michael Jackson, Michael Jackson fans, Murderer Thomas Florin 1996 - 1996 Mineworkers’ Union of (MUN), Tsumeb Corporation Limited 1994 - 1999 Namibian nationalists 2007 - 2007 National Society for Human Rights, Robert Mugabe 2008 - 2008 Skorpion Zinc Mine, Zinc mine workers 2000 - 2002 Soldiers 1994 - 2002 UNITA rebels

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223 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.32 Niger (1990-2015)

Table 303: Niger Page 1 of Table 303 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2001 - 2001 Alliance of Democratic Forces Haussa, Hospital staff, Unique Union of Health and Social Action (SUSAS) 2012 - 2012 Central Government Aid Workers, Christians, Herders, Muslims, Unknown 2000 - 2000 Coordination of Democratic Disabled people, Media workers, Forces (CFD) National Union of Teachers, Profes- sors, Revenue collection officials 2009 - 2009 Coordination of Democratic Front for the Defence of Democracy Association of Independent Press Forces for the Republic, Islamic Editors (ANEPI), Democratic Council of, Party for Democ- Confederation of Workers, Former racy and Socialism Members of Parliament, Gun- men, Human rights groups, Saudi tourists, Seven main trade unions, Unknown gunmen, USTN 1992 - 1992 Democratic and Social Conven- SNEN (teacher’s union), Women tion party 1990 - 2010 Government 2015 - 2015 government, military, military civilians Amadou supporters, churches, officers, military post, Ous- human rights activists, journal- mane supporters, police, prison ists, Nigerien military, opposition protesters, students, suicide bomber, suicide bombers, unknown 1996 - 1996 Government of President Ma- FDR Rebels, Toubou rebels Miners hamane Ousmane 2013 - 2013 Government supporters, Niger Areva Nuclear Group, Movement Government for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa, Student protesters 1994 - 1997 Government workers 2004 - 2004 Magistrates 2010 - 2010 Military, Presidential palace Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb Foreign workers, Former communi- cations minister 1999 - 1999 Military forces 1996 - 1999 Military officers 1993 - 1994 National Movement for a De- veloped Society 2007 - 2007 National Movement for a De- MNJ Rebels veloping Society party 2011 - 2011 Niger army Al Qaeda in the Islamic Mahgreb Foreign tourists 1995 - 1995 Niger military Organization of Armed Resistance, Arab militiamen, Chadian rebels, protesters organized by various Fulani, Niger soldiers, Town of groups Agadez 2014 - 2014 Niger Military, President Ma- Assembly President Hama Amadou Areva, Grant Allocation Agency, hamadou Issoufou Islamist Militants, Opposition protesters, Ruling Party Head- quarters, Unidentified Assailants, Unidentified protesters, Unidenti- fied Terrorists 1997 - 1997 Opposition parties UFRA Rebels Health workers, Power company workers, Workers’ Union federation 2001 - 2009 Parliament 1994 - 2014 Police 1998 - 2002 Republican Guard 1994 - 1994 Union for Democracy and So- CRA Rebels, Mallam Jerry Yussuf Journalists, Miners of the Coal cial Progress Company (SONICHAR), Niger As- sociation for the Defence of Hu- man Rights, Opposition militants, Party supporters, USTN (teacher’s union), Workers 2008 - 2008 Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Mahgreb United Nations, Unspecified civic movement, Villagers 1991 - 1991 FLAA Rebels 1997 - 1998 Front for the Restoration and De- fense of Democracy 1996 - 2015 protesters 2009 - 2011 Protesters 2006 - 2006 Suspected rebels Coalition Against Expensive Life in, Denmark, Mahamid Arabs, Tourists 1993 - 1993 Tuareg rebels Nigerian government, Ranchers, Student prisoners 1993 - 2012 Citizens Farmers 1992 - 2003 Civilians 1991 - 1995 Armed Bandits 2013 - 2015 Boko Haram 1998 - 1998 Cattle raisers 1994 - 1998 Civil aviation trade union 2005 - 2005 Coalition Against Costly Living Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 303 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 2001 Customs officers 2002 - 2009 Israel 1990 - 1990 Labor Unions, Tuaregs 2000 - 2015 Muslim protesters 1998 - 1999 Niger Workers Union (USTN) 1994 - 1995 Opposing parties 1991 - 1999 Prisoners 1999 - 2000 Single Union for Health and Social Workers (SUSAS) 1992 - 2010 Soldiers 1990 - 2014 Students 1994 - 2000 Teachers 1995 - 2001 Toubou 2002 - 2002 Truck drivers 2013 - 2014 Unidentified Gunmen 1999 - 2009 Unions 2003 - 2003 United States 1992 - 2002 Women demonstrators

225 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.33 Nigeria (1964-2015)

Table 304: Nigeria Page 1 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 1995 Abiola Banknote printers, British govern- ment, Hausas tribesmen 2002 - 2002 Adamawa governor, Anyim Alleged cult members, Birom supporters, Egwu supporters, tribe, Bread vendors, Bus and Federal employees, Mag- taxi drivers, Bus drivers union, istrates, Rival supporters Catholics, Contract laborers, of the Peoples Democratic Critics of Bakassi Boys, Egbema Party, Unitedn Peoples Party youths, Factory, Female protesters, candidate Former government workers, Ilaje community, Ilaje youths, Indige- nous farmers, Kanam community, Kano fans, Kwol community, Langtang community, Majorn food firms, Miss World pageant, Nomadic Fulanis, Political op... ¡truncated¿ 2003 - 2003 All’s People Party, Opposing Anglican Archbishop of Canter- political party, Ruling party bury, Anglican church, Aviation workers, Chadian rebels, Dumne community, Egbema National Front, GSM, Hired political thugs, House of Representatives, Mechan- ics, Nigeria Airways, Relatives of murdered journalist, Relatives of politicians, Stranded passengers, Tarok farmers, Temporary workers, Transocean, Inc., U.S. Govern- ment, Urhobo youths, White-collar workers 2003 - 2007 All People’s Party supporters 2007 - 2007 Alln People’s Party, Bayelsa Ajaokuta Steel Company, B-Dere state MPs, Electoral commis- community, Beera community, sion, Vice president Bodo community, Christian teacher, Cult gangs, Deebam gang, Deewell gang, Detained homosexuals, Former soldiers, Mogho community, Private radio station, Rival cult gang, Steel workers, Unidentified miitants, Village elders, Villager, Women’s rights grup 2001 - 2001 All People’s Party, Council- Agigim villagers, Airport workers, lor Nwajei supporters, Delta American soldiers, Azeri tribesmen, State governor, Effinamya sup- Bille community, Boghom tribes- porters, Governor, Kano State men, Christian churches and beer Council of Islamic Scholars, Lo- parlors, Crime bosses, First Bank cal government workers, Olag- of, Football sponsors, Fuel market- baju supporters, Prison guards ing firms, Fuel tank drivers, Fuel truck drivers, Hezinon Afiton Ho- tel, High court, Israeli ambassador, Itsekiri community, Jukun tribes- men, Ke and Krakrama communi- ties, Kwale tribesmen, Nigeria Air- ways employees, Nigerian Football Association, Oil contract workers, Osama bin Laden, Political party members, Polytechnic teachers, Ri- val faction of students’ union, Ri- val Yandaba, Soldier, Tarok tribes- men, Union activists, Urhobo com- munity, Yandaba 1999 - 1999 All Peoples Party delegates, All Aguleri village, Aiyes society, Black Peoples Party leaders, Deputy Ax society, Broadcasting station Governor, Lagos officials, Local workers, Deleugbene youths, Elec- officials tricity workers, Hausa traders, Isoko tribesmen, Kaningkon and Fansuwa tribes, Koluama youths, Lawmakers, Liquified natural gas plant, Niger Delta Front Forum, Ninzam-speaking youths, Oppo- sition supporting dock workers, Polling officials, Public school teachers, Ranchers, Umuleri vil- lage, Yoruba Christians, Yoruba traders Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 All Progressives Congress, Boko Haram base, Boko Haram Air force, Air Force, Angry mob, All Progressives Congress gunmen, Islamic Movement of Nige- Armed militant, Bring Back Our supporters, All Progressives ria (IMN), Planned opposition rally Girls, Bus station, Bus stations, Congress women supporters, by the All Progressives Congress Bus terminal, Cargo ship, Chad Army chief’s convoy, Army forces, Chad troops, Chadian Chief, Education ministry, troops, Checkpoint, Checkpoints, Electoral commission’s office, Chinese traders, Civilian vigilante Federal High Court, Govern- office, Civilian vigilantes, College ment buildings, Government of Administrative and Business office, Military base, Military Studies, Elderly men, Election camp, Military facility, Miltary rally, Evangelist Church of West base, Nigerian troops, Peoples Africa, Federal Airports Authority Democratic Party’s support- of Nigeria, Female suicide bomber, ers, Peoples Democratic Party Gunma, Hospital, Indigenous (PDP) supporters, Police People of Biafra, Local chief’s Station, President Good- palance, Local Independent Na- luck Jonathan’s campaign tional Electoral Commission Office, rally, President Goodluck Local vigilantes, Malkohi refugee Jonathan’s convoy, Presiden- camp, Markets, men, Men and tial villa, Security checkpoint, boys, Mosque, Mosques, Motorists, Troops Multinational Joint Task Force base at Baga, Muslim Fulani, National Association of Air Traffic Controllers, Native village of the chief of army, Niger troops, Oil flow station, Oil industry supply vessel, Ologba community, Polish cargo ship, Polling stations, Restaurant, Sabo Garbu’s campaign meeting, Shiite mosque, Shuwa tribes, Sister of the governor of Bayelsa state, Suicice bomber, Suspected susicide bomber, Tarok villagers, Textile dyers, Timber market, Town, Traffic circle, Two female suicide bombers, Uknown bomber, Uknown gunmen, Unemployed youth, Une- ployed youth, Unknown assilants, Unknown bomber, US missionary woman, Villages, Voters, Youth 2014 - 2014 All Progressives Congress Boko Haram female suicide bomber, Civilians Academic Staff Union of Poly- data centre, All Progressives Boko Haram female suicide technics, accused gay men, an- Congress delegates, All Pro- bombers, Boko Haram suicide gry mob, anti-gay mob, anti-gay gressives Congress supporter, bomber, Boko Harama, rioters, mob, anti-gay protesters, bank, Gombe state governor Ibrahim women protesters, youth protesters Bring Back Our Girls movement, Dankwambo, government, gov- (anti-Sanusi) bridge between Maiduguri and Biu, ernment buildings, governor’s bus station, Cameroonian mili- home, prisoners, Governor tary, Chibok residents associa- Gabriel Suswam of Benu tion, children, Chinese workers, State’s convoy, Hadiza Bala Christian college, school, public Usman, Interior Minister Abba buildings, Christian Family, Chris- Moro, Maj. Gen. Ahmadu tian pastor, Christians, Christian Mohammed, military barracks, Tarok militiamen, Christian wor- military barracks (soldiers shippers, church, churches, wor- and police), military convoy, shippers, courthouse, Dutch nation- military post, Nigerian mil- als, Eggon tribe, elderly, extrem- itary, Nigerian military and ists, Federal College of Education, multinational force, police, football fans, Forcados oil pipeline, police academy, police station, French factory, fuel depot, Ger- police station, government man national, German nationals, lodge, police station, military Giew Barracks military compound, camp, policeman, policemen, girls, girls and boys, grain truck, presidential palace, President gunmen, Gwandara tribe, Gwoza Jonathan, Security Patrol residents, Hausa-Fulani herdsmen, Boat, soldiers, government Head of the primary school,judicial buildings, State Governor staff , Jukun gunmen, Jukun Kashim Shettima, State villagers, Kano Polytechnic Col- Securtiy Service lege, Kano Tans Leather Factory, Kano Tans Leather Factory work- ers, Ladi Kayamuna Market, local vigilantes, market, market, homes, men, monarch, mosque, local chief, mosques, mothers, Muslim cleric Adam Albani and family, Mus- lim villagers, New Abuja Market, New Emir of Kano, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, state government head- quarters, Sanusi supporters, Nige- ria Premier League, Nigeria Refer- ees Association, Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Nigerian pilot, oppo- sition lawmakers, Osio Agama, par- ents, petrol station, Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Associa- tion, primary schools, prison Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other prisoners, public health college, red light district brothel/hotel, Saint Charles Catholic church, school, schoolgirlsschools, secondary school students, security meeting, Sheikh Dahiru Bauchi (cleric), Muham- madu Buhari (opposition leader), shopping center, shopping complex, soldiers, Suicide bomber, teachers’ residence, girls’ secondary school, Tiv farmers, traditional monarch of Gwoza, Idriss Timta, unknown, un- known attackers, unknown gunmen, vigilantes, village mosque, villagers, villagers, Christians, villagers, lead- ership, villagers, soldiers, villagers, vigilantes, wedding, women, women and children, women, children, wor- shippers 2012 - 2012 Aminu Isa - secret police Ansaru - radical Islamist group, Ibn Citizen, Citizens Abubakar Muhammad - customs official, Car of air force of- Saleh Ibrahim - Boko Haram com- in Christian vil- superintendent, Air Nigeria air- ficers, Federal Road Safety mander, Movement for the Emanci- lage, Muslim citizen, line, Air Nigeria engineers, Air Corps officers, Government pation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Muslim citizens Nigeria workers, Al-Qaida in the building, Ibrahim Abba Garko Suspected Boko Haram gunmen Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Alhaji - lawmaker in Kano state as- Muhammadu - man known for pub- sembly, John Baren - chairman licly criticizing Boko Haram, An- of local branch of People’s gry youths, Arik Air airline, Armed Democratic Party, Kaduna men, Armed robbers, Attackers, State government house, Lagos Banks, Bayero University campus, governor Babatunde Fashola, Beer garden, Bomber, Bombers, Louis Odion - spokesman for Bomber on motorcycle, Bomber- Edo state governor Adams s/gunmen, British hostage, Bus Oshiomhole, Mamman Sule - driver, Bus loaded with passen- police commissioner, Military gers, Cargo ship Breiz Klipper, checkpoint, Military patrol, Cargo ship Fourseas SW, Chinese Military patrol vehicle, Nige- construction worker, Christ Em- rian Television Authority - bassy church, Christian Berom vil- state-run, Olaitan Oyerinde - lagers, Christian citizens, Christian private secretary to Edo state couple and child, Christian Igbo governor Adams Oshiomhole, citizens, Christian Igbo traders, Police constable, Police head- Christian Igbos, Christian Tiv cit- quarters, Police inspector, izens, Christian traders, Christian Police officer, Police officers, vigilante group, Christian village, Police stations, Policeman, Christian villages, Christian vil- Secret police officer, Special lages, Citizens, mosque, Danladi Anti-Robbery Squad police Isa Kademi - lawmaker in Kano station, Special military unit, state house of assembly, Deeper Zannah Malam Gana - Borno Life Evangelical Church, Doctors state justice commissioner in the Lagos State Public Service, Enenche Akogwu - journalist for private news station Channels Tele- vision, Evangelical church, Francis Colump - French engineer for re- newable energy firm Vergnet SA, Gamboru primary school, Gang of bandits, German engineer Edgar Fritz Raupach, Hausa Fulani herds- men, Islamic boarding school, Ital- ian national, Kamene Okonjo - mother of Finance Minister Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Kidnappers, Killers of bartender, Lactop Marine Force - armed gang, Lebanese nationals, Local farmers, Members of Muslim Hausa-Fulani ethnic group, Mob from Imbur - largely Christian area, Motor park, Motorcycle-mounted gunmen, Motorcycle-riding suicide bomber, MT Abu Dhabi Star - oil tanker, Muhammad Abali - Emir of Fika (Muslim religious leader), Muhammad Ali - assistant superin- tendent of police, Muhammad Wan- zan - head of local vigilante group , Musa Magazi - principal of sec- ondary school, Muslim cleric, Mus- lim cleric Usman Muhammad, Mus- lim Fulani attackers, Muslim Fulani gunmen, Muslim Fulani herdsmen, Muslim motorists, Muslim school, Muslim traders, MV Spar Rigel - Norwegian-flagged ship, Nigeria Premier League soccer team Ocean Boys, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation engineers and techni- cians Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Night club, Nomadic Muslim herds- men, NUPENG - blue-collar oil workers union, Offices of Shell and Chevron, Oil pipeline owned by Italian company EniSpA, Oil thieves, Pere villagers, Perpetra- tors of suicide bombing , Pri- mary school, Residential neighbor- hood, Retired Colonel Mohammed Hama Barde, Schools, Shia Mus- lim worshippers, Ship, Ship owned by Bourbon SA - French com- pany, Ships belonging to Sea Trucks Group, Shopping mall, Sina Ka- wonise - managing director and editor-in-chief of Nigerian Compass newspaper, South African govern- ment, SP Brussels tanker, Span- ish doctor, St. Andrew Mili- tary Protestant Church, St. Fin- bar’s Catholic Church, St. John’s Catholic Church, St. Rita’s Catholic Church, Students at Fed- eral Polytechnic Mubi college, Sui- cide bombers, Supply ship, Sup- ply tug boat, Tanker ship, Tim- othy Hunpoyanwha - community chief, Tiv villages, Turkish con- struction worker, Two villages, U.S. government, Unions, University of Ibadan, University of Ibadan stu- dents, University of Lagos, Univer- sity of Lagos students, University of Maiduguri students, Unknown tar- get, Unspecified, Vessel transport- ing workers for Italian firm Agip, Village inhabited mainly by Mus- lims, Workers in petroleum indus- try 2013 - 2013 Ansaru, Bama Police, Birnin- Civilian Joint Task Force Civilians ofLogumani Adamawa Cattle Herders, Gwari Police, Kano police, Lo- Adamawa Farmers, Agatu Chris- caln Government, Mala Oth- tians, Ataka, Ataka Ethnic Group, man, local politician in Maid- Bandits, Carisbrooke Shipping, uguri, Nigerian Government, Children of Ansarudeen Private Nigerian Navy, Nigerian Police, School, Christian Farmers of Jos, Police of Damboa, Senior Kano Christian Villagers, Citizens in policeman Zamfara, Citizens of Dawashe, Citizens of Kano, College Students, Crew of the C-Retriever, Damboa Mosque, Dorawa Church, Educa- tional outreach students, Emir of Kano, Ex-militia youths, Family in Rantis, Foreign crew of the Armada Tuah, Foreign Workers, Fulani Ethnic group, Gajiram Residents, Kajuru protesters, Korean doctors, Local card players, Lorbia Gang, Mamudo Government Secondary School, Masked Gunmen, MT Matrix Crew , Muslim Villagers, Niger Soldier, Njilang Villagers, Nomadic Herders, Ombatse pagan cult, Polio Clinics, Residents of Damboa, Residents of Dumba, Residents of Gamboru Ngala, Residents of Kano, Residents of Maiduguri, Residents of Ngalda, Socio-Economic Rights and Ac- countability Project (SERAP), Suspected cattle rustlers, Tarok Ethnic Group, Tarok Farmers, The Crew of the Antigua, Unidentified Islamists, University Students, Un- known Attackers, Unknown Gun- men, Unknown Islamic Militants, Unknown militants, Vigilantes in Kizara, Villagers of Gajiganna, Wedding Party, Wukari Christians 2004 - 2004 Benue State Governor, Opposi- Al-Sunna wal Jamma sect, Black Agboghol community, Air Force tion party supporters, Peoples Axe Cult, Eye Confraternity cult, officers, Armed gunmen, Ataba Redemption Party Muhajirun sect, NDPVF Rebels, villagers, Christian, Christian Niger Delta Vigilantes, Rival fac- Taroks, Daily Times, Food workers, tions of Odua Peoples Congress Globestar Engineering Continued on next page

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Page 5 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Ijaws and oil workers, Kalabari tribe, Kalakato, Medicine shop owners, Murdered woman’s family, Muslim Fulanis, Muslim militants, Ojoba villagers, Performers, Politi- cal militiamen, Rival cult fraternity, Rival Kalabari tribe, Shell white collar workers, Tarok tribe, Thugs, Viking Fraternity, Workers 2000 - 2000 Border patrol officials, Momoh African Cup ticket sales organiz- supporters ers, African Nations Cup, All oil companies, Alleged criminal, An- gels Spinning and Dyeing Com- pany, Asipa community, Drivers’ union, Elf, Enahoro supporters, Food and drink workers, Guardian workers, Hausas, Ife community, Igbo kinsmen, Ipetumodu commu- nity, Kolapo supporters, Mbiabo tribe, Modakeke community, Oduk- pani tribe, Oil stations, Ondo state citizens, Players, President Clin- ton, Rival faction of drivers’ union, Rival faction of the SOP, Rival youths, Share community, Textile workers, Tsaragi community, Uni- versity, Yoruba militants, Yorubas 1993 - 2002 Civil servants 2006 - 2006 Coalition for Democracy and Movement for the Niger Delta Peo- Censu workers, Danish govern- Rule of Law, Local governor, ple ment, Foreigners, Ireles, Muslim Prisons, Rival factions of Peo- Lawmakers, Pan community, State ples Democratic Party, Vice telephone workers, Supporters of President, Vice president sup- murdered gubernatorial candidate, porters Telecommunication workers, Youth Alliance for Good Governance 1997 - 1997 Congress for National Consen- Black Axes Bassambiri villagers, Buccaneers, sus, Democratic Party of Ekakpawre tribesmen, Gbaregolo tribe, Gindiris, Ife tribe, Modakeke tribe, Nembe Patriotic Youth, Nige- rian oil workers, Ocean Inchape Ltd., Ogbo-Lombiri youths, Pa- nyams, Unemployed youths 2010 - 2010 Congress for Progressive Joint Revolutionary Council, Barako residents, Boje villagers, Change supporters, Deputy MEND, Niger Delta Liberation Christian pastor, Eni SpA, Ex- governor of Bayelsa State, Force, The People’s Patriotic governor supporters, Ex-rebels, Incumbent governor support- Revolutionary Force of the Joint ExxonMobil employees, Foreign ers, Kebbi State governor Revolutionary Council school children, Gas tanker drivers, supporters, President’s adviser George Bush and Tony Blair, German tourists, Human rights campaigner, Justice, Development Peace Commission, Local political candidate, Muslim nomads, Muslim reporters, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, National Union of Electricity Employees, Nsadop vil- lagers, Nweviara residents, Outlaws Gang, Sailors, Sports journalists, Trade unions, Ugborodo women 1990 - 2015 Government Soldiers 2011 - 2011 Labour Party, Local gov- Oodua People’s Congress Airtel, Bank, Berom Christians, ernment chairman, Military Cattle rustlers, Chistian youths, boarding school, Nigerian Christian gangs, Copy cat killers, army, Peoples Demoncratic Ezilo community, Ezza community, Party, Police minister, State Foreign construction workers, For- government mer militant leader, Former presi- dential adviser, Funeral attendees, Gang of robbers, Greek freighter, Hotel, Insecurity, Islamists, Koran desecrator, Local authorities, Mus- lim attackers, Muslim Fulani tribes- men, Muslim attackers, Muslim Fu- lani tribesmen, Muslim gangs, Mus- lim sect, National Union of Elec- trity Workers, Patrolmen, Polling station, Sayawa, Soil conservation college, Supporters of Muhammadu Buhari, Suspected militant, Sus- pected militants, Umar Quality, Unknown assailants 1999 - 2009 Local government 2001 - 2006 Local governments 1994 - 2015 Military Women Continued on next page

