Quick viewing(Text Mode)

Tall Buildings in Numbers

Tall Buildings in Numbers

Tall Buildings in Numbers

A Look at Occupiable Telecommunication & Observation

With the recent completion of two megatall telecommunication/observation towers – Canton in 2010 and Tree earlier this year – it is time to review these structures and explain why they are distinguished from buildings in the Council’s official tallest lists (found at www.skyscrapercenter.com).

To be considered a “building” a project must achieve three milestones: 1) it must be complete, 2) it must be freestanding and, 3) at least 50% of its height must be occubiable 1 space. While projects like and Tokyo Sky Tree are indeed complete, free standing and partially occupiable – making them distinct from many of the world’s other telecommunication structures – less than 50% of their height is occupiable and thus the projects cannot be considered “buildings.” The following is a study of the world's “supertall” (300 m+) occupiable telecommunication & observation towers (referred to as “occupiable T&O towers” in the study) – some 36 of which now exist in 23 countries around the globe. 

Notes: 1 “Occupiable” refers to Occupiable T&O Towers conditioned space which is The world’s 10 tallest occupiable Telecommunication and 2 designed to be safely and legally Observation (T&O) towers according to “Height to Tip” occupied by residents, workers or 1 are displayed below, with a highlight showing the other building users on a Tokyo Sky Tree location of occupiable space. In the background are the 634 m/2,080 ft consistent basis. It does not Tokyo, 2012 2 world’s 10 tallest buildings, for comparison. include service or mechanical Canton Tower areas which experience 600 m/1,969 ft occasional maintenance access. , 2010 3 CN Tower 2 “Height to Tip” is measured from 553 m/1,815 ft 4 the level of the lowest, significant, , 1976 Ostankino Tower open-air, pedestrian entrance to 540 m/1,772 ft the highest point of the building, , 1967 5 irrespective of material or Oriental Pearl function of the highest element. Tower 468 m/1,535 ft 6 , 1995 7 See all official definitions and criteria 435 m/1,427 ft Menara Kuala 8 at http://criteria.ctbuh.org 459 m Tehran, 2008 Lumpur Tianjin 450 m 2 1,507 ft 447 m 420 m/1,379 ft 9 1,476 ft & TV Tower Henan Province 4 5 1,467 ft Kuala Lumpur, 1996 10 415 m/1,362 ft Radio & TV Tower Central Radio Tianjin, 1991 388 m/1,273 ft & TV Tower Zhengzhou, 2011 387 m/1,268 ft Beijing, 1992

350 m 337 m 1,148 ft Tallest Observatory 1,106 ft Three of the world’s 10 high-

est public observatories are 293 m 961 ft 276 m located in occupiable T&O 906 ft towers: 450 m 253 m 1,476 ft 830 ft 248 m 1 Shanghai WFC, 474 m / 1,555 ft 814 ft 2 Canton Tower, 459 m / 1,507 ft 3 , 452 m / 1,483 ft 4 , 450 m / 1,476 ft 5 CN Tower, 447 m / 1,467 ft 6 Kingkey 100, 427 m / 1,401 ft 7 Guangzhou IFC, 415 m / 1,362 ft 8 , 413 m / 1,354 ft 9 , 392 m / 1,285 ft 10 ICC, 388 m / 1,272 ft

10 60 Until 2007, there 10 ,60 with 10 The 600m Canton Tower 50 were more supertall 8 supertall occupiable contains 37 floors and a 40 telecommunication/ 36 gross floor area of 114,000 occupiable 6 telecommunication/ observation30 towers, has m². In contrast, the 632m 4 23 observation towers five times20 more of these Shanghai Tower (a building) 2 2 22 12 2 than supertall structures10 than any will have 121 floors and a

buildings in the world. 0 other country.0 GFA of over 500,000 m². China Japan India Rusia No. of Countries No. of Countries buildings with towers with buildings towers

38 | Tall Buildings in Numbers CTBUH Journal | 2012 Issue II Supertall (300m+) Occupiable T&O Towers (36 No.)

