Iraq- Erbil Governorate, Mergasur District

Turkey

Mosul! ! Erbil Syria Iran Baghdad Ramadi! !\

Jordan Najaf!

Basrah! Saudi Arabia Kuwait

Chamtui IQ-P09935 ( Shateenis Jiniyuk IQ-P14806 ( IQ-P10037 (

Artees Bire IQ-P09821 IQ-P09902 ( ( Kie Lower Kiye Upper IQ-P14741 IQ-P14743 ( Rindela Chey Stune Naw Chali Bedar IQ-P10167 IQ-P09938 ( IQ-P14825 IQ-P14772 IQ-P14658 ( ( ( ( Titim Che IQ-P10249 Gre Himbe IQ-P09937 ( IQ-P09984 ( Dasht Dudan Katola IQ-P09944 IQ-P10060 ( Hetsh IQ-P10014 Harki ( Amedi District IQ-P14711 ( Maidane Mam Esa IQ-P10105 اﻟﻌﻣﺎدﯾﺔ IQ-P10107 ) ( Gavzana Jarmanda Khware Stppe IQ-P09980 Mez IQ-P10035 IQ-P10082 IQ-P10231 Piravdal ( IQ-D048 Dre Ardawel ( ( ( Qasirka ( IQ-P10151 IQ-P10129 IQ-P14687 IQ-P14632 ( ( ( Khware [1] IQ-P10154 Hish Bahada Mirwanis Biva Lata Isa IQ-P10083 IQ-P10027 Beda IQ-P09841 ( ( IQ-P10134 IQ-P09906 IQ-P14751 ( IQ-P09876 ( ( ( Zer ( Shamke Pir Hasin Banistan IQ-P10263 Mamisa Zahna Tolakh Sra Pira Chama ( ( IQ-P10196 IQ-P10148 IQ-P09850 ( ( ( IQ-P14837 IQ-P14833 IQ-P14823 IQ-P14779 IQ-P10108 ( ( ( Huse Sinje ( Balasina Hol Keryadere Tuya ( IQ-P10031 IQ-P10215 Basyan ( ( ( IQ-P09844 IQ-P1002(8 IQ-P10066 IQ-P14834 ( Meryava ( Raz(gah ( IQ-P14655 ( ( Awke IQ-P10127 IQ-P10161 Biyare Banisra IQ-P09831 Hel Bezina Barana Zilan Gilan ( ( Hinesh IQ-P09907 IQ-P09849 ( ( IQ-P14668 IQ-P14649 IQ-P14843 IQ-P14697 IQ-P10009 IQ-P10023 ( ( Hawra ( ( ( ( Khalka Rawiyan Chamar Zewka Upper IQ-P10007 Bizena Artika ( ( ( ( Mazye Shabakama IQ-P10071 IQ-P14681 IQ-P10271 ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14786 IQ-P14671 IQ-P14634 IQ-P10194 ( ( ( Artish Zewka Lower Upper Rze IQ-P09822 IQ-P10270 IQ-P10117 Silura Mawatan ( IQ-P10171 ( Maze Upper ( IQ-P14817 IQ-P14763 ( ( IQ-P10114 Maze Lower Warakhal Hiriyashk Sume IQ-P10113 IQ-P10256 ( ( IQ-P10024 IQ-P14827 Mazye Zheri Kula ( ( ( Baghala Mergasur District IQ-P10118 IQ-P10091 Suryan Gwize Bargali IQ-P09839 ( Shive Argosh ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P10238 Sina IQ-P14706 IQ-P14652 IQ-P14815 IQ-P14633 ﻣﯾرﻛﺳور ) ) Bezale IQ-P14818 ( ( ( IQ-P09892 Bawa Meroz ( ( IQ-P09867 IQ-D067 ( IQ-P14766 Turkey ( Hadisva Sarke Shaja Chame Ji Krana Bezhiyan Banan ( IQ-P09997 IQ-P10184 IQ-P10195 IQ-P09929 ( ( K(ukar ( ( ( ( IQ-P14747 IQ-P14667 IQ-P14647 ( ( ( IQ-P10089 ( Peparkha Bekru Heza ( ( Diheek Buse ( IQ-P10147 IQ-P09883 IQ-P10016 IQ-P14679 ( Lower ( ( ( IQ-P09958 Renj Brakha Garav Zewka Palana IQ-P10163 IQ-P09975 IQ-P14776 