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48 49 by Cem DOĞUT bomber that could operate Electric J79-GE-8 engine first jet aircraft produced Phantom’s story began in any weather conditions was selected to power the by McDonnell Douglas. in 1952 when David S. (all-weather). The project aircraft. The J79 was also The F4H-1 first entered Lewis was appointed as was launched with these used on the McDonnell service in 1960 with the the preliminary design needs, but on May 29, Douglas F-101 Voodoo U.S. Navy. In the meantime, manager of McDonnell 1955, new requirements aircraft, and as in Voodoo, the United States Air Douglas (MDD). With were sent to the company the engines sat low in Force also requested a the team he established, by the Navy. Everything the fuselage to maximize new plane. Secretary of he started working on had changed suddenly. internal fuel capacity and Defense Robert McNamara the new aircraft model Now, the Navy wanted a ingested air through fixed wanted the same aircraft requested by the U.S. tandem-seat fighter jet geometry intakes. With all to be used in all aviation Navy. The aircraft would that could fly CAP (Combat these changes, the first branches (Air Force, Navy, be a supersonic fighter jet. Air Patrol) missions at 300 XF4H-1 prototype was Marines) of the military. MDD started the “Super miles for 2 hours with the finished and became ready The Navy wanted the Demon” project based on capability to detect and for new trials. On July 25, Phantom as an interceptor, the existing F3H Demon engage hostile aircraft at 1955, the Navy ordered two while the Air Force wanted model. MDD’s rivals the extended ranges. XF4H-1 test aircraft and five it for its fighter-bomber Grumman XF9F-9 and the YF4H-1 pre-production missions. The new The YAH-1 project was later Vought XF8U-1 Crusader examples. The first test Phantoms produced for revised. A second crewman were already meeting aircraft made its maiden the Navy are considered was added to operate the supersonic fighter flight on May 27, 1958, with more successful than the the radar, the internally requirements. In response, test pilot Robert C. Little at Convair F-106 aircraft used mounted cannon was they started to work on the controls. The plane was by the Air Force and was removed, the fuselage the more advanced YAH- officially named Phantom II selected by the USAF as was modified to carry 1 project in 1954. The on July 3, 1959, at the 20th well. The plane was initially four semi-active homing planned design criteria anniversary of the factory designated F4H (later missiles, and the General were a single-seat fighter/ to honor FH-1 Phantom, the F-4A) by the United States 50 AJB-3 bombing computer. inches, and the AN/APQ- over. This because the A total of 649 F-4Bs were 116 terrain-following radar USAF believed that newly produced. In the following (TFR) was installed on the introduced radars and years, this model began aircraft. For photography, air-to-air missiles would to be replaced with the the plane was equipped replace the cannons, and F-4J, and between 1966 with a KS-87 forward the hostile aircraft would and 1972, 552 F-4J aircraft oblique camera, two KS- be engaged at 10-15 miles were delivered in total. 87 side-looking cameras, without getting closer to The 288 F-4B aircraft were and a KS-56 panoramic the enemy. Phantom II upgraded to the F-4N camera pointing straight was built on this theory. standard. down. The aircraft’s sensor Unfortunately, this theory suite was also upgraded soon found to be a mistake, The F-4B Phantom II with the AN/APQ-102 and USAF learned the hard aircraft went to Vietnam on side-looking radar and way in the Vietnam War. The August 5, 1964, to conduct the AN/AAS-18A infrared relatively new heat-seeking bomber escort missions. On reconnaissance system for and radar-guided missiles April 9, 1965, the Phantom easier navigation in adverse at the time were frequently II won its first air victory. weather conditions and reported as unreliable, so During the war, U.S. Navy night missions. In 1971, the the cannon was still needed F-4 Phantom squadrons RF-4E was produced by for close engagements. participated in 84 combat combining the RF-4C nose To overcome this tours with F-4Bs, F-4Js, and and the F-4E airframe for problem, USAF F-4Cs F-4Ns. The Navy claimed the German Air Force. The began carrying external 40 air-to-air victories at RF-4E was the unarmed gun pods; however, the the cost of 73 Phantoms export version offered desired hit rate could not lost in combat (7 to