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Ethiopian Calendar from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Ethiopian calendar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Ethiopian calendar (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር?; yä'Ityoṗṗya zämän aḳoṭaṭär) is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and also serves as the liturgical year for Christians in Eritrea and Ethiopia belonging to the Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, Eastern Catholic Churches and Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. It is a solar calendar which in turn derives from the Egyptian Calendar, but like the Julian Calendar, it adds a leap day every four years without exception, and begins the year on August 29th or August 30th in the Julian Calendar. A gap of 7–8 years between the Ethiopian and Gregorian Calendars results from an alternate calculation in determining the date of the Annunciation. Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopic calendar has 12 months of 30 days plus 5 or 6 epagomenal days, which comprise a thirteenth month. The Ethiopian months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar, but their names are in Ge'ez. The 6th epagomenal day is added every 4 years, without exception, on August 29 of the Julian calendar, 6 months before the corresponding Julian leap day. Thus the first day of the Ethiopian year, 1 Mäskäräm, for years between 1900 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually September 11 (Gregorian). It, however, falls on September 12 in years before the Gregorian leap year. In the Gregorian Calendar Year 2015; the Ethiopian Calendar Year 2008 began on the 12th September (rather than the 11th of September) on account of this additional epagomenal day occurring every 4 years. Contents 1 New Year's Day 2 Eras 2.1 Era of Martyrs 2.2 Anno Mundi according to Panodoros 2.3 Anno Mundi according to Anianos 3 Leap year cycle 4 Months 5 References 6 Sources 7 External links New Year's Day Enkutatash is the word for the Ethiopian New Year in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia, while it is called Ri'se Awde Amet ("Head Anniversary") in Ge'ez, the term preferred by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. -
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses provides one of the most comprehensive listings and descriptions of Egyptian deities. Now in its second edition, it contains: ● A new introduction ● Updated entries and four new entries on deities ● Names of the deities as hieroglyphs ● A survey of gods and goddesses as they appear in Classical literature ● An expanded chronology and updated bibliography ● Illustrations of the gods and emblems of each district ● A map of ancient Egypt and a Time Chart. Presenting a vivid picture of the complexity and richness of imagery of Egyptian mythology, students studying Ancient Egypt, travellers, visitors to museums and all those interested in mythology will find this an invaluable resource. George Hart was staff lecturer and educator on the Ancient Egyptian collections in the Education Department of the British Museum. He is now a freelance lecturer and writer. You may also be interested in the following Routledge Student Reference titles: Archaeology: The Key Concepts Edited by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn Ancient History: Key Themes and Approaches Neville Morley Fifty Key Classical Authors Alison Sharrock and Rhiannon Ash Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Allen Kendall Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses George Hart Second edition First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. -
Ewa Wipszycka Resources and Economic Activities of the Egyptian Monastic Communities (4Th-8Th Century)
Ewa Wipszycka Resources and economic activities of the Egyptian monastic communities (4th-8th century) The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 41, 159-263 2011 159_263 Wipszycka po kor_OK_105 str.qct:009-020 DERDA 8/28/12 9:44 PM Page 159 The Journal of Juristic Papyrology vol. xli (2011), pp. 159–263 Ewa Wipszycka RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE EGYPTIAN MONASTIC COMMUNITIES (4TH–8TH CENTURY)* his is not my first article with terms ‘monastic communities’ and 1 T‘economy’ in the title. Therefore, I should begin with an explanation of the scope of this text to give the reader an idea of its content. It focus- es on aspects of monastic economy that I have not yet discussed in detail. Lengthy passages concern the baking of bread in monasteries and her- mitages, as well as pottery production. I devoted a lot of space to the sub- * Abbreviations: The apophthegms in alphabetical order (those of the so-called Alphabetikon or Geron- tikon) are cited as follows: after the name of the monk to which the tradition attributes the given apophthegm I give two numbers: the first one is the number in the group of apophthegms in which that monk is the central figure and the second one (in paren theses) is the number of the apophthegm in the whole collection (e.g. Antony 1[1]). Edition of the alphabetical collection: J. B. Cotelerius (1677), reprint in Patrologia Graeca 65 (71–440); English translation I used: Benedicta Ward, The Sayings of the Desert Fathers. The Alphabet- ical Collection, Kalamazoo 1975. o B - Vita Bohairica – edition: L. -
