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The Four Last Things Reflections on Death, Judgment, Heaven & Hell

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The Four Last Things Reflections on Death, Judgment, Heaven & Hell THEOLOGY The Four Last Things Reflections on Death, Judgment, Heaven & Hell Regis Martin, S.T.D. LECTURE GUIDE Learn More www.CatholicCourses.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Lecture Summaries LECTURE 1 Introducing the Study of the Last Things.......................................................................4 LECTURE 2 The Christian Conception of Time and Its Relation to the Last Things...8 Feature: The Sacrament of the Present Moment...............................................................12 LECTURE 3 Exploring the Nature and Dynamism of Hope.......................................................14 LECTURE 4 On First Opening the Door of Death..............................................................................18 Feature: The Last Rites.......................................................................................................................22 LECTURE 5 On Seeing Death as a Christian and the Consolation It Brings............... 24 LECTURE 6 The Jig Is Up: On Judgment and the World to Come.........................................28 Feature: Purgatory................................................................................................................................ 32 LECTURE 7 On Going to Hell..............................................................................................................................34 LECTURE 8 On the Reality and Nature of Heaven.............................................................................38 Suggested Reading from Regis Martin, S.T.D.................................................................42 2 The Four Last Things / Regis Martin, S.T.D. THEOLOGY The Four Last Things Regis Martin, S.T.D. Reflections on Death, Judgment, Heaven & Hell Regis Martin, S.T.D. Franciscan University of Steubenville, OH BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Dr. Regis Martin is a longtime Professor of Systematic Theology at the Franciscan University of Steubenville, Ohio, where he teaches courses on God and Grace, Christ and the Church, and Mary and the Sacraments. Professor Martin holds both a Licentiate and a Doctorate in Sacred Theology from the Angelicum—the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome, Italy. He is the author of several books, including - The Four Last Things (TAN Books, forthcoming) - The Suffering of Love: Christ’s Descent into the Hell of Human Hopelessness (Ignatius Press, 2007) - What is the Church? Confessions of a Cradle Catholic (Emmaus Road, 2003) - Flannery O’Connor: Unmasking the Devil (Sapientia Press, 2005) Professor Martin has lectured across the country and his articles have been published by the National Review, Commonweal, Crisis, Lay Witness, and Magnificat Prayer Book. Professor Martin is currently featured on EWTN with Fr. Michael Scanlon and Dr. Scott Hahn in a popular, long-running series titled Franciscan University Presents. Learn More 3 The Four Last Things Regis Martin, S.T.D. Lecture 1 Introducing the Study of the Last Things Our likeness to God is not the result of our own doing, but of God’s generosity. Thus, our first obligation is gratitude for a gift we can never give ourselves. We have a universal call to prayer which should always begin with thanksgiving. When we do not pray, we deny our creaturely status and the recognition that from moment to moment, we exist entirely on sufferance. If God were to stop speaking our names, we would be vaporized at once. We must rely on prayer in order to find the The Our Father is the voice strength and courage necessary to face our end. and content of Christian The Our Father is the Lord’s Prayer—the most hope. powerful and efficacious prayer of the Church. It is the only prayer enjoined upon us by our Blessed Savior and thus the most perfect form of petitionary prayer. Additionally, the Our Father is the only prayer in which all the things for which we hope are given profound and lasting expression. Hope is the key virtue for understanding the Church’s doctrine of the end. The Our Father declares our hope that God will reach down into this fallen world in order to save us. With Hope, we can rest assured in all the promises of our Catholic faith, which include Heaven and the Face of God smiling upon us forever. With Hope, we can also face what imperils those promises and what might lead to the everlasting torments of Hell. 4 The Four Last Things / Regis Martin, S.T.D. In our modern age, a perverse silence hovers on the air the moment the subject of death is brought up. Yes, certainly, Christ tells us: “I am the resurrection and the life” and “he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live” (John 11:25-26). However, is anyone really interested in dying in order to discover what lies beyond the veil of human mortality, even if that should be Heaven? The Lord’s Prayer As it happens, we have no other point of entry into eternity apart from Our Father, Who art in Heaven, death. And yet, when we consider the hallowed be Thy Name. price to be paid, everlasting life seems Thy Kingdom come. to hold no appeal. For most people, Thy Will be done, on earth as it is in Heaven. looking to the end is exactly what they Give us this day our daily bread, wish to avoid. Ironically, when we do and forgive us our trespasses, finally turn our heads to face the end, as we forgive those who trespass against us. it will most likely be the end. Jesus And lead us not into temptation, urged his disciples to watch and pray, but deliver us from evil. Amen. to be mindful of the end: “Therefore you also must be ready for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect” (Matthew 24:44). We are so easily “distracted from distraction by distraction,” to recall Eliot’s image of modern man in fearful flight from death. It seems that our inborn hunger for God and an eternity spent in his com- pany has become a sort of vestigial organ which is no longer exercised. Learn More 5 nothing more than an extended meditation on death; who carry their deaths before them; who live always on the edge of eternity. It makes all the difference in the world, as Pascal would say, “if it is certain that we shall not be here for long, and uncertain whether we shall be here even one hour.” After death begin the things that will go on forever and ever. “To those who live by faith,” writes Blessed John Henry Cardinal New- man, “everything they see speaks of that future world.... All that we see is destined one day to burst forth into a heavenly bloom. Heaven at Is it possible that the wings of the present is out of sight, but in due human spirit have grown atrophied time, as snow melts and discov- for want of use? ers what it lay upon, so will this To speak nowadays of man’s pil- visible creation fade away before grim state, of his promised home- those greater splendors which are land in Heaven, of the tribulations behind it, and on which at pres- of the world, and of the hope we ent it depends” (Plain & Parochial have for life beyond the grave, Sermons Vol. 4, sermon 14). invites a blank stare of stupefaction And so, as Christians, we do from the many for whom eternity have hope which sustains us in the has lost all attraction. But the price face of death. Our hope is to share paid for such silence about death in the glory of Heaven with Our is a heavy one. No one is exempt Blessed Lady, whose fiat—her “yes” from the final nightfall through to God—opened the door of the which we shall all one day pass. world to Christ, our salvation. We Why not then follow the can turn to her, asking through her example of Socrates, who famously intercession for the gift of Hope, in said that “the unexamined life order that we might both under- is not worth living?” Practice stand the Last Things and be given imitating those whose life is the courage to face them. 6 The Four Last Things / Regis Martin, S.T.D. Introducing the Study of the Last Things Discussion Questions 1. When we are faced with the Four Last Things, what should be our atti- tude toward prayer? How does the Our Father relate to Hope—the virtue most necessary in facing the End? 2. How does it help us to understand life if we see it, not as a problem to be solved, but as a mystery to be endured? 3. Why is modern man so fearful of the presence of death? Why does our society have such a widespread resistance to eschatological inquiry? Notes: Learn More 7 The Four Last Things Regis Martin, S.T.D. Lecture 2 The Christian Conception of Time and Its Relation to the Last Things We can think of life as a journey that eventu- ates in death. At birth, we all enter upon the road along which we must travel in the course of living our lives. The road ends with death, which is fol- lowed by judgment and the prospect of an eternity of either Heaven or Hell. Three classifications can be made about this metaphor of life as a journey. First, life begins, and then it ends. Meanwhile, sandwiched in-between, there is time in each pass- ing moment, replete with all the promise and the possibility of human freedom. Time is the theater for our The Church in her wisdom and experience journey home to God. studies time in three distinct disciplines, each of which aims to throw light upon these great and seminal moments of time. Archeology studies the first things. The other end of the stick, Eschatology, studies the end—the Last Things. Finally, Kairology is the study of this present moment, which St. Paul calls kairos. It is not the same as chronos, which is mechanical, segmented time by which we mark off hours and days and weeks. Kairos is God’s time and is therefore free and gracious. Indeed, kairos is a gift given to us by God so that we can experience this present, passing moment as a means of grace, a sacrament even.
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