IQ-P10269 ( ( ( Gund Upper Hizan IQ-P09993 IQ-P14719 ( ( Sida ( IQ-P10211 Besape Nahishk Artsh ( Muka Dizu IQ-P09888 IQ-P10139 IQ-P09823 Bnave ( ( ( ( Rishma IQ-P14768 IQ-P14673 IQ-P14685 IQ-P14791 ( (( ( Piramark Navgrka Taylli Bnavi Pendro IQ-P10149 IQ-P14770 Hadne ( ( IQ-P14674 IQ-P14778 IQ-P(14831 ( ( IQ-P15285 Sita Teli ( ( ( ( IQ-P10218 IQ-P14832 Karapich ( Avadur ( Sare IQ-P15350 IQ-P14637 ( Babsefa Pirsurnd Selke Kani But Zete ( ( ( IQ-P14643 IQ-P14798 IQ-P14804 Chama liwa Siro ( Suirya ( ( IQ-P14726 IQ-P14841 ( ( ( IQ-P15215 IQ-P15526 Upper Sefiya ( ( Stupe Edlbi ( IQ-P10236 Daryasor ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14803 IQ-P14826 IQ-P14690 Dawidka( ( IQ-P15232 Kampe ( ( IQ-P14683 Shine ( ( IQ-P10041 Kampe ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14724 Dawudka IQ-P14812 ( ( ( Sardasht ( Beere East IQ-P14684 ( Balinda Rekul Shinkil IQ-P14797 Suirya Hipe IQ-P09880 IQ-P14645 IQ-P14788 IQ-P14813 Kanya Rash ( ( ( ( Lower ( IQ-P14718 ( IQ-P15348 IQ-P10235 ( ( Hilora Hure Lere Gemadi IQ-P14721 IQ-P14755 IQ-P14696 IQ-P19393 ( ( Hilora( ( ( Avbara IQ-P19394 IQ-P15133 ( ( Klkamu Sherwan Hardan IQ-P14744 Savra IQ-P14710 ( Mazn ( ( Kilkamu Beshun IQ-P14802 Zargata Barmiza Chnara Heshi ( IQ-P14742 IQ-P14665 ( ( ( IQ-P15150 IQ-P15218 IQ-P15306 IQ-P14838 ( ( ( ( ( ( Tatke Sardari Kanita Dudamara ( Bardasor Bardari Lakota Bnawanok Hayat ( IQ-P14830 Kolaka IQ-P14796 IQ-P14730 IQ-P14688 IQ-P14651 IQ-P14650 IQ-P15389 IQ-P15203 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P15304 IQ-P15383 Shini Upper Baze Sarkeri ( ( ( ( Kani Bot Khaluna ( IQ-P19649 IQ-P14657 IQ-P14799 Khalona Hazir Kakle Haruna Jird Hamdula IQ-P14725 Harshm ( ( IQ-P14735 IQ-P14734 IQ-P14717 IQ-P14722 IQ-P15292 IQ-P15318 Napakhe ( (Sarkr ( ( ( ( IQ-P15291 Aliyan IQ-P14709 Raziyan ( ( ( ( IQ-P19568 ( Bie IQ-P14800 Chama ( IQ-P14631 IQ-P14787 Kherazok Kawna Gund Sida Imam Shah Barazgr ( ( Napakhe IQ-P14670 IQ-P14680 ( Baniye ( ( ( IQ-P14739 Grkaban IQ-P14732 IQ-P15519 IQ-P15312 IQ-P15144 IQ-P19567 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19223 Shini Lower Babana IQ-P14703 ( ( ( ( IQ-P19648 IQ-P14640 Kani Lanj Narme Enamsid ( Hasne ( Has(n(aka ( IQ-P14729 IQ-P14769 IQ-P14691 Baniye Havinka Erbil Governorate ( ( ( IQ-P14714 Old IQ-P14715 ( ( Hasnaka New Hostan Bekhshash Berisya Rasumara ( IQ-P19224 IQ-P14713 Halun Babke Halgera ( Presa Havndka IQ-P14712 IQ-P14720 IQ-P14663 IQ-P14785 Zrara IQ-P14664 IQ-P14708 IQ-P14642 Bndar