The Pleiades: the Celestial Herd of Ancient Timekeepers
The Pleiades: the celestial herd of ancient timekeepers. Amelia Sparavigna Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, Italy Abstract In the ancient Egypt seven goddesses, represented by seven cows, composed the celestial herd that provides the nourishment to her worshippers. This herd is observed in the sky as a group of stars, the Pleiades, close to Aldebaran, the main star in the Taurus constellation. For many ancient populations, Pleiades were relevant stars and their rising was marked as a special time of the year. In this paper, we will discuss the presence of these stars in ancient cultures. Moreover, we will report some results of archeoastronomy on the role for timekeeping of these stars, results which show that for hunter-gatherers at Palaeolithic times, they were linked to the seasonal cycles of aurochs. 1. Introduction Archeoastronomy studies astronomical practices and related mythologies of the ancient cultures, to understand how past peoples observed and used the celestial phenomena and what was the role played by the sky in their cultures. This discipline is then a branch of the cultural astronomy, an interdisciplinary field that relates astronomical phenomena to current and ancient cultures. It must then be distinguished from the history of astronomy, because astronomy is a culturally specific concept and ancient peoples may have been related to the sky in different way [1,2]. Archeoastronomy is considered as a quite new interdisciplinary science, rooted in the Stonehenge studies of 1960s by the astronomer Gerald Hawkins, who tested Stonehenge alignments by computer, and concluded that these stones marked key dates in the megalithic calendar [3]. -
The Life and Times of Akhnaton, Pharaoh of Egypt
L.CO CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DT 87.4.W41 1922a times of Life and ,*,!^|^,?,?.|,9|j|| 3 1924 028 678 260 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028678260 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF AKHNATON BY THE SAME AUTHOR Tutankhamen and other essays. The Glory of the Pharaohs. The Life and Times of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. A Report on the Antiquities of Lower Nubia. A Catalogue of the Weights and Balances in the Cairo Museum. A Guide to the Antiquities of Upper Egypt. Travels in the Upper Egyptian Deserts. A History of Egypt from 1798 to 1914. Madeline of the Desert. The Dweller in the Desert. Bedouin Love. THE LIFE AND TIMES OF AKHNATON Pharaoh of Egypt ARTHUR WEIGALL Late Inspector General of Antiquities, Egyptian Government, and Member of the Catalogue Staff of the Cairo Museum ; Officer of the Order of the MedjidieK " Ye ask who are those that draw us to the Kingdom if the Kingdom is in Heaven ? The fowls of the air, and all the beasts that are under the earth or upon the earth, and the fishes of the sea, these are they which draw you,, and the Kingdom of Heaven is within you." —Grenfell and Hunt; Oxyrhynchus Papyri, iv. 6. NEW AND REVISED EDITION THORNTON BUTTERWORTH LIMITED 15 BEDFORD STREET, LONDON, W.C. 2 JJa 3~r v/4-1 First Edition published - - 1910 Second Edition . -
Coptic Literature in Context (4Th-13Th Cent.): Cultural Landscape, Literary Production, and Manuscript Archaeology
PAST – Percorsi, Strumenti e Temi di Archeologia Direzione della collana Carlo Citter (Siena) Massimiliano David (Bologna) Donatella Nuzzo (Bari) Maria Carla Somma (Chieti) Francesca Romana Stasolla (Roma) Comitato scientifico Andrzej Buko (Varsavia) Neil Christie (Leichester) Francisca Feraudi-Gruénais (Heidelberg) Dale Kinney (New York) Mats Roslund (Lund) Miljenko Jurković (Zagabria) Anne Nissen (Paris) Askold Ivantchik (Mosca) This volume, which is one of the scientific outcomes of the ERC Advanced project ‘PAThs’ – ‘Tracking Papy- rus and Parchment Paths: An Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature. Literary Texts in their Geographical Context: Production, Copying, Usage, Dissemination and Storage’, has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme, grant no. 687567. I testi pubblicati nella collana sono soggetti a valutazione secondo la procedura del doppio blind referee In copertina: P. Mich. 5421 e una veduta di Karanis © Roma 2020, Edizioni Quasar di Severino Tognon S.r.l. via Ajaccio 41-43, 00198 Roma - tel 0685358444 email: [email protected] eISBN 978-88-5491-058-4 Coptic Literature in Context (4th-13th cent.): Cultural