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Page 6 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 1994 Military supporters, National Council for Popular Justice Authors, Coaching staff, Detained Democratic Coalition, Presi- alleged hijacker, National Demo- dential election winner cratic Convention, Niger students, Nurses and midwives, Refinery workers and tank drivers, Rival fac- tions of students’ union, Shop own- ers, Students’ union, Niger govern- ment, Niger government 1995 - 2001 National Conscience Party Non-Muslims 1993 - 1993 National Labor Congress Almajiri Muslims, Andoni tribe, College students, Committee for the Defence of Human Rights, Gokana Tuka tribe, Guma tribe, Kalakato Muslims, NNPC workers, Okrika tribe, Petrol truck drivers, Pilots 2013 - 2014 Nigerian Military Fulani Herdsmen 2003 - 2005 Opposition party Area Boys 2001 - 2015 People’s Democratic Party protesters 2006 - 2010 People’s Democratic Party sup- MEND gunmen porters 2000 - 2006 Peoples Democratic Party 2003 - 2015 Peoples Democratic Party sup- Fulani herdsmen, Militants porters 1993 - 2015 Police Oil workers 2012 - 2015 Police station, Policemen Bridge, Market, Suicide bomber, Suicide bombers 2000 - 2010 President Agip, Doctors 2004 - 2005 Prison workers Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Airway workers Force 1998 - 1998 Pro-Abacha demonstrators, Eiye Fraternity, Suspected rebels Anti-drug officers, Belgium, Ilaje Pro-Abacha supporters, Riot tribe, Mobil, Nigerian youths, police, United Action for Ogoni tribesmen, Ogoni youths, Democracy Pro-democracy demonstrators, Pro- democracy supporters, Shell con- tract workers 2000 - 2002 Rival faction of the Peoples Odua People’s Congress Democratic Party 1999 - 2012 Security forces Traders 2001 - 2002 Bakassi Boys, Islamic Movement of Palestine 1998 - 2004 Black Axe Fraternity 2009 - 2015 Boko Haram Pirates 2014 - 2015 Boko haram Bus, Shariah court 2009 - 2009 Boko Haram militants, Kalo Kato Chala ethnic group, Freight and for- militants warding agents, Fuel facility, Labor unions, Match officials, Nasarawa United fans, Ocean Boys, Patrol of- ficers, Petrol drivers, Shipping com- panies, Television and radio work- ers, Total oil workers 2010 - 2014 MEND militants 2000 - 2007 Movement for the Actualisation of The Guardian, University adminis- the Sovereign State of Biafra tration 2006 - 2014 Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta 2000 - 2004 Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People 2005 - 2010 Niger Delta militants 2008 - 2008 Niger Delta Vigilante Movement Citzens Awori tribe, Construction ship, De- tained man’s wives, Egba tribe, Emir, Justices, Ogonis, Oil security vessel 2005 - 2005 Niger Delta warlord Edagbari villagers, Ex-soldiers, Former president, Herders, Iran, Khana community, Legislators, Miners, Moped drivers, Niger Delta delegates, Ogoni peopl, Opposing party supporters in Khana, Owaza villagers, Pro-democracy citizens, Robbers, Sharia judges, State media workers, Syrian govern- ment, Togo government, Togolese, Traditional ruler supporters 1999 - 2014 Nigeria Labour Congress 2001 - 2005 Odua Peoples Congress 2007 - 2011 Protesters 2007 - 2008 Rival Niger Delta gang Chevron workers 1996 - 1996 United Front for’s Liberation Adim tribesmen, Daily Times press group, Hausa tribesmen, Junior workers, Karimojos, Opposition leader’s wife, Opposition lead- ers, Opposition supporter, Rival Hausa factions, Traditionalist reli- gious practitioners, Ugep tribesmen 1991 - 2013 Citizens 2011 - 2015 Civilians Church, Independent National Electoral Commission Continued on next page

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Page 7 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 Agila tribe, Mkpat Enin communi- ties, Ngbo tribe, Okoroete commu- nity, University staff, Yoruba tribe 1992 - 1996 Air traffic controllers 2007 - 2012 Assailants 2005 - 2008 Bakers 1993 - 1999 Bank workers 1998 - 2006 Bus drivers 1993 - 1994 Campaign for Democracy, Ogoni tribe 1999 - 2001 Cattle herders 2007 - 2010 Chevron, Court workers, Inmates, Wardens 2002 - 2005 ChevronTexaco 2004 - 2010 Christian farmers, Local politicians 2011 - 2014 Christian villagers, Fulani Muslims 2010 - 2012 Christian youths, Muslim herdsmen 1991 - 2015 Christians, Muslims 2003 - 2010 Civil Rights Congress, Nigerians 1994 - 2003 Dock workers 2006 - 2011 ExxonMobil 2008 - 2010 ExxonMobil workers 1996 - 2015 Farmers 2002 - 2015 Fishermen, Villagers 2000 - 2011 Football fans, Traditional ruler 1994 - 2000 Football players 1997 - 2010 Foreign oil workers, Oil companies 2002 - 2004 Fulani herders 2001 - 2009 Fulani nomads 2006 - 2009 Gomai community 2004 - 2015 Gunmen 1999 - 2004 Hausa Muslims, Shell workers 1999 - 2002 Hausa tribe 1998 - 1999 Hausa youths, Opposition support- ers, Yoruba youths 1997 - 2009 Health workers 1996 - 2005 Herdsmen 2001 - 2003 Hisbah, Referees, United States 1995 - 2000 Ibo tribesmen 1997 - 2000 Ife tribesmen, Modakeke tribesmen 1999 - 2005 Ijaw militants 1997 - 1998 Ijaw tribe 1997 - 1999 Ijaw tribesmen, Itsekiri tribesmen 1999 - 2006 Ijaw youths 1997 - 2006 Ijaws 1991 - 1991 Islamic fundamentalists, Oil minis- ter, University employees 2007 - 2014 Islamic militants 2000 - 2009 Israel 2003 - 2004 Itsekiri militants, Rival street gangs, Street gangs 1999 - 2003 Itsekiri youths 1991 - 2012 Journalists 1991 - 1992 Jukun tribe, Tiv tribe 1992 - 2012 Lawyers 2005 - 2006 Lebanese citizens, Shia Muslims 2002 - 2003 Majorn firms 2011 - 2012 Muslim cleric, Oil tanker 1993 - 1996 Muslim students 1998 - 2012 Muslim youths 2000 - 2003 National Electric Power Authority 1991 - 2007 Newspaper workers 2007 - 2009 Niger Delta gang 1999 - 2000 Nigerian football fans 2003 - 2009 Nomads 2001 - 2004 Nurses, Tiv tribesmen 2006 - 2015 Oil tanker drivers 2002 - 2007 Oil unions 2004 - 2007 Opposing party supporters 1998 - 2001 Public sector workers 2005 - 2009 Rival university gang, Total, Uni- versity gang 2012 - 2014 Roman Catholic church 1993 - 2010 Shell 1996 - 2002 Shell employees 2005 - 2015 Shiite Muslims 1991 - 2009 Students 2005 - 2007 Sunni Muslims 2000 - 2001 Suspected burglars 1995 - 2010 Tanker drivers 1992 - 2013 Teachers 2001 - 2008 Truck drivers 1994 - 2012 Unidentified gunmen 1993 - 2009 University professors Continued on next page

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Page 8 of Table 304 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 1998 University students 2010 - 2015 Unknown attackers, Unknown bombers, Unknown gunmen 1998 - 2000 Urhobo tribesmen 1996 - 2011 Youths 2001 - 2007 Prisoners, Prisoners

6.34 Republic of Congo (1990-2015)

Table 305: Republic of Congo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 1991 bank and insurance workers, sup- porters of ex-finance minister, uni- versity graduates 2012 - 2012 Opposition supporters of Mathias Elections commission office, Mourn- Dzon ers at morgue, cemetery 1995 - 1995 Elf-Congo Elf-Congo, oil workers, Trades Union Confederation of Congolese Workers 1998 - 1998 former Cobras former Cobras, municipal workers 2007 - 2007 former rebels 1997 - 1997 former Zairian government Cobras, Cocoyes, Ninjas, former Zairian government, men, Ntsiloulous, pro-Kabila supporters non-commissioned officers 1992 - 1992 high school students, soldiers, taxi driver 2015 - 2015 immigrants 2008 - 2008 1993 - 1993 Cobras 2003 - 2005 Ninja militia members 2003 - 2003 Nsiloulous militia members 2002 - 2002 Ntsiloulous voters 2008 - 2015 protesters 2003 - 2007 civilians 2004 - 2004 National School of Civil Service Students 1992 - 2015 opposition supporters 2005 - 2005 public and private school teachers 1994 - 1994 students 1991 - 2000 university students

233 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.35 Rwanda (1990-2015)

Table 306: Rwanda Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1991 - 1999 central government 1992 - 1992 Coalition for the Defense of the opposition members, soldiers, taxi Republic, police, ruling party drivers 1992 - 1994 Democratic Republican Move- ment members 1990 - 1990 FPR Rebels 1993 - 1993 FRP Rwandan civilians Burundi soldiers 1990 - 2010 Government 1995 - 1996 Hutu militia 1992 - 1993 Hutus, ruling party supporters Tutsi 1994 - 2004 Interahamwe 2003 - 2003 Kagame supporters, President- elect, Paul Kagame 1994 - 1994 Martin Bucyana, leader of demonstrators, rebel supporters aid workers, former government Coalition for the Defense of the militia, former rebel soldiers, Republic, presidential guard, French, opposition supporters, Rwanda Patriotic Front, Social Refugees Democratic Party members 1991 - 1992 opposition parties 2010 - 2010 Opposition parties Journalist, Opposition leader, Op- position officials, Unknown attack- ers 1996 - 1996 Prison, Prison guards, RPA citizens Formern Armed Forces members, soldiers, Rwandan soldiers Former soldiers, Health clinic, Hutu exiles, Hutu extremists, Jails, shop- keepers, War crimes investigators, women, Zairean soldiers 1995 - 1995 RPA, Rwanda Patriotic Army Former Patriotic Army officers, For- officers, Rwandan governor mern soldiers, international com- munity, returning Hutu refugees, Tutsi soldiers, UN Assistance Mis- sion to, village residents 1994 - 1995 RPF Hutu refugees 1995 - 1997 Rwanda Patriotic Army 2013 - 2013 Rwandan Government Democratic Republic of Congo Troops, International Criminal Tri- bunal of, Kigali Market, Rwandan protesters 2014 - 2014 Democratic Forces for the Libera- BBC, bus stop, guards, Jean- tion of Paul Dukuzumuremyi, university students 1997 - 2009 FDLR Rebels 2015 - 2015 protesters British embassy 1995 - 2012 Citizens 1992 - 2008 civilians 1995 - 2011 Civilians 2012 - 2012 Attackers, Bombers, Demorcratic Republic of Congo Army 1999 - 1999 English-speaking students 1995 - 2006 France 1997 - 2002 genocide survivors 2008 - 2008 Germany 1997 - 1997 hospital, Hutu militants, Interna- tional tribunal court chief prosecu- tor, Louise Arbour, released prison- ers, students 1993 - 1997 Red Cross, unknown 1993 - 1995 refugees 2004 - 2004 Rwandan villagers 1995 - 2002 United Nations 2011 - 2013 Unknown 2010 - 2013 Unknown bombers

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235 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.36 Senegal (1990-2015)

Table 307: Senegal Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2011 - 2011 Alliance for the Republic, Pro- Protesters Civilian Fed Up, International Association government protesters, Sene- of Peacekeepers, Opposition orga- galese army, Sengalese army, nized protest Socialist Party supporters 2000 - 2000 Democratic Party supporters Casamance villagers, Nigerians and Nigerian embassy, Travelers 1990 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2014 government Karim Wade supporters, protesters court, Ebola patient, gay men, Mob, students, young men 1991 - 1991 Member of Parliament 2009 - 2009 Military Chinese construction company, Chinese traders, Christians, Is- lamic protesters 2010 - 2010 Opposition parties Civilian protesters Association of Women of West Africa, Global Voice Group, Na- tional Federation of Bakers of, Na- tional Union of Post and Telecom- munications, Opposition organized protesters, University authorities, University students 2012 - 2012 Police - Criminal Investigation Anti-government demonstrators, Citizen Attackers, Disciples of Muslim Division, President Abdoulaye Y’en a marre (Fed up) movement leader Chiekh Bethio Tioune, Fuel Wade led by rapper, Y’en a marre (Fed industry workers, Gambian Em- up) movement led by rappers bassy, Ivory Coast soccer play- including Simon and Kilifeu ers and fans, Mauritanian refugees, Municipal prison, Opposition lead- ers, Professors, Public transport workers, Senegal soccer fans, Stu- dents at Ziguinchor University, Truck carrying polling material, United Nations refugee agency, Uni- versity of Dakar students, Uni- versity professors, Women, Youths (201... ¡truncated¿ 2007 - 2012 Police 2000 - 2011 Ruling party supporters 2013 - 2013 Senegalese Government Anti-Corruption protesters, Univer- sity of Cheikh Anta Diop, Univer- sity Students 2002 - 2002 Senegalese soldiers MFDC rebels Gabonese government, Gabonese students, Management company, Oil workers, Relatives of ferry vic- tims 2005 - 2005 Solidarity Minister Idrissa Seck Gambian government, Public health workers, Senegalese truckers 2004 - 2007 Breakaway MFDC faction 1990 - 2003 Casamance Rebels 1991 - 2013 Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance 2007 - 2007 Rebel faction Air employees, Disabled ex- soldiers, Rival faction, Street vendors, Transport unions 1999 - 2002 Rebel soldiers 1999 - 2011 Rebels 1993 - 2012 Citizens 2008 - 2011 Civilians 2003 - 2003 Senegalese citizens African countries, Gambian citizens 2001 - 2001 Air Afrique, Air Afrique employ- ees, Senegalese women, Senegalese peacekeepers 1997 - 1997 Air traffic controllers, Immigrants 2009 - 2010 Casamance Movement of Demo- cratic Forces 2015 - 2015 Charlie Hedbo magazine, Sambou Biagui (organizer) 1998 - 1998 Electricity workers 2008 - 2008 Groups of men, Newspaper offices, State media, Teachers 1993 - 1993 Guinea, Guinean citizens 1999 - 1999 Ibadou Rahmane, Mouride Muslims 2006 - 2010 Israel 2004 - 2004 Journalists, Media workers, Pakistani-Saudi businessman Ahmed 2006 - 2006 Lebanese immigrants 1994 - 1994 Moustarchidines 2000 - 2012 Opposition supporters 2001 - 2003 Senegalese Muslims, U.S. govern- ment 2010 - 2011 Soccer fans Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 307 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2004 - 2009 Soldiers 2001 - 2012 Students 2002 - 2005 Transportation workers 2002 - 2011 Villagers

237 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.37 Sierra Leone (1990-2015)

Table 308: Sierra Leone Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2009 All People’s Congress, Police, Civilians Ex-civil war combatants, Prisoners Prison guards 2007 - 2011 All People’s Congress sup- porters, Sierra Leone People’s Party supporters 2002 - 2002 All Peoplle’s Congress, Ernest currency exchangers, Nigerian busi- Bai Koroma nessmen 1996 - 1996 army, Kamajor militia commercial drivers, election offi- cials, election opponents, election supporters, military regime, na- tional soccer team, soccer federa- tion, supporters of female circum- cision, voters 1990 - 2008 central government 1997 - 1997 civil servants hospital, journalists, market traders, National Union of Stu- dents, Nigeria 2010 - 2010 Conde supporters Diallo supporters Doctors, Health workers, Nurses 1991 - 2010 Government 2014 - 2014 government ambulance, burial teams, burial workers, doctors, Ebola team, Free- town Connaught Hospital, Free- town Hospital, health workers, Ken- ema Hospital, mob 1991 - 1991 government troops RUF fuel distribution companies, Na- tional Patriotic Front of Liberia rebels, Saddam Husein, Sierra Leoneans, taxi drivers 2001 - 2001 Kamajor fighters, Pro- Former rebels government militia Kamajor 2005 - 2005 Labour Congress 2012 - 2012 Opposition party supporters, African Minerals - iron-ore mining Opposition People’s Party, company, Diamond mine workers, Ruling All People’s Congress Miners, OCTEA - diamond mining members, Ruling party sup- company, Sriking miners, Striking porters diamond mine workers 2006 - 2006 police hospital management 2007 - 2009 Sierra Leone People’s Party 2007 - 2007 supporters of People’s Move- Artists for Peace human rights groups, politcal ac- ment for Democratic Change tivists, political parties, South African diamond fire 1994 - 1994 Krahn faction of United Libera- tion Movement, Mandingo faction of United Liberation Movement 1994 - 2000 rebels 2001 - 2003 Citizens 1994 - 2014 civilians 1998 - 1998 Birtain’s High Commissioner, uni- versity professors 2003 - 2003 comedian fans, health care workers, Johnny Pual Koroma, local comedi- ans, military supply depot 1999 - 1999 demobilized soldiers, postal work- ers, unkown 2000 - 2000 former child soldiers, former rebels 1992 - 1992 former military officers, soldiers 1999 - 2001 former soldiers 1995 - 1995 fuel tanker drivers, John Coker, refugees, Womens organization 2008 - 2008 Konikay villagers, Rokel villagers, university workers 2011 - 2011 Land disputants 1991 - 2003 Liberian rebels 2004 - 2006 Liberian refugees 2015 - 2015 Local populace, Unknown 2004 - 2004 local students, supporters of former government minister Sam Norman, war crimes court 2001 - 2014 nurses 2005 - 2007 opposition supporters 1990 - 2006 students 1991 - 1997 teachers 1995 - 2006 United Nations 1996 - 2006 unknown 1991 - 2007 women 1997 - 2000 youths

238 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.38 Somalia (1986-2015)

Table 309: Somalia Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 Abdulahi Qayad Barre, African Abdirahman Sandhere, Adan Abdukadir Mohamed Nur, Banoda Union soldiers, army camp, Garar, Al-Shabaab militants, Clan restaurant, Galmudug gang, Ira- army convoy, education min- militia, Clan Militia, Ismael Jabhad nian vessel, Jazeera hotel, Makka istry, government, government Al Mukarram hotel, Puntland gang, officials, Lisban Osman Ali, Sahafi hotel, suspected Islamic mil- Liyu Police, military check- itants, UAE diplomatic convoy, UN point, MP Abdulahi Hussein bus, UN employee, wedding, Wehe- Mohamud, MP Adan Haji Hus- liye and Siyaad hotels, Yusuf Dhire sein, MP Mohamed Ahmed Gurhan, MP Said Hussein Nur, police station, Security forces, Security Forces, US drone strike 2005 - 2010 African Union 2012 - 2012 African Union and Somali al-Shabab, Issa Yuluh - pirate Citizens Abdi Jeylani Malaq Marshale - troops, Danish warship HDMS leader, Military base (Somaliland), comic working for Radio Kulmiye, Absalon (part of NATO Ocean Military court (Somaliland) Abdikarin Hashi Kediye - NGO Shield anti-piracy force), Eu- worker for Towfiq Development Or- ropean Union naval forces, ganization worker and his driver, Government troops, Mili- Abukar Hassan Kadaf - Somali- tary (Puntland), Military weyn radio station director, Ali checkpoint, Military vehicle, Ahmed Abdi - journalist for news Mohamud Ibrahim Garweyne website, Armed men, Attacker, - member of parliament, So- Col. Abdi Hassan Awale Qeyb- malian members of parliament, did - former powerful warlord, po- Somalian Parliament, U.S. lice chief, Farhan Abdulle - radio Navy Seal Team 6 journalist, Foreign national, Gun- man, Hassan Osman Abdi - radio station director, Hassan Yusuf Ab- suge - journalist for indpendent Ra- dio Maanta, Hijacked cargo vessel, International Aid Services aid work- ers, Meeting site for constitutional vote, Mohamed Mohamud Turyare - journalist for radio station Ra- dio Shabelle, Muhyadin Hassan - journalist, Pirate mothership, Re- porter for Radio Galkayo, Spanish navy warship, Spanish vessel Izur- dia, Suicide bombers, Suicide car bomber, Unidentified gunmen, Un- known assailants, Village Restau- rant, Warsame Shire Awale - co- median working for Radio Kulmiye, Yusuf Ali Osman - reporter, direc- tor of Somalia’s Information Min- istry 2014 - 2015 African Union base, African hotel Union troops, Kenyan mili- tary, presidential palace, secu- rity forces 2014 - 2014 African Union forces, AMI- al-Shebab, Militia leader Iftin Has- civilians Abdullahi Ali Anshur, caf , doctor, SOM, AMISOM convoy, Army san Basto, Shebab, Shebab intelli- nurse, Engineer for Turkish com- wives, AU warplanes, Deputy gence official Abdishakur, Shebab pany, former lawmaker and current Security Commander Ahmed militant Sahal Iskudhuq, warlord MP, freelance journalist, Golden Omar Mudane, Kenyan mili- Ahmed Daci, militiamen Hotel, gunmen, Jazeera Hotel, Jili- tary plane, Legislator Isq Mo- cow intelligence and detention facil- hamed Rino, MP Ahmed Mo- ity, Karan market, Kenyan teacher, hamud Hayd, Parliament, Po- Kudha Island, lawmaker Saado Ali lice Chief Adirahman Abbas, Warsame, lawmaker Sheikh Adan policeman, senior local offi- Madeer, Legislator Abdiaziz Isak, cial, soldiers and African Union polio workers, Reporter Yusuf Key- forces, US military nan, rival clan, soldiers, street cleaners, suicide bomber, Turkish Airlines security coordinator, TV reporter Abdirizak Jama, UN con- sultants, UN convoy, unknown, un- known gunmen 2013 - 2013 African Union Troops, Beled- Abdirahim Hassan, Swedish weyne Police, French Troops, Politician, Beachside Restaurant, Galkayo Police, Ministry of Bossaso Prison, Liboi Mosque, Public Works, President Has- Maka al Mukarama Hotel, Mo- san Sheikh Mohamud, Sheikh gadishu market, Qatari Officials, Adan Mader, Member of Par- Somali Court System, Syrian liament, Somali Government, Doctors, The Village Eatery US Government, US Navy (Mogadishu restaurant), Turkish Seals Diplomats, Unknown militants Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 309 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2008 - 2008 Ali Jama Bihi, Huseenow Chinese ship, Daryeel Bulsho Guud, Ronow Shiek, Military Dir subclan, Foreign journalists, Greek ship, Huber clan, India, Ira- nian cargo ship, Jordanian fish- ing vessel, Le Ponant, Libya, Lo- cal journalist, MV Faina, Pakistani oil worker, Saudi oil tanker, Shekal clan, Spanish fishermen, Svitzer Korsakov, UN Development Pro- gram, Unspecified clan 1997 - 1997 Ali Mahdi’s militia Somali Salvation Democratic Front Habr-Yonis civilians Digil-Mirfle clans, Habr-Jeclo militiamen, Port workers, Sufi Dervishes, UN World Food Pro- gramme, UNICEF workers 2006 - 2006 Alliance for the Restoration of Abukar Omar Adan militia, AR- Adde subclan, Al Taj, Boqol-Hore Peace and Counter-Terrorism, S/UIC, Bashir Raghe Shiral militia, subclan, Catholic nun, Foreigners Gunmen loyal to transitional Juba Valley Alliance (warlord Abdi (Denmark), Gunmen of the Ra- president Yusuf, Islamic Courts Egal), Juba Valley Alliance (war- hanwein clan, Hawad subclan, Is- (Sheikh Nur Ollow) lord Barre Aden Shire), Militia of lamic Court militia, Islamic court Abdi Hassan Awale Qeydiid (Saad protesters, Islamic courts, Islamic subclan), Militia of Abdi Shakur Courts, Islamic Courts Union, Is- Sa’id, Warlord supporters (Abgal lamic gunmen, Islamic militia, Is- clan) lamic militiamen, Islamist militia, Islamist supporters, Jilible subclan, Peacekeeper supporters, Supreme Islamic Council of Somalia, Tax protesters, WFP 2007 - 2007 Almarjan, Militia loyal to the Ethiopian troops, Militia of Mo- Abgal clan faction, CARE workers, President, US navy hamed Qanyare Afrah, protesters Civilian protesters, French journal- ist Gwen Le Gouil, Japanese chem- ical tanker, Merchants, Murusade subclan, MV Rozan, North Ko- rean flagged vessel, Somali mili- tants, Taiwanese flagged ship 1999 - 2000 Digil Salvation Army Aidid loyalists 2001 - 2001 Faction of Abdullahi Yussuf Faction of Musa Sude Yalahow, Somaliland civilians Abgal subclans, Digil clan, Formal Ahmed, Government of Soma- Faction of Yusuf Haji Nur, SRRC organized by the Private Education Network, UN ex- liland, Loyalists of Abdullahi business community patriates, Unknown militia Yussuf, Loyalists of Yussuf Ha- jji Nur 1994 - 1995 Fighters loyal to Mohamed Fighters loyal to Abdulrahman Ibrahim Egal Tuur 2011 - 2011 Forces of Sheik Ali Gamey, Aid agencies, Buhodle clans, Inter- Puntland army, Somali army national community, Refugee, WFP workers, Worshippers 1986 - 2010 Government 2001 - 2002 Government of Puntland, Loy- Rahanwein factions Demonstrators alists of Omar Mohamed Mo- hamed 1996 - 1996 Guards, Mohammed Farah Ai- Somaliland army forces ADRAS-AID, Hawadle clan militia, did, Supporters of Ali Mahdi Murusade sub-clan, Somali mourn- ers, UN aid workers, Villagers 2004 - 2004 Gunmen of Miina Shibis Militia of Mohamed Hirsi Morgan Christian missionaries, Duduble subclan, Farmers, Female circum- cision, GTZ, Gunmen of Bashir Raage, Murursade subclan, Ri- val militias of the Galjel subclan, Hawiye clan, Saleemaan clan, So- mali National Salvation Council, Somali Women’s Chamber of Com- merce, Ulema 2002 - 2002 Interim prime minister, Loyal- Loyalists of Mohamed Omar Baben, Hawiye subclan, Majerten militia, ists of Ibrahim Artan Isamai, Opposition militia Qubey subclan, Sa’ad subclan Militia forces of Mohamed Musa, Militia forces of Omar Habeb 2000 - 2002 Loyalists of Musa Sudi Yala- Garre subclan, Rahanwein sub- how clans 2000 - 2000 Newly inaugurated president, Somaliland civilians Abdalla-agoonyar subclan, AC- Somali MP, Somalia, Somalian CORD, Action Against Hunger, president Armed robbers, Awalyahan sub- clan, Biyomal subclan, CARE, CARE food convoy, Djibouti, Eli-agoonyar subclan, Galje’el subclan, Gido subclan, Habr-Gedir subclan, Habr Gedir subclan, Ma- jerten subclan, Mobelyn subclan, Mohamed-Subeyr subclan, Shikal subclan, Tuni subclan, Unidentified sub-clan, Unknown rival sub-clan 2001 - 2011 Police, Transitional govern- ment 2005 - 2005 Prime minister Ali Mohamed Hassan Mohammed Shati Gudud Centre for Research and Dialogue, Gedi, Somali military, Somali militia, Mohamed Dheere, Mo- Cruise liner, Foreigners, Garre clan, police, Speaker of Parliament, hammed Ibrahim Habsadi militia, Hawiye clan militia, Hubeer fac- Supporters of Muse Sudi Yala- Somaliland police tion, Maritime shipping, Sweden, how Unspecified tribe, Yantar faction Continued on next page 240 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 309 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2004 - 2008 Puntland 2010 - 2010 Puntland government, Punt- Shabab, Shabab organized American Pastor, Majerteen clan, land security forces protesters Squatters, Women and children or- ganized by civil society group 1995 - 1995 Somali National Alliance United Somali Congress/Somali Ethiopian refugees, Foreign fish- National Alliance ermen, International Red Cross, Italian doctors, Moslem imams, Refugees, UN employees 1999 - 1999 Supporters of Hussein Aidid, Daud and Galmah tribes loyal to Civilians businessmen Armed groups in Mogadishu, Supporters of Mohamed Said Muse Sudi Yalahow, Gunmen loyal Bantu, Businesses, Daud sub-clan, Hersi to Hussein Haji Bod, Militia of Mo- Galhel sub-clan militia, Galjel hamed Saeed Hirsi, Militia of Omar militia, Militia, Moblen subclan, Haji Murursade sub clan, Muslim com- mander, Odejen sub-clan, Random militias, Reer-Baare sub-clan, Rival militias, Sheikhal subclan, Shikhal sub-clan, Suleman subclan, Umal- Qura school, UNICEF doctor, Unspecified militias, Waiysle sub- clan, Walamboy sub-clan, World Food Program convoy 1993 - 1996 Supporters of Mohamed Farah UN peacekeepers Aidid 2001 - 2008 Transitional Government 1993 - 2009 United States 1993 - 1993 US armed forces Supporters of Mohamed Said Hirsi, Canadian troops, Jijele clan, Supporters of Omar Jess Prisoners, Sean Devereux, Somali demonstrators, Somali Demon- strators, UN Secretary General, Unknown gunman, Wardens 1997 - 1998 Al-Itihad Al-Islam, Militia of Mo- Aidid militiamen, Marjerten clan hamed Siad Hersi 2005 - 2008 Al-Qaeda Journalists, UNICEF 2009 - 2010 Al-Shabab 2009 - 2009 Al-Shabab supporters, Insurgents Administrative district, Bombers, Egyptian teacher, Israel, Journalist, Juba Community Care, Kota Wa- jar, Sailors, Shipping, Tablighi Ja- maat, UN workers 2013 - 2015 Al Shabaab 1999 - 2007 Ethiopia Marjeten clan 1999 - 2004 Juba Valley Alliance 1995 - 1996 Militia forces of Osman Ato 1998 - 1998 Militia of Ali Mahdi, Militia of Has- Ayr clan, Businessmen, Darod clan, san Ali Atto, Rahanwein Resistance Eyr sub-clan, French tourists, Gal- Army members adle clan, Galadle subclan, Italy, Marjeten militia, Moalin-Weyne clan, Moalin-weyne subclan, Somali residents 2003 - 2003 Militia of Mohamed Omar Habeb, Isha Human Rights Organization, Rahanwein Resistance Army fac- Local militia, Mohamed Musa sub- tion of Hassan Mohamed Nur, Rival clan, Peace and Human Rights Net- RRA faction, Somaliland protesters work, Rival clans, Somali gunmen, Warring factions 1997 - 2007 Militiamen 2005 - 2015 Pirates 2006 - 2011 Protesters 1996 - 2002 Rahanwein Resistance Army 1997 - 2002 Somali National Front 1998 - 2006 Somali warlords Suleiman sub-clan 2004 - 2011 Somaliland 1992 - 1999 United Somali Congress 1995 - 1999 United Congress Murusade clan 1990 - 2011 Civilians 1990 - 1990 Muslim civilians Armed gang 1999 - 2001 Somali civilians 1995 - 2000 Abgal clan, Ayr subclan 1994 - 2003 Abgal subclan 2006 - 2007 African peacekeepers, Islamic court supporters 1997 - 2008 Aid workers 1995 - 2003 Bandits 2012 - 2015 Car bomber 2003 - 2004 Dir clan, Somali factions 1997 - 2009 Doctors without Borders 1998 - 2004 Duduble clan 2000 - 2003 Egypt 1992 - 1993 Foreign troops 1998 - 2003 Galjel clan 2000 - 2006 Galjel subclan 1995 - 2015 Gunmen 2001 - 2006 Haber Gedir clan, Saad subclan 1997 - 1999 Habr Gedir clan 1994 - 1994 Habre Gedir tribesmen, Indian doc- tors, Jidwak clan, Murosade clan, Somali clans, Somali job seekers Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 309 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2007 Hawadle subclan 2000 - 2001 Islamic Court 1996 - 2012 Kidnappers 1992 - 2007 Looters 1995 - 2007 Marehan clan, Unknown clan 1998 - 1999 Marehan militia 2005 - 2007 Masked gunmen 1990 - 2010 Muslim protesters 1993 - 1998 Red Cross workers 1998 - 2010 Sa’ad clan 1998 - 2008 Saad clan 1993 - 2007 Somali protesters 2011 - 2015 Suicide bomber 2004 - 2005 Suleyman subclan 1995 - 2001 Traders 1992 - 1995 UN 1993 - 2013 United Nations 2000 - 2015 Unknown 1994 - 2010 Unknown attackers 2010 - 2013 Unknown bombers 1996 - 2001 Unknown faction 1994 - 2013 Unknown gunmen 1986 - 1986 Various militias 1995 - 2010 World Food Program