ارﺑﯾل ) ) ) IQ-P19581 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P15286 Chale IQ-P14716 IQ-P14845 ( ( ( ( IQ-P14675 ( ( Barzan Resha Naw Dasht Baive ( IQ-P19274 IQ-G11 Mamolan Rasul Omara Blasinan ( IQ-P14654 IQ-P14789 IQ-P14773 ( ( IQ-P14759 IQ-P14644 IQ-P14784 Skusnawa IQ-P15197 Kadana ( ( Khushana IQ-P1(5529 ( Daila ( ( ( ( IQ-P19424 Sreshma Bedyal Lerabir Bana IQ-P19493 Mamisk Kalok Sora Zawi Banok Kolaka Marmarok IQ-P15223 ( IQ-P14824 IQ-P14662 IQ-P14754 Charbut ( ( IQ-P14646 IQ-P14758 IQ-P14723 IQ-P14819 IQ-P14648 IQ-P14745 ( ( ( ( ( Piran IQ-P15411 Dayima Aw Charbut IQ-P19283 Huike Hinare Dure Bedod ( ( ( Susnawa ( (( ( ( ( ( ( Dore ( IQ-P14689 Kuranah IQ-P14780 IQ-P15235 ( IQ-P19284 IQ-P19403 IQ-P19395 Wazhe IQ-P14660 ( Gojar IQ-P14828 Kawlabas ( ( ( IQ-P14686 IQ-P14749 ( ( Gulanok Kuran IQ-P14836 IQ-P14699 IQ-P15356 Latka ( ( ( ( ( Bedud ( Sarke IQ-P14705 IQ-P14748 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19523 Shekhan IQ-P14661 ( IQ-P19617 Masan Grkal Chwikan Hnjira (( ( ( IQ-P14809 ( IQ-P14762 IQ-P14704 IQ-P15222 IQ-P15309 ( ( Bazi Qurna Sarkavr Sarke ( ( ( ( ( Bedarun Eshukur Kawlan Maran ( IQ-P19250 IQ-P19615 IQ-P19618 Kani Der Sarchar Gora Krosk Mina Upper ( ( ( IQ-P14659 IQ-P14692 Sarukani IQ-P14731 IQ-P14760 IQ-P14728 ( ( ( IQ-P14795 IQ-P14700 IQ-P15423 ( Zamane Merdavia IQ-P14801 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19698 Harine Asta ( IQ-P19548 Korke Zhazhuk Marana Goraboza ( ( IQ-P19386 Ble IQ-P14636 ( Birakapra ( ( IQ-P14746 IQ-P14842 IQ-P14761 IQ-P15270 Dodi Upper IQ-P14672 ( ( ( ( ( Dustaka Harine Birakapra IQ-P19259 Usta Galava Shekh ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19304 Shanik Saluka Tatiwa Shirawiya ( ( ( IQ-P19325 IQ-P19387 IQ-P19260 ( IQ-P14835 IQ-P14695 Goratu Bestre Watman Shiwasan Mina Lower ( ( ( ( IQ-P19637 ( IQ-P14794 IQ-P14829 IQ-P14814 Bnebiya ( ( (Sarkavr ( IQ-P14702 IQ-P14666 IQ-P14808 IQ-P15513 Bamishmish ( ( ( ( IQ-P14676 ( IQ-P15422 Artun Lower Kavlka Bazi Gali IQ-P19614 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19214 ( Denava Rezan ( IQ-P19197 IQ-P19448 IQ-P19249 Zuragvan Hadur Kania Maran ( ( Khanage ( IQ-P19293 IQ-P14790 ( ( ( IQ-P14707 Kani Gomana IQ-P19726 ( ( ( ( Mergasur IQ-P15347 ( Gira IQ-P19470 Qalatuk ( ( ( ( Zanda ( Hizheeruk IQ-P19350 IQ-P1934(4 Safte Rayzan Nadar Pirasal IQ-P15553 IQ-P14783 Lower Giske Gor Bacrosk ( ( IQ-P(19439 ( Dvri IQ-P19602 IQ-P19594 IQ-P19563 ( IQ-P14781 Mergasur Upper ( ( ( ( IQ-P14698 