Landscape, Literary Production, and Manuscript Archaeology Proceedings of the Third Conference of the ERC Project “Tracking Papyrus and Parchment Paths: An Archaeological Atlas of Coptic Literature. Literary Texts in their Geographical Context (‘PAThs’)”. edited by Paola Buzi Edizioni Quasar Table of Contents Paola Buzi The Places of Coptic Literary Manuscripts: Real and Imaginary Landscapes. Theoretical Reflections in Guise of Introduction 7 Part I The Geography of Coptic Literature: Archaeological Contexts, Cultural Landscapes, Literary Texts, and Book Forms Jean-Luc Fournet Temples in Late Antique Egypt: Cultic Heritage between Ideology, Pragmatism, and Artistic Recycling 29 Tito Orlandi Localisation and Construction of Churches in Coptic Literature 51 Francesco Valerio Scribes and Scripts in the Library of the Monastery of the Archangel Michael at Phantoou. -
Transformation of a Goddess by David Sugimoto
Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 263 David T. Sugimoto (ed.) Transformation of a Goddess Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Publiziert mit freundlicher Unterstützung der PublicationSchweizerischen subsidized Akademie by theder SwissGeistes- Academy und Sozialwissenschaften of Humanities and Social Sciences InternetGesamtkatalog general aufcatalogue: Internet: Academic Press Fribourg: www.paulusedition.ch Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen: www.v-r.de Camera-readyText und Abbildungen text prepared wurden by vomMarcia Autor Bodenmann (University of Zurich). als formatierte PDF-Daten zur Verfügung gestellt. © 2014 by Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland © Vandenhoeck2014 by Academic & Ruprecht Press Fribourg Göttingen Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen ISBN: 978-3-7278-1748-9 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN:ISBN: 978-3-525-54388-7978-3-7278-1749-6 (Vandenhoeck(Academic Press & Ruprecht)Fribourg) ISSN:ISBN: 1015-1850978-3-525-54389-4 (Orb. biblicus (Vandenhoeck orient.) & Ruprecht) ISSN: 1015-1850 (Orb. biblicus orient.) Contents David T. Sugimoto Preface .................................................................................................... VII List of Contributors ................................................................................ X -
Early Dynastic Egypt
EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT Toby A.H.Wilkinson London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. © 1999 Toby A.H.Wilkinson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Wilkinson, Toby A.H. Early Dynastic Egypt/Toby A.H.Wilkinson p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.378) and index. 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C. I. Title DT85.W49 1999 932′.012–dc21 98–35836 CIP ISBN 0-203-02438-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20421-2 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-18633-1 (Print Edition) For Benjamin CONTENTS List of plates ix List of figures x Prologue xii Acknowledgements xvii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Egyptology and the Early Dynastic Period 2 2 Birth of a Nation State 23 3 Historical Outline 50 PART II THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORITY 4 Administration 92 5 Foreign Relations 127 6 Kingship 155 7 Royal Mortuary Architecture 198 8 Cults and -
The Contribution of Egyptian Doctor Imhotep to Medicine ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ Им
Бюллетень медицинских Интернет-конференций (ISSN 2224-6150) 2017. Том 7. № 6 983 ID: 2017-06-27-T-14557 Краткое сообщение Кантаева Х.Р., Бурлов А.И. The contribution of Egyptian doctor Imhotep to medicine ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава России, кафедра иностранных языков Научный руководитель: Ахбулова А.Г. Keywords: medicine, doctor, development, Imhotep, Egypt Imhotep - an outstanding ancient Egyptian architect of the period of the Old Kingdom, the supreme dignitary (chati) of Djoser - the first pharaoh of the III dynasty (2630-2611 BC). High priest of Ra in Heliopolis. The builder of the pyramid of Djoser - the first of the Egyptian pyramids. Beginning with the First Transitional Period, he was also considered a poet and thinker. Later, he was deified and revered as a god of healing. Imhotep is considered the world's first known universal person, architect, engineer and scientist, and sometimes also the first doctor (although approximately the same time lived two other doctors, Merit-Ptah and Hesi-Ra). Biography Imhotep's high position at the court of the king is described on the basis of the statue of Joser, where after the titles of the pharaoh the titles of his first adviser are followed: "the keeper of the treasure of the king of Lower Egypt, the first after the king in Upper Egypt, the ruler of the grand palace, the chief priest of Heliopolis, Imhotep, builder, architect, Sculptor of stone vases. " Little is known about its origin, but judging by the epigraphic data of the architect Khnumibra from Wadi Hammamat (between 495 and 491 years BC), in which Imhotep was named the son of "Kanerefer, the chief of the Upper and Lower Egypt", he was a descendant From the priestly or bureaucratic clan. -