242 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.39 South Africa (1990-2015)

Table 310: South Africa Page 1 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 African Christian Democratic Coal miners, White members of Citizen, Citzens 17-year-old girl, AgriWes-Cape Party members, African Na- Afrikaner Resistance Movement - - group that represents farmers, tional Congress headquarters, far-right organization AngloGold Ashanti, AngloGold Court, Courts, Defense Min- Ashanti mine, Aquarius Platinum, ister Nosiviwe Noluthando Arrested mine workers, Art gallery, Mapisa-Nqakula, Democratic Assistant truck driver Gary Stew- Alliance (DA) - opposition art, Association of Mineworkers party, Members of African and Construction Union, Atlatsa National Congress (ANC) Resources Corporation, Attack- Women’s League, Ministry ers, British High Commission, of Trade and Industry, Sisi Congolese immigrants, Congress Khampepe - Constitutional of South Africa Trade Unions Court judge, her family, Siya (COSATU), Cousin of National Dlamini - opposition Inkatha Union of Mineworkers (NUM) Freedom Party (IFP) member, shop steward, Daluvuyo Bongo Zwelinzima Vavi - general - local branch secretary of Na- secretary of the Congress ofn tional Union of Mineworkers at Trade Unions (COSATU) Western Platinum, Families of arrested miners, Farm employers, Farm workers, Farmers, Feeder-bus drivers, Forbes & Manhattan Coal, Gold Fields gold mine, Gold Fields International, Gold mine workers, Gold One - mining company, Gold One International mine workers, Group of males, Harmony Gold, Homosexual man, Impala Platinum - platinum mining company, Impala Platinum workers, Injured mine worker, Joseph Kabila - Presi- dent of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Kumba Iron Ore, Lonmin PLC, Lonmin PLC mine, Members of Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU), Members of mine unions, Members of National Union of Mines (NUM), Mine workers, Mine workers at Karee mine, Miner, Miners working for Impala Platinum, Mining con- tractors, Mooiplaats coal mine, National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) branch chairperson, Oppo- nents of youth subisidy, Petmin - multi-commodity mining company, Platinum mine workers, Royal Bafokeng Platinum, Samancor Chrome, Striking Anglo American Platinum miners, Striking coal miners, Striking Gold Fields’ mine workers, Striking gold miners, Striking Lonmin mine workers, Striking mine workers, Striking miners, Striking transport workers, Striking truck drivers, Toyota Boshoku, Toyota South Africa, Toyota workers, Transport bar- gaining council, Transport sector employers, Two youths, Unions representing miners, University, Unknown attacker, Unspecified, Unspecified citizens, Vigilante group, Village Main Reef - gold producer, Walter Sisulu University, Walter Sisulu University students, White citizens, Xstrata Platinum, Zambian soccer team 1990 - 2012 African National Congress, Government, Police 2015 - 2015 African National Congress bombers civilians attackers, attackers of immigrants, (ANC), President Zuma author, civil society organizations, conservation groups, demonstra- tors, Eskom power company, foreign shopkeeper, foreign shops, gangs, il- legal immigrants, immigrants, loot- ers Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other lynch mob, mining companies, Na- tional Education Health and Al- lies Workers Union, National Union of Metal Workers of (NUMSA), National Union of Metalworkers of (NUMSA), National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), opposition lawmakers, poaching, statues, stu- dents, taxi drivers, Uber office, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Vaal University, Zimbabwean man and woman 1991 - 2012 African National Congress sup- Gunmen, Miners porters 1990 - 1990 African National Congress Anti-apartheid protesters, black Activists, Alexandra Civic Organi- Women’s League, Black work- National Union of Mineworkers, zation, Armed whites, Black ac- ers supporting the ANC, Chief Black rioters, Ciskei army, Venda tivists, Black men, Black teach- minister Hudson Ntasanwiki, Defense Force, Venda government ers, British embassy, Congress ofn Conservative Party, White Trade Unions, English cricket team, police officers, White pro- National Unemployed Workers Co- apartheid supporters, Xhosa ordinating Committee, Right wing supporters of the African Na- assailants, South Africa Transport tional Congress, Zulu Inkatha Services, Taxi group, Taxi groups, Freedom Party movement Trains, white Mine Workers Union, Xhosa mine workers, Zulu mine workers, Zulus (Inkatha movement) 1990 - 1994 Afrikaner Resistance Move- Bophuthatswana government, ment, Civil servants Ciskei government 1993 - 1993 Afrikaner Volksfront, Army Amy Biehl, Chris Hani White civilians Black commuters, Black workers, troops, Local court Christian churches, Dlamini clans, Koppies Action Committee, Mil- itant white nationalist, Mnguni clans, Oil stations, Pan Africanist Congress, Philip Ndlovu, Randgold, Station chief, White motorist 1990 - 2011 ANC Protesters Squatters 1994 - 2014 ANC activists 2014 - 2014 ANC campaign staff mem- Bhayi Mehlonkomo, Lonmin mine citizen, local people Anglo American Platinum miner, ber, ANC party, Democratic protesters arsonists, Dex Kotze, ex-colonel Alliance marchers, Economic Patrick Karegeya, exiled Rwan- Freedom Fighters, Julius dan general Faustin Kayumba Malema, local government, Nyamwasa, Food and Allied Work- local mayor, local officials, ers Union, foreign-owned shops, police, businesses, opposition gay-friendly mosque, Johannesburg party member, President Jacob provincial legislature, Lonmin Zuma mine, Malema supporters, metals and engineering firms, MMSV Pro- ductions, mob, murder suspects, non-striking mineworker, NUM members, NUMSA, Platinum com- panies (Anglo American Platinum, Impala Platinum, Lonmin), postal workers, residents, Rwandan Em- bassy, Rwandan government, shops, Soap actors, striking miners, sugar producer companies, sugar workers, Tanzanian men and Rwandan man, backed by Rwandan government, Unilever, union official, unknown attackers 1992 - 1992 ANC gunmen, ANC militants, Azanian National Liberation Army, Doornfontein mine, Genmin mining Democratic Party, Xhosa ANC Azanian Youth Organization company, Hospital workers, Iscor supporters, Zulu Inkatha Free- (AZAYO) mining company, PA Sound Corp., dom Party supporters Paul Simon, Toyota, Transvaal Provincial Administration, Unspec- ified mob 1991 - 1991 ANC mourners, ANC support- Ciskei military officers, Government Anti-tax protesters, Armed groups, ers (Xhosas), Boer Republican of Bophuthatswana Auto companies (Toyota, BMW, Party, IFP supporters (Zulus) Nissan, Delta, Samcor, Nercedes Benz), Bafokeng South mine, Ba- sotho miners, Black children, Black youth, College students, Gold Fields company, National Medical and Dental Association, Olympic Committee, Political prisoners, Political prisoners (Mafeking Anti- Repression Forum), Right wing groups, Sam Ntulu, Smugglers, Zulu factions 1990 - 2008 ANC supporters 2011 - 2011 ANC Youth League, State Apartment tenants, Chemical, owned electricity company Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers Union (CEP- PWAWU), Congolese opposition supporters Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other DRC, Egypt, Guide a Nation, South African Medical Association, Unions, Various industries 2007 - 2007 Apartheid era police minister Anti drug protesters, Chemical, En- ergy, Paper, Printing, Wood, and Allied Workers’ Union, Ethiopia’s Coalition for Unity and Democ- racy, Ethiopia, Exiled Zimbab- weans, Missing Children, National Petroleum Employers Association, Private sector employers, State housing project residents, Union factions, Univerisity of the Witwa- tersrand 1994 - 1994 APLA supporters, City govern- Bophuthatswana residents, Bo- Children Amalgamated Beverage Industries ments, Government troops, Na- phuthatswana soldiers Ltd., Associated Press, Bottling tional Party supporters, Nel- plant workers, Election workers, son Mandela, President Nelson George Mbele, Inkatha youth wing, Mandela, Umkhonto we Sizwe Iranian Ba’hai worshippers, Jo- members han Heyns, National Peacekeeping Force, National Peacekeeping Force instructors, Right wing bombers, Right wing whites, South Western Civic Organization, White radicals 1995 - 1995 Black police, Joseph Nduli, Hospital administrators, Nige- Parliament, White police ria, Nurses, Railway and Harbor Workers Union, Shangaan miners from Mozambique, Sotho migrant workers, South African-Nigerian Democratic Support Group, South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union, South African Prisoners Organization for Human Rights (SAPOHR), South African Railway and Harbour Workers Union, University of, Unknown factions 1999 - 1999 Black soldier, Herstigte Na- Hard Livings Leader Cattle rustlers, Chinese, Chinese sionale Party, New National anti-crime advocate, Criminal sus- Party, UDM politician, United pects, Funeral goers, Great Britain, Democratic Movement Mgubevu tribe, National Union of Technikon Employees, Onyx Mine, Othame tribe, Processing plant owners, Railway workers, School principal, South African Pelagic Fish Processors Association, Teach- ers, The AIDS Consortium, White soldiers 1997 - 1997 Communist party supporters Mbombeni tribe, Mpondweni tribe, South African Students Congress, South West Joint Civics Associa- tion, Unknown black faction 2009 - 2009 Congress of the People, Local Broadcast workers, Doctors, East- authorities ern Platinum, Human rights ac- tivists, Mbombela Stadium Joint Venture, South African Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors, South African Unemployed People’s Movement, Telkom 2000 - 2000 Courthouse, Magistrate, Oppo- PAGAD Banks, Friends of Zimbabwe, sition party, Western Cape par- Golden Arrow bus company, Inter- liament national Monetary Fund, Investors, Johannesburg Anti-privatization Forum, McDonalds, Members of the People Against Gangsterism and Drugs, Mineworkers Union, Mozambican miners, Muslims, Quds Support Committee, Rival faction, Russia, South African miners, South Africans of Por- tuguese descent, University of Durban-Westville, Volkswagon, World Health Organization 2004 - 2006 Democratic Alliance 2014 - 2015 Democratic Alliance support- protesters unknown ers, government, police 2006 - 2006 Friends of Jacob Zuma Trust, Denmark, Hezbollah supporters, Municiple government, Provin- HIV positive prisoners, Municipal cial government councillor, Muslim Judicial Coun- cil, People Opposing Women Abuse, Private security industry, South African National Security Employ- ers Association Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1998 - 1998 IFP faction, United Demo- Rasheid Staggie AIDS victim, Auto manufactur- cratic Movement supporters ers, Department store employees, Drug gangs, Edgars department store, Family, Local high school, Meadowlands-Dube North Taxi As- sociation, Professional Transport Workers Union, Road Freight Em- ployers Association, School chil- dren, South African Motor Industry Employers Association 2005 - 2005 IFP official, Medicines Control Barclays, Grocery store employ- Council, Department of Health ees, South African Airways, Truck employers, United Association of, United Transport and Allied Trade Unions, White murderers, Zim- babwean protesters, Zululand An- thracite Colliery 1991 - 2009 IFP supporters Impala Platinum Ltd. 1990 - 2002 Inkatha Freedom Party 1992 - 1994 Inkatha Freedom Party sup- Azanian People’s Liberation Army porters 2005 - 2006 Jacob Zuma’s supporters Metrorail 2006 - 2008 Jacob Zuma, Supporters of Ja- cob Zuma 2000 - 2010 Local government South African Transport and Allied Workers Union 2003 - 2008 Movement for Democratic Change 2008 - 2010 Municipal government 2005 - 2011 Municipal governments 1995 - 1996 Parliamentary staff 1993 - 1994 Police and Prisons Civil Rights Black gunmen, Right wing mili- Union, President FW De Klerk tants, White militants 1994 - 2002 Political factions 2001 - 2001 Residents Association con- Landlessns Action Stop Robbery and Murder, trolled by the opposition Black farmers, Cape Town and Dur- party ban port operations, Dalits, Electri- cal worker unions, Eskom, Highveld Steel, Mangete subsistence farm- ers, Mixed race famers, Muslimns, National Taxi Drivers Organiza- tion, Northam Platinum, Rapists, South African residents, Steel work- ers, Zimbabwean residents, Zimbab- weans 2013 - 2013 Sasolburg Police, South Local gangsters, Protesting Farm- Anti-Obama protesters, Associa- African Government ers, Protesting Miners tion of Mineworkers and Construc- tion, Brewery Workers, Exxaro Coal Company, Families of Slain Miners, Fort Hare University, Fort Hare Univesity Students, General Motors, Harmony Gold Company, Implats Platinum Mining Com- pany, NUM, President Obama, SABMillers Brewing Company, Sasolburg Citizens, Unemployedns, Unidentified Miners, Unidentified Prison Gang, Unknown Gunmen, Unknown Vigilantes, Village Main Reef Gold Mine 1994 - 1998 Security guards 1993 - 2009 Soldiers 2000 - 2006 South African Communist Party 1999 - 2000 UDM supporters 1990 - 1999 United Democratic Front Armed men 1996 - 1996 Willem Ratte Black university students Black parents, Drug lord, Gays and lesbians, Imala Platinum Mines, Pro-life demonstrators, School ad- ministration, Sothos, South African Chamber of Mines, South African Clothing and Textile Workers Union, Sri Lanka, Suspected drug dealers, Tamils, Textile employers, United Workers Union, Unknown arsonists, Unknown clan, White right wingers, White university stu- dents, Zulu mob, Zulu nationalists, Zulu royal family 1990 - 1991 Xhosas (ANC) Zulus (Ithanka movement) 2002 - 2002 City government Landless People’s Movement, Via Community policing group, Green- Campesina peace, Nuclear power, Oil refinery, Warriors of the Boer Nation, West- ern Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign, White extremists, Zimbabwean ac- tivists, Zimbabwean immigrants Continued on next page

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Page 5 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2008 - 2008 ANC dissidents Foreign migrants, Golden Falls dia- mond mine, Mozambican migrant, Rampaging mobs, Regional trade unions, White youth, Zimbabwean migrants 1990 - 1998 Black demonstrators Black factions 1990 - 2005 Black protesters 1995 - 2008 Black students Foreigners, White students 1996 - 1999 People Against Gangsterism and Drugs 1998 - 2000 Qibla Security industry employers 2001 - 2010 Rioters 1993 - 2012 Black citizens, Citi- zens 1991 - 2010 Civilians 2010 - 2010 A lone guman, Civil service unions, Farm employees, Illegal miners, Im- migrants, Kayumba Nyamwasa, Lo- cal mine, Mine guards, Municipal workers, Stadium workers, Thieves, Vigalante mobs 1999 - 2005 Accused witches 2003 - 2003 AIDS activists, Anti war protesters, Mapamulo Taxi Association, Stanger Taxi Association, Treat- men Action Campaign 2013 - 2014 AMCU, National Union of Metal Workers 2000 - 2001 Anglican bishops, Soccer players 1996 - 2000 Anglo-American Platinum 2012 - 2013 Anglo American Platinum 1993 - 1996 Armed gang 1997 - 2000 Armed gangs 1991 - 1992 Auto workers, Black miners 2001 - 2006 Automobile Manufaturers Employ- ers Organization 2004 - 2004 Black Gun Owners Association, Families of mercenaries, Junior Doctors Association, Metals em- ployers, Palestinian Solidarity Group, Pharmaceutical Society of, Township leaders, Township residents 1990 - 2010 Blacks, Whites 2009 - 2012 Bus drivers 1999 - 2007 Chamber of Mines 1999 - 2009 Communications Workers Union 1993 - 2005 Commuters, Youths 2007 - 2011 Construction workers 1992 - 2008 COSATU 1991 - 1997 COSATU supporters 1996 - 2007 Drug dealers 2004 - 2010 Eugene Terre’Blanche 1999 - 2001 Foreign powers 1998 - 2003 Gangs 1995 - 2005 Gold Fields of co. 1999 - 2012 High school students 1997 - 1999 Indonesia 1993 - 2006 Israel 1995 - 2001 Mob 1993 - 2007 Murderers 1991 - 2000 Muslim protesters 1998 - 1999 Muslims Against Global Oppres- sion, Unknown attackers 1998 - 2009 National Union of Metalworkers 1996 - 2013 National Union of Mineworkers 1991 - 1998 PAC supporters 1993 - 1998 Pan Africanist Congress supporters, White farmer 2005 - 2008 Pick’n Pay 2005 - 2009 Poor blacks 1990 - 2013 Prisoners 2005 - 2010 Private employers 2004 - 2007 Public sector unions 1990 - 2000 Residents 1990 - 1992 Right wing extremists 1991 - 2001 Soccer fans 2001 - 2008 Somali migrants 1990 - 2009 South African Broadcasting Corpo- ration 1991 - 2004 South African Democratic Teachers Union, United States 2005 - 2015 South African Municipal Workers Union 1993 - 2002 Students Continued on next page

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Page 6 of Table 273 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997 - 2008 Swaziland 1993 - 2010 Taxi drivers 1993 - 2000 Taxi passengers, Unknown bombers 2001 - 2002 Train management 1995 - 2010 Transnet 2006 - 2012 Transport workers 2003 - 2006 Treatment Action Campaign 2011 - 2012 Truck drivers 1990 - 2007 University students 1990 - 1997 Unknown 1991 - 2003 Unknown gunmen 1997 - 1998 White farmers 1995 - 1997 Women 1990 - 1996 Workers, Xhosas, Zulus 1991 - 1995 Xhosa miners 2001 - 2009 Zimbabwe 1999 - 2003 Zulu prince