IQ-P15265 Dude Small IQ-P19327 ( IQ-P14765 ( ( ( ( Bani Mawata ( ( ( ( IQ-P19320 Sian Tatu Sian Haji Safte Shre Spindara Mergasur ( ( Dvri IQ-P19221 IQ-P19659 Bawa Khoshkan Zeda Tarstan ( ( IQ-P19662 ( Husen ( ( IQ-P19603 IQ-P14822 Lower Bani Mawata ( IQ-P14656 IQ-P14740 IQ-P14840 Bukran IQ-P15544 Zana IQ-P19328 ( ( ( Kortka New IQ-P19661 IQ-P19220 IQ-P14764 ( IQ-P14678 ( ( ( ( IQ-P19699 ( Darbutk Alka Ashkafta IQ-P19506 Zewa Naw Kfri Azadi Barozh Shiwa Tu Zerkan ( ( ( IQ-P19289 IQ-P19186 IQ-P14635 Khardn Grbish Grbish IQ-P19709 ( Irwan IQ-P14774 IQ-P14639 IQ-P14653 IQ-P14816 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14738 IQ-P15559 Merga Rash Kortka Avdalka Collective Grbish Lower IQ-P19404 Sako Lower ( ( ( ( ( ( Zewa Isumara Turishk ( Shekh Sida IQ-P19549 IQ-P19505 IQ-P19198 IQ-P19362 Upper ( IQ-P14792 Pedawar Gorabakrosk Kangrina ( ( ( ( IQ-P19364 IQ-P19710 IQ-P19410 IQ-P19690 Saka (IQ-P19365 ( ( ( IQ-P14807 IQ-P14777 Naw Mergan IQ-P14701 ( Misilyan ( ( IQ-P19604 ( IQ-P15333 Shirita ( Mazringan ( ( ( IQ-P14775 ( ( ( ( Turishk Irwan Mlane Laylok ( Gundik IQ-P19558 IQ-P19650 Grbish IQ-P19545 Sako Upper Layluk Zine Dola Marg ( IQ-P19689 IQ-P19405 IQ-P19559 IQ-P19376 Lower ( ( Shana(dar IQ-P14793 IQ-P14753 IQ-P14752 IQ-P14844 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P15243 Avdalka IQ-P19363 Dinarta (IQ-P19633 ( ( ( Saka Harbu Kulka Gundik IQ-P19199 IQ-P19299 Kani Halan Faqiyan Naw Khalan Babel Dara ( ( ( ( Amada Upper Lera Smaq ( IQ-P19437 IQ-P19605 IQ-P19381 IQ-P19511 IQ-P14693 IQ-P14771 IQ-P14733 IQ-P19377 ( ( IQ-P19190 ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14641 IQ-P14682 IQ-P15394 Hashtka Mafraq ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Kani Halan Merge Naqabe Faqyan Byaw Khardis IQ-P19390 Dinarta Kani Dan Shetna ( ( IQ-P19438 IQ-P19552 IQ-P19569 IQ-P14694 ( IQ-P19525 ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P14727 IQ-P19473 Zhirka ( Ashkawtwan IQ-P14811 Guiske Amada ( ( ( ( ( Ras Alain IQ-P19715 IQ-P15132 IQ-P19374 Baruzh Zawa Upper ( Khara ( Habibyan Bedur ( ( IQ-P19592 ( IQ-P19236 (IQ-P(19191( ( Merge Harbo IQ-P14736 Sherokyan IQ-P15284 IQ-P15165 Shiva Guiske Soran Upper ( Khrpa Harki Qshla Marane IQ-P19380 Ashkawta ( ( IQ-P15507 ( ( ( ( IQ-P19652 IQ-P19551 Bekrse ( IQ-P14821 ( IQ-P19491 IQ-P19544 ( Avdalan IQ-P15131 Gawara Asfil Faqiyan Koshina ( ( ( IQ-P19588 Ninewa Governorate Tuizhge ( Shiva Dze Khrpa Zebari Sarimi ( Sar Gali ( ( IQ-P19253 IQ-P14638 