enemy to allied air forces. It was be achieved as the aircraft aircraft, 13 to SAMs, and designed strictly for export was not equipped with 53 to AAA). In 1987 the last and never served with the lead-computing gunsights. Phantoms were retired USAF. The lack of a cannon was from deployable USN addressed by adding an © Cem DOĞUT squadrons. Phantoms The F-4D model was internally mounted 20 continued to serve as put into service in 1967. mm M61A1 Vulcan on the Although the F-4C was Navy, while the original target drones (QF-4) at the F-4E using the extended virtually identical to designation by the USAF Naval Air Warfare Center nose section of the RF-4C. the Navy/Marine Corps was the F-110A Spectre until their subsequent The combined weight of F-4B in performance, (later F-4C). The F-4 retirement in 2004. the gun and ammunition the F-4Ds were explicitly shifted the center of gravity designation came about in The Air Force F-4Cs arrived tailored for the needs of of the plane forward. To 1962 when the designation in Vietnam in December the USAF. The D models fix this, a seventh fuel cell systems for all branches 1964. On July 10, 1965, were later upgraded using was added to the rear, the of the U.S. military were F-4Cs of the 45th Tactical the experience gained radar was replaced with unified by order of U.S. Fighter Squadron scored in Vietnam. They were the new AN/APQ-120, Defense Secretary Robert the USAF’s first victories integrated with a new and the existing J79-GE-8 McNamara. The first Air against North Vietnamese optical sight and lead- engines were replaced Force F-4C Phantom flew MiG-17s using AIM-9 computing gunsight. The with the more powerful on May 27, 1963, exceeding Sidewinder air-to-air aircraft could carry 20mm J79-GE-17 engines (each Mach 2 on its maiden flight. missiles. In 1962, the U.S. SUU-16/A and SUU-23/A can generate 17900 lbs. Air Force wanted to replace The first Phantom model external gun pods. Also, of thrust) to compensate its RF-101 reconnaissance used by the Navy in real they started to use laser- the increased weight. Also, aircraft and started the terms was the F-4B. In guided munition for the F-4E Block 48 models RF-4C development 1961 both the Navy and first time with the AN/AVQ- were fitted with leading- program. The prototypes Marine Corps began to add 10 Pave Knife targeting edge slats to increase the were concerted from the F-4Bs to their inventories. pod. aircraft maneuverability. existing F-4C airframes, The aircraft is equipped The United States Air Force and the production aircraft In the late 50s and early with J79-GE-8 axial-flow retired the F-4s from active made its initial flight 60s, the U.S. Air Force turbojet engines, AN/ duty in 1996, and just like in May 1964. The nose thought that the era of APQ-72 radar, AAA-4 the Navy continued to use section was redesigned close-range dog fights infrared search & track the planes as target drones and extended by 33 with aircraft guns was (IRST) system, and AN/ until January 1, 2017. 51 International © Roger RICHARDS F/RF-4 Phantom II Users Germany In the 1960s, the F-104G Starfighter became the standard aircraft of NATO and Luftwaffe (German Air Force). By the early 70s, the F-104G was struggling to meet the needs of users. Luftwaffe wanted a high performance, reliable and fast aircraft that could fly H-423 laser gyro inertial Canberra B.20 bombers a total of 92 F-4Ds in the in any weather condition. navigation system (INS), in the RAAF fleet until the following period. The Due to the high losses with the GEC Avionics CPU- F-111C was received.24 ROKAF also ordered 37 the F-104Gs, they sought 143/A digital central air data aircraft produced for USAF new-built F-4Es and started for a twin-engine plane. computer, and MFD (Multi- were leased to RAAF for receiving these aircraft in Germany first ordered 88 Function Display) screens two years at a total cost of 1978. They received 23 RF- RF-4Es in 1969 and then were added to the aircraft. $US41,554 million under 4Cs from the USAF in 1990. ordered another 175 F-4F Germany retired her F-4Fs the “Peace Reef” program The RF-4Cs are officially Phantom II on June 24, in 2013. which was signed on June retired, and a small number 1971. Under this agreement, 22, 1970. All 24 aircraft of F-4Es are still active. Messerschmitt-Bölkow- Australia were delivered to Australia Blohm (MBB) would United Kingdom In the 1960s, McDonnell between September and manufacture parts for Douglas offered a special October.
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