Asia North America Middle East Oceania What’s the Difference? To be officially recognized as a “building” or an “occupiable telecommunication/,” a proj- No Building Name City m ft 1 Tokyo Sky Tree Tokyo 634 2080 ect must meet a number of criteria. Four categories of structures are displayed and described below. 2 Canton Tower Guangzhou 600 1969 3 CN Tower Toronto 553 1814 Occupiable Freestanding Cable-Stayed 4 Ostankino Tower Moscow 540 1772 Tall Building 5 Oriental Pearl Television Tower Shanghai 468 1535 Freestanding Structure Structure Structure 6 Milad Tower Tehran 435 1427 7 Menara Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur 420 1378 8 Tianjin Radio & TV Tower Tianjin 415 1362 9 Henan Province Radio & Television Tower Zhengzhou 388 1273 10 Central Radio & TV Tower Beijing 387 1270 11 Kiev TV Tower Kiev 385 1263 12 Tower Tashkent 375 1230 13 Liberation Tower Kuwait City 372 1220 14 Alma-Ata Tower Almaty 371 1217 15 Berliner Fernsehturm 368 1207 15 TV Tower Riga 368 1207 17 Stratosphere Tower 350 1148 18 Chengdu 339 1112 Shanghai Tower Tokyo Sky Tree WITI TV Tower KVLY-TV Tower 19 Tower Macau 338 1109 632 m/2,073 ft 634 m/2,080 ft 329 m/1,078 ft 629 m/2,063 ft 20 am Main 337 1106 Shanghai, 2014 Tokyo, 2012 Milwaukee, USA, 1962 Blanchard, USA, 1963 21 336 1102 22 Tokyo 333 1093 23 Emley Moor National Telecommunications Transmitter Huddersfield 329 1079 24 328 1076 25 Vilnius TV Tower Vilnius 326 1070 26 Yerevan TV Tower Yerevan 312 1024 26 TV Tower Tallinn 312 1024 28 Azeri TV Tower Baku 310 1017 28 Nanjing TV Tower Nanjing 310 1017 28 St. Petersburg TV Tower St. Petersburg 310 1017 31 Liaoning TV Tower Shenyang 306 1004 32 Tower Sydney 305 1001 =33 Jaisalmer TV Tower Jaisalmer 300 984 =33 Samatra TV Tower Bhuj 300 984 Free Standing Free Standing Free Standing Free Standing Contains occupiable space Contains occupiable space Contains occupiable space Contains occupiable space =33 VRT Toren St Pieters-Leeuw 300 984 >50% of height occupiable >50% of height occupiable >50% of height occupiable >50% of height occupiable =33 300 984

Location and History of Supertall Occupiable Telecommunication/Observation Towers

Australia: 1 N. Zealand: 1 Kuwait: 1 Iran: 1 Oceania United States.: 1 Middle 2 East (5%) Canada: 1 2 (5%) North 700 : 1 America 2 (5%) 2012: Tokyo Sky Tree Belgium: 1 2010: Canton Tower : 1 Lithuania: 1 Asia China: 10 600 19 (53%) 1976: CN Tower completes 1967: Ostankino Tower U.K.: 1 Europe 11 (31%) Japan: 2 2007: number of supertall : 1 buildings surpasses number of supertall towers Ukraine: 1 India: 2 500 1995: Oriental Pearl Television Tower 1974: Kiev TV Tower Germany: 2 Malaysia: 1

Height in Meters : 1 Rusia: 2 Kazakhstan: 1 1969: Berliner Fernsehturm Azerbaijan: 1 Armenia: 1 400 1958: Tokyo Tower

1889: Paris completes the Eiffel Tower, first man-made supertall structure

300 Year of Completion 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2012

10 60 10 60 The Eiffel Tower While the world’s Until the completion of the 50 became8 the world’s 60 current supertall Burj Khalifa (2010), the KVLY- 40 36 first6 supertall structure buildings are located TV Tower (1963), a cable- 30 in just 12 countries, the stayed telecommunications in 1889.4 It remained 23 20 36 supertall occupiable tower in North Dakota, was one of the tallest2 2 2210 12 2 structures in the world 10 T&O towers are spread the world’s tallest man- 0 0 China Japan India Rusia Germany No. of Countries No. of Countries through 23 countries. made structure. until 1974. buildings with towers with buildings towers

CTBUH Journal | 2012 Issue II Tall Buildings in Numbers | 39

Top View