Martyrs and Archangels
Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity Herausgeber /Editors Christoph Markschies (Berlin) · Martin Wallraff (München) Christian Wildberg (Princeton) Beirat /Advisory Board Peter Brown (Princeton) · Susanna Elm (Berkeley) Johannes Hahn (Münster) · Emanuela Prinzivalli (Rom) Jörg Rüpke (Erfurt) 116 Martyrs and Archangels Coptic Literary Texts from the Pierpont Morgan Library Edited by Matthias Müller and Sami Uljas Mohr Siebeck Matthias Müller , born 1971; 2003 graduated from Göttingen; since 2004 researcher at the De - partment Altertumswissenschaften at the University of Basel. Sami Uljas , born 1974; 2005 PhD in Egyptology from the University of Liverpool; currently Se - nior Lecturer in Egyptology at the University of Uppsala, Sweden. ISBN 978-3-16-156994-4 / eISBN 978-3-16-156995-1 DOI 10.1628 / 978-3-16-156995-1 ISSN 1436-3003 / eISSN 2568-7433 (Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra - phie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de . © 2019 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproduc - tions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen and bound by Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. This book is dedicated to Werner Widmer/Zürich (1940–2014) & Hartmut Raguse/Basel Preface The volume at hand contains a publication of the following three hither- to unedited Coptic literary works preserved on manuscripts currently in the collections of the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York: I. -
A Dynamic and Living Figure by Ashley
Images of the Mother: A Dynamic and Living Figure Item Type Electronic Thesis; text Authors Milne, Ashley Marie Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 11:54:12 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144846 IMAGES OF THE MOTHER: A DYNAMIC AND LIVING FIGURE BY ASHLEY MARIE MILNE A Thesis Submitted to The Honors College In Partial Fulfillment of the Bachelors Degree With Honors in Religious Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA MAY 20 1 1 Approved by: Dr. Donna Swaim Department of Religious Studies The University of Arizona Electronic Theses and Dissertations Reproduction and Distribution Rights Form Name (Last, First, Middle) Wi\w, As~kqwlwk Degree title (eg BAYBS, BSE, ~d,BFA): &A Honors area (eg Molecular and Cellular Biology, English, Studio Art): f&,\ i 3 Smd u Date thesis submitted to Honors College: 4 I II Title of Honors thesis: es op -&t mouw: ,4 byand lm6"3 C\V(.hGJ Fl(jM6 :The University of I hereby grant to the University of Arizona Library the nonexclusive Arizona Library Release worldwide right to reproduce and distribute my dissertation or thesis and abstract (herein, the "licensed materials"), in whole or in part, in any and all media of distribution and in any format in existence now or developed in the future. -
Frescoes of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, Evangelists, Prophets
SACRED SIGHTS Frescoes of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, evangelists, prophets, and angels adorn the walls of the church of the Red Monastery, built in the late fifth century A.D. as part of the flowering of Coptic culture in Egypt. PEDRO COSTA GOMES COPTIC CHRISTIANITY IN ANCIENT EGYPT Christianity’s origins in the ancient world are found in many places, but perhaps the most surprising are in Egypt, where the new faith took root and flourished shortly after the death of Jesus. JOSÉ PÉREZ-ACCINO SAFETY IN EGYPT In this detail of a 13th-century Coptic manuscript, the Flight into Egypt (top right) is depicted. This episode is of particular importance to Copts, who revere the places in Egypt where they believe the Holy Family wandered. AKG/ALBUM gypt, land of the pyramids, is the set- who wanted to kill the child.The family stays in ting for many of the best known tales Egypt until the danger has passed. fromtheOldTestament.ThroughMo- In addition to its important place in Scripture, ses, God punishes the Egyptian pha- Egypt was a fertile garden in the early flowering E A.D. raoh for holding the Hebrew people in of Christianity.From the first century ,as the bondage.Betrayed by his brothers,young Joseph faith took root and began to grow,Egypt became suffers in slavery in Egypt before rising to be- an important religious center, as theologians come vizier, second in power only to Pharaoh. and scholars flocked there.Egyptian Christian- When turning to the New Testament, ity developed its own distinctive flavor,shaped many people think of the lands of Israel by the words, culture, and history of ancient and Palestine, the places where Jesus was Egypt.