IQ-P15261 IQ-P15129 IQ-P15251 Hassan Badu Bashqal ( ( ( ( IQ-P15509 ( IQ-P19492 IQ-P19612 IQ-P19607 IQ-P19687 ( ( ( ( ( ( Soran Lower ﻧﯾﻧوى IQ-P19508 Razuk Akre Agha ( Akre Harmawa Khoshakal Sirstan Susna ( ( IQ-P19178 ( IQ-P19239 IQ-P14820 Mazna Police Post IQ-P19595 ( IQ-P15290 IQ-P15376 IQ-P15527 IQ-P19676 Razuk Biuk Upper Al Qal’a IQ-G15 Qasrok ( IQ-P1(5416 ( ( ( ( ( ( Juna Isqel Qisinjar IQ-P19596 IQ-P19262 IQ-P19181 Turshke Sarkandal IQ-P15457 Harwe Sadar ( ( ( ( IQ-P19420 Merake Mazne IQ-P15314 IQ-P15460 Koc(hina ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Bashqal IQ-P19691 IQ-P19613 Mande IQ-P15295 IQ-P15477 ( ( ( IQ-P19546 IQ-P15417 IQ-P1(9496 Smaquk Bashqal ( ( IQ-P19538 ( ( ( ( Kawna G(und ( Shorash Rawand Zinta Kani Dir Busel Sardaw ( ( ( IQ-P19669 Merake Suse Malman Rashagul IQ-P15359 ( ( 11 AILOL IQ-P19658 Agha IQ-P19241 IQ-P19719 IQ-P19436 Collective ( ( ( IQ-P19273 Kalati IQ-P19547 IQ-P19675 IQ-P19176 IQ-P19240 Ekmala ( ( ( ( IQ-P15406 IQ-P15468 IQ-P15485 Zintachula ( Sari Aw Sarokani IQ-P19426 ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19330 Bjil ( ( ( Zerina Zawi ( IQ-P19720 IQ-P19611 Juna IQ-P19621 Kalati ( Malojan ( IQ-P19268 Sarbardok Zardagom Nergzin Kunamar IQ-P15558 ( ( ( ( Shanasur IQ-P19427 Akre District Cham Beke ( IQ-P19421 ( Shanasur ( ( IQ-P15407 IQ-P15482 IQ-P15554 IQ-P15436 IQ-P15388 ( IQ-P19634 Milla IQ-P19275 ( ( ( Shkafta Shiwa Kur Bsatin Qapke Mergin Dizok ( ( ( ( ( Zrgiza IQ-P19635 ( Sharani Dashtel Ruilik Susnawa Mala Musa Mandan Chama Harmi Sirman ﻋﻘرة Moghara IQ-P19653 IQ-P19272 IQ-P19553 IQ-P19302 Zirgeta ( IQ-P19554 IQ-P19291 IQ-P19599 IQ-P19677 Qamaryan IQ-P19656 IQ-P19724 ( ( Shanasur [2] ( ( IQ-P19526 IQ-P15410 IQ-P15524 Shab Omar IQ-P19721 ( ( ( Khalan ( Soran District IQ-P15214 Zrgiza ( IQ-P19636 IQ-P1(5455 ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19627 Nahawa Sarsul Ruilik Kela Spi Suraban IQ-P19461 IQ-D083 IQ-P19725 ( Zirgeta ( QAlata Khunasi Rashagom Khatunawa Badilyan ﺳوران IQ-P19564 IQ-P19622 Lower IQ-P19453 IQ-P19672 Warya Bekhma Dam ) ( ( ( IQ-P19722 ( Surya IQ-P15454 Khawr IQ-P15467 ( IQ-P19600 ( ( IQ-P19697 ( ( ( Complex IQ-P15370 IQ-P15135 Shab Omar Smilan IQ-P19674 IQ-P15381 ( ( Hanara ( ( ( Umar Khushan Nahawa Chamasel Kanda Sur Besmakaran Biye Sawa IQ-P15168 IQ-P19628 IQ-P19670 IQ-P19565 IQ-P19280 Nerwa ( Kuna Sikhur Upper IQ-D069 Hawdiyan Shawrawa Delizyan IQ-P19692 ( ( IQ-P19429 IQ-P19256 IQ-P19265 IQ-P15492 ( ( ( IQ-P19572 IQ-P15387 