6.40 South Sudan (2011-2015)

Table 311: South Sudan Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2015 - 2015 Army, government camp, Machar rebel base, Machar rebels, British worker, convoy with jour- government troops, Kiir sup- Rebels nalists, Doctors Without Borders porters/militia, state governor (MSF) staff, Gunmen, ICRC hospi- troops tal, Maban and Renk counties, Mar- ialachak village, Misseriya gunmen, Ngok Dinka chief, Nhialdiu, Re- porter, rogue general troops, South Sudanese territory, state capital of Malakal, Sudanese Army, Sudanese bombers, UN base, Unknown 2012 - 2012 Government, Military, South Lord’s Resistance Army Citizens Balande tribe members, Bandits, Sudanese Army, South Su- Deng Athuai - head of Civil Soci- danese military, Southern Peo- ety group, Diing Chan Awuol - jour- ple’s Liberation Army (SPLA), nalist for news websites Sudan Tri- SSLM/A bune, Gurtong, Dinka community, Dinka Gok tribe youths, Dinka Rek tribe, Dinka tribe farmers, General Malok Riing - Eastern Equatoria state police chief, Lou Nuer tribe, Lou Nuer tribe youths, Murle eth- nic group, Murle tribe, Murle tribe cattle raiders, Murle tribe fighters, Murle tribe members, Nuer tribe members, South Sudanese soldiers, Teenage boy, Unidentified gunmen, United Nations helicopter, United Nations officials, Unknown kidnap- pers, Villages, Warring tribal par- ties 2014 - 2014 government, rebel forces under Machar rebel forces, Machar rebel armed youth, cattle farmers, in- Peter Gadet or SPLA, South forces, White Army ternally displaced ethnic Nuer, Sudanese Military, South Su- UN peacekeepers, Nuer aid work- danese Military (SPLA), SPLA ers, Nuer military trainees, peace army, SPLA soldiers, SPLA, marchers, soldiers, UN convoy of allied militia, SPLA, civilians, barges, UN Helicopter, unidenti- SPLA, Dinka civilian hospital fied gunmen, United Nations, un- patients, SPLA, Dinka, Nuer known attackers, young men, young and other ethnic group civil- women ians, SPLA, Justice Equality Movement, Ugandan soldiers, SPLA, Sudanese militias 2013 - 2013 Jonglei Government, President Machar, Machar, Sudan People’s Pibor Civilians, Wal- Cattle Raiders, Doctors without Kiir, President Salva Kiir Liberation Movement (SPLM), gak Civilians Borders, Eastern Equatoria State White Army Rebels Police, Ethnic Murle, Ethnic Nuer, Farmers in Jonglei State, Farmers in Unity State, Jikany, Murle, Murle Ethnic group, Murle Rebels, Nuer Ethnic group, Nuer Rebels, UN Peacekeepers, Unidentified Gunmen, Unknown attackers, Un- known cattle Rustlers, Unknown Gunmen, US Troops 2013 - 2014 SPLA 2011 - 2011 Lou-Nuer tribesmen, Murle tribes- men

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249 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.41 Sudan (1983-2015)

Table 312: Sudan Page 1 of Table 312 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 Abdelrahman Mohammed Men in civilian African Union-UN peacekeeping Eissa - head of Al-Waha clothes, Citizens mission (UNAMID) policemen, district, District head of the Al-Jarida - daily newspaper, Arab Justice Party, Ibrahim Ba- Misseriya tribe members, Armed landiya - speaker of legislature, groups from South, Catholic Intelligence officers, Men in church, Darfur Regional Authority civilian clothes (DRA) - agency overseeing peace deal in Darfur, Darfur Students Association of Gezira University, Ethiopian UNAMID peackeepers, Ethiopian United Nations-African Union (UNAMID) peacekeeper, Ethnic Tunjur farmers, Gang of gunmen, German Embasy, Gezira University Administration, Student Union, German embassy, Gezira University Administration, Stu- dent Union, Gezira University students, Gezira University stu- dents (in support of), Jamal Al Fadil Farag Allah - UN driver & Sudanese national, Jordanian UN peacekeepers, Journalists, Kidnap- pers, Local militia, Members of Abdelrahman Mohammed Eissa’s Jalul tribe - district chief who was killed, Members of Zaghawa - tribe in Darfur , Muslim mob, Ngok Dinka tribe members, Nigerian United Nations-African Union (UNAMID) peacekeeping patrol, Omdurman University students, Patrick Noonan - British aid worker for UN World Food Programme, Perpetrators of militia attack, Public transportation workers, Rezeigat - Arab tribesmen, Rice farm operated by U.A.E. investors, Somaya Ibrahim Ismail Hundosa - journalist, South Sudanese armed gangs, South Sudanese nationals, Staff of Communist Party newspa- per Al Midan, Sudan Presbyterian Evangelical Church, Sudanese press council, Top official of Kutum town, Tribe, U.N. High Commission for Refugees/Sudan’s Commissioner of Refugees, UN-African Union (UNAMID) camp, UN-African Union (UNAMID) peacekeepers, UN-African Union (UNAMID) peacekeepers patrol, UN-African Union (UNAMID) peacekeepers patrol unit, Unidentified armed groups, United Nations-African Union (UNAMID) convoy, United Nations peacekeepers, University of Khartoum students, Unknown assailants, Unknown attackers, World Food Programme 2014 - 2014 Abdullah Yasin (district Ali Karbino militia, militia loyal civilians, villages, Al-Jazeera staff, journalists, Amer- chief), Communist party to governor of North Darfur, mili- civilians, civilian ica, Arab militia, armed group, members, government bases, tia loyal to Musa Hilal, militias, convoy armed men, CAR citizen, Chief ed- government troops (Rapid Popular Front to Support African itor Osman Mirghani, Darfur Re- Support-2), North Darfur gov- Muslims, rebels, Sudan Liberation gional Authority, displaced peo- ernor, Osman Kbir, policeman, Movement ple, displaced persons, Egyptian pro-government militia, Rapid government, Ethiopian peacekeep- Support Forces, Sudanese air ers, France, funeral attendees, force, Sudanese Armed Forces, GOAL employees, gunmen, Hamar Sudanese government tribe, Islamic demonstrators, Khor Abeche displacement camp, Mellit town, militia, Mirghani attackers, Misseriya tribe subgroup, Mother of Mercy Catholic Hospital, Nige- rian Peacekeeper Sergeant Awesu Soleiman, oilfield workers, reli- gious freedom demonstrators, Rus- sian diplomat Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 312 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Sadiq al-Mahdi supporters, Salah Kafi Quwa, Shafia Abdullah, Sharia court, soldiers, students, Sudan Liberation Army, Sudan People’s Liberation Army - N, Sudan Peo- ple’s Liberation Movement - N, Su- dan People’s Liberation Movement -N, Sudanese journalists, UNAMID Indian contractor, UNAMID peace- keepers, unidentified gunmen, un- known, villages, women and girls, Zambian International Organiza- tion for Migration Staffer 2008 - 2008 Arab dominated government, Ansar al-Tawhid, Darfur rebels African Protesters, Ajras al-Hurria Central government (Justice and Equality Movement), newspaper, Falatta tribe, Habaniya Sudan People’s Liberation Army tribe, Hausa tribe, Indian oil work- (South) ers, Islamist gunmen, Lawyers, Salamat tribe, University student groups, US diplomat 2011 - 2011 Baath Party, Islamic Libera- Militia leader Gabriel Tang, Militia Beli, Dinka Atuot, Joint Integrated tion Party, Popular Defence leader Peter Gadet, Militia leader Unit, Jur, Messeriya, Murle cattle Forces Philip Bepan, Rebel leader Gatluak keepers, Ngok Dinka, Nuer cattle Gai raiders, Rebel leader David Yauyau, South minister for rural develop- ment, Southern government, South- ernese, SSDM, Turkana tribesmen, Ulony militia, University of Khar- toum, Unspecified cattle raiders, Villagers 1999 - 2000 Democratic Unionist Party Bank employees 1983 - 2014 Government 2014 - 2015 government, government peacekeepers, Rezeigat tribe troops 2004 - 2008 Government organized protest 1999 - 1999 Government workers Democratic Forces Front, National African tribesmen, Arab tribesmen, Democratic Alliance Fast International Co., Opposition supporters, Political factions, Rus- sian contracters, Sudanese Com- mercial Bank 1994 - 1994 Local government 1998 - 2000 Military Teachers 2002 - 2002 National Congress, Police re- Anti-government students A grouping of unions, professional cruits, Pro-government stu- organizations, and student groups, dents, Sudanese army al-Nowair tribe, Islamist youths, Is- lamists, Registered political parties 2006 - 2010 National Congress Party 2007 - 2007 National Congress students SPLM students African Union interpreters, British teacher Gillian Gibbons, Darruk tribe, Gimmir tribe, Jamala tribe, Popular Organization for the De- fense of the Faith, Rzigat Aballa tribe, Saddam Hussein, Television station employees and management, Terjam tribe, Torjam tribe, Youth Union 1998 - 2015 Police 2006 - 2006 Police forces, Police officers, African peacekeepers, Al-Qaeda in, Umma Party Anglican worshippers, Dansk Flyt- ningehjaelp (Danish Refugee Coun- cil), Former rebel, Journalist, Pop- ular Organization for the Defense of the Homeland and the Faith, Ro- man Catholic Church, South De- fense Forces, Youth organizations 2005 - 2005 Popular Congress members Ahlia University, Beja tribesmen, Islamic groups, John Garang sup- porters, Sudanese refugee camp, UN deminers, Zande tribe 2004 - 2004 Popular Congress officials, Izzat Salam Al-Sudan (Dignity of Popular Congress officials, Peace in), Physically disabled civil- members, and sympathizers ians 1996 - 2010 Popular Defense Forces 2000 - 2000 Popular National Congress Ethiopian refugees, Faisal Islamic Bank, Southese students, Takfir wal-Hijra gunman 2012 - 2014 President Omar al-Bashir, Su- danese military 1999 - 2006 Regional government 2010 - 2010 Sudan Armed Forces Militia of Galwak Gai, Militia of Angelina Teny’s supporters, At- George Athor Deng, SPLM-DC, uat clan, Cattle raiders, Ciek Sudan People’s Liberation Army/ clan, Civilian protesters, Ethnic Movement, Sudan Peoples Libera- southerners, Gok Dinka, Messeriya tion Army/ Movement Arabs, Northern aligned militia, Nuer, Pyramid scheme, Rek Dinka, Rizeigat Arab tribe, UN, Unity state government Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 312 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2014 Sudanese Army Sudan Liberation Army, Sudan People’s Liberation Army-North 2002 - 2008 Sudanese citizens Lord’s Resistance Army 2013 - 2013 Sudanese Government, Su- Anti-Regime activists, Justice and African Union Troops, Arabs (no danese Police Equality Movement, Mohammed tribe specified), AU Peacekeeper, Bashar, Revolutionary Front, Su- Beni Halba Tribe, Beni Hussein dan Revolutionary Front, Unknown Tribe, Chinese Workers, Democracy rebels protesters, Democratic protesters, Egyptian Military, Fur Tribe (non- Arab), Gimir Tribe, Goldmin- ers, Hamar Tribe, Health Work- ers, Healthcare workers, Khartoum Residents, Local Bandits, March- ing Mourners, Misseriya, Misseriya Tribe, Muslim protesters, Rezeigat Trib... ¡truncated¿ 2003 - 2003 Darfur Rebels, Student supporters Amarar tribe, Armed tribesmen, of the African National Front Bani Amir tribe, High school teach- ers, Sudan University, University of Juba 1995 - 2008 Government sanctioned protesters 2009 - 2009 Local anti-SPLA militia International Red Cross, Jailed Is- lamists, Lou Nuer ethnic gropu, Lou Nuer ethnic group, Mundari tribe, Shilluk tribe, South govern- ment, Unspecified tribe 1990 - 2011 Protesters 2015 - 2015 protesters Aslyum Seekers, Clan militia, Clan Militia, elections, Sudanese Red Crescent staff, Unknown, voting ar- eas 1997 - 2015 Rebels 1995 - 1995 Southern Independence Movement Egypt, Egyptian soldiers, Popu- lar Organization for the Defense of Muslims in Bosnia, Railway work- ers, Serbs, Sudanese soldiers 1993 - 1993 SPLA-United faction Popular Organization for the De- fense of the Faith and the Nation, Supreme Council of the Nuba Peo- ple 1997 - 2011 SPLA 1997 - 1997 SPLA Bahrel Ghazal, Sudanese Al Takfir wa al-Hijra, Democrat rebels students, Ethiopian soldiers, Is- lamist students, Sudanese displaced persons, Ugandan LRA rebels, Ugandan rebels 1993 - 1995 SPLA militants 2006 - 2009 Sudan People’s Liberation Army 2007 - 2008 Sudan People’s Liberation Move- Misseriya tribe ment 2000 - 2011 Civilians 2004 - 2006 African Union 2005 - 2007 African Union peacekeepers, Ban- dits 2005 - 2010 Aid workers 1997 - 2000 Ansar al-Sunna 2006 - 2012 Arab nomads, Journalists 1998 - 1998 Arabs, Mesaleit tribe, Street traders, Student conscripts 2005 - 2012 Armed men 1996 - 1996 Bakers, Youth of the Faith, Za- gawah tribesmen 2001 - 2001 Christians, Ethiopian government, Ethiopian university students, Nile Valley University, Sudanese Popu- lar Organization for Solidarity with the Afghan People 2006 - 2008 Denmark 2010 - 2011 Dinka 2005 - 2009 Dinka tribe 1998 - 2011 Doctors 2007 - 2009 Doctors without Borders, Murle tribe 2006 - 2011 Farmers 2003 - 2005 Gezira University 2005 - 2015 Gunmen 2000 - 2003 High school students 2008 - 2009 International Criminal Court 1991 - 1991 Iraq, Middle East peace conference 2002 - 2010 Israel 2002 - 2015 Maaliya tribe 1996 - 2002 Prisoners 1992 - 2012 Refugees 1996 - 2003 Rizigat tribesmen 1996 - 2012 Soldiers Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 312 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1983 - 1983 Southernese Rebels 1996 - 1997 Student factions 1991 - 2014 Students 1992 - 1992 Taposa gunmen 2007 - 2011 Toposa tribesmen 2008 - 2015 UN peacekeepers 1996 - 2006 United Nations 1990 - 2007 United States 2001 - 2015 University students 2012 - 2013 Unknown attackers 1999 - 2013 Unknown gunmen 1997 - 2004 Vagrants 1993 - 2011 Women 2005 - 2008 World Food Program 2011 - 2012 Youths

6.42 Swaziland (1990-2014)

Table 313: Swaziland Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2000 army political activists courts, trade unionists, trade unions, unknown 1995 - 2008 central government 2011 - 2011 Civil servants Swaziland Democracy Campaign National Network of People liv- ing with HIV/AIDS, School princi- pals, Swaziland Democratic Nurses Union, Swaziland Law Society, Swaziland National Association of Teachers, United States, University students 2012 - 2012 Education ministry, Govern- Citizens Taxi drivers, Teachers, Union lead- ment workers, Teachers/nurs- ers, University of students es/other government workers 2010 - 2012 Government Students 2014 - 2014 police 1995 - 2004 anti-government activists 1996 - 1996 anti-royalist activists, Swaziland street vendors, Swaziland Fed- Democratic Alliance eration of Trade Unions mem- bers, Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions supporters 2003 - 2003 demonstrators 2002 - 2006 People’s United Democratic Move- ment 2002 - 2002 People’s United Democratic Move- Congress of South African Trade ment members, protesters, Swazi- Unions members, lawyers land Democratic Alliance members 2010 - 2010 People’s United Democratic Move- ment of (Pudemo) 2005 - 2005 church group members, trade union members 2008 - 2008 factory owners, textile workers, women 1999 - 2004 Nurses 2004 - 2004 nurses, soccer fans, soccer team 1996 - 2008 pro-democracy supporters 2003 - 2007 public sector workers 1990 - 1994 students 1995 - 1997 Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions 1997 - 2014 Swaziland Youth Congress 1996 - 2000 teachers 1998 - 1998 The Black Tigers 1995 - 1995 university lecturers 1990 - 1995 university officials 1999 - 1999 unkown 2000 - 2004 workers

253 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.43 Tanzania (1990-2015)

Table 314: Tanzania Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005 - 2005 CCM party supporters, CCM Alleged fraudulent voters, Opposi- supporters, CUF party sup- tion legislators, Youths porters 2011 - 2011 Chadema party Bars, Raiders 2014 - 2014 Chama Cha Mapinduzi party, African Barrick Gold mine, albino opposition party members woman, alleged witch doctors, al- leged witches, Anglican theater, at- tackers, farmers, Masai herdsmen, men, mosque, Pendo Emmanuelle Nundi, restaurant for tourists and wealthy locals, unknown bombers, village mob, villagers 2000 - 2000 CUF legislators, CUF mem- Farmers, Miners, Pastoralists, bers, Ruling party followers Sonje tribesmen 2000 - 2005 CUF supporters 1990 - 2012 Government 1996 - 2012 Police 2012 - 2012 Police station Attackers, Christian who urinated on Koran, North Mara Gold Mine, Religious groups, Uamsho - group claiming to safeguard Islamic cus- toms 2015 - 2015 police station albino child, albino man, al- bino toddler, Gunmen, Richard Madirisha 2004 - 2004 Ruling CCM party supporters Muslim community, Unknown as- sailants 2001 - 2001 Ruling party supporters Afgem guards, Burundian rebels, Refugee center, Small-scale miners 1998 - 1998 Civic United Front detainees Al-Qaeda, Rwandan war criminals, United States Embassy, University lecturers, University officials 2013 - 2013 Party for Democracy and Progress Albinos, Christians rally 1995 - 2012 Citizens 1991 - 1991 Tanzanians 1992 - 1992 Air traffic controllers 1993 - 1993 Asian-Tanzanians 2002 - 2002 Burundi refugees, National Bank of Commece, NBC Bank workers, Un- knownn attackers, Utility workers 1997 - 1997 Burundian refugees 2006 - 2006 Creators of Darwin’s Nightmare, Zambians 1994 - 1995 Doctors Without Borders 1999 - 1999 Elderly women, Embassy bombing suspects, Mustapha Mahmoud Said Ahmed 1994 - 1994 Hutus 2001 - 2004 ICTR, Rwandan genocide suspects 1992 - 2013 Muslims 1995 - 2005 Opposition supporters 2008 - 2008 President Bush 1996 - 1996 Railway workers, Rwandan refugees, Tazara management 1990 - 2004 Students 2003 - 2005 U.S. Government 1994 - 1998 United Nations 2003 - 2003 United States 1999 - 2015 Unknown 2013 - 2014 Unknown bombers, Witchcraft Practitioners

254 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.44 Togo (1990-2015)

Table 315: Togo Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1990 - 2006 central government 1998 - 1998 Eyadema civilians voters 1992 - 1997 Eyadema supporters 1992 - 1992 Gen. Eyadema Kaybe tribe, Kotokoli tribe, pro- democracy militants, troops, vil- lagers 1991 - 1991 Gen. Eyadema supporters, anti-Eyadema supporters Chokossi tripe, Konkomba tribe, General Eyadema, public sec- Moba tribe, Mossi tribe, mutinous tor workers, supporters of soldiers, Roman Catholic students Eyadema 2009 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2015 government 2012 - 2012 Government and opposition, Anti-government demonstrators, Citizens, Female citi- BW Rhine - gasoline tanker, Government supporters, Jean Opposition groups led by Let’s zens German-owned tanker, Greek- Pierre Fabre - opposition move- Save owned oil tanker Energy Centurion, ment leader, Security forces Oil tanker, Pirates, Unspecified, Violent mob/militia 2013 - 2013 Let’s Save, Opposition Coali- Teachers Union, Togo Journalists tion, Supporters of Jean-Pierre Fabre, Togo Government, Togo Security Forces 2009 - 2009 Military forces, Ruling party Lynch mob, Thieves officials 2011 - 2014 National Alliance for Change 1992 - 2006 police 1993 - 1993 presidential guard, Togolese anyone not belonging to Eyadema’s army ethnic group, Kabyes, French and German mediators 2002 - 2005 pro-government supporters 2010 - 2010 Republic Front for Change Confederation of African Football, (FRAC), Supporters of Presi- Opposition demonstraters, Soccer dent Faure Gnassingbe protesters 2009 - 2010 Union for the Forces of Change 2014 - 2014 Union for the Republic Let’s Save 1991 - 1992 demonstrators 1991 - 2015 protesters 1994 - 1994 armed men, opposition leader, op- position leader and two supporters, uniformed gunmen 2006 - 2006 German government 2005 - 2005 Olympio 1993 - 1994 opposition 1997 - 2002 opposition groups 1992 - 2005 opposition supporters 1990 - 1993 pro-democracy supporters 2006 - 2007 soccer fans 1991 - 2005 soldiers, students 1991 - 2006 taxi drivers 1997 - 1997 Union of thelese People 2011 - 2011 University of Lome, University stu- dents 1993 - 2007 unknown 1994 - 2003 youth

255 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.45 Tunisia (1991-2015)

Table 316: Tunisia Page 2 of Table 316 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2012 - 2012 Abdelfattah Mourou, a Found- An Art Exhibition, Arms Smug- ing Member of Ennahda, glers, Baghdadi al-Mahmoudi, Border Guards, Ennahda Libya’s Former Prime Minister, Party supporters, Islamist-Led Bars, Christine Lagarde, IMF Government, Islamist Ennahda Director, Cultural Festival, Dar Party supporters, Justice Min- Assabah Journalists and Techni- istry, Local Authorities, Local cians, Ekbes, Gafsa Phosphates Police, Minister of Higher Company, General Union of Education, Moncef Marzouki, Tunisian Students, General Union President, Opposition Party of Tunisian Workers, Groupe Deputies, Police Officers, Chiminique Tunisien, Groupe Policemen, President Moncef Chimique Tunisien Phosphate Marouzki, Provincial Govern- Workers and Truck Drivers, Habib ment, Regional Government, Kazdoghli, Dean of the Humanities Regional Governor, Repub- Faculty at Manouba University, lican Party, Security Forces, Hotel Harchani Bar, Illegal Al- Students Supporting Ennadha, cohol Sellers, Independent Media Supporters of Islamist En- Authority, Ismail Haniyeh, a Top nahda Party, The National Hamas Official, Jobless gradu- Guard, Tunisia’s Constitu- ates, Journalists, Journalists from tional Assembly, Tunisian Essabah and Le Temps, League Justice System, Tunisian for the Protection of the Rev- Security Forces Union olution, Leftist Student Union Members, Legislators, Local Labor Union, Lofti Abdelli Comedy Show, Lofti Touati, Dar Essabah Direc- tor, Makhtar residents, Masked Men, Medical Sector Employees, Municipal Workers, Muslims, Na- tional Journalists’ Union, Nidaa Tounes, Oasis Residents, Opposi- tion Activists, President Obama, Prisoners, Pro-Syrian Demonstra- tors, Radical Islamist Groups, Radical Islamists, Residents, Saida Manoubia Sufi Shrine, Salafist Mil- itants, Taxi driver, Tourism Sector Workers, Tunis Courts, Tunis Mil- itary Tribunal, Tunisia’s Central Court, Tunisian Couple, Tunisian General Labor Union, Tunisian Judges’ Union, Tunisian Media, Ultraconservative Islamist Groups, Unemployed Protesters, United States Embassy, Unknown Gun- man, Unknown Salafist, Wataniya Television, Wissem Hani, Workers, Young Jobless Residents 2014 - 2014 Ben Jeddou, Ennahda support- Ansar al-Shariah, Hizb ut-Tahrir, civilian Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, ers, government, police, inte- Okba Ibn Nafaa alleged terrorists, criminals and rior ministry, Mohammed Ali thieves, foreign militants, gun- Nasri (parliamentarian), Na- men, Islamist extremists, jihadists, tional Guard, National Guard, Kamel Gadgadhi, alleged terror- soldiers, National Guardsman, ists, militant relatives, militants, police, police post, Ennahda of- Mohammed Ali Snoussi, National fice, court, police station, po- Constituent Assembly, public com- lice, Nidia Tunis headquarters, pany, relatives of alleged jihadists, police stations, regional gov- Salafist Islamists, shops, solders, ernment headquarters soldiers, supporters of Meriem Ben Mohamed, terrorist group, terror- ists, UGTT headquarters, unem- ployed protesters, women, workers, youth 2011 - 2011 Border guards, Ennahdha, Pro- Anti-government protesters Al-Qaeda militants, Armed fighters, government protesters, Provi- Demonstrators, Employers, Ground sional government, RCD mem- staff, Islamists, Jridia clan, Judges, bers, Tunisian army Liberals, Libya, Lorry drivers, Manouba University, Nessma TV, Opponents of Muammar Khaddafy, Ouled Bouahia clan, Professors, Refugees, Residents of Ras Ajdir, Soldiers, Tribal factions, Tunis air- port, UGTT, Unemployed man, University of Lome, Unknown as- sailants, Women, Would-be teach- ers Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 316 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2013 Coalition of leftwing groups Ansar al-Sharia, Anti-government Anti-Femen protesters, Anti- (unspecified), Ennahda, Is- activist, Anti-Regime activists, Islamists, Business Owners, Child lamist Party, Islamist Party Brahim Slimani, Tunisian Rape protesters, Egyptian Military, Supporters, Ministry for protesters FEMEN protesters, women’s rights Women’s Affairs, Mohamed group, Islamic Militants, Islamic Brahmi, Popular Movement Terrorists, Islamist protesters, MP, National Salvation Front, Islamist Terrorists, Manouba Opposition Organization, University Students, Opposition Northernn Government, Op- Figures, Riadh Palm Hotel, Salafist position Party Supporters, Muslims, Salah Belaid, Father of Popular Front Party, Popu- Slain Opposition figure, Street lar Front, Opposition Party, Vendors, Tunisian Journalists, President Moncef Marzouki, Tunisian Women’s Rights groups, Pro-Ennahda Party Gang, UGTT Trade Union, Unemployed Tunisian Army, Tunisian Tunisian, Unknown bombers, Un- Government, Tunisian Justice known gunmen, Unknown Suicide Ministry, Tunisian Police, Bomber Tunisian Police Station, Tunisian Security Forces 2009 - 2009 Democratic Progressive Party 2011 - 2012 Ennahda Party Conservative Muslims, Teachers, Youths 1991 - 2012 Government 2014 - 2015 government, security forces judges, soldier 2015 - 2015 military forces, policeman, Tunisia’s League for the Defense of armed militants, Families of vic- President Beji Caid Essebi, Secularism and Freedom tims, Gunman, Gunmen, Islamic President Beji Caid Essebsi, extremists, Khaled Ben Hamadi presidential guard, Ridha Chaieb, Landmine, Riu Imperial Charfeddine, Security forces Marhaba Hotel, Sub-Saharan African students, suspected Is- lamic extremists, suspected Islamic militants, tourists, Tunisian em- bassy workers, Tunisian woman, Tunisians, unknown gunmen 2005 - 2005 Opposition parties Belgian journalist, Oppositionists 2007 - 2011 Police 2012 - 2013 Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali Salafists 1991 - 1991 Coup plotters Assassins, Dutch diplomat, Labor Unions, PLO 2004 - 2004 Progressive Democratic Party National Council for Freedoms in 2007 - 2015 protesters 2011 - 2013 Protesters 2006 - 2007 The Youth of Tawhid and Jihad in 2000 - 2011 Civilians 2002 - 2002 Al-Qaeda, Jewish synagogue 2007 - 2007 Al Qaeda in North Africa, Tourists 2000 - 2000 Algerian militants, Dissidents, Palestinians 1998 - 1998 EgyptAir, Libyans 2006 - 2006 ESS soccer club fans, EST soccer club fans 2013 - 2014 Islamist protesters 2002 - 2009 Israel 2000 - 2012 Journalists, Students 2002 - 2011 Lawyers 1999 - 2004 Soccer fans 2003 - 2003 UGTT trade union 1991 - 2003 United States 1991 - 2015 Unknown

257 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.46 Uganda (1978-2015)

Table 317: Uganda Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2000 Democratic Party, Uganda Young Democrats 2009 - 2009 Ethnic Baganda MPs, Forum Karimojong warriors, Traditional for Democratic Change ruler supporters 2013 - 2013 Forum for Democratic Change, Opposition Coalition For God and Ugandan Journalists Opposition Party, Ugandan My Country (4GC) Government, Ugandan Police 1978 - 2012 Government (1978 - 2012) 2014 - 2015 government 2001 - 2003 Members of Parliament 2012 - 2012 Military Anti-government protesters, Lord’s African Youth Initiative Network Resistance Army - youth group, Edward Echwalu - journalist, Female opposition ac- tivist, Shopkeepers, Women ac- tivists 2014 - 2014 parliament Jobless Brotherhood Group Bakonzo tribe, Basongora tribe, Basongora tribe, Bamba tribe, Church, Christian woman, Mak- erere University, Muslims, search team, suspected murderer, univer- sity students, witchcraft observer, young girl 1998 - 2012 Police 2015 - 2015 Police officer protesters Gunmen, Joan Kagezi, journalists 2010 - 2010 President Yoweri Museveni Al-Shabab Civilians Cattle raiders, International Rescue Committee 2001 - 2001 Security forces FUFA officials, Opposition mem- bers, Soccer players, Truck drivers 1996 - 1996 Ugandan army Bugandan king, Hutu extremists, Merchants, Youths 2011 - 2011 Activists for Change, Kizza Be- Anti-gay protester, Gay activist, sigye, Opposition protesters, Lawyers, Lynch mob, Maternal Protesters mortality, Qaddafi supporters, Thief, United States, Women 1994 - 1994 LRA Junior doctors 2002 - 2002 UPC supporters Business owners 1978 - 1978 Various rebels 1994 - 2012 Citizens 2006 - 2006 Ugandan citizens Christians, Lecturers 1993 - 1993 African Textile Mills 2003 - 2003 Children, Environmentalists, Su- danese refugees 2007 - 2007 Citizens of Asian descent, Ugandan judges 1998 - 1998 Congolese refugees, Sudanese POWs, Taxi drivers, Truck driver, United Nations 1995 - 1996 Doctors 1995 - 1995 Federalism critics, Federalism sup- porters 1999 - 1999 Foreign tourists, Rwandan rebels 2008 - 2008 Gay rights activists, Health work- ers, Teachers 1991 - 1991 Kakira Sugar Company, Muslim youths, Sugar workers 1997 - 1997 Kenyan villagers, Ugandan tribes- men 2001 - 2012 Opposition supporters 2001 - 2006 Soldiers 1996 - 2005 Students 2004 - 2004 Sudanese Toposa tribe cattle rustlers, Ugandan Jie 1993 - 2003 Textile workers 2005 - 2005 Ugandan lawyers, Ugandan traders 2005 - 2008 Ugandan Muslims 1994 - 1996 University lecturers

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259 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.47 Zambia (1990-2015)

Table 318: Zambia Page 1 of Table 318 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2014 - 2014 acting President Guy Scott, environmentalists, football associ- government, Secretary General ation, Zambian women’s football Edgar Lungu supporters team 2015 - 2015 Anti-riot police, Central Gov- Barrick Gold, Hichilema activists, ernment, Patriotic Front party Tanzanian government, Workers at supporters Lumwana copper mine, Workers at the Tanzania Railway Authority (TAZARA) 2012 - 2012 Army, Journalists at state-run Coal miners, Collum Coal Min- Times of ing Industries Ltd., Sugar workers, Times of newspaper, Women and children seeking jobs, Zambia Sugar - subsidiary of South African com- pany 1996 - 2003 Civil servants 1997 - 2001 Civil Servants Union of 2009 - 2012 Government 2006 - 2006 Government lawyers, Ruling Supporters of opposition candidate Chambeshi Mines, Consulate work- party members Michael Sata ers, Doctors, France, Municipal workers, National Union for Miners and Allied Workers, Shanty town residents 2005 - 2005 Magistrates Oasis Forum, Opponents of the Konkola Copper Mines PLC, president Mourning protesters, Senegal, Soc- cer fans, Zambia National Teachers Union (ZNTU) 1991 - 1991 Movement for Multi-Party Democracy, Supporters of United National Indepen- dence Party, United National Independence Party 1992 - 1992 Movement for Multi-party Oppositionists Democracy 2001 - 2001 Movement for Multi-party Bus Drivers and Motor Taxis Asso- Democracy supporters, ciation, DRC refugees, Illegal immi- Supporters of Forum for grants, Nurses, Various civil society Democracy and Development, groups, Vera Chiluba, Zambian law- Supporters of the president makers, Zambian opposition 1990 - 1990 National Interim Committee RENAMO For Multiparty Democracy 1997 - 1997 National Opposition Alliance Market vendors, Mutinous soldiers 2004 - 2004 Opposition parties University of, University of Lec- turers and Researchers Union (UN- ZALARU) 2001 - 2006 Opposition party supporters 2013 - 2013 Patriotic Front Support- Bible Gospel Church of Africa, Uni- ers, Ruling Party, Zambian versity Students Government 1997 - 2011 Police 2000 - 2001 President Frederick Chiluba 2008 - 2008 President Levy Mwanawasa, Chambishi Copper Smelter, Cham- Supporters of ruling party bishi Mines, Exclusive hotel, Sup- porters of opposition party, Tribal elders, Zambian workers 2002 - 2002 Regional government in Cop- protesters organized by opposition Corruption, Supporters of Opposi- perbelt province leaders tion parties, Zambia Union of Jour- nalists 1995 - 1995 Rival party supporters Asianns, Blackns, Election registra- tion assistants, Soldiers, Villagers 1991 - 2002 Supporters of Movement for Multiparty Democracy party 1996 - 1996 Supporters of President Freder- Black Mamba Tanzania-Zambia Railways (Tan- ick Chiluba zara), Unionized railway workers 2005 - 2006 Supporters of President Levy Mwanawasa 2009 - 2009 Supporters of the Movement Opposition activists, Resident Doc- for Multiparty Democracy tors Association of 2011 - 2011 Supporters of the Patriotic Barotseland separatists Front 1990 - 2008 Zambian government 1996 - 1997 Supporters of former president Ken- neth Kaunda 2006 - 2008 Supporters of Michael Sata Lecturers and researchers 1990 - 2010 Civilians 1999 - 1999 Angolan government, Angolan raiders 1994 - 1994 Blind people, Zambian Council for the Handicapped Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 318 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2005 - 2007 China, Mineworkers Union of 2010 - 2010 Collum Coal Mine, University au- thorities, Zambian court system 2000 - 2000 Congolese rebels, Congolese sol- diers, None, Rwanda, Senior doc- tors, University lecturers and re- searchers 2003 - 2003 Headmaster of the university, Hos- pital workers, Shoprite Checkers, Supermarket workers 1996 - 2000 Junior doctors 2002 - 2010 Miners 2007 - 2007 Mopani Copper Mines, Workers of- China Mulungushi Textiles 1993 - 1993 Morocco soccer team, World Cup referees 1997 - 2012 Opposition supporters 2006 - 2011 Rioters 1998 - 1998 Roan Mining Corporation, Union- ized miners, University of workers 2001 - 2003 Street traders 1996 - 2010 Students 1996 - 2002 Times of 1991 - 2004 University lecturers 1990 - 2003 University students 1996 - 1999 Unknown 2000 - 2008 Women 1991 - 2012 Youths 1998 - 2004 Zambia Congress of Trade Unions 1993 - 2000 Zambian soccer fans

261 Actor Dictionaries xSub 6.48 Zimbabwe (1990-2015)

Table 319: Zimbabwe Page 1 of Table 319 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2008 - 2008 Air Force Chief, Kunonga sup- Christians, church go-ers, Gunmen, porters, ZANU-PF activist, independent election observers, US ZANU-PF parliamentary can- and British diplomats, Zimbabwe didates Women’s National Prayer Task Force 1997 - 2011 Air 1997 - 1997 army airline pilots, army job seekers, farm owners 2012 - 2012 Bodyguards of South African Supporters of convicted activists Gangs of mini-bus solicitors, Jour- youth leader Julius Malema, nalists, Members of Gays and Les- Finance Minister Tendai Biti, bians of (GALZ), Mine workers, Government workers, MDC-T Mini-bus solicitors, Political oppo- party supporters - party of PM nents, Soldiers, Unknown bombers, Morgan Tsvangirai, Members Villagers, Women of Arise - militant of political party, Militants of organization President Mugabe’s ZANU-PF party, Supporters of PM party MDC-T, ZANU-PF party sup- porters - party of President Mugabe 1990 - 2009 central government teachers 2015 - 2015 Central Government Occupy Africa Unity Square Church leaders, Conservation groups, Nurses in public hospitals, Prisoners, South African Gov- ernment, Unidentified protesters, University students, Workers of the Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) 1998 - 1998 city government, municipal protesters commuter transport operators, for- workers mer exiles, gay activists, Global March Against Child Labour, to- bacco buyers 1996 - 1996 civil servants anti-gay protesters, gay rights ac- tivists, hospital staff, technical col- lege students, trade unionists, trade unions 2010 - 2012 Civil servants, Government 2000 - 2000 Constitutional Commission, opponents of new constitution citizens commuters, opposition, South MDC leader, Morgan Tsvangi- African soccer team, transporta- rai, Movement for Democratic tion drivers, workers, Zimbabwe Change supporters, National soccer fans, ZINASU Constitutional Assembly members, opposition parties, state-run newspaper employ- ees, ZANU-PF Supporters, ZANU-PF youth members 2010 - 2010 Constitutional delegates, Mu- Civilian farm owner Air pilots, Chamber of Mines, gabe loyalists, ZANU-PF party Drunken and armed mob, Gays and supporters Lesbians of, Miners, White farmers 2001 - 2001 government doctors, MDC par- BBC journalist, Joseph Winter, liamentary candidates, opposi- Ethiopian immigrants, hospital tion activist Sekai Holland, op- doctors, Iron and Steel Corpo- position leader Morgan Tsvan- ration, Iron and Steel workers, girai, ruling party militants, journalists, Lawyers for Human state-run newspaper Rights, media, newspaper street vendors, Patrick Nabanyama, Postal and Telecommunications Corporation, postal and telecom- munications workers, white owned businesses, Zambian traders 2014 - 2014 government hospitals, MDC youth oppositionists to Grace Mu- farmers Malcolm and Catherine deputy treasurer Elton Man- gabe, youth supporters of Grace Francis, junior doctors, national goma, MDC secretary general Mugabe cricket team, street vendors Tendai Biti, Movement for Democratic Change members, Movement for Democratic Change youth, Movement for Democratic Change youth members (Tsvangirai loyalists) 1999 - 2001 government workers railway workers 1999 - 2003 Harare city government 1995 - 1995 magistrate court human rights groups, National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality, university management, university offices 2007 - 2007 magistrates lawyers, opposition activists, Save Campaign, youth Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 319 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2002 - 2002 Mayor Elias Mudzuri, ZANU- militia Commonwealth and the Southern PF demonstrators African Development Community, farmers, Highlander soccer team fans, human rights group Amani Trust, independent radio station, international traders, newspaper staff, Padare/Enkundleni, soccer referee, voters 2000 - 2011 MDC, MDC supporters, ZANU-PF supporters 2002 - 2005 MDC candidates 2003 - 2003 MDC employees, municipal electrical engineers, pastors, soc- council, ZANU-PF offices cer fans, Zimbabwe Electricity Sup- ply Authority, Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, Zimbabwean Congress of Trade Unions 2005 - 2006 MDC faction 2004 - 2004 MDC offices Bennett supporters, Tsvangirai cricket players, English cricket supporters team, Zimbabwe Cricket Union 2006 - 2006 MDC youth militants Combined Harare Residents Associ- ation, medical interns 2000 - 2013 Movement for Democratic Change, ZANU-PF 2013 - 2013 Movement for Democratic Bank Depositors, Miners’ Wives, Change (MDC), Mugabe The Women of Arise, Bruce Whar- Supporters, Zimbabwe Govern- ton, US envoy ment 1995 - 1996 opposition United Parties 2009 - 2009 Patrick Zhuwawo Zimbabwe National Students Union 1995 - 2008 police 2001 - 2014 Police 1991 - 2014 President Mugabe 2011 - 2011 Pro-government attackers, Christian Alliance, Foreign traders, State prosecutors, Supporters Mourners, Pilots, Western powers of MDC, Zanu-PF 1991 - 1991 Public Service Commission 2001 - 2003 riot police 1995 - 2000 ruling party, ruling party mem- bers 2000 - 2008 ruling party supporters 2005 - 2005 state doctors, ZANU-PF fac- opposition lawmakers, youth op- tion, ZANU-PF officials position supporters, Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions members 2000 - 2005 ZANU-PF members 2001 - 2008 ZANU-PF militants opposition supporters, soldiers 1994 - 1998 ZANU-PF party 1991 - 1994 Zimbabwe Unity Movement 2004 - 2008 Tsvangirai 1993 - 2008 civilians 1994 - 1994 white civilians aircraft engineers, bank employ- ers, bank workers, construction em- ployers, construction workers, Posts and Telecommunications Corpora- tion workers 1991 - 2003 air traffic controllers 2010 - 2011 Anglicans, Progressive Teachers Union of, Women and Men of Arise 1995 - 2003 banks 1999 - 2009 city workers 1990 - 1990 disabled workers, workshop owners 1993 - 2009 doctors 1997 - 2003 farm workers 1999 - 1999 hotel and resteraunt employers, ho- tel employees, National Railways of, Post and Telecommunications Cor- poration, telecommunications engi- neers, United States 2000 - 2001 independent newspaper 1993 - 1993 laboratory technicians 1990 - 1999 nurses 1998 - 2004 postal workers 2002 - 2009 students 2002 - 2003 The Daily Newspaper 1998 - 2008 tobacco farmers 2000 - 2007 university lecturers 1990 - 2007 university students 1990 - 2014 unknown 2011 - 2015 Vendors 1997 - 2009 war veterans 2000 - 2009 white farmers 1999 - 2008 women 2003 - 2010 Women of Arise 2001 - 2015 Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions

263 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7 Social Conflict Analysis Dataset (SCAD) Latin Amer- ica

The Social Conflict Analysis Database (SCAD) includes protests, riots, strikes, inter-communal conflict, government violence against civilians, and other forms of social conflict not sys- tematically tracked in other conflict datasets. SCAD currently includes information social conflicts from 1990-2015, covering Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean (Salehyan et al., 2012).

264 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.1 Costa Rica (1993-2011)

Table 320: Costa Rica Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 2011 Government 2000 - 2000 Local government Gunmen, Public sector health work- ers, Public sector workers 1999 - 2003 Police Squatters 2002 - 2002 Rolando Araya, Supporters of Costa Rican Patriotic Committee Chiquita Abel Pacheco 1993 - 1993 Supreme Court Death Commando Nicaragua, Nicaraguan gunmen 2007 - 2007 Protesters 2003 - 2003 Academy at Dundee Ranch admin- istration, American juveniles 1996 - 1996 Armed gang, Dock workers, Tourists 2000 - 2002 Banana workers 1999 - 1999 Guaymi Indians 2013 - 2013 Mothers, Shopping Mall 1998 - 2011 Prison, Prison inmates 1998 - 1998 Prison gangs 2011 - 2011 Public health workers 2004 - 2004 Public sector employees 2001 - 2001 Radio show host, Unknown gunmen 1995 - 1996 Slum residents 1995 - 1995 Teachers’ Organizations Front 2005 - 2007 Union members 2000 - 2004 University students 2010 - 2010 US flagged sportfisher, Venezuelan flagged purse seiner boat 2005 - 2005 Workers

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266 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.2 Cuba (1990-2012)

Table 321: Cuba Page 1 of Table 321 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 1992 3 Interior Ministry agents, anti-Castro exile group, Elizardo 7 citizens Angry crowds, Melia Varadero ho- brigades of pro-government Sanchez - leading dissident, tel, Spanish journalist Santiago citizens, Government agents, Elizardo Sanchez - opposition Aroca, United States government Plainclothed police leader, leader ofn Commission on Human Rights and National Reconciliation, Gustavo Arcos, Gustavo Arcos Bergnes - secretary general of then Committee for Human Rights 1999 - 1999 30th of November Democratic Brothers to the Rescue, Opponents Attempted protesters, Grandmoth- Party, Communist Youth of Fidel Castro ers, Teachers 1994 - 1994 Border guards, Cuban coast Alpha 66 -n exile paramilitary Belgian ambassador residence, Gui- guard, Cuban security forces, group, Anti-Castro commandos, tart Cayo Coco resort, Maltese oil Military PUND paramilitary group tanker, Refugees 2005 - 2005 Castro’s worker militia, Gov- Assailants, Cuban Commission for ernment loyalists Human Rights and National Rec- onciliation, Federation ofn Women, Inmates, Political opposition, Prison officials, Witness Against Torture 1998 - 1998 Communist party activists Protester, Protestor, The Democ- Japanese Peace Activists, Relatives racy Movement of four jailed dissidents, Roman Catholic citizens, Unspecified 2000 - 2000 Communist party supporters, African-based religious leaders, Cuban law enforcement Cuban women, Farmers, Pilot, Pro-Cuban foreigners, School children 2004 - 2004 Communist sympathizer Party for Human Rights in, Wives groups, Union of Young of political prisoners Communists 2011 - 2011 Cuban authorities, Pro- Prisoners government counter-protesters 1997 - 1997 Cuban border guards Party for Human Rights, Salvado- Copacabana, Chateau, Triton ho- ran national Raul Ernesto Cruz, tels and a bar, Dissidentn photog- Salvadoran nationals Raul Ernesto raphers, Hotel Nacional & Hotel Cruz and Otto Rene Rodriguez Capri, Melia-Cohiba Hotel, Tourist Llerna and Guatemalan nationals hotels, Twon nationals, Unknown Maria Elena Gonzalez Meza, Nader attackers, Unknown bombers Kamal Musalam Barakat, Jazid Ivan Fernandez Mendoza 1993 - 1993 Cuban border patrol, Military U.S. citizen Ricky Hoddynot, U.S. officers, Security forces Protestant pastors 1996 - 1996 Cuban military aircraft, Mem- Spanish consul Eduardo Cerro, bers of Union of Young Com- Spanish government, U.S. civilian munists, Pro-government work- planes belonging to refugee group ers and students Brothers to the Rescue, Vandals 1999 - 2006 Government-organized protesters 1993 - 2012 Government 1990 - 2011 Government supporters 1990 - 2012 Police 1999 - 2003 Pro-government demonstrators 1991 - 2006 Pro-government mob 2010 - 2012 Pro-government protesters 2010 - 2010 Pro-government youths, Secu- rity agents 2009 - 2009 Secret Police Agents, Security Blogger’s husband, Blogger officials 1999 - 2011 State Security Agents 2005 - 2012 Anti-government protester 2005 - 2011 Anti-government protesters 2003 - 2003 Government opponent Boat, European Union, Ferry boat, Fishing boat, Hijacker 1990 - 1990 Gustavo Arcos - human rights ac- Cuban asylum-seekers, Czechoslo- tivist and dissident, Sebastian Ar- vak/Italian/Spanish/Swiss govern- cos - dissident ments, Government of Mozam- bique, Mozambican students 1991 - 1991 Maria Elena Cruz Varela 2005 - 2009 Political dissident 1998 - 2010 Political dissidents 1998 - 2011 Protesters 2004 - 2012 The Ladies in White 1990 - 1994 Citizen 1990 - 1998 Citizens U.S. government 1993 - 1994 Cuban citizens 2003 - 2007 Aircraft 2006 - 2006 Cuba’s Revolutionary Sports Move- ment, Puerto Rico 1995 - 1995 Cuban gunship, Flotilla ofn exiles Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 321 2011 - 2012 Dissident 1998 - 2012 Dissidents 2007 - 2007 Fellow soliders, Global Exchange, Independent Democrat Front, Rel- atives of suspectedn terrorist vic- tims, Rogue Army soldiers 1994 - 2003 Hijackers 2002 - 2002 Human rights activists, Venezuela 2001 - 2001 National Association for Current and Former Political Prisoners 2012 - 2012 Republican Party of 1995 - 1996 U.S.-basedn exiles belonging to group Brothers to the Rescue 2000 - 2002 United Nations 1998 - 2007 United States

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269 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.3 Dominican Republic (1990-2013)

Table 322: Dominican Republic Page 1 of Table 322 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1996 - 1996 Anti-drug police, Dominican Aviv Cohen - secretary of Israeli Liberation Party followers, Do- Embassy in D.R., Canadian min- minican Revolutionary Party ing firm Falconbridge, Jose Rafael activist, Member of Social Llenas Aybar - son of prominent Democratic Party, Provincial Dominican family, Martin Palmas - official of ruling party, Sup- son of former Argentine ambassador porter of President Joaquin to D.R., Presumed gang of drug Balaguer traffickers, Rival of ruling party, Television newswoman, Unspecified attacker, Youths 2000 - 2000 Border guards, Home of presi- Business groups, Commercial as- dential candidate Danilo Med- sociations, Doctors, nurses, other ina, Office of Mario Read Vit- health workers, Haitian immi- tine - official of Social Chris- grants, Haitian migrant, Soldiers, tian Reformist Party, Support- Unknown gunman ers of presidential candidate Danilo Medina, Supporters of presidential candidate Hipolito Mejia 1998 - 1998 Dominican army, Dominican AES-Dominican Power plant (US Congress, President Leonel owned), Autonomous University of Fernandez, Supporters of Santo Domingo students, Busi- Dominican Revolutionary nesses, Female prison inmates, Na- Party tional Drug Control Directorate 2010 - 2010 Dominican Liberation Party Truck drivers supporters, Dominican Revolu- tionary party supporters 2013 - 2013 Dominican Revolutionary Accused murderer of Haitian na- Party tionality, Partisans of former pres- ident Hipolito Mejia, Vigilante mob 1990 - 2013 Government 2002 - 2002 Liberation party supporters, Civil groups, Cuban-born journal- Liberation Party supporters, ist, Dominican journalist Revoultionary Party support- ers 1999 - 1999 National Police Chief Jose Ani- AES-Dominican Power offices (US bal Sanz, Senate President Ra- owned), Anselmo Pacheco Polinario mon Albuquerque - drug agent, Apolinar Toribio - teachers union leader, Labor groups, Narciso de la Cruz Severino - drug trafficker, Popular Organiza- tions Collective, Public transporta- tion employees, Street vendors, Sus- pected gang members 1991 - 2001 Police 2004 - 2004 Supporter of Dominican Lib- Polling places, Rev. Pedro Ruquoy eration Party, Two support- - Belgian priest, Students at the ers of Dominican Revolution- Autonomous University in Santo ary Party Domingo, Two Dominican soldiers, Unknown assailants, Unknown gun- men 2008 - 2008 Supporters of President Leonel Supporters of presidential candi- Fernandez date Miguel Vargas 2012 - 2012 Protesters Haitian bandits, Truckers 1990 - 2011 Citizens 2001 - 2001 26 year-old citizen, Truck driver Pe- dro Mendez Perez 2005 - 2005 Apolinar Lopez Rodriguez - businessman, Dominican couple, Haitian ghettos, Pierre Willy, Dominique Gilberto, Paul Cinius - Haitian migrants, Regional politicians, Rival gangs in prison 2009 - 2009 Carlos Nerilus - Haitian migrant, Dominican citizen Confesor Reyes - charged with killing 2003 - 2003 Danci Aramboles - baseball fan, Do- minican journalists, Jorge Meran - professional baseball player 1999 - 2013 Doctors 2011 - 2011 Doctors and nurses, Dominican- Haitians, Faculty and staff at Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Jose Agustin Silvestre - journalist, Matias Avelino Castro - alleged mastermind of killing 1998 - 2004 Doctors at government hospitals 2004 - 2008 Doctors at public hospitals 2004 - 2005 Dominican citizens Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 322 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1997 - 1997 Dominican Telephone Company, Roman Catholic nuns, Spanish citi- zens, Spanish Embassy in D.R. 2006 - 2006 Elvis Rodriguez Ortiz - truck driver, Haitian residents, Oppo- nents of Fidel Castro, Rival party supporters, Supporters of Fidel Castro, Truck driver carrying mi- grants and his assistant 2000 - 2006 Haitian citizens 2004 - 2013 Haitian migrants 1995 - 1995 Merchants, Public doctors, Public hospital nurses 1996 - 2005 Prison inmates 1991 - 1991 Public hospital doctors 1995 - 2012 Students 1999 - 2011 Teachers 1997 - 2003 U.S. Government 1995 - 1996 University students 1998 - 2000 Unknown bomber

271 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.4 El Salvador (1992-2010)

Table 323: El Salvador Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 2004 ARENA activist 1994 - 1994 ARENA candidate, ARENA Armed gang, Former rebel leader, supporters, FMLN activists, Peasants FMLN supporters 1992 - 1992 Army units, FMLN personnel, American citizen Foreign ministry 2001 - 2001 Central Bank Revolutionary Brigades of Salvado- Association of Salvadoran Bus ran Students of National University Owners, Earthquake victims, National Emergency Committee, United States 1992 - 2003 FMLN 2003 - 2003 FMLN activist Students 1993 - 1993 FMLN leader Criminal gang, Death squads 1994 - 2006 Government 1998 - 1998 Municipal government, Police Public sector doctors, Salvadoran officers Social Security Institute doctors 2004 - 2004 Police, President Tony Saca Former guerrillas, National Legisla- ture, Rival prison gang, School bus 1993 - 2004 Prison Prison inmates 1999 - 1999 Movement of Integrated Labor Or- Former rebels, National Associa- ganizations tion of Salvadoran Educators, Pub- lic health workers, Social Security Institute workers, Teachers 2004 - 2006 Protesters Street vendors 1993 - 2010 Civilians 1993 - 1994 Anti-war protesters, Transferred prison inmates 2013 - 2013 Armed men, Probusqueda Associ- ation for Missing Children, Un- known, US citizen 1995 - 1995 Black Shadow, Former soldiers, Union of Social Security Workers, US soldiers 1998 - 2000 Bus drivers 1996 - 1996 Bus owners, Masked gunmen, Vigi- lantes 2000 - 2000 Cargo Transport Business Associ- ation, CCADSTS, Doctors Guild, Drunken soldier 2005 - 2005 Children’s hospital, Discrimination, HIV protesters 2000 - 2003 Doctors 1995 - 1996 Former civil war combatants 1998 - 2001 Former paramilitaries 2009 - 2009 French filmmaker 1995 - 2006 Gang members 1998 - 2010 Gunmen 2010 - 2010 INTERPOL agent 2006 - 2006 Israel, University students 1997 - 1997 Journalist 2002 - 2002 Labor unionists, Prisoners, US President George W. Bush 2003 - 2010 Mara 18 1996 - 2003 Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), Rival gangs 2003 - 2004 Masked protesters 2007 - 2007 Prison gangs 1992 - 2004 Unknown bombers 1992 - 2006 Unknown gunmen

272 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.5 Guatemala (1990-2013)

Table 324: Guatemala Page 1 of Table 324 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 1993 Anti-Espina protestors, Civil Jorge Carpio Nicole, Public employ- Defense Patrol, Legislator, Mil- ees itary, President Jorge Serrano 2009 - 2009 Army forces, Police officers, Anti-government protesters Accused kidnapper, Assistant to President Alvaro Colom, Pro- a judge, Gang related gunmen, government protesters German-Danish tourist, Gulf Car- tel, Local lawyer 2012 - 2012 Army post, Interior Minister Climb for Life, Domestic violence, Education students, Indigenousns, Interior Minister, Mob, Opposition lawmaker 1997 - 1997 Army troops, City police, Mil- Inebriated youths itary police 2000 - 2000 City government Indian civilians Accused rapists, Alleged death squads, Alleged gangs, Indian ac- tivists, Indian civilians, National Organization of Farmers, Tourists 1996 - 1996 Congress, President Alvara Civil war combatants, Trade union- Arzu ists, Would-be assassin 1994 - 1994 Constitutional Court presi- American activist, Kidnapper, Mor- dent, Government workers mon missionaries, Peace talks, Pub- lic doctors, Public transport work- ers, Rural organizations, Student protesters, Wealthy family 1999 - 1999 Democratic Front of New A gang of thieves, Farmers, Foreign tourists, Robbery suspects 2003 - 2003 Efrain Rios Montt, Judge, Po- Alliance Against Impunity Anti-corruption prosecutor, At- lice station tempted murderers, Human rights investigator, Human rights prose- cutor, Los Cholos gang, Senatorial candidate, Unionists, Vendors, Voters, World Trade Organization 1990 - 1990 Federal deputy, Mayor of Deputy secretary-general of the Central American Parliament can- Jalapa, Military agents National Revolutionary Movement didates, Guatemalan anthropolo- (MNR) gist, Swedish embassy guard, US citizen 2005 - 2005 Federal judge Alleged band of robbers, Death squad, Gangs, Mara 18 members, Suspected gang members, Unknown vigilantes 2005 - 2012 Federal prosecutor 1992 - 2013 Government, Police 2006 - 2006 Governor of Solola Armed robbers, Guatemala City In- ternational Airport, Mara Salva- trucha members, Non-gang prison- ers, Ranch employees, Suspected kidnappers, Suspected MS-13 mem- ber, Suspected rapists, Vigilantes, Women 1995 - 1995 Local government American aid worker, Former refugees, Guatemalan Electric Company, Local cattle rancher, Power plant workers, UN aid worker, UN building 2001 - 2001 Local judge American hotel owner, American human rights investigator, Ameri- can nun, Fishermen, Former gen- eral, High school students, Mar- tima company, Massacre survivors, National Organization of Peasants, Schools, Spanish embassy 2002 - 2007 Local mayor 2001 - 2009 Local police Gang members 2012 - 2013 Mayor 2002 - 2004 Municipal government 2002 - 2002 President Alfoso Portillo, Pros- Opposition protesters Accused murderers, Accused ecutor, Regional director of the witches, Angry soccer fans, Artists, Patriot’s Party, Supreme court Ball thieves, Coffee plantations, justice Columbus Day, Doctors, Farm owners, Guatemalan Trade Union Federation, National Association of Peasant Organizations, Rival gangs, Unknown assassins Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 324 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2007 - 2007 President Oscar Berger, Presi- Assassination suspects, Campaign dential security guard worker, Candidates for office, Daughter of a congressional can- didate, Families of civil war dead, Leftist candidate, Mayoral candi- date, Mob of villagers, Pandilla 18 gang members, Rightist activist, Salvadoran members of the Cen- tral American Parliament, Town councilor candidate, US President George W. Bush 1992 - 1992 Presidential palace French couple, McDonalds 1997 - 2007 Prison 1990 - 2012 Security forces Gunmen 2013 - 2013 Security guards Anti-mine protesters, Criminal, Drug gangs, Victims, Vigilante mob 2003 - 2013 Efrain Rios Montt supporters 1994 - 2012 Protesters 1992 - 2012 Civilians 2000 - 2009 Accused criminal 1993 - 2009 Accused criminals 2002 - 2009 Accused robber 2001 - 2006 Accused robbers 2005 - 2011 Accused thieves 1998 - 1998 Aid workers, American college stu- dents, Bishop Juan Gerardi Coned- era, Kidnappers, Soccer fans 2002 - 2005 Air traffic controllers 1994 - 2008 American tourist 2004 - 2004 American volunteers, Anti-Escobar protesters, Bus passengers, Euro- pean tourists, Gunman, Mission- aries, Mormon tour group, Pro- Escobar supporters, Rival street gangs, Squatters 1994 - 1996 American woman 1996 - 2011 Angry mob 2000 - 2007 Angry villagers 1998 - 2008 Armed bandits 1993 - 1998 Assassins 2003 - 2010 Bus drivers 2002 - 2003 Christian Democrat lawmaker, Street vendors 2008 - 2008 Drug traffickers, Guatemalan dru- grunners, Members of the Mexican Gulf drug cartel, Unknown drug gang 2011 - 2011 Folk singer, Los Zetas, Migrant farm workers 2001 - 2003 Former paramilitaries 1996 - 2002 Indians 1994 - 1995 Jennifer Harbury 1993 - 2013 Journalist 2003 - 2009 Journalists 1994 - 2004 Lynch mob 2005 - 2006 Mara 18, Mara Salvatrucha (MS- 13) 2007 - 2009 Mayan indians 1992 - 2004 Paramilitaries 1992 - 2002 Peasants 1990 - 1999 Political activists 1997 - 2008 Prison inmates 2005 - 2009 Prison officials 2000 - 2001 Prisoners 2001 - 2005 Rival prison gangs 1990 - 1995 Soldiers 1992 - 2001 Students 2003 - 2007 Teachers 1990 - 2005 Unknown 1990 - 2010 Unknown assailants 1999 - 2001 Unknown attackers 1992 - 2011 Unknown bombers 1990 - 2013 Unknown gunmen 1995 - 1996 Unknown kidnappers 1990 - 2006 Villagers 1996 - 2004 Workers

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275 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.6 Haiti (1990-2015)

Table 325: Haiti Page 1 of Table 325 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1994 - 1994 Activist Bien-Aime, Aristide Activist Marie Auxiliatrice De- Haitian citizens Angry crowd, Angry mob, Bus partisan Dady Pierre, Aris- cossa, Anti-Aristide legislator, driver, Bus drivers, Catholic priest, tide partisans, Aristide/Paul Anti-Cedras demonstrators, Front Club-wielding demonstrators, supporters, Cedras, Cpl. for the Advancement and Progress Discharged soldiers, Far right Mandelus Norelus, Deputy of Haiti militant, Militias, Pro- demonstrators, Haitian refugees, Mayor Cadet Damzal, Edu- Aristide Artist, Pro-Aristide Haitian warrant officer, Haitian cation Ministry, Government assailants, Pro-Aristide Assem- Women’s Solidarity Association, Prosecutor Laraque Exantus, bly President Firmin Jean-Louis, Haitians, Legislator, Libete news- Lavalas, Maj. Gen. Jean- Pro-Aristide crowd, Pro-Aristide paper street sellers, Macoutes Claude Duperval, Mayor Lydie mobs, Pro-Aristide neighbor- militia members, Major business Parent, Military, New trainee hood, Pro-Aristide neighborhood associations, Man accused of police force, Police-linked gun- committee members, Rebels, stealing fruit, Marcellus Denis, men, Police barracks, Police Right-wing protesters, Front for Men with knives, Paramilitary chief, Pro-army demonstrators, the Advancement and Progress thugs, Patriotic Action Committee Pro-army gunman, Pro-army of Haiti members, Front for the headquarters, Pregnant woman, militants, Pro-army paramil- Advancement and Progress of Haiti Pro-democracy demonstrators, itary group, Pro-military headquarters, Villagers suspected Pro-democracy group leader, attaches, Pro-military citizens, of supporting rebels Pro-United States demonstrators, Pro-military demonstrators, Rock-throwing demonstrators, Pro-military thugs, Senator Suspected paramilitary member, Reynold Georges, Army officer Suspected paramilitary members, United Nations Development Pro- gram warehouse, United Nations observers, United States, Unknown armed assailants, Warehouse owner 2013 - 2013 Aide to the prime minister Anti-homosexual mob, Haitian Coalition of Religious and Moral Organizations, Homosexuals, Masked men 2004 - 2004 Alleged opposition members, Alleged Aristide militant, Angry civilians Accused thief, Alleged looter, Alleged police collaborators, Anti-Artistide activists, Anti- Architect’s home, Armed residents, Aristide’s home, Aristide’s government protester, Armed Aris- Armed thugs, Business leaders, opposition, Aristide gangs, tide opponents, Armed rebels, Art- Businessman Claude Bernard Aristide loyalists, Aristide sup- ibonite Revolutionary Resistance Lauture, Catholic Relief Ser- porter’s homes, Government Front, Bale Wouzo, Guy Phillipe vices, Community radio stations, loyalists, Government support- supporters, Insurgents, Presumed Crowds, Descahos gang members, ers, Lavalas family supporters, anti-government activists lottery Doctors Without Borders, Em- Local district attorney’s home, stands and restaurant, Pro-rebel bassy vehicles, Fleeing residents, Mrs. Aristide’s aunt grandson, demonstrators Foreign troops, French embassy Opposition member family’s driver, French officials, Funeral house, Opposition parties, mourners, German aid organiza- Prime Minister Yvon Neptune, tion Welthungerhilfe, Group of Pro-Aristide deputy mayor’s men, Haitian radio station owner, house, Pro-Aristide gangs, Pro- Human rights activists, Hungry Aristide gunmen, Pro-Aristide people, Job applicants, Labor Mayor’s home, Pro-Aristide union members, Law school stu- students, Pro-Aristide Youths, dents, Levi Jeans factory workers, Pro-government group, Pro- Man, Masked attackers, Men in government militants, Pro- black uniforms, Motorists, National government residents’ homes, Movement to Save Haiti, People’s State University Hospital Organization, People, Port Work- ers, Radio Africa station, Radio Maxima reporter’s house, Radio Vision 2000 building, Radio Vision 2000 Station, Red Cross workers, Union activists, United Nations base, Unknown goods, Unkown assailants, Young gangsters 1991 - 2004 Aristide Opponents of Aristide University students, Vandals 1995 - 1995 Aristide Aide, Brig. Gen. Suspected coup supporter Citizen’s homes 6 year-old girl, Alleged military Henri Max Mayard, Cham- supporters, Armed group of people, ber of Deputies candidate Arsonist, Bus conductor, Can- Jean-Charles Henoc, Col. didate, Candidate Milo Gousse, Dumarsais Romulus, Cpl. Candidate Vladimir Jeanty, Care Beauville Ocean, Deputy International worker Nicolas Jean mayor Johnny Charles, Elec- Benot, Carnival children, Cement toral council member, Law depot owner and his family, Former enforcement volunteers, Na- top official of Haiti’s 1991 military tional Congress of Democratic coup government, French food Movements, National Front convoy, Gang of men, Man ac- for Change and Democracy, cused of ballot stuffing, Opposition Newly appointed state re- candidate headquarters, Politi- porters, Newly elected Rep. cal and grassroots organizations, Jean-Hubert Feuille, Opposi- Private schools, Stone-throwers, tion presidential candidate, Stone-throwing commando, Stone Political candidate Rudolphe throwers, Suspected thief, U.N. Pierre, Port-Au-Prince mayor, Quartermaster, Unemployed Pro-Aristide legislator Haitians Continued on next page

276 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 2 of Table 325 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Senate candidate, Socialist Unidentified persons, United Na- Philippe Stevenson, Township tions peacekeepers, United States council candidate Gerda Colas military, Unspecified grassroots or- ganizations, Vigilantes, Young man 1993 - 1993 Aristide and Malval, City Alerte Belance, Anti-Aristide mili- Airport guards, Armed demonstra- workers, Deputy Samuel tants, Antoine Izmery, Aristide op- tors, Army-backed gangs, Civilian Milord, Foreign minister ponent Alerte Belance, Front for army auxiliaries, Haitian photog- Claudette Werleigh, Mayor the Advancement and Progress of rapher, Journalist Colson Dorme, Evans Paul, Policemen in plain militants, Opponents of Cedras, October 11 Revolutionary Council, clothes, Pro-Duvalier political Pro-Aristide citizens Orilia Joseph, Paramilitary group, parties, Senator Thomas Eddy Precinct captains, Public transport Dupiton, Sergeant Fleurand union leader Cajus Lexius, Ra- Dieuseul, State audit bureau dio station owner Elder Ameus, workers, State radio and tv Refugee William Corascelan, Rela- workers, State security forces, tives of Deputy Samuel Milord, Re- State tv station, Supporters porter Jean-Emile Estimable, Rock- of Lt. Gen. Raoul Cedras, throwing crowd, Soliders in plain Tonton Macoutes members clothes, Street vendor, Television crew, U.N. envoy Dante Caputo, U.S. government, United States troops, Unknown shooter 2000 - 2000 Aristide candidate Pierre Democratic Convergence group, Americans, Armed villagers, Cana- Maccene Dorval followers, Losing mayoral candidate Georges dian Ambassador Gilles Bernier, Aristide homeless shelter, Simon supporters, Papaye Peas- Christian Movement for the Re- Assembly candidate Mer- ants’ Movement newal of Haiti, Community ra- ilus Deus, Electoral council, dio station Radio Unite, Electoral Haiti’s Provisional Election workers, EU agriculture consul- Council headquarters, Haitian tant Pierre-Yves Baulain, Former Democratic Party candidate health minister Ary Bordes, Inter- Lesly Tilus, Haitian electoral national Civilian Mission in Haiti official Carlo Dupiton, Lavalas member, Men, Opposition mili- Family partisans, Legislature tant, Radio and television stations candidate Jeremie Joachim, owned by former parliamentary ma- Local electoral official Carl jority spokesman, Sen. Paul De- Henry Emilicar, Local op- nis, Radio Haiti director Jean Do- position campaign director, minique, Radio Haiti headquar- Local opposition candidate, ters, Random passerby, Random Mayor-elect Necuel Belcombe, targets around Carrefour, Space Mayoral candidate Jean Felix for Concord coalition, Unidentified Gracou supporters, Opposition armed men, Unidentified assailant, mayoral candidate, Oppo- Unidentified assailants, Unidenti- sition party headquarters, fied people, Voice of the South- Opposition party supporters, ern Rural Workers community radio Opposition politician Legitime station Atis, Opposition politicians, Political opposition figures 2001 - 2001 Aristide government, Aristide Anti-Aristide demonstrators, Alleged extortionists, American supporter Bruno Cadet, Con- Anti-Aristide protesters, Anti- businessman Marc Ashton, Armed vergence opposition alliance, government mob, Aristide oppo- people, Former soldier Wilner Jean- Convergence opposition par- nent Gerard Gourgue, Opposition Louis, French institute of, Inmates, tisans, Haitian riot police, marchers Judge Claudy Gassant, Mother of Lavalas Party member Joseph opposition politician, New York Zeus Duverge, Mayor Dongot missionary Maureen Nielson, News Joseph, Pro-Aristide groups, director Brignol Lindor, Opposition Pro-Aristide mayors, Pro- demonstrators, Opposition leader’s Aristide neighborhood groups, house, Radio Haiti-Inter journalist, Pro-government mob, Senators Radio Vision Nouvelle and Radio Lumiere compound, U.S. citizen Alejandro Morales, Unidentified attackers, Unions, Victims and relatives of 1991 coup 2001 - 2004 Aristide militants 2002 - 2002 Aristide party coordinator Cannibal Army, Jean Tatoune Alleged murderer, Assassin on a Cleonord Souverain, Hubert motorcycle, Citizens Initiative, Deronceray’s Mobilization for Fiften major business associations, National Development party Group of hooded men, Journalist headquarters, Lawmaker Dany Michele Montas, Professors, Ra- Toussaint, Pro-government dio station, Reporters Without thugs, Rep. Marc-Andre Borders leader Robert Menard, Dirogene, Rep. Marc-Andre Student protesters, Unknown Dirogene supporters gunman 1993 - 2004 Aristide supporter Aristide opponents Passerby, Radio stations 1992 - 2013 Aristide supporters Unknown 1992 - 1992 Army outpost, Army troops, Pro-Aristide priests Chinese men, Crowd of people, Haitian Government, Rene Felix Lamy, Gunmen dressed in Theodore, Rural police military-style clothes, Legislators, National Federation ofan Students, President Bush, Quixote Center human rights activists, Roman Catholic Bishop Willy Romelus, Students all over Port-Au-Prince, Thugs, Unnamed group 1997 - 1997 Bodyguard of Sen. Mehu Mil- Anti-International Monetary Fund ius Garcon, Foreign minister Committee, Bus passenger, Former Fritz Longchamp, Government Mayoral Candidate labor inspectors, Haitian bor- der police Continued on next page 277 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 3 of Table 325 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Justice ministry security National Teachers Union, Off-duty guard, Local government, Po- police officer, Opposition activists, lice inspector wearing a dress, Public school teachers, Radio Vi- Senate candidate aide sion 2000 newsroom staff, Ship own- ers 2010 - 2010 Celestin supporters, Charles Angry mobs, Camp residents, Cer- Henri Baker supporters, Edu- emony attendees, Election moni- cation ministry, INITE ruling tor, Evangelicals, Farmers, High party candidate Jude Celestin school students, Machete-wielding supporters, Michel Martelly men, Men armed with machetes, supporters, Mirlande Manigat Peacekeepers from Nepal, Prison supporters, Presidential candi- workers, Rival group, Voodoo prac- date Michel Martelly, Presiden- titioners tial candidate Michel Martelly supporters, Presidential candi- date Mirlande Manigat, Presi- dential candidates, State work- ers, Supporters of presidential candidate Mirlande Manigat 1998 - 1998 Chief of security for Aristide Brothers of Christian Education foundation, Provincial police religious school leader, Hospital chief workers, Teacher-student demon- strators, Witness for Peace delega- tion 2007 - 2007 City government Freelance photographer, Journalist, Street vendors, Suspected Rapist and murderer 1990 - 1990 Council of State, Police Offi- Alleged paramilitary thugs, Citi- cers zens and soldiers committing vio- lence, Civilian defense groups, Con- federation of Democratic Unity, Duvalier supporters, Gangs, Gun- men in army uniform, Masked thugs, Neighborhood self-defense group, Nuns, Pedestrians, Politi- cal activist, Radical People’s Power Youth Association, Romer Deruis- seaux, School children, Security guard, Slum neighborhood commit- tees 1991 - 1991 County sheriff and deputies, Deputies seeking to oust Prime Autonomous Union ofan Workers, Mobilization for National Minister Preval, Dissidents, Front Canadian Government, Haitian As- Development, Prime minister of United Militants, Reputed mem- sociation of Youths for People Preval supporters ber of the outlawed Tonton Ma- Power, Haitian youths, Indepen- coute militia dent radio stations, Landless peas- ants, OAS States 1996 - 1996 Culture Minister Jean-Claude Red Army gang Anti-FRAPH leader, Armed man, Bajeux, Mayor Erla Fran- Enraged residents, Former Sgt. An- cois, Mobilization for National dre Pierre Armand, Leftist folk Development members, Na- singer, Parade participants, Private tional palace guardsmen, Na- employer, Street cleaners, Swiss cit- tional police, National police izens, U.N. peacekeeper, Uniformed training center, National tele- commandos, Unknown car driver, vision station, Officer Jean Wealthy industrialist Leonard Conseillant, Police in- spector Valcourt Desir, Po- lice instructor, Police officers, Police official’s mother, Port- Au-Prince public employees, Provincial district attorneys, Rep. Ary Pierre-Paul Marsan, Rep. Josue Salomon, South district mayors, State Univer- sity nurses and orderlies 1990 - 2013 Government Students 2006 - 2006 Haitian Chamber of Commerce Partisan Commission of Women Victims for and Industry, Politician, Rene Victims, Grand Ravine gang, Ri- Preval supporters val armed gang, Ti Manchet gang, Truck drivers, Voting centers 1994 - 1995 Haitian military Anti-military demonstrators 2003 - 2003 Health Ministry vehicle, In- Amiot Metayer supporters, Canni- Business Associations, Bystander, terior Ministry employees, bal Army supporters, The Resis- Bystanders, Civic leaders and jour- Local police station, National tance Front nalists, Civil groups, Coalition of police arms locker, Opposition musicians, painters and writers, leader Jean-Robert Lalane, Dominican Republic, Environmen- Pro-government radio sta- tal activists, Federation ofan Uni- tion Radio Pyramide, Wilson versity Students, Front spokesman Lemaire Eliscar Charles, Gonaives Citizens Union, Hydroelectric plant, Medi- cal students, Mourners, Musicians, North District Front, Opposition activist, Opposition groups, Protest movement leaders, Radio Caraibes station, Radio Maxima, Radio Max- ima vehicle, Unidentified youths, Women’s rights groups, Women the Rising Sun Continued on next page 278 Actor Dictionaries xSub

Page 4 of Table 325 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1999 - 1999 Judicial police head Andre Activists Formeran army colonel Jean Lamy, Mariosol, Municipal govern- Former Rep. Lorraine Casimir, For- ment, Police commissioner mer Rep. Wilner Raphael, Fort St. Jean-Robert Sydney, Political Clair vigilante group, Gangsters, party leader Sauveur Pierre Grass roots activists, Leader’s mur- Etienne, President Preval’s derer, Longshoremen, Lottery cus- sister, Prime Minister Jacques tomer, Lottery ticket worker, Mo- Alexis, Senator Jean-Yvon torcycle gunmen, National Coali- Toussaint tion foran Refugees activist Pierre Esperance 1993 - 1995 Justice minister Front for the Advancement and Former army officer Progress of 2005 - 2005 Justice Minister, Presidential American freelance photographer, candidate, Pro-Aristide gang Armed groups, Canadian police- men, Crowd of mourners, For- mer President Preval supporters, Judges and clerks, Reporters, Slum dwellers, The Dominican Republic, U.N. civilian police 2012 - 2012 Justice Ministry, President Opponents of President Martelly Abandoned military base, Carnival Martelly, President Martelly attendees, Other carnival attendees and his supporters, President Michel Martelly, Pro-army men 2008 - 2008 Lavalas Party Emergency relief workers, Sus- pected kidnapper, Voodoo priests 2009 - 2009 Local elections board, Preval Dominican Republic embassy, Rival supporters, Rival party, State candidate supporters University of, Struggling Peo- ple’s Organization 1990 - 1994 Local police Soldiers 2004 - 2005 National prison Civilians Unknown gunmen, Young men 2002 - 2004 Opposition leaders, Pro- Other citizens Opposition protesters government protesters 1992 - 2011 Police Attackers 2003 - 2004 Police chief Harold Adeclat’s Gonaives Resistance Front home 1999 - 2004 Police officer 1996 - 2005 Policeman, Policemen 2011 - 2011 President Martelly’s entourage Anti-Preval demonstrators, Jean- Armed protesters, UNITY Claude Duvalier supporters protesters 1993 - 2001 Pro-Aristide demonstrators 1999 - 2001 Pro-Aristide militants 2001 - 2002 Pro-Aristide mob Men in camouflage uniforms 1995 - 2002 Pro-Aristide protesters 2001 - 2003 Pro-government demonstrators 1993 - 1994 Unspecified state security Armed civilians Army-backed gunmen, Churchgoers forces 1995 - 2013 Anti-government protesters 1990 - 2004 Government opponents 1991 - 2013 Protesters 1994 - 2004 Rebels United States 1998 - 2010 Rioters 1990 - 2003 Citizen 1990 - 2005 Citizens Armed men, Residents 2001 - 2010 Alleged thief, Prison guards 1994 - 2006 Angry mob 1995 - 2006 Armed assailants 2004 - 2006 Armed gang, Doctors 2004 - 2007 Armed gangs, Gang 1997 - 2010 Armed group 1995 - 2005 Armed individuals, Unknown at- tackers 2000 - 2006 Arsonists 1992 - 2005 Assailants 2003 - 2005 Bus and taxi drivers, Judges 1994 - 2002 Canadian journalist 2000 - 2009 Candidate supporters 1994 - 2008 Crowd 1991 - 2012 Demonstrators 1996 - 2008 Drivers, Peacekeeper 1995 - 2010 Food convoy, Prisoners 1996 - 2012 Former soldiers 2005 - 2006 Gang members 1990 - 2002 Gunman 1990 - 2010 Gunmen, Mob, Youths 2002 - 2005 Heavily armed gunmen 2006 - 2007 Janitors 1992 - 2001 Journalists 1996 - 2004 Kidnappers 1997 - 2002 Lawyers 1994 - 2010 Looters 1997 - 2004 Militants 2000 - 2008 Mobs 2000 - 2004 Opposition supporters Continued on next page

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Page 5 of Table 325 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2000 - 2001 Organization of American States, Radio Inter, Random targets around Port-Au-Prince and Petionville 2005 - 2007 Peacekeepers 1990 - 1996 Peasants 2003 - 2007 Rival gang 1991 - 2006 Slumdwellers 1990 - 1993 Soldier, Soliders 1993 - 1999 Street merchants 1995 - 2004 Suspected thieves, Unidentified gunmen 1996 - 2010 Suspected witches 1999 - 2003 Teachers 1991 - 1992 U.S. Government 1995 - 2003 Unidentified men 1993 - 2012 United Nations 1995 - 1998 United States Government 1990 - 2011 Unknown assailants 1992 - 1996 Villagers 1995 - 2011 Voters 1993 - 1996 Workers

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281 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.7 Honduras (1990-2015)

Table 326: Honduras Page 1 of Table 326 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2009 - 2009 Attorney General, Mayor of Jo- Brother of the former president, Di- cun, Military, President Man- rector of the Office for Combat- ual Zelaya, Pro-government ra- ting Drug Trafficking, Gay-rights dio station activist 1996 - 1996 Economy Ministry building, Justa C Court building, Human Rights De- Honduran Congress building fense Committee, Women 1995 - 2013 Government 2005 - 2005 Honduran Security Ministry, National Association of Public Em- National Party ployees, National Indian Council, Public hospitals 2001 - 2005 Liberal party 2001 - 2001 Nationalist party congressional American expatriot, Canadian em- candidate bassy, Gang members, Secondary school teachers 1999 - 2013 Police 2013 - 2013 Police officers, Supreme Court, Barrio 18 gang, Leftist students, Xiomara Castro Prisoners, Rival drug gangs 1995 - 2007 Prison 2008 - 2008 Prison employees Armed mob, Mara-18, Prison gangs 2000 - 2001 Prison guards 2012 - 2012 Security forces Agricultural company employees, Armed assailants, Armed men, As- sailants, Corporacion Dinant, Drug runners, Farm workers, Farmer’s Way, Farming activists, Gunmen, Human rights activist, Killers of journalists, Landless peasants, Prison inmate, Prison warden, Soccer players, Unknown attacker, Unknown kidnappers, Victims 1996 - 2005 Supreme Court building 1990 - 1990 Cinchoneros faction, Cinchoneros US military forces leader, Morazano National Libera- tion Front 2004 - 2004 Civic Council of Popular and In- Anti-war protesters, Association of digenous Organizations of Urban Transport, Empresa de Tele- comunicaciones, Local environmen- talists, Loggers, Nurses, Telecom employees 1998 - 1998 Committee of Popular and Indige- Honduran civilians Committee of People’s and Indian nous Organizations Organizations, Former employees, Standard Fruit 1999 - 1999 Confederation of Indigenous Peo- Farmers, Guatemala ples 1997 - 1997 Indiginous protesters American activists, Fast food restaurant, Prison System, Tai- wanese embassy 2000 - 2002 Popular Bloc 2003 - 2003 Popular Resistance Group Anti-globalization protesters, Ar- nulfo Gutierrez, Christmas shop- pers, Mara 18 prison inmates, Paisa gang inmates, Political Block, US Secretary of State Powell 2009 - 2010 Pro-Zelaya protesters 1995 - 2012 Protesters Prison inmates 1992 - 2011 Civilians 1995 - 1996 Air traffic controllers 1991 - 1991 American Pacific, Fired miners, United Nations Central American Observer Group 1990 - 2002 Banana workers 2005 - 2006 CAFTA 1990 - 1994 Chiquita Brands International 2002 - 2002 Chiquita Brands International Inc, Coffee farmers, Drug smugglers, European tourists, Jorge Roberto Maradiaga, Kidnappers, Lawyer, National Federation of Teachers, Trade unionists 2000 - 2000 Chorti, Dutch tourists, Juvenile in- mates, Pirates, Soccer fans 1997 - 1998 Colombus Day 2003 - 2008 Criminal gang 2011 - 2011 Federation of Teaching Organiza- tions of, Guerrillas, Peasants, Po- litical activist, Randers, Suspected gang members 1993 - 1993 Honduran soccer fans, Mexican soc- cer team, Shopping center Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 326 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2012 Journalist 2004 - 2011 Journalists 2006 - 2006 Lenca Indians 2005 - 2010 Mara 18 2004 - 2010 Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) 2010 - 2010 Murderers, Rival gang, Street gang, Street gang leader 1999 - 2001 Prison gang 1997 - 2009 Public health workers 2006 - 2008 Rival prison gang 2011 - 2012 Soldiers 1995 - 1995 Supporters of Roberto Acosta 2003 - 2004 Teachers 1997 - 2002 United States 2001 - 2012 Unknown assailants 1991 - 2003 Unknown attackers 1996 - 2009 Unknown bombers 1999 - 2012 Unknown gunmen 1996 - 1998 US embassy

283 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.8 Jamaica (1992-2013)

Table 327: Jamaica Page 1 of Table 327 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2002 - 2002 Auxiliary police officer working Assailants with knives, Attacker, election, David Walden, De- Bus driver Harold Collins, Bus tective Cpl. Joshua Graham, drivers, Business leaders, Citizens District Constable Nathaniel in Hermitage community, Citizens Williams, Gunmen from South- on tour boat, Damien White, Lester side neighborhood (Labour Ducket, Election day workers, Gang Party stronghold), Gunmen member Glenroy Maise, Lawmaker, from Wildman Street neigh- Off-duty policeman borhood (People’s National Party stronghold), Information Minister Colin Campbell, Ja- maica Defense Force, Jennifer Edwards - junior minister of government, Labour Party members, Opposition leader Edward Seaga 1993 - 1993 Candidate for Prime Min- Air flight attendants ister Edward Seaga, Pro- Government 2007 - 2007 Carlton Gooden - JLP sup- Arsonists, Methodist church, Op- porter, Members of Labour position activists, Suspected gang- Party, People’s National sters Party, People’s National Party worker, PM Portia Simpson Miller, Ruling party support- ers, Sanjay Ebanks - campaign manager for Labour Party can- didate Joan Gordon-Webley, Supporters of Labour Party 2005 - 2005 Constable Andrew Anthony Everton Brown, Leroy Gerald & Dorcas Brown, Lenford Pryce, Police Constable Dean- Farquharson Harvey - gay man who counsels peo- court Wright, Police Cpl. ple with AIDS, Private Sector Orga- Hewitt Chandler, Policeman nization of 2003 - 2003 Constable Archibald Campbell, Devon Scott, Darlon Andrew Hamilton, Armed bandits, Crime Management Unit - elite Clarke, Linton Rod- Ausjam gold mine, Bank workers, police squad, Election officials, ney Delroy Carter, FirstCaribbean Government Parliament mem- International Bank, Glassford bers, Opposition Parliament Collins, Opposition supporters, members, Sgt. Kingsley Lyn Rappers Vybz Kartel & Ninja Man, Rival party supporters, Taxi driver David Bacchas, Tourists, Vendor, Vetha Williams, Workers at Ausjam gold mine 1997 - 1997 Davy - Labour Party activist, Christ for the Nation (Dallas) Labor Party supporters, Sup- church evangelists, Commissioner of porters of opposition candidate Corrections John Prescod, Gaso- Edward Seaga, Supporters of line truck drivers, Masked gunmen, opposition party, Supporters of Venezuelan Ambassador to Alfredo Prime Minister P.J. Patterson Vargas-Hirsch 2001 - 2001 Denham Town gang (area loyal Sandra Thompson - political ac- Gangs, Matthew’s Lane gang, Omar to Labour Party), Hannah tivist with ties to opposition Wedderburn, Schoolchildren, Su- Town gang (area loyal to Peo- perclubs Kingston offices, Tel Aviv ple’s National Party), Law of- gang fice of Antonnette Haughton- Cardenas - head of newly formed United People’s Party, Police officer, Rival gang sup- porting Labour Party, Rival gang supporting People’s Na- tional Party 2000 - 2000 Department of Correctional Conurban Transit, Conurban Tran- Services sit bus workers 1996 - 1996 Elaine Watson Crew of Panamanian ship, Cuban refugees, Gunmen who killed 3, Na- tional Water Commission, Petro- mar Inc., Telecommunications of, Ltd., Telephone workers, Workers at National Water Commission 1993 - 2013 Government Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 327 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2010 - 2010 Industry Minister Karl Armed gangs from across, Ar- Samuda’s property mored car, Coke, Coke supporters, Medical workers, Nephew of Joan McCarthy, Tivoli Gardens gun- men, Unknown gunmen, Williams of Klansman Gang 2011 - 2011 Jamaica Labour Party support- Charmaine Rattray, Honduran fish- ers, Jamaican Coast Guard, Se- ing boat crew, Members of Klans- curity forces man gang, Navardo Hodges - mem- ber of Clansman gang, Port Author- ity of, Scott Thomas - member of Clansman gang, Unknown killer(s), Workers at cruise ship port 1995 - 1995 Jamaican government Alumina industry workers, Alu- mina Partners of, Ltd. (Al- part), Insurance companies, Ja- maica Football Referees’ Associa- tion, Jamaica Teachers’ Association President Sherlock Allen, Members of’s Air Traffic Controllers Associ- ation, Merchants, Rastafarian As- sembly for Progress and Security, US citizen John Beckett 2004 - 2004 Junior Shaw Kenroy Prince Brian Williamson -’s best known gay rights activist, Embassies of Germany, France, Spain, UK, Er- rol Graham, Evon Baker, Garbage collectors, Grocery store, Gun- men who killed businessman, High school student, Labor unions, Lo- cal business, Local gangs, Patricia Howell-Bloomfield, Suspected gay man 1999 - 1999 Maritime pilots Ben Campbell - bus driver, Doc- tors, Dunkirk and Admiral Town gangs, Group of youths, Journal- ists, Mother of local gang leader, One Hundred Lane gang, Park Lane gang, Rose Agatha Leon - former government minister, Teachers 1994 - 1994 Opposition Labour Party 1995 - 2010 Police 2001 - 2011 Police station 2002 - 2004 Prime Minister P.J. Patterson 1997 - 2000 Prison guards 2006 - 2006 Supporters of People’s Na- Coffee farmers, Construction work- tional Party ers at Bahia Principe Hotel, Frome sugar factory, Hope’s killers, Hope - leader of One Order gang, Hope, Lawyers Christian Fellow- ship, Spanish developer Grupo Pinero, Stonecrusher Gang 1998 - 1998 Phipps Jamaican national soccer team, Soccer fans, Sugar Producers’ Fed- eration 2012 - 2012 Protesters 2004 - 2009 Citizen 1993 - 2010 Citizens 2013 - 2013 Civilians Lone gunman, Mob, Prisoners, Slum residents, Transgender teen 2008 - 2008 Air, Airport workers, Broderick Wright - 11 month-old boy, Flight attendants, Mob of about 20 peo- ple, Pastor Alex Silva, Ricardo Tay- lor, Tenement housing, Unidentified gang 2002 - 2011 Air traffic controllers 1999 - 2011 Attackers 2005 - 2010 Business owners 2009 - 2009 Canadian tourists 1992 - 1992 Central Bank of, Central Bank of workers, Sam Tyson - chairman of the Sugar Producers’ Federa- tion, University and Allied Workers Union and several other unions 1995 - 2002 Citizen mob 2002 - 2006 Gang members 2002 - 2009 Gunman 1996 - 2011 Gunmen 1995 - 2004 National Worker’s Union 2004 - 2008 One Order gang 2002 - 2007 Polling station 1997 - 2004 Prison inmates 1999 - 2001 Rival gang 1998 - 2006 Sugar industry workers 2006 - 2007 Unidentifed attackers 2002 - 2008 Unidentified gunmen 1998 - 2004 Unknown bomber 285 Actor Dictionaries xSub

286 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.9 Mexico (1990-2015)

Table 328: Mexico Page 1 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2008 - 2008 A commander in City’s anti- Carrillo Guentes organization Civilian family Accused drug runner, Alleged hit- kidnapping police, Acting chief men, Anti-crime protesters, Anti- of federal police, Bank police kidnapping expert, Armed gag, As- chief, City Public Security Di- sassin, Attackers dressed as police, rector, Deputy police comman- Business owners, Colombia, Drug der, Director of the trafficking gang hitmen, Edgar Guzman, El and contraband section of the Debate de Culiacan, Family meet- federal police, Disabled police- ing, Farm activists, Guatemalan men, Federal organized crime drug gang, Homero Rios, Indus- investigator, Jalapa state gov- trias Penoles SAB, Medical staff, ernment, Juan Antonio Roman Mexican farm activist, Oil De- Garcia, Local police comman- fense Movement, Prisonguards, Ro- der, Mayor of Villa Madero, gaciano Alba Alvarez, Unspecified Mexican Congress, Police com- drug gang, Victims connected to mander of the sex crimes unit, drug cartels Police director, State investiga- tors, State police convoy 2004 - 2004 Agents of the attorney gen- Arturo Guzman, Comando Jaramil- Accused rapists, Agricultural Re- eral’s office, Army deserters, lista Morelense 23 de Mayo, Zap- searchers, Angry citizens, Armed Cancun government, Local atista symathizers inmates, Banks, Basque hunger government officials, Mayor strikers, Brother of the boss of of Cancun, Mayor of City, the Sinaloa Cartel, Celebrity led Oaxaca state government, Of- protesters, Civic Front for the De- ficials, Police helicopter, Rival fense of the Teotihuacan Valley, Indian groups aligned with Committee to Defend the Teotihua- the PRD, Supporters of mayor can Valley, Cowboy-hatted farm- Garcia Zalvidea, Vicente Fox ers, Disgruntled city workers, Dis- administration sidents, Employees of Social Se- curity Institute (IMSS), Environ- mentalists, Francisco Ortiz Franco, Leftist groups, Miguel Angel Bel- tran Lugo, National Alliance in De- fense of Dairy Farmers, Nestle, Nis- san Motor Co., Radical students, Relatives of criminals and suspects, Social Security Institute Workers Union, Summit Meeting, Upper- middle class protesters 2012 - 2012 Airport police, Army special Beltran Leyva gunmen, Presumed Anti-PRI demonstrators, Armed forces, Government social Zetas, Sinaloa cartel gunmen prisoners, Church youth camp, workers, Mayor-elect, PAN Couples, El Manana newspaper, El candidate, PRD candidate, Manana office, El Norte newspa- Tamaulipas state Interior per, Environmental activist, Flash Secretary mob, Foreign tourists, Gulf car- tel inmates, Indigenous activists, La Quinta Banda, Local organized crime group, None, Pepsi delivery truck, Printing plant, Relatives of prison inmates, Strip club patrons, Suspected robbers, Teaching col- leges, Televisa television network, US Embassy personel, Women’s ac- tivist, Zeta cartel inmates 1999 - 2000 Antorcha Men 1999 - 1999 Antorcha Campesina, Assis- Alleged leftist rebels, EZLN sup- American Friends Service Com- tant police chief, Federal Ju- porters mittee, Anti-drug prosecutor, dicial Police, Mayor Cuauhte- Campesino Democratic Front, moc Cardenas, Municipal jail, Environmental activists, In law of Presidential guard, Revolution- the governor of Morales, Market ary Worker’s Party, State riot workers, Maya Indians, Mexican police Electricians’ Union, National Coor- dinating Committee of Education Workers, Plant employees, Pro- gram for Equal Participation of Women, Soccer fans, TV host, Union supporters 2009 - 2009 Armed forces, Army general, Arturo Beltran Leyva, Cartel hit- Alcoholics Anonymous, Armed Army officer, Army officers, men, Cartel organized demonstra- gangs, Disco, Drug hitmen, Family Chihuahua governor Jose Reyes tors, La Familia cartel, Suspected of a marine, Federal agent, Former Baeza, Congressional candi- Beltran-Leyva cartel gunmen, Sus- police commander, General Popular date, Federal officers, Govern- pected Zetas Union of Workers and Farmers, ment vehicles, Leader of the Mexican Electricity Workers Union, Guerrero state congress, Lo- Mexican Network of Communities cal police chief, Local security Affected by Mining (REMA), official, Mayor of Namiquipa, National Agriculture Transport Mayor of Ocampo, Mayor of Workers Union, Pemex workers, Palomas, Mexican army, Mex- Rival families, Section 22 teacher’s ican Navy marines, Police con- union, Section 59 teacher’s union voy, Police guard station Continued on next page

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Page 2 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other PRD politicians, Prison direc- Security director, Soda delivery tor, Socialist Democratic Party truck, Student athlete, Televisa politician, State congressional Monterrey, Truck drivers, Waitress, candidate, State deputy public Women’s rights activist safety director, Tourism secre- tary 1994 - 2011 Army Drug gangs 2010 - 2010 Army barracks, Army gar- Beltran Leyva faction, Cartel mem- Alleged kidnappers, Armed gun- risons, Deputy police chief, bers, Gulf cartel leader Antonio men, Armed men wearing hoods, Federal police convoy, Gover- Ezequiel Cardenas Guillen, Juarez Attackers, El Sur newspaper, Elec- nor Rodrigo Medina, Mayor Cartel gunmen tricians, Employees of the Amer- elect, Mexican government he- ican consulate, Environmental in- licopter, Police offiers, PRD spectors, European activists, Ex- rally, PRI governor candidate, governor of Colima, Factory work- Small town mayor ers, Female activist, Gulf Car- tel prison inmates, Heavily armed gunmen, Highschool and college students, Hooded gunmen, Ho- tel guests, House party, Hunters, Indigenous activist, Investigator, Latin American migrants, Monterry transit authority, Motorcycle riding assassins, National Civil Commit- tee, Outlaws, Protester, Security official, Sergio Vega, Sinaloa Car- tel inmates, Sinaloa inmates, Tele- visa network, Television station, Triqui Indian Unification Move- ment, Triqui Indians, United Na- tions, Unnamed drug gang, Used car dealers, Zeta inmates 1997 - 1997 Army police, Indian peasant Accused cattle rustlers, Activist supporters of the government, priests, Baja California governor, PRI candidate, PRI gunmen, Bus company employees, Catholic Public security police bishops, Children led protest, Chrysler, Indigenous protesters, Informants, Irma Ibarra Navejat, Journalists, National Peasant Coordinating Council, Nissan, Po- litical violence, Rival prison gangs, Unidentified youths, Unknown thugs 1996 - 2013 Army soldiers 1997 - 2012 Army troops Zapatista supporters Crime 2009 - 2010 Assistant state attorney gen- Beltran Leyva drug cartel, Cartel eral, Federal police officers, Lo- gunmen cal official, President of 2011 - 2011 Authorities, Bodyguards of a Alleged cartel members, New Gen- Alleged Zetas, American ICE offi- governor, Chief of police, Fed- eration, Rival Zetas, Suspected car- cials, Anti-violence activist, Armed eral police helicopter, Federal tel members, Zeta cartel villagers, Bandits, Bricklayers, police station, Government of- British embassy, Casino Royale, fices, Government troops, Head Central American migrants, El of state police department, Buen Tono, Escalating violence, Mayor of an indigenous com- Family of the state governor’s munity, Nuevo Leon governor, bodyguard, Food truck, Gang Nuevo Leon intelligence officer, leader, Gangs, Garcia town mayor, Police assigned to the US em- Gas stations, Guatemalan mi- bassy, Traffic police grant, Ignacio Flores Ocaranza, Individuals Tending Toward the Savage, Javier Sicilia, Knights Templar, Maria Elizabeth Ma- cias, Marisol Macias Castaneda, Migrants, Monterrey Technolog- ical Institute, Parents, Relatives of arson suspects, Relatives of murdered human rights activist, Restaurant, Singer, Street clowns, Suspected crime gang, Suspected drug trafficerks, Suspicious men, Teenage boys, Teenager, Unknown drug cartel, Zeta gunmen 2000 - 2000 Auxilliary Police, Civil ser- Airline workers, Anti-strike stu- vants, Government workers, dents, ASSA, Committee for Sex- Guerrero state comptroller, Of- ual Diversity, Ex-federal agent, ficial in the Attorney General’s Ex-prison director, Faculty mem- office, Police Commander, Po- bers, Former police homicide chief, lice homicide chief, Supporters Maids, Militant peasant farmers, of Jesus Tolentino, Supporters Opponents of Leonardo Rodriguez of Leonardo Rodriguez Alcaine, Alcaine, Petrochemical plant, Resi- Tijuana police chief dents of Los Chorros, Shopkeepers, Student activists, Student strike supporters, Sugar companies, Sup- porters of Guadalupe Buendia, Tz- totzil Indians Continued on next page

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Page 3 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 2013 - 2013 Chamber of Deputies, City Armed citizen militias, Knights Aggressive drivers, Children of a council candidate, PRD offi- Templar drug cartel, New Genera- journalist, CNTE teachers union, cial, PRI candidate for Oaxaca tion Cartel, Vigilante militia Community vigiliantes, Crime re- legislature porter, Farming activists, Fran- cisco Rafael Arellano Felix, Gang of assailants, Gunman in a clown costume, Honduran migrants, La Linea, Naked cyclists, Navy ad- miral, Online journalist, Pollution, President of UNAM, Presumed hit- men, Self defense militia, Son of a PRI campaign coordinator, Sports journalist, Topless protesters 1994 - 1994 Chiapas government, Chiapas Rebels Alfredo Harp Helu, Caravan for Democracy, Cattle- state attorney general, Diego Angel Losada Moreno men, Chiapas Council of Indigenous Fernandez de Cevallos, Jose and Rural Organizations, Chiltak Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Local group, Citizens Front for the De- Mayor, Luis Donaldo Colo- fense of San Cristobal, Indian peas- sio, PRD student supporters, ants, Local nuns, Mario Aburto Pro-government protestors, Martinez, National Coordinating State Council of Indigenous Body for Indigenous Peoples, Peas- and Peasant Organizations, ant groups, Revolutionary Clandes- Tobasco state government tine Workers’ Party-People’s Union, Rival Indian groups 2001 - 2001 Chiapas mayors, Federal People’s Revolutionary Armed Maria Clemente Accused robber, Angel Salazar judges, Hidalgo state officials, Forces, Revolutionary Armed Cortes Herredia, Anti globalization PRI legislators Forces of the People, Zapatista protesters, Central bank governor, sympathizers Christian Peacemaker Teams, Citigroup, Communal farmers, Drug lawyer, Election authorities, F-26, Flight attendants, Human rights organizations, Italy, Juarez Trucking Association, Lacandon Indians, Subway workers union, Union fishermen, Unknown perpe- trators, World Economic Forum, Youth prison inmates 1994 - 1995 Chiapas state government 2006 - 2006 City employees, Congress Michoacan drug cartel Armed robbers, Car dealership, persons, Federal Electoral Criminal judge, Cuban prisoners, Tribunal and headquarters Discrimination against people with of PRI, Filipe Calderon, Po- tattoos and piercings, Drunk sol- lice Chief, President-elect diers, Ex-director of a newspaper, Filipe Calderon, Presidential Gang hitmen, Grupo SA, Grupo candidates, PRI mayoral can- Villacero, Indian activist, Jailed diddates, State penitentiary businessman, Lebanese immigrants, guards, The Senate, Town Lebanon, Leftist rebels, Mazahua employees Indians, Middle school, Mining and Metal workers union, Motorists, Noticias newspaper office, Nude cy- clists, Peasant farmers, Pharaceu- tical lab, Por Esto! Newspa- per, Por Esto!, Quequi newspapers, Private radio stations, Protesters in Oaxaca City, Rival factions of the Nation Union of Trade Union Workers, Striking teachers, Tatooed protesters, Undocumented immi- grants, Union workers, Unknown killers, Valentin Elizalde, World Water Forum 1995 - 1995 City officials, State health EZLN rebels Antiwar protestors, Copper Mine, workers Peasant Organization of the Southern Sierra (OCSS), Peasant protestors, Rapists, Rejected ap- plicants, Roman Catholic bishop, Stall owners, Suspected rapists, Transport workers 2002 - 2007 Congress Grupo, Pemex 1993 - 2006 Democratic Revolution Party Town residents, United States 1989 - 1996 Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) (1989 - 1996) 2005 - 2005 Director of investigative police, Milenio drug smuggling cartel Accused witches, Arasco, Bancomer Director of public safety, Fed- banks, Feder prosecutor, Graba- eral Electricity Commission, ciones y Doblajes Internationales, Federal police officer, Munici- Indians from the Center for Farm- pal police chief ers and Farm Workers (CIOAC), La Palma prison inmates, Local journalist, Mataviejitas, Members of the National Actors Association, Mexican Confederation of Workers, Mexican Mining and Metallurgical Workers Union, Motorcyclists, Na- tional Union of Educational Work- ers Continued on next page

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Page 4 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other Newspaper director, Noticias de Oaxaca newspaper, Organization of Peasants of the Southern Sierra, Religious group devoted to Santa Muerte, Roman Catholic priest, Safe house, Sicartsa, SITRASE, Soccer coach, Spree killer, Sug- arcane growers, Television actor, Transvestites, Unknown assailant, US resident, US soldier 1999 - 2007 Federal government 2003 - 2003 Federal legislator Anti government protesters, A family, Alleged witch, Anti- Antigovernment protesters, Revo- globalization protesters, BGP In- lutionary Confederation of Workers ternational, Drug smuggler, Evan- and Peasants gelical Protestants, Firefighter’s Union, Former police director, Gustvo Guerrero, Healthcare work- ers, Illegal Immigrants, Indian-style Catholic traditionalists, Juvenile inmates, Laborers, Peasant group, Pentecostal pastor, Planters, Radi- cal protest leaders, Residents of San Salvador Atenco, Spain, TV Azteca employees, UHF Channel 40 em- ployees, Unions, Xalatlaco residents 1994 - 2013 Federal police, Police, Police Civilians chief, State police 2007 - 2007 Federal police agents, Intel- Gulf cartel Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador ligence official, Local PRD supporters, Anti-abortion demon- leader, Naval commander, Po- strators, Anti-crime campaigner, lice informants, State gover- Armed men disguised as federal nor’s bodyguards, State po- agents, Assassins dressed as sol- lice investigator, State public diers, Business-people, Cambio de safety director Sonora newspaper, Catholic anti- abortion protesters, Daughter of a retired general, Former PRD legislator, Labor unions, Local jail, Newspaper vendors, Pro-choice demonstrators, Sears, Teacher’s union, Trade unionists, Unknown drug gang, US President Bush, Vi- cente Fox statue, Violent crime 2005 - 2007 Federal police commander 2008 - 2009 Federal prosecutor, State po- Juarez Cartel Hitmen lice commander 1990 - 2013 Government Prisoners, Unknown gunmen 2006 - 2007 Governor of Oaxaca Leftist activists 1996 - 1996 Green Environmentalist Party, Coffee growers, Democratic Huastec Military police, PRI mayoral Movement, Former prosecutor, candidate Peace activists 1991 - 2000 Guanajuato state governor, PAN supporters 1990 - 1990 Guerrero municipal govern- Independent unions, Mexican La- ments bor Federation, Norma Cornona Sapienz, Union dissidents 2002 - 2002 Guerrero state, Indian mem- Ismael Zambada / Sinaloa cartel, Collective Front of Anarchist bers of PRD, Indian mem- Ramon Arellano Felix, Tijuana car- Vegetarians, Commander of anti- bers of PRI, Local police work- tel / Arellano Felix organization drug squad, Construction workers, ing for Ismael Zambada, Los Costco, Excelsior newspaper, Mag- Aguilares, Mexico City munici- azine editor, Mayan protesters, pal government, Morelos state Militant Catholics, National Co- legislature, PAN, PRI mem- ordination of Education Workers, bers, Rosarito mayor Pig farmer’s union, Police sub- borned by drug cartel, Residents of Las Huertas, Residents of Las Huertas, Residents of Santiago Xochiltepec, Residents of Santo Domingo Teojomulco, Residents of Teojomulco, Sonora state, Students from teachers colleges, Subway workers, Unomasuno, Unomasuno workers 1990 - 1992 Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) 2005 - 2010 Interior Department Tourists, Unknown victims 2003 - 2010 Local authorities 1998 - 1998 Local court, Local officials, Po- Arellano Felix cartel / Tijunana Accused rapist, Arellano Felix car- lice patrol, Raul Fernandez Vil- cartel gunmen, Arellano Felix car- tel member, Columbus Day, Crime lalobos, State authorities tel / Tijunana cartel gunmen, victims, Federal election court, Fed- Guadalajara drug cartel, Rebel eral lawmen, Foreign human rights sympathizers workers, Huave Indians, Indian protestors, Indian women, Insur- gent People’s Revolutionary Army, Mexico City Assembly leader Continued on next page

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Page 5 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other National Human Rights Commis- sion, National Indigenous Congress, National Transportation Federation (Conatram), Paramilitaries, Patri- otic Command to Raise the Con- science of the People, Refugees, Rival farmers, Telephone workers, Texas, Unionized Association of Flight Attendants, Unknown assas- sins, Village mob, Zapotec Indians 1994 - 2006 Local government, PRD sup- EZLN porters 1997 - 2013 Local police 1993 - 1993 Local PRI mayor, Popular So- Anti government rebels Anti NAFTA protestor, Cuban cialist Party protesters, Drug trafficker, Mas- sacre victims, National Union of Mine and Steel Workers, Steel mills 2004 - 2009 Lopez Obrador supporters Federal agents 2004 - 2012 Mayor University students 2010 - 2013 Mayoral candidate, Military La Familia drug cartel Marines patrol 1995 - 2006 Mexican Army 2008 - 2013 Mexico City police Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, Un- known kidnappers, Victim 1989 - 1989 Michoacan municipal govern- ments (1989 - 1989) 2010 - 2011 Military Suspected cartel gunmen Soccer players 2002 - 2003 Municipal government 2001 - 2011 Municipal official Human rights activist 2005 - 2012 Municipal police Former mayor 1991 - 1991 National Action Party (PAN) American businessman, Citibank, Federal drug agents, Peasant demonstrators 1992 - 1992 PAN state government officials, Campesinos, Christopher Colum- PRI students bus, Homeless protesters, Indian converts to evangelical Protes- tanism, Indian followers of Catholi- cism, National Campesinos Center, Opposition activists, PAN stu- dents, Sugar cane harvesters, Tortilla vendors, Volkswagen 2005 - 2011 Police commander 2009 - 2011 Police officer Alleged drug traffickers Ambulance, Armed assailants, For- mer police chief 2000 - 2013 Police officers 2006 - 2011 Police station 2007 - 2010 Police stations 1995 - 2005 PRD 2001 - 2008 PRD legislators 1999 - 2009 PRD politician 1994 - 2000 President Ernesto Zedillo 2003 - 2006 President Vicente Fox 2000 - 2012 PRI 1991 - 2010 PRI supporters 1990 - 2012 Prison 1997 - 2000 Riot police 1996 - 2001 San Bartolome de los Llanos House of the People Alliance 2004 - 2008 Senate 2000 - 2008 State attorney general 2001 - 2007 State government 2007 - 2013 State legislator Armed group 2005 - 2009 State police officer Genetically modified food, Un- known gunman 1996 - 2010 State police officers 2005 - 2008 State prison director Gulf Cartel Civilian 2011 - 2013 State prosecutor, Town author- Bar patrons, Family, Gunman ities 1998 - 1999 Rebel supporters

1992 - 2012 Sinaloa cartel 2007 - 2009 Sinaloa Cartel Unknown victim 1992 - 1993 Tijuana cartel 2000 - 2004 Zapatista rebels 1997 - 2006 Zapatistas Indians 2008 - 2012 Zetas Rival drug gangs 1998 - 2011 Children Teenagers 1998 - 2001 Accused thief, Aeromexico 2004 - 2013 Angry mob 2003 - 2004 Anti-war protesters, Salvatrucha 2003 - 2012 Armed gang 1998 - 2013 Armed men 2004 - 2006 Armored Car, Autoworkers, Wal- Mart Continued on next page

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Page 6 of Table 328 Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 2010 Assassins 1990 - 2009 Auto workers 2004 - 2005 Braceros, Pro-Cuban protesters 2006 - 2010 Criminal gang, Security officials 2009 - 2013 Criminals 2006 - 2013 Demonstrators 2008 - 2011 Drug cartel gunmen, Drug violence, Rival gangs 2011 - 2012 Drug gang, Mano con Ojos 2007 - 2011 Drug gang gunmen 2009 - 2012 Drug rehabilitation center, Sus- pected kidnappers 2006 - 2008 Drug smugglers, National Mining and Metal Workers Union 1999 - 2010 Drug traffickers 1994 - 2009 El Barzon 1997 - 2007 EPR 1991 - 1992 Exodus for Democracy, Prison Guards 1994 - 2008 Farm workers 1997 - 2008 Farmers 2002 - 2009 Fishermen 1990 - 1997 Ford Motor Company 2010 - 2012 Funeral attendees, Suspected drug traffickers 2000 - 2010 Gang members 1998 - 2010 Greenpeace 1995 - 2013 Gunmen, Students 2001 - 2010 Hooded gunmen 2000 - 2001 Independent Union of Volkswagen Workers, UNAM university 1996 - 1997 Indigenous peoples 1997 - 2010 Journalist 1997 - 2011 Kidnappers 2008 - 2010 Kidnappings, Organized crime gun- men, US consulate 1997 - 1999 Las Abejas 1995 - 2012 Masked gunmen, Residents 2001 - 2002 McDonald’s, Protestants 1995 - 2008 Miners 2002 - 2013 Municipal workers 1999 - 2008 NAFTA 1995 - 2004 National Autonomous University 2002 - 2004 National Mining, Metallurgical and Similar Workers Union 1998 - 2000 Peace and Justice militia 1990 - 2002 Peasants 2001 - 2005 Petroleos Mexicanos 1991 - 2011 Prison gangs 1994 - 2012 Prison guards 1993 - 2013 Prison inmates, Teachers 1992 - 2013 Protesters 1994 - 2001 Ranchers 1993 - 2002 Robbers 1991 - 2013 Soldiers, Unknown 1994 - 2004 Squatters 1995 - 2003 Street vendors 2000 - 2005 Sugar workers 2005 - 2006 Unionists 1999 - 2013 Unknown assailants 1998 - 2008 Unknown assassins 1999 - 2011 Unknown attackers 1991 - 2012 Unknown bombers 2006 - 2009 US citizen 2005 - 2013 Victims 1998 - 2012 Vigilante mob, Women 1993 - 2009 Vigilantes 1995 - 2011 Villagers 2000 - 2009 Volkswagen AG 2001 - 2012 Youths

292 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.10 Nicaragua (1990-2015)

Table 329: Nicaragua Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1993 - 2000 Army forces 1991 - 1993 Army soldiers, Vice president Gunmen Virgilio Godoy 2008 - 2008 Constitutionalist Liberal Party Homeless persons, Municipal supporters garbage collectors 2011 - 2011 Daniel Ortega, Independent Opposition organized protest Liberal Party supporters 2004 - 2004 Eugenio Hernandez, former La Prensa reporter mayor of El Ayote, Judge 1996 - 1996 Foreign ministry, presidential Armed rebels Armed robbers, Armed students, candidate Arnoldo Aleman Election monitor, Election workers, Unknown attackers 1990 - 2013 Government, Police 2000 - 2000 Government spokesman, Mu- Andres Castro United Forces Sandinista civilians Ex-contras, Former Sandinista nicipal government leader, Yatama Indians 2001 - 2001 Liberal Constitutionalist Coffee growers Party, President 1999 - 1999 National Coordinator of Trans- Opposition legislator port, Pro-Sandinista students 1995 - 1995 National police headquarters, Criminal gangs Parliament 1993 - 1993 Police station, President Vio- Sandinista legislators Agricultural officials, Angry cit- leta Chamorro izens, Ex-Sandinistas, National Transport Committee 1991 - 1991 President Chamorro Contra chief Enrique Bermudez, Hotel workers, Hydoelectric dam, Sandinista workers Intercontinental and Las Mercedes hotels, Non-Sandinista cane cut- ters, Soldiers 1990 - 1990 Sandinista controlled police, Contras Campesinos, Catholic nuns, De- Sandinista National Workers’ mobilized Contra rebels, National Front, Sandinista peasants, Workers Front, Private ranch, Pro- Sandinista police force Sandinista air traffic controllers, Sugar workers, Telecom workers, Union of National Employees, United National Opposition, UNO legislater, UNO supporters, War victims 1990 - 2011 Sandinista supporters 1991 - 2000 Sandinistas 1998 - 1998 Eden Pastora, Revolutionary Armed Forces 1992 - 1992 Leftist Punitive Forces Coffee farmers, Miskito indians, Nicaraguan business federation, Re- contra bandits, Statue of a Spanish conqueror, University students 1993 - 1994 North Front 3-80 1994 - 1994 Rebels Aid workers, Miskito settlement 1997 - 1997 Sandinista National Liberation Former rebels, Rearmed guerrillas Front 1993 - 2004 Civilians 2013 - 2013 Armed criminal group, Pensioners 1998 - 2004 Armed men 2006 - 2006 Armed mob 1995 - 1996 Catholic church 1990 - 1991 Demobilized Contras 2002 - 2002 Ex-contra, Former guerrillas, For- mer president Arnoldo Aleman, Miners, Pro-Sandinista demonstra- tors, Triton Minera 1991 - 2006 Farmers 1990 - 2003 Former Contra rebels 2009 - 2011 Opposition supporters 1992 - 2012 Protesters 1998 - 2005 Public sector doctors 1990 - 2001 Public transport workers, Unknown gunmen 1991 - 1996 Recontras 2010 - 2010 Right wing legislators 1995 - 2005 Students 1992 - 1997 Transport workers 2003 - 2003 University president 1996 - 2000 Unknown 1991 - 1999 Unknown assassins 1990 - 1996 Unknown bombers 2009 - 2009 US ambassador

293 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.11 Panama (1990-2013)

Table 330: Panama Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1992 - 2013 Government 1998 - 1998 Government and Justice Min- Anti-privitization demonstrators, istry Foreign prisoners, Greenpeace, In- dependent Movement, The Pacific Swan, University of students 2002 - 2002 Government run hospitals ChevronTexaco, Construction industry, Construction worker’s union, Customs official, Drug traffickers, Petroleum workers 1990 - 1990 Legislators, President Col. Eduardo Herrera American Canal official, American Guillermo Endara, Supreme soldiers, Anti-imperialist groups, Court Coordinator of Unions, Public em- ployees, Unknown 1990 - 1991 Panamanian government, US Unknown gunmen Embassy 2000 - 2000 Police Armed men 2001 - 2001 Prison Bus owners, Panamanian courts, Prison inmates, Puerto Armuellas Fruit Company 1992 - 1992 State-owned water and elec- Editora America, S.A., Gunmen, tric company, State water and Movement of the Unemployed, sewer system workers, US Air Movement of the Unemployed Force, US Army in Colon, Port workers, Public transport workers 1990 - 2005 United States 1992 - 1994 US military Unknown bombers 1990 - 1992 M-20 1997 - 2003 Civilians 1997 - 1997 Accused murderers 1993 - 1993 American missionaries, Association of the Relatives of the Fallen, Na- tional Transportation Council, Un- known kidnappers 1993 - 2010 Banana workers 1996 - 1996 Canal Free Zone business associa- tion, Prisoners 1991 - 1991 Canal Zone truckers, Laborers 1996 - 1998 Chiriqui Land Company 1995 - 1995 Coalition of 49 construction and ba- nana workers’ unions 2011 - 2011 College students 2003 - 2003 Colombian paramilitaries 2004 - 2004 Colombian prisoners 1999 - 1999 Colombian rebels, Manuel Noriega, Tourists 1994 - 1994 Commuter plane, Cuban refugees 1992 - 2002 Doctors 2013 - 2013 Farmers 2012 - 2012 Grupo Unidos por el Canal, Panama Canal workers 2005 - 2005 High school students, Student groups 2011 - 2012 Indigenous people (Ngobe-Bugle ethnic group) 2008 - 2008 Israel 2006 - 2006 Journalists 1996 - 2000 Prison gangs 1991 - 2013 Protesters 1990 - 2004 Students

294 Actor Dictionaries xSub 7.12 Trinidad and Tobago (1995-2012)

Table 331: Trinidad & Tobago Year Government Rebel Civilian Other 1995 - 2012 Government 2003 - 2003 Police, Public prosecutors Anjuman Sunnat Ul Jamaat As- sociation, Disabled citizens, Hugo Chavez’s government, Venezuelans living in Trinidad, Villagers 2011 - 2011 Police Officers 2005 - 2005 State oil plant workers, Sup- porters of former Prime Minis- ter Basdeo Panday 2009 - 2009 State oil workers 1998 - 1998 Supporters of Prime Minister Journalists Basdeo Panday 2003 - 2005 Citizens 2006 - 2006 Alcoa Inc., Anti-smelter group, Oil refinery workers 2002 - 2002 Constitution Reform Forum, Medi- cal Doctors 1997 - 2004 Contractor Bechtel Intl, Gas plant construction workers 2012 - 2012 Environmentalists, Wayne Kublals- ingh 2000 - 2000 Gas plant owners 2004 - 2004 Hindu Credit Union, Opposition supporters, Teacher Union, Tug boat workers 2001 - 2001 Islamic Missionaries Guild, Sugar workers 2000 - 2006 Local Residents 2001 - 2003 Medical doctors, United States Government 1995 - 1995 Oilfield Workers Trade Union 1996 - 1996 Soccer fans, Soccer players 1999 - 1999 Students at the University of the West Indies, University officials

295 Actor Dictionaries xSub References

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