IQ-P15288 Belinger IQ-P15301 IQ-P15502 Junala ( ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P15236 Shiv Razan Banamil Shawish Mergamoshk ( Bekhma Hanara ( Upper ( ( ( ( Sitkan Banasur Junala IQ-P19422 Zewa Upper Dola Tesu IQ-P19651 IQ-P19215 IQ-P19642 ( Lower Lower IQ-P15174 Belinger Lower Khoshkan Kuna ( ( ( IQ-P19666 IQ-P19550 IQ-P19217 IQ-P19423 Nerwa IQ-P19712 IQ-P15245 Sitkan New ( Bahra(wa ( ( ( IQ-P15169 IQ-P15287 IQ-P15173 ( IQ-P19573 ( Galuk (Galuk Mam ( ( ( IQ-P15378 Sikhurkan Ala Rash Nergizeen IQ-P19668 Sitkan Faqi Ali Bekhma Qaran(iawa ( ( ( ( Gr Ashur Gujar Mam Sak Upper Sak Lower ( ( IQ-P19512 IQ-P19183 IQ-P19571 IQ-P19667 IQ-P19206 Upper Bawrakan Khalan IQ-P15456 Grd Khiwat Ghafurawa ( ( IQ-P19356 ( ( ( ( IQ-P19375 IQ-P19335 IQ-P19334 ( Garmk(a IQ-P15170 IQ-P15162 IQ-P15364 IQ-P15276 IQ-P15263 Hama Guvd Mlke Jibu Kharjawa Warmila ( ( ( ( ( Bahrawa Musa Mamian Upper ( IQ-P019379 IQ-P19560 IQ-P19474 IQ7-P19696 Banamil 14 Km Bekhme GOraz Knak Chozga ( ( Zinava ( IQ-P19207 IQ-P19338 Yadi Qizlar ( Gashka ( IQ-P19216 ( ( Kashana IQ-P19251 Shaqlawa District IQ-P15273 IQ-P15382 ( Ghazi ( ( IQ-P15221 IQ-P13935 ( Drin Shekh Drin Khuja Barak Lower Khalin Dustan IQ-P19444 ( ( ( IQ-P19718 Shkafte Dazin Sharafona ) Sinawah Jonala Darbanduk Balakyan ﺷﻘﻼوة ) IQ-P19318 IQ-P19317 IQ-P19227 IQ-P19340 IQ-P19466 IQ-P19326 ) ( ( ( ( ( Kelana IQ-P19657 IQ-P19292 Sor(an Gashka Upper ( ( ( ( ( IQ-P19639 IQ-P15523 IQ-P15321 IQ-P15228 IQ-P19455 ( ( IQ-P15137 IQ-P19341 IQ-D068 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Creation date: 9 August 2014 Contacts: [email protected] Sources: Governorate boundaries(: COD Topography: Hill shaded SRTM Note on administrative geography data: ( ( ( ( ( District boundaries: COD ('109 districts') Rivers and lakes: NIMA The pcodes shown( on this map use the Common Operational ( ( ( ( ( Glide number: OT-2014-000074-IRQ ( ( ( ( ( ( Dataset (COD) for July 2014. This uses the '109 districts' admin ( ( ( ( ( ( Settlements: COD (orig. IOM) ( ( ( ( ( ( www.humanitarianresponse.info/operations/iraq Roads: Logs Clus(ter / NIMA file and the revised pcoding system where IQ-Gxx are ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( governorate codes,IQ-Dxxx are districts and IQ-Pxxxxx are ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ind(ividual s(ettl(ements ( The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on thi(s map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (