June 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14613 silver certificates in 4 years instead of The motion was agreed to; and (at Robert 0. Doyle, of Georgia, to be U.S. 15 years. 6 o'clock and 12 minutes p.m.) the Sen­ marshaJ for the middle district of Georgia for the term of 4 years. Mr. President, I cannot under any ate adjourned, under the order previ­ Ellis Maylett, of Utah, to be U.S. marshal circumstances support S. 2080 without ously entered, until tomorrow, Thursday, for the district of Utah for the term of 4 amendments. I did not support the re­ June 24, 1965, at 10 o'clock a.m. years. peal of the Silver Purchase Act, because Cato Ellis, of Tennessee, to be U.S. marshal no amendments were accepted and if this for the western district of Tennessee for the body takes the present bill as reported NOMINATIONS term of 4 years. by the committee, it will not have my Executive nominations received by Fred F. Hoh, of Ohio, to be U.S. marshal support. the Senate June 23, 1965: for the southern district of Ohio for the term of 4 years. I will not be a party to debasing our FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY R. Ben Hosler, of Ohio, to be U.S. marshal coinage for the purpose of supplying any Gen. William F. McKee, U.S. Air Force, re­ for the northern district of Ohio for the private industry with our valuable silver tired, of Virginia, to be Administrator of the term of 4 years. bullion. Federal Aviation Agency. Anton T. Skoro, of Idaho, to be U.S. mar­ I have several amendments which I David D. Thomas, of Virginia, to be shal for the district of Idaho for the term of will offer to the present bill. I am hope­ Deputy Administrator of -the Federal Avia­ 4 years. ful that this body will not again adopt tion Agency. Wesley H. Petrie, of Hawaii, to be U.S. NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD marshal for the district of Hawaii for the standby legislation, which, in my mind, term of 4 years. will do no more than satisfy the needs of Francis A. O'Neill, ·Jr., of New York, to be Elmer W. Disspayne, of Tennessee, to be our silver users for a very short time be­ a member of the National Mediation Board U.S. marshal for the middle district of Ten­ for the term expiring July 1, 1968. (Reap­ nessee for the term of 4 years. fore the day of reckoning. The price pointment.) of silver will have to move upward if we William J. Andrews, of Georgia, to be U.S. are to expect increases in production. marshal for the northern district of Georgia More important, as I stated, I will not CONFIRMATIONS for the term of 4 years. be a party to taking the silver out of our u.s. COAST GUARD Executive nominations confirmed by The following-named persons to the rank coinage system. I will support an the Senate June 23, 1965: amendment calling for a reduction in indicated in the U.S. Coast Guard: the silver content of all of our silver coins DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE To be lieutenants and I hope others of this distinguished Donald Frank Turner, of Massachusetts, to Marcus J. Wallace, Jr. body will approve such an amendment. be an Assistant Attorney General. Clayton D. Morrison John H. Reddy, of Tennessee, to be U.S. William H. Tydings attorney for the eastern district of Ten­ nessee for the term of 4 years. To be lieutenants (junior grade) ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. Floyd M. Buford, of Georgia, to be U.S. Alfred T. Wilcox Donald P. Billings attorney for the middle district of Georgia John T. Keating Charles W. Judge TOMORROW for the term of 4 years. · Hugh A. Dayton Robert D. Weddell Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, in ac­ Carl W. Feickert, of illinois, to be U.S. Edward L. Weilbacher Donald J. Strathern cordance with the previous order, I move attorney for the eastern district of illinois Roger R. Roznoski Jack W. Wroton that the Senate adjourn until 10 o'clock for the term of 4 years. Richard R. Bock Dennis R. Kay tomorrow morning. Milton J. Ferguson, of West Virginia, to Alfred W. Harrell Milford G. Gillam, Jr. be U.S. attorney for the southern district James L. Van Horn David A. Meadows The PRESIDING OFFICER

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Weston Instruments Wins Defense the objectives of the Defense Manpower 1,400. General Manager Warnken says that Policy which was designed to channel as the contract, for 1,500 practice bombs for the Contract much defense work as possible into areas Air Force, will provide enough work to main­ having labor surpluses. And while Weston tain this force. is not a small business, it operates in an area Congressman McDADE, who announced the EXTENSION OF REMARKS in which there is a high rate of surplus labor. contract award, deserves credit for. having OF It took several weeks but the Defense De­ fought the original Defense Department rul­ partment gave favorable consideration to the ing that the Archbald plant was not eligible HON. ROBERT J. CORBETT Congressman's plea and on April 28 reversed because it was not a small business. The OF PENNSYLVANIA the limited bidding rule in this case. The Congressman argued that Pentagon policy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new bids, including Weston's, were opened calls for funneling defense contracts into last week at Washington, followed by the areas with a labor surplus and that under Wednesday, June 23, 1965 contract award Monday to Weston. this policy Weston should be allowed to bid. Mr. CORBETT. Mr. Speaker, on By virtue of the new contract, the local Congressman McDADE's argument produced June 9 the following editorial appeared plant will be able to continue for some time a decision by the Department to advertise its present fine employment total of some for new bids without any restrictions on the in the Scranton Tribune: 1,400 workers from the region. size of the companies bidding. · The receipt KEEPING LOCAL PLANT BUSY That these workers are highly skilled for of the contract by Weston is due largely to Congressman JosEPH M. McDADE is ·to be this type of work is seen in the fact that the the Congressman's insistence. commended for his part in paving the way practice bombs are intricate pieces of equip­ Both of these newspapers, Mr. Speak­ for Weston Instruments, Inc., Archbald, to ment. They are designed to simulate the bid on a sizable defense order. action of real bombs when dropped from air­ er, reflect the continuing concern of our Through the intervention and convincing planes. colleague, Congressman JosEPH M. Mc­ arguments advanced by the Congressman, DADE, with the problem of unemployment Weston not only was permitted to offer a Two days later, on June 11, the follow­ in northeastern Pennsylvania. bid but was succesful in obtaining the $1.2 ing editorial appeared in the Scranton Two and a half years ago, when he million contract for the production of some Tinies: came to Congress, my colleague from the 1,498 practice bombs for the use of the U.S. NEW CONTRACT FOR WESTON lOth District of Pennsylvania was faced Air Force trainees. The announcement that Weston Instru­ with an unemployment rate of approxi­ When the Air Force originally asked for ments, Inc.-popularly known here as Day­ bids in a U.S. Department of Commerce mately 14 percent in his district. strom-has received a $1.2 million contract Today, that rate of unemployment has publication, McDADE found that it was lim­ from the Air Force was accompanied by the iting them to small businesses. disclosure that the company has added been cut nearly in half; and no one has The Congressman was quick to explain nearly 400 employees to its payroll since the worked harder to fight unemployment that such a limitation would be contrary to first of the year, to bring the total to about and save jobs than JoE McDADE. 14614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 23, 1965 In April of this year, my colleague The sum total of the gambling situa­ Cuba, in Brazil, and most recently in the came to grips with a situation which tion in California is this-the Federal Dominican Republic. And all of this over would have prohibited a company in his Government and the California State the brief span of 20 years. The contrast between the world of today district from bidding on an Air Force government, by refusing to recognize and the world of yesterday reminds me of a contract--even though that company and regulate gambling, have left it wide cartoon that appeared many years ago in was currently producing the very item open for mob operation. The syndicates the New Yorker. Two businessmen were the Air Force needed. As a result of have been happly to fill the vacuum left slouched in overstuffed chairs in their club­ Congressman McDADE's intervention, the by the blue-nosed governments, and by room, reminiscing about the past. And one company was permitted to bid, ended up these gambling operations, they have de­ of them was saying to the other, "Remember as low bidder, and so guaranteed con­ rived profits that now support every­ the good old days when we had nothing to fear but fear itself." tinued employment at Weston Instru­ thing from ho:usewife prostitution to nar­ This joke would perhaps be funnier if ments. cotics rings. there were not so much truth to it. This is only one instance of the work To me, the answer is simple, both in The war we are fighting today is infinitely of my colleague in this field, and I could gang-paradise California and in the more complex, infinitely more trying, than name many more. I call this particular Nation as a whole. We need Govern­ the wars we have had to fight in the past. one to the attention of my colleagues in ment controlled and regulated gambling. It is a war in which there is no declaration the Congress to show them how the dedi­ We need a national lottery and a series of war, no clearly defined line of battle, and, of State lotteries. I am afraid, no durable diplomatic solution cation of one man can affect the lives of on the horizon. so many people. It is a world war in which our survival and the survival of all free nations is at stake. It is a war made up of many minor wars. Honor for Senator Dodd At this very moment, for example: Federal Government and California American boys are fighting and dying in EXTENSION OF REMARKS Vietnam. Partners in Crime and Vice The Communist and anti-Communist OF forces are locked in battle in Laos. EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE The Government of Burma is having great OF difficulty of coping with Communist insur­ OF OHIO gents who control important parts of the HON. PAUL A. FINO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country. Indonesia, which must now be considered OF NEW YORK Wednesday, June 23, 1965 a quasi-Communist state, has mounted its IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, I am so-called confrontation, which is just plain Wednesday, June 23, 1965 pleased to offer for the RECORD, the fine aggression, against Malaysia and is sending guerrillas in a steady stream into Malaya Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, I would like remarks of our colleague, Senator and Sarawak and BruneL today to bring to the attention of the THOMAs J. Donn, of Connecticut, on the The Congo Government is still busy at­ Members of this House the unfortunate occasion of his receiving the Ricken­ tempting to mop up the remnants of the partnership of the Federal Government backer Award in Columbus, Ohio, on Communist insurrection which a year ago and the State of California in keeping June 18, 1965. threatened a complete takeover. gambling lllegal and thus lucrative for Senator Donn's remarks follow: In the Dominican Republic only President REMIARKS BY SENATOR THOMAS J. DODD ON RE­ Johnson's resolute intervention prevented the mob. The combined ignorance of the emergence of a second Castro regime in California and the Federal Government CEIVING RICKENBACKER AWARD, COLUMBUS, OHIO, JUNE 18, 1965 the Americas--and even as I speak here is deadly-deadly for the Californians American boys. are fighting and dying in the shot by gunmen hired with mob gam­ I am more honored than I can tell you by effort to restore peace in this unhappy island this awa.rd, which you have seen fit to confer Armed Communist bands are active in bling profits, deadly for the Californians on me. tortured and killed by dope from dope Venezuela, in Guatemala, in Chile, and in I am honored in the first place because the other Latin American countries. syndicates financed with mob gambling many distinguished citizens of your State It would be a fatal mistake to look upon profits. The lethal negligent partner­ who serve on your selection committee ap­ these many crises as localized problems to ship in crime of the two governments parently felt that my record in Congress be dealt with by localized means, because is only something less fatal for house­ merits this signal recognition. what is involved here is a coordinated, world­ wives driven into prostitution by gam­ But I am honored above all because Eddie wide assault on the free nations of every bling debts owed the syndicates. The Rickenbacker has been a personal hero of continent by the forces of international com­ backlash of lllegal gambling profits is a mine for many, many years, and because I munism. believe that he has, in his personal life, ex­ The Communists have developed the con­ fantastic menace to society, yet the Cali­ emplified the best in the American tradition. cept of "the long war." Because they are fornia and Federal governments con­ Eddie Rickenbacker has been a patriot in fanatics, because they are convinced that tinue to keep gambling lllegal and in­ the purest and most positive sense of the history is on their side, 10 years or 20 years, effectively regulated. word-not a jingo, not an imperialist, not a or more, mean nothing to them. After all, Gambling is big business in California. flag-waver as some of our professed patriots it took the Chinese Communists more than The Golden State is a gangster's paradise are, but a man whose whole life has been 20 years to conquer China. And, because of and presumably a grafter's paradise. lived in the spirit of liberty which inspired this pecullar brand of fanaticism, human The parimutual turnover in California our Founding Fathers, a man who is the life means absolutely nothing to them either. personification of the genius and enterprise They are confident that free peoples do in 1964 was a shade less than $600 mil­ which have from the first wedded progress not have the staying power to compete With lion. Far more important is California's to freedom in our country, a man who has them in this kind of war, and that, if they vast share of the national illegal gam­ served his country in a thousand acts of keep up their attacks without cessation, they bling total. The off-track betting na­ dedication, a man who may justly be held will ultimately succeed in so confusing and tional total was pegged at $50 billion a up as a figure for the youth of America to dividing the free world and in so eroding year by testimony before the McClellan emulate. the will to resist, that the still-free countries Commission and additional testimony The qualities which Eddie Rickenbacker will, one by one, tumble into their laps, like possesses in such rich measure are qualities so many overripe plums. which set off-track betting at 42 percent which our country must display if we are to This concept is now being applied on a of the illegal gambling total leads to a survive as a free nation. worldwide scale. national illegal gambling figure of about For we live in a time that will try the I wish that I could be more opttmistic $120 billion. Caifornia's share of this fig­ soul of the bravest and strongest men. about the future. But, as I see '~;he situa­ ure on a population basis would come to In years gone by, world crises occurred at tion, we can expect no change in the pn.ttern more than $11 billion. The mob keeps lnlrequent intervals and wars at still more of Communist aggression over the coming about 10 percent of this turnover. This infrequent intervals. But, since the close decades. On the contrary, the chances are 10 percent pays for a lot of high living of World War II, the Communist conspiracy that we will be confronted with crisis after has confronted us with crisis after crisis and crisis, and With one so-called "war of na­ and fast killing-and slow killing. A aggression after aggression. tional liberation" after another in such rapid portion of it goes for graft and protec­ We have had crises in China., in Korea, in sequence that there will be no respite from tion-and I feel sure that it is safe to say Vietnam, in Laos, on the Indian frontier; crises and wars on the Vietnam model. that graft is a multimillion-dollar indus­ in Greece, in Lebanon, in the Congo, at Suez; There is only one way in which we can try in California. in Berlin and in Hungary; in Guatemala, in meet this Communist assault. We must - J June 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14615 stand up to it, as we did in Korea and as of aggression and subversion will be com­ In fact, Mr. Speaker, nothing would we are today attempting to do in Vietnam promised by their many failures and that the make me happier than to have the first and in Laos and in the Dominican Republic. more moderate elements who unquestionably be But above all, the situation calls for under­ exist in both Moscow and Peiping will come men on the moon to Americans who standing and confidence in the justness of to the fore. arrived via rockets made in New Orleans, our cause. I raise this point because I have That is why I say that if America is to sur.­ and who stepped off humming "Welcome been deeply troubled by the manifestation vive, we must all seek to imbue ourselves Home, Space Trav'ler"-with a Bourbon of a kind of "moral neutralism" between with the spirit and patriotism and courage Street beat. freedom and communism at every level of of an Eddie Rickenbacker. our society. I find this "moral neutralism" A hero with a great gift of rhetoric, Eddie for lack of a better expression, reflected in Rickenbacker, has given us a philosophy for our press coverage in Vietnam, in the situa­ our time in these words: tion on some of our campuses, and even "Our generation exists in a period of ter­ National Foundation on the Arts and the in the ranks of Congress. rible peril. We must not be afraid. Life is Humanities The philosophy of the "moral neutralists" sweet, yes, but as a great people let us not has, perhaps, been articulated most clearly value it above principle, for Christianity and by the Chairman of the Foreign Relations morality are entwined. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Committee in a speech which he made on "If we Americans falter now; if we cringe OF Tuesday of this week in the Senate. Appeal­ in fear before the threat of a nuclear war; if ing for "major concessions" on both sides in we soften and appease, and try to moll1fy the HON. CARLTON R. SICKLES Vietnam, the Senator from Arkansas told us most evil force ever to come upon this earth, OF MARYLAND that--and I quote: "It is a mark of both then the people of all the world shall sink IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES greatness and maturity when a nation like into a slavery, far worse than death. Again, the United States, without abandoning its I repeat, we must not be afraid, for a nation Wednesday, June 23, 1965 convictions and commitments, is capable at afraid is already dead. Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, it was the same time of acknowledging that there "Therefore, let us have a rebirth of patriot­ may be some merit and even good intent in ism for our Declaration of Independence and recently my honor to deliver an ad­ the views and aims of its adversaries." our Constitution; a rekindling of the spirit dress, prepared by Congressman FRANK In replying to the chairman of the For­ of those two great freedom-giving mani­ THOMPSON, JR., concerning a National eign Relations Committee yesterday morn­ festoes in the hearts and minds of the Amer­ Foundation on the Arts and the Human­ ing on the floor of the Senate, I said that I ican people--both young and old." ities, to a luncheon of the Joint National had never been prepared to concede any To receive an award that bears the name Conference of the American Symphony merit to the Nazi regime because, whatever of a man such as this is indeed an honor to Orchestra League and Arts Councils of its minor social accomplishments, it was evil cherish. by every moral criterion that mattered. America. And I am not prepared to concede any So that my colleagues may have the merit, or even the possibility of merit, to the benefit of Mr. THOMPSON's remarks, the Communist system, which, whatever its Welcome Home, Space Trav'ler-With a text of the address follows: mechanical or ·statistical accomplishments, Bourbon Street Beat REMARKS OF HoN. FRANK THOMPSON, JR., BE­ have wiped out every vestige of human free­ FORE THE AMERICAN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA dom, persecuted all religions alike, and EXTENSION OF REMARKS LEAGUE LUNCHEON AS READ BY HON. CARL­ sought to convert its subjects into brain­ TON R. SICKLES washed robots. OF Your meeting here in Washington at this I can see no merit· in a regime which has particular time is very significant. inflicted more suffering and cost more hu­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT This week started with the White House man life than all the wars of this century OF LOUISIANA festival of arts, a first for this Nation. It combined. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reflected a growing national concern for the How can we possibly resist the worldwide state of the arts and the humanities. offensive of communism unless we are pre­ Wednesday, June 23, 1965 A 11 ttle more than a week ago the Senate pared to face up to the facts-unless we are approved the bill, S. 1483, to create a Na­ prepared to recognize that we are dealing Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, while the tional Foundation on the Arts and the Hu­ with an utterly ruthless, utterly amoral, to­ contributions of the city of New Orleans manities. It had been my hope and my plan tally ambitious enemy-and unless we are to America's heritage are legion, its most to report to you today that the House Com­ convinced of the justness of our cause? famous contribution is in the field of mittee on Education and Labor had cleared How can we possibly fight a war if the peo­ music. the companion bill, H.R. 6050, for action by ple on our side torment themselves with the House of Representatives. agnostic doubts about the rectitude of our Virtually anywhere a person may go on cause, expressing a bland preference for our the face of the earth, he will find some As you may have learned from the news way of life but nevertheless conceding that rendition of New Orleans' most famous m~dia, such action has been delayed as a re­ there may also be merit and good intent on export, Dixieland jazz. sult of matters which have no bearing on the Communist side? this particular piece of legislation. And, Mr. Speaker, now that Americans Despite this momentary delay, you are I may be wrong, but I have the distinct i.m­ are literally walking in space, I pre­ pression that one of the reasons why there meeting almost simultaneously with House is so much confusion on Vietnam in this dict that it will not be too many years committee action, for I intend to bring it up country is that much of the reporting and before celestial versions of the Bourbon for consideration at the next regularly sched­ writing has been done by people who share Street beat will be just as commonplace uled meeting of the committee on Thursday. some of this attitude of moral neutralism. as the earthly arrangements. We have the votes to report a bill, which Neutralism would be bad enough on the Therefore I find it most fitting to point will parallel the bill already approved by the part of spectators at a football game. But in out to my colleagues that a New Orleans Senate. my opinion it becomes a danger to our own The significance of these legislative ac­ security when members of the American song writer has already taken steps to tions, both recent and soon to be, and your press corps in Vietnam look upon it as their make this leap forward. meeting here is that American Symphony duty to adopt the posture of neutral ob­ The song writer, Gaston Olivier, has Orchestra League footprints are all over this servers in the deadly war that is now going composed a tuneful and topical musical bill. on in that country. item entitled "Welcome Home, Space It began in 1961, when a subcommittee of We must attempt to prove to the peoples Trav'ler." I have heard a recording of which I was the chairman conducted an of the Communist world-yes, and to the this, and I sincerely hope that my col­ investigation into the economic conditions of Communist leaders, too-that aggression and the performing arts. Your Mrs. Helen subversion do not pay off, that we are not leagues also soon will be hearing this Thompson was a witness. We were not con­ moral neutralists paralyzed by agnostic un­ Bourbon Street tribute to our astro­ sidering specific legislative proposals, nor certainty about the justness of our own be­ nauts. did she, at the time, make any specific liefs, that we have the will to resist the Com­ Since New Orleans is the home of the recommendations. munists and the means to resist them, and huge Michoud operations of the National Some of the possib111tes for assistance to that we have the patience and perseverance Aeronautics and Space Administration, the arts, and symphony orchestras in par­ and dedication to match their own. Mr. Olivier's song is all the more appro­ ticular, which she suggested as areas of If we can force the Communists back in priate. study included: southeast Asia as we forced them back in 1. Federal aid to education, which could Korea, if we can hold the line at other points Mr. Speaker, it is a pleasure to salute greatly expand the playing of concerts for against the many-pronged thrusts of Com­ Mr. Olivier's inspiration and to commend children and the use of that personnel for munist subversion, there is reason to hope his continuance of a long history of teaohing. This has been accomplished part­ that, with the passage of time, the advocates made-in-New Orleans music. ly through the elementary and secondary 14616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 23, 1965 education bill, enacted earlier, and through We know that ticket sales account for cosponsors. I am pleased that four mem­ the inclusion in H.R. 6050 of provisions to but 55 percent of the revenue to support bers of my subcommittee, Mr. O'HARA of. improve the teaching of the arts and hu­ your orchestras. We know that the deficit Michigan; Mr. CAREY, of New York; Mr. manities. is made up through campaigns for contribu­ SICKLES, of Maryland; and Mr. SCHEUER, of 2. The possibility of some Federal, State, tions as well as a variety of fundraising ac­ New York, are among the cosponsors. and local matching program on buildings. tivities, such as balls, bazaars, raflles, and The legislation still required careful re­ Again, in the elementary and secondary edu­ the like. finement, much of which is reflected in the cation program we provide for construction You know that it is becoming increasingly Senate approved bill. Briefly, it will provide of educational centers, designed to bring more difficult to raise that other 45 percent a foundation, which will have three seg­ to bear all of the cultural resources of a to keep your symphony orchestras going be­ ments. There will be an endowment for the given community, and, thanks to an amend­ cause you wrestle with the problem every arts, an endowment for the humanities, and ment sponsored by a member of my sub­ year. I know because you have told us about a Federal Council on the Arts and the Hu­ committee, so physically constructed as to your problem. I know also because I be­ manities. The Council will serve to coordi­ provide separate entrance to an auditorium came personally involved a few years ago nate the work of the two endoWments, rec­ so that it might be utilized for cultural ac­ in raising money to help our national sym­ ommend areas of joint support, and prevent tivities, including symphony concerts. As to phony out of a hole. overlapping with other Federal operating the bill primarily under discussion, H.R. 6050, These problems are not confined to the programs. the arts endowment would be authorized to orchestras in the smaller cities. The greatest Some concern has been expressed over the make grants for construction, as well as for of our orchestras have faced it. mechanics of screening and approving appli­ alterations and repairs. All grants under If the most successful of the performing cations. We now place authority for mak­ the arts endowment would be matching. arts--excluding the commercial theater-has ing grants in the hands of each endowment Finally, in the section of our present bill these financial woes, it stands to reason that chairman. He must, however, have the rec­ relating to labor standards, we are adding the others have even a greater struggle. ommendations of the Arts Council, already a proviso that whenever there is compliance You who operate and manage our sym­ in existence, and the Humanities Council with State safety and sanitary laws, this phony orchestras have these problems; your which will be created. shall be prima facie evidence of compliance musicians have great problems also. Most It is implicit in the legislation-and this with the Federal statute. This proviso has musicians have to moonlight. This is true will be carefully spelled out in the legislative been included directly at the suggestion of even of those who perform before the widest history-that each Council will form sub­ the American Symphony Orchestra League. audiences, such as those in our largest cities. committees and appoint panels of experts Of course, over the years since, we have Some are fortunate 1.n having .the oppor­ who will screen and evaluate applications. had testimony from official spokesmen for tunity to perform during the summer at their But-and this is consistent with sound pub­ your organization, as well as from individual trade, if you will. Those who can teach are lic administration of public funds-final re­ members thereof, and it has always been a;lso able to maintain their proficiency, per­ sponsibility to the Congress will rest with constructive. I should like to apologize haps to a lesser degree. the respective chairmen. once more to Mrs. Thompson for our inability But what of the musician who must clerk Each endowment may be funded with a to hear her in person this year. She was in a haberdashery; or drive a taxicab; or maximum of $5 million per year. Each en­ a scheduled witness before a joint hearing even draw unemployment ccimpensation? dowment may ask for up to an additional being conducted by the House and Senate The only thing that can be said for the latter . $5 million providing that each endowment subcommittees. Before we reached her, we situation is that it enables the musician to has received at least $5 million in gifts. were called to the floor for a roll call. Her have time to practice--providing he hasn't Limited sums are authorized from this addi­ testimony was made a part of the record hact to hock his instrument. tional money as grants to the States to sup­ and we all read it. As usual, it was very The current bill, when enacted-! repeat, port arts councils. For those States without constructive. Last year, because Mr. SICKLES, when enacted-and implemented, will not, of arts councils there is a one-time grant of of Maryland, is a member of our subcom­ course, underwrite every artistic endeavor. $25,000 for surveys and to encourage the mittee, and personally very interested in It will not even come close to underwriting formation of arts councils. this legislation, we had testimony from Mr. the deficit of symphony orchestras. We have tried to weigh all suggestions, William Boucher III, vice president of the It will, however, provide some seed money and meet all anticipated administrative Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Association. to stimulate additional support. That is its problems. We think we will have created a The record of the various symphony or­ primary thrust, to stimulate private support sound program. This is, admittedly, a new chestra associations is a proud one. Of all for and interest in all of the arts and hu­ field and experimental. We therefore au­ the arts, the symphony in America has gained manities, and to stimulate the States to show thorize funding for but 3 years. We do this the greatest audience. Our orchestras are greater concern. so that the legislative committee must re­ among the finest in the world. There are In 1964 at hearings I suggested to Mr. view the operation 3 years from now, and well over a thousand in existence. These Boushay of Baltimore that studies had indi­ make adjustments, if necessary, before addi­ are exclusive of secondary school symphony cated that a dollar of Federal money would tional appropriations are authorized. orchestras. The total number of perform­ generate 8 more dollars of spending on the We think we have a good bill and a viable ances given per year must approach the arts. He responded, and I quote: bill. 10,000 figure. "This is our purpose, not to get a deficit I have indicated that this b111 will be underwritten or not to take care of those peo­ enacted. I do so on the basis of administra­ On the face of it, these are extremely im­ tion support-affirmative support-plus the pressive statistics. Throughout our hearings ple who can come to a symphony concert in the Lyric Theater in Baltimore and pay their fact that close to 150 Members from both this year, as well as last year, we have been parties have sponsored legislation of a similar reminded of these splendid accomplishments. price, because plenty can do that, but to pro­ vide opportunity as a part of national policy nature. And the suggestion is then made that the to develop a cultural base for the total com­ We shall need your active support. arts must be doing very well, indeed. munity and reach out in new areas where it I hope we have it'. We know differently, however. We know is so important." I think we do. that the large number of symphony orches­ I can find no better way of expressing the tras vary from completely volunteer opera­ intent of the current legislation than those tions to the completely professional. words which explained Mr. Boushay's peti­ They vary in expenditures from a few tion to enact an arts foundation bill last Greater Miami Celebrates Alan Stewart's hundred dollars a year to several million­ year. or more. Unfortunately we did not have the sup­ 20 Years of Service to Aviation They have a gross audience of between port to do this last year, so we took the first 10 and 15 million people, who pay varying step by forming a National Council on the prices of admission. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Arts. OF About one in six of the musicians playing This year many bills were introduced, over in these orchestras is a professional. This a hundred, to establish a foundation on the HON. DANTE B. FASCELL is significant, for the only way to achieve humanities, and there were many bills to quality of performance is to be able to de­ establish a foundation on the arts. The two OJ' FLORIDA vote full time to perfecting the skill or art. are in a way inseparable. The arts and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES No one would deny the strength of pro­ humanities are like love and marriage. From fessional sports in the United States, but a legisla·tive standpoint, however, we have Wednesday, June 23, 1965 neither would they count all of the sandlot had some difficulty in joining them, since in Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, as we all and Little League teams, nor include the the area of creation and performance we realize, the development of air trans­ Golden Glovers in ·support of their arguments. deal with different circumstances than we portation has revolutionized almost You and I know the facts of life regarding do in the area of study. After hearings on the health and well-being of symphony or­ all of these bills had started, we worked with every feature of American life. No area chestras. You know it because you run the administration in drafting .a bill, which has benefited more from the manifold these thousand and more orchestras. I was introduced with the' President's bless­ services of our Nation's aviation indus­ know because you have told the Congress ings, and became H.R. 6050. Fifty of my try than Greater Dade County, and I many times in testimony. colleagues, from both parties, have joined as want to bring to the Congress attention June 23~ 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14617 the recognition which the people of Dade tudes, and baneful criticism and vapid ex­ activity are skills of negotiation-of honest County gave to this industry at a recent hortations are cheap· substitutes !or hard bargaining among equals. My .willingness to thought and analysis. compromise-and I have done so more times occasion in Miami. I prefer to take my stand on the proposi­ than I can count-is the respect I pay to the Alan Stewart, the present director of tion that the American people, working dignity of those with whom I disagree. the Greater Miami Port Authority, has through democratic institutions, have met, Through reasonable discussion, through been· associated with the port authority are meeting, and will continue to meet the taking inrto account the views of many, Con­ for 20 years. He has become well known complex problems of our age. gress amends and refines legislative propos­ among the citizens of Miami for his con­ If we stm have a long way to go-in als so that once a law is passed it reflects the tributions to and genuine interest in local achieving human equality, in securing inter­ collective judgment of a diverse people. national and domestic tranquility, in ex­ Surely this is a remarkable service. Surely, a1Iairs. During these 20 years, he has tending the benefits of our technical genius the habits of accommodation and compro­ been significantly instrumental in the to all citizens in the American Republic and mise are of universal consequence. These port authority's expansion of facilities to all mankind-let us glory in the un­ are the skills and attitudes so desperately and services. Today, at Miami, Fla., he finished agenda. needed on the larger stage of world conflict. directs one of the most modern, diversi­ Let us glory in the fact that we ·still pos­ World order and the rule of law will be se­ fied, and complex port authorities in any sess the wit and the wisdom to continue cure on this earth only when men have of our Nation's great metropolitan areas. making our American democratic system re­ learned to cope with the continuing con­ His efficient and capable direction-as sponsive to the terribly complex problems of flicts of peoples and nations through peace­ this turbulerut age. ful processes of legislative bargaining. well as his dedication to Dade County I want to discuss with this graduating A second lesson I . have learned from my and the entire aviation industry-mark class the importance of one of the great con­ congressional teachers is the importance of him as one of the select men who are re­ stitutional instruments at the disposal of the congressional role of responsible sur­ sponsible for the progress in air trans­ the American people in the business of mak­ veillance. There are roughly 70 separate portation which we have witnessed in the ing democracy work. I refer to the institu­ departments and agencies of the Federal last few decades. tion of the U.S. Congress. Government. Some are small; some are The Greater Miami Aviation Associa­ What I have to say, I think, needs saying large. All are engaged in carrying out the because all too many of our citizens take an will of the people as expressed through Con­ tion recently held a giant testimonial indifferent, or even a hostile, view toward gress. luncheon honoring Mr. Stewart and the the legislative branch. In the interests of efllciency, economy, and Dade County Port Authority. Capt. John This is not to underestimate the need for responsiveness, these departments and agen­ Halliburton, vice president for flight op­ strong and able Presidential leadership or cies need a continuing critical review by the erations at Eastern Airlines, delivered the for wise and humane judicial decisions. It committees and Houses of Con,gress. The main address, "Air Transportation­ is, however, to reaffirm the vital role of Con­ genius of our Founding Fathers is nowhere Past, Present, and Future." gress in our constitutional system. more in evidence than in those sections of Few persons can deal directly with either the Constitution which provide for checks I am pleased to join the large number a President or a Supreme Court. But any and balances. of citizens who came to honor and give person can communicate with his elected Through its review of the executive budget, appropriate recognition to the great air representatives in Washington. in the appropriations process, through com­ Industry of Greater Miami, the Dade The Members of Congress provide a direct mittee investigations, through advice and County Port Authority, and its dedi­ link between the National Government and consent on appointments and treaties, and cated director, Mr. Alan Stewart. the almost 195 million persons who comprise through informal disCussion, Gongress seeks this Republic. to improve and to support the executive Surely this connection is vital in keeping branch of the Government. our National Government responsive to the This exercise in freedom protects and ex­ needs and opinions of the American people. tends freedom. If legislative voices are oc­ Commencement Address by the Vice Pres­ I have found congressional service to be a casionally strident, citizens should take stock ident at Syracuse University remarkable form of higher education. My of what their world would be like if nd legis­ teachers have been Presidents and depart­ lative voices were heard at all. ment heads, constituents and the press, and, We know what happens in countries with­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS above all, a group of wise and distinguished out independent and constructively analyti­ OF colleagues in both Houses. cal legislatures. I cannot in a few minutes convey to you Mankind invented a word for such systems HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD all that I have learned from these teachers. centuries ago. The word is "tyranny." OF PENNSYLVANIA But perhaps I can suggest some lessons in BUJt there is a final lesson I have learned democratic theory and practice which I have from my congressional teachers: the creative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gained from my collegial experiences in joy of politics. Each Congress is devoted Wednesday, June 23, 1965 Congress. in substantial measure to the development The first lesson has to do with the creative of new public policies designed to promote Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, it and constructive dimension of the process of the general welfare and the national security seems to me that in his recent com­ compromise. · of this Nation. Congress is not a battlefield mencement address .at Syracuse Univer­ There are 100 Members of the U.S. Senate; for blind armies that clash by night. It is sity, Vice President HuMPHREY was di­ 435 Members of the House. They come from a place where national objectives are recting his remarks not only to the States and districts as diverse as Nevada and sought-where Presidential programs are re­ graduating class before which he ap­ New York, Alaska and Alabama. No two viewed-where great societies are endlessly States or regions of the United States have debated and implemented. peared, but indeed to all Americans. identical interests or prejudices. If as Emerson once wrote, Congress is a The Vice President's address is a One of the jobs of Congress is to reconcile "sta~ding insurrection," it is a standing in­ thoughtful treatise on th~ role of the such differences through the process of com­ surrection against the ancient enemies of Congress: its powers, its responsibilities, promise and accommodation. m ankind: war, povert y, ignorance, injustice, its functions. It is an eloquent expres­ What sometimes seems to the untutored sickness, environmental ugliness, economic sion of the keen intellect and long ex­ eye to be legislative obstructionisms are and personal insecurity. often no more than the honest expressions Few careers open such remarkable oppor­ perience of the Vice. President and per­ of dedicated representatives-trying to make tunities for translating dreams into reality. mits us better to understand and appre­ clear the attitudes and interests of their A new bill, a creative amendment, a wise ap­ ciate our countr-Y's unique legislative States and regions. propriation, may mean the 9-ifference between process. I commend it to the attention As Sir Richard Grenfell once observed: health and sickness, jobs and idleness, peace of Members of the House and to all "Mankind is slowly learning that because and war for millions of human beings. Americans. Under leave to extend my two men differ neither need be wicked." Stemming from ancient parliamentary remarks, I include the text of the Vice From the earliest days of this Republic­ origins, the main job of Congress is to redress President's address at this point in the at the Constitutional Convention of 1787- grievances, to right wrongs, to make freedom the leaders of this Nation have maintained and justice living realities for all. What RECORD: an unwavering commitment to moderation. higher calling exists? This is the essence COMMENCEMENT .ADDRESS BY THE VICE If our Founding Fathers had not understood of politics: to translate the concerns and the PRESIDENT the need to overcome extremes in drafting creative responses of a vast citizenry into As a former university teacher, I am aware our Constitution, this noble experiment in effective and humane laws. of the pitfalls of commencement speeches. the art of self-government would have surely I cannot conclude without a personal note. It is so easy to follow the formula: The world foundered on the rocks of dissension ·and · For almost 20 years, Congress. has been my is in a mess, the older generation has failed, discord. home. As Vice President, my relationships 1t 1s up to the graduating class to put things As in the deliberations of the Constitu­ with my former colleagues are inevitably right. But platitudes rarely change atti- tional Convention, the heart of congressional more formal and more intermittent than in 14618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 23, 1965 past years. Yet I can say unashamedly that arP. honoring today, I was very pleased when have not achieved triumph over warfare with I cherish them dearly. I have seen their your distinguished president Invited me to victories of reason. weakness as they have seen mine. participate in the commencement activities I am sure every graduating class 1s told I have on occasion been restive of delays at Hood College. Graduation day is a fes­ that a commencement is only partly a be­ and procedural anachronisms--and so have tive occasion. The speaker is permitted an ginning, even for you who are about to leave they. But I have seen 1n the Halls of Con­ unlimited number of cliches; there is the the academic life and emerge into a world gress more idealism, more humaneness and sense of brightness-and future--and un­ of crisis. And this is true--but as Louisa compassion, more empathy, more under­ ll:nited possibllities in the air; and for those May Alcott said, "Life is my college." And standing, more profiles of courage than in of us who have long since forgotten our own her hope 1s the hope of all of us as she any other institution I have ever known. graduation, there is also a feeling of renewal expressed it, "May I graduate well, and earn Like many of you today, I find it in my heart of tradition-the thought that here--for some honors." to praise and to thank my teachers. better or for worse--here stands the next So graduation from college is a time for Perhaps some of these brief words of trib­ generation. rededication, and reaffirmation of purposes ute to the institution of freedom known as I'm not going to apologize for the kind of and goals. the U.s. Congress may stay with you. As a world our generation gives to your gen­ The anthropologists tell us that at a given long as Congress continues to function as a eration. And neither am I going to complain time in the Inexorable passage of the seasons, responsible and viable element in our con­ about your generation. Someone has said: the young people of primitive tribes are stitutional system, the promise of American "The old begin to complain abowt the con­ gathered together, usually in the presence of democracy will forever endure--the torch of duct of the young when they themselves can the elders of the tribe, and are subjected freedom will forever light the path of the no longer set a bad example." to various rituals and ordeals which com­ future. But seriously-let me say-that in spite of prise what is called, by the anthropologists, Each of you, however, must also assume a the faot that this is a world where warhead a rite of passage. personal responsibility for preserving freedom faces warhead-where atomic annihilation The rite of passage, the anthropologists 1n these perilous times. And the nature of is an ever present possibility-! still firmly tell us, varies in its details from tribe to this responsibillty is best illustrated by John believe that this is the most exciting time, tribe, but there are certain underlying slmi­ Adams' notion of the spirit of public happi­ the most challenging time in which to live. larities everywhere. ness. And today you are receiving a diploma In most groups, the rite of passage is a It was this spirit, said Adams, that pos­ which may not be the open sesame to all fairly uncomfortable, sometimes quite pain­ sessed the American colonists and won the the opportunities of this world, but at least ful ritual. In most cases, the rites are ad­ revolution even before it was fought--a spirit it provides an entering wedge because it ministered by the old to the young, and 1n which is reflected in delight in participation certifies that you have earned a college every case, it is a means of passing on to in public discussion and public action. It is degree--and college trained people are in a new generation, the conventional wisdom a sense of joy in citizenship, in self-govern­ great demand. You don't have to worry which has enabled the tribe to cope, for ment, in self-control, 1n self-discipline, and about finding a job because you enter a years beyond measure with its environ­ in dedication. world which wants you and needs you. ment--with natural forces, with neighbors, An important part of the mission of this And I hope that many of you are thinking with enemies, with the everpresent super­ great university has been to instill in each of today not only as the day you graduate, natural currents. of you this spirit of public happiness. And but as the time when you commence your This week, last week and next,_throughout it will be this dedication to public service-­ graduate work. Many of us are concerned the length and breadth of this continent, the found in the hearts of Americans alive today that the ratio of women who go on to get young men and women like you are under­ and of generations yet unborn-that will in­ their master's and doctorate degrees has not going our version of this rite of passage. I am sure the ultimate victory of freemen 1n their risen since the war; in fact the percentage sure that the graduating seniors can testify struggle against the forces of tyranny and has declined. I hope many of you will help as to the discomforts they underwent during oppression. to change this picture, because doors are being opened to women in almost every final examinations; and all of us can testify field. Opportunities are now available that that the ritual wardrobe of a commencement never were before. must have been designed with redemptive By a more active involvement in the suffering 1n mind. Commencement Address of Hon. world around, women are growing not less These rites will differ in superficial details. Edith Green concerned about when little Johnnie or But in one essential, the rites of passage Susan takes that first step, but they are everywhere in this great land wlll be identi­ growing far more concerned about the kind cal with the rites of passage of tribal groups. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of a community and the kind of a world In every case, the elders of the tribe are called upon, in various ritual ways, to impart OJ' in which John and Susan will stride, as grown men and women. to the youth conventional wisdom. All these HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. Over the great temple of Delphi at the will tell you and your counterparts how the tribe has achieved its greatness, or, alterna­ OF MARYLAND time of the ancient Greeks, was carved the maxim, "Know thyself." In the over 2,000 tively, how it has begun to lose its past great­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years since that command was given, science ness. They wlll tell you what it is that you Wednesday, June 23, 1965 is just now beginning to open the ever­ must struggle to preserve or perhaps what widening paths to knowledge of ourselves­ you must struggle to regain. Mr. MA TRIAS. Mr. Speaker, under to knowledge of the mechanisms of our This advice will not be given in a con­ the wise leadership of its president, Dr. minds and bodies. We are working, not just descending or smug fashion, I can assure Randle Elliott, Hood College in Fred­ to understand the universe around us, but you. This generation of eurs has seen too erick, Md., has increased its reputation the world within us-not just the matter much evil and too much of the ultimate de­ as a dynamic institution offering an edu­ which surrounds us, but the nature of our pravity of which man can be guilty, to look own being. back with excessive pride on its own accom­ cation of high quality. On June 6, Dr. In our society, which has learned to open plishment and hold them up as a necessary Elliott and the graduating class of Hood cans electrically; to broadcast voices and object of your emulation. There have been were privileged to have as their guest and pictures across oceans and continents, even things done in this generation of which w~ main commencement speaker our col­ to bounce them from a tiny satellite hurtling are justly proud. There have been things league, Representative EDITH GREEN of through space; to journey below the polar done, too, by my contemporaries which only Oregon. Mrs. GREEN's thoughtful ad­ ice; to hurl man, borne by the most power­ demonstrate how far men can depart !rom dress was focused on the vital role of ful engines known, literally toward the stars; common decency and simple humanity. youth in this troubled and complex age. that while doing all these things we have No, we will not advise you because we be­ failed to solve the great unanswered ques­ lieve we have found the ultimate in human Praising the enthusiasm and social con­ tions that have faced the world since time insight, and we wm not, I hope, look upon cern of the present college generation, began-the problems of hunger, want, you as a Lost Generation, Incapable of fol­ she encouraged the graduates to press disease, shelter from the cold and the heat-­ lowing the high example set by your elders. forward their drives for truth, justice, the problems of the basic needs of one-fifth When we give advice to your generation we and human decency. of our Nation and three-quarters of our do so feeling both proud of you and con­ I am pleased to insert Mrs. GREEN's world; are making it possible for man to cerned about you and your future--our literally walk in outer space, while many, future. provocative address in the REcoRD: many. cannot walk as men with dignity on But--as this has usually been the case in BON. EDITH GREEN, AT COMMENCEMENT An­ this planet. rites of passage--we will probably not com­ DRESS OF HOOD COLLEGE, JUNE 6, 1965 We have not solved the great human prob­ municate well-because we feel, perhaps even President Elliott, Dean Keeler, Dean Sher­ lems of despair and hardship and meaning­ more keenly than you feel, that the genera­ rill, Mr. Thomas, and other members of lessness in a world so full of riches for so tions do not understand one another. the board of trustees, members o! the facul­ many. Never, I think, as I talk with countless ty, members o! the graduating class o! 1965, We have not solved the great Christian young people, has this gap of communica­ and parents and friends of those whom we problems of peace and }Jrotherhood. We tion been more evident than it is today. June 23, 1965 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14619 And never, probably, will it be more evident requests through channels. But, also you And I do not really find much evidence than during our annual rites of passage. know and I know that too often a channel ts in the rebellious spirit of your generation Let me cite a few seemingly unrelated facts. simply a ditch artificially dug to allow stlll that you are even seeking to do so. I don't Let me draw a tentative conclusion from waters to continue to run untroubled. believe for one minute you are losing faith them, and let me, in all humility offer it as Respect for authority is indeed a laudable 1n democracy, in the Constitution, in Amer­ my advice, my word-if not of wisdom, at attribute. And I do not minimize it one ican liberties and the concept of law and least of good wm, and friendship to you. single bit. Authdrity must be respected, but order. On the contrary, I find you making Item 1: Young Americans, most of them authority also must earn respect. I say the your elders uncomfortable precisely because under the age or 30, have in recent years, Republic is better off today for those young you have the bad taste to take those con­ gone by 0 the thousands into every corner of people whose respect for authority did not cepts literally. You hear talk about free the world as Peace Corps volunteers. In this extend to the sheriff of Selma or others in speech. You seek to speak out freely. capacity, even in situations where the Ameri­ authority who used electric cattle prods and You read the 13th and the 14th and the can image in general was in rags and tatters, bull whips on fellow human beings. When 15th amendments to the Constitution, and they have been able to carry out their work authority is abused to perpetuate wrong, it you seek the equal justice, the equal oppor­ and to earn and retain an affectionate rap­ forfeits its right to respect. And age is no tunity and the equal rights which those port with the people of these countries. guarantee of wisdom. Respect authority, honored but unobserved amendments Item 2: Many of the first group of Peace yes by all means-but first, respect your­ promise. Corps volunteers to return to this country selves, and love justice. And above all, I find that perhaps the most met in Washington, earlier this year, to ex­ I'm told one of the slogans of some of our disquieting thing your generation is doing plore, with the leadership of the Peace Corps, young people is "never trust anyone over is to act as though the most fundamental ways of further service to the United States. 30." If this be true what a sad commentary religious beliefs were literally true. You act Item 3: A large number of young people on the lack of communication, of under­ as though the brotherhood of man and the have left their homes and gone to such standing between our generation and yours. fatherhood of God were facts to be rejoiced places as Mississippi, there to work, to help I will admit to being over 30, and I would in, not platitudes to contemplate in a seg­ encourage voter registration, to live and to hope my contemporaries would not lose your regated church on Sunday morning. You act know fear and privation, and, in a couple trust. But, if you must discriminate, 1f you as though the man who drove the money of cases, to die. must be prejudiced, perhaps the generation changers from the temple wanted his fol­ Even larger numbers of young people have which perfected the hydrogen bomb is as lowers to concern themselves with economic participated in demonstrations in their own worthy of your lack of trust as any. inequities and social justice on weekdays, communities and in other States, in oppo­ Let me say, too, that your addiction to instead of just putting a dollar in the collec­ sition to the racial injustices which are still folk songs and blue jeans and tennis shoes is tion plate on Sundays to feed the distant too much a part of our society. a poor case for those who find you make them poor. Item 4: Young people, in some cases the uncomfortable. You act as though you really thought the same young people who demonstrated for And to those who found a dilemma in the peacemakers are blessed. You act, in short, civil rights, have engaged in demonstrations spectacle of young people from the same as though Jesus Christ were a man who against our foreign policies. generation joining the Peace Corps, helping spoke with authority, instead of just a trou­ Item 5: In another great university, 3,000 stem the raging Mississippi and picketing blesome Jew, who didn't care much about miles from here, students demonstrated so against the established policy of a community going through channels. vehemently in defense of what they thought or a nation, I suggest there is no anomaly So I wish you well as you pa.ss from the to be a threat to their freedom of speech here. campus to the world of business or govern­ and political action, that a university ad­ These young people were each reacting, in ment, or finance, or to your professions, or ministration was shaken and a major state­ ways which were really remarkably similar, to further study, or whatever. I assume wide political issue was born. to challenges which they could see, not chal­ much of your youthful enthusiasm will be Item 6: In the Midwest, earlier this spring, lenges to policy, not challenges to authority, tempered by your further experience. Other record-breaking floods threatened to sweep not challenges to order, but challenges to generations have been suspected by their into several major cities and to cause untold something more basic-challenges to life elders of being uncontrolled. And the world millions of doollars of damage. Among the itself. has gone on. It will change most of you hardest working volunteers on the dikes and I don't automatically agree with every and some of you may change the world, levees were young college students. A num­ young person I see carrying a picket sign. The change in you will be the price you­ ber of newspaper accounts, and at least one I don't assume that a beard and a guitar are and we-must pay for the change you wlll editorial commented on this fact, to the the infallible hallmarks of righteousness, work in us. effect' that "Not all students are bearded and I agree that a vast amount of nonsense Let me close by quoting a great philosopher troublemakers, demonstrating against the makes itself heard as the voice of youth. who said to an audience in Boston over 100 Government. Some of them, in Minnesota, years ago: "Ideals are like stars. You will But there is something infinitely precious at least, are valiantly out there helping their not succeed in touching them with your neighbors and their community." which your generation has brought to ana­ tion which could otherwise be infinitely hands. But like the seafaring man on the Item 7: Much of the newspaper and other desert of waters, you choose them as your public criticism of the young people who -smug and self-satisfied. It is not difficult, in countries of widespread poverty and obvious guides and following them you will reach have protested our foreign policy, anc;l. of your destiny." the young people who h ave worked for civil oppression, to awaken the spirit of protest rights, seems to stem from the fact that and of revolution in which this Nation was founded. What is difficult is to keep the they were unshaven, and • often poorly spirit alive when a nation is fat and pros­ dressed. perous, and when injustice masquerades un­ Vietnam-The President Has .Answered Now, what do all these things mean? der the guise of that great untouchable and What conclusions can we draw from these impersonal deity policy. facets of the always abrasive relationship "Why can't we do this?" ·asks the im­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS between generations, and what comfort can OF we draw from our store of tribal wisdom? patience of youth. "Because it's never been done that way. It's policy," replies the or­ First, let me say to any of you who may ganization man. Well, we need organization HON. PAUL G. ROGERS have picketed, who may have protested what men, and we need _policy. But we need, as OF FLORIDA seem to be injustices or stupidity, to those the world has never before needed, impatient, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who have, in short, set their instinctive feel­ nonconforming, uncomfortable and uncom­ ings against the accumulated knowledge of forting young men and young women .who Wednesday, June 23, 1965 the people who bear responsibility for the resolution of issues-! would be the last t.o demand that policy justify itself and that the Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, organization adapt to change. pass final judgment on the wisdom of such 0 in a recent column David Lawrence out­ moves. If you have any contribution to So, perhaps, in this rite of passage, the tribal elder can only tell the young men and lined steps the President has taken to make to a world which stands on the brink inform the world of our reasons for de­ of self-des•truction, to a nation which is in the young women, with a rueful shrug, "We the throes of the most soul-searching revolu­ have tried the conventional truths, and they fending southeast Asia. Mr. Lawrence tion of the century, it is precisely your en­ don't always answer the new questions. We has also suggested a new way to pub­ thusiasm, your clear eyed, perhaps mistaken·, have made the customary sacrifices, and licize rour position, and because it is perhaps . not, but your concern about' the 'chanted the hallowed incantations, and still worthy of serious consideration I include irreconcilability of right and wrong. the rain doesn't come, the crops fail, and the his thoughts on this important matter You will be told vhat the things to which flocks do not multiply as they should. Per­ haps the impatient young men and women here in the RECORD. you object are impossible to correct over­ WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FoR? THE PRESIDENT night. Maybe they are, but they will never should give expression to their impatience." be corrected unless you and others like you I am not counseling you to throw off all HAS ANSWERED continue to demand that they be correcrod. the ancient ideals. of the civilization of which (By David Lawrence) You will be told that this is not the way you are the heirs. You could not 1! you WASHINGTON .-There was an art festival to seek reform, that you should present your would, and you should not, if you could. at the White House· on Monday. It took the 14620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 23, 1965 time and attention of the President of the "We are also there to strengthen world Cardinal Spellman has given us the best United States. The occasion had a praise­ order. Around the globe, from Berlin to possible news. A brand new 350-bed hospital worthy purpose. But there is something far Thailand, are people whose well-being rests will be built on an adjacent site, creating more important which needs the time and in part on the belief that they can count on hundreds of new jobs, and, when completed. attention of the Nation's Chief Executive us if they are attacked. To leave Vietnam greatly expanded medical services. right now. It's the wavering morale of the to its fate would shake the confidence of all AREA BOYS SOUGHT FOR MILITARY ACADEMIES parents and relatives of the more than 50,000 these people in the value of an American American boys who are fighting the war in commitment and in the value of America's If you have a friend or relative who would Vietnam. word. · The result would be increased unrest like to attend a. U.S. military academy, please These families cannot know what is going and instability, and even wider war. send his name and address to me in Wash­ on in the jungles of Vietnam just by reading "We will not be defeated. We will not ington as soon as possible. We are about to the newspapers, and naturally little mention grow tired. We will not withdraw, either begin a district-wide search for qualified of individuals is made unless there are cas-. openly or under the cloak of a meaningless candidates. ualties. Meanwhile, what the critics are agreement.'' As Congressman, I am entitled for this year saying, both here and abroad, is widely pub­ The President could say a lot more at a. to appoint seven boys to U.S. military acad­ licized. The impression is given that it is White House ceremony and awaken an ap­ emies~three to the Air FoTce Academy, two a useless war and that the lives of the Amer­ preciation of the service · being rendered by to West Point. and two to the Naval Academy ican boys are being sacrificed in vain. brave American boys as they risk their lives at Annapolis. In addition, 5 alternates for The real truth, however, is that the Ameri­ so that their families and their fellow Ameri­ each post must be selected, and another 10 cans in Vietnam are performing a service not cans at home may be spared the horrors of a will be chosen to take a qualifying exam for only for the 190 million people in the United nuclear war. the Merchant Marine Academy. This makes States, but also for the hundreds of millions a grand total of 52. of human beings in other countries who are I have decided to depart from the tradi­ being protected against a nuclear war because tion which allows me personal choice of any of the steadfastness and resoluteness of Activities of an Urban Congressman candidates I wish to recommend. Instead, America's Armed Forces. I have formed a committee of pubUc-spirited President Johnson is conscious of the wor­ citizens in the Bronx to give equal considera­ ries and anxieties of the families of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion to every interested boy in our commu­ Americans who are in Vietnam. ·But he ad­ OF nity. The committee will recommend candi­ mitted on Tuesday that he had a difficult dates solely on the basis of merit. time replying to a letter from a mother whose HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER Wouldn't it be a wonderful thing for our son was en route to Vietnam. He said he OF NEW YORK 21st District, and a good thing for our mil­ told her the Nation's liberty and freedom are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES itary academies too, to send a group of out­ so precious that her son's service is needed standing young men who might otherwise in Vietnam. But there has not yet been a Wednesday, June 23, 1965 · have missed this opportunity? definitive declaration telling the parents and l\1r. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, the The chairman of the Committee on Acad­ relatives of the members of the Armed Forces emy Appointments is Donald Darcy, senior of the United States why the mission in duties of a Congressman include a good vice president of Northside Savings Bank, southeast Asia is so vitally important. deal more than legislating. We spend a vice chairman is Harrison J. Goldin, attorney President Johnson could readily dramatize good deal of our time concerning our­ and leader of the Metropolitan New York at a ceremony in the White House the rea­ selves with community problems in our Council of the American Jewish Congress. sons why American troops are in Vietnam. A district. This is right and proper. Other members include: Frances Castaldo; delegation of parents of soldiers, airmen, and I have just prepared a report on my Father Mario Ciampi, O.F.M., Our Lady of sailors in southeast Asia could be brought to community activities for my constituents. Pity; Dennis Coleman, president, Bronx the White House at Government expense so I think that my colleagues and students NAACP; the Honorable Maximo Gonzalez, that the President personally could explain Bronx district rent director, rent and re­ the war and what it means not only to the of Congress will be interested in the ac­ habllitation administration; Abraham Gure­ American people but to the world as a whole. tivities of an urban Congressman. I have vich, president of the Security Mutual In­ Such an occasion would serve also to remind permission to insert the report in the surance Co.; the Reverend Edler Hawkins, the parents of many boys who have not yet RECORD. former moderator of the General Assembly gone to Vietnam that if a crisis comes, they, The report follows: of the United Presbyterian Church in the too, must be prepared for the great sacrifices Dear friend, s-ince becoming your Congress­ United States, and now minister of St. Au­ that are necessary to prevent a nuclear war. man 6 months ago, I have devoted a great gustine Uri.tted Presbyterian Church; Rabbi President Johnson did make a generalized deal of time to the problems of our com­ David Hollander, Mount Eden Center; the speech on April 7 at Johns Hopkins Univer­ munity. This report will tell you about Reverend James Keller, minister of Marl­ sity in Baltimore, but what he said then many of my local projects and activities. santa Presbyterian Church; Leonard Licht­ about Vietnam needs reiteration. Mr. John­ In the past months I have written to you blau , principal of Public School No. 35; son declared: about national and international issues. Ernest Minott, vice president of the United "Tonight Americans and Asians are dying These of course must be my first concern as Parents' Association; Ira Petowski, com­ for a. world where each people may choose its your Representative in Washington. But as mander, Pvt. Harvey Ehrilich Post, Jew­ own path to change. the highest elooted local official of our ish War Veterans; Mrs. Hyman Schneider; "This is the principle for which our ances­ district, I have a special duty to concern my­ Rabbi Reuven Siegal, Adath Israel congre­ tors fought in the valleys of Pennsylvania. self with our many serious community prob­ gation. It is a principle for which our sons fight to­ lems, particularly because the Bronx has for CRIME AND PUBLIC SAFETY night in the jungles of Vietnam. so many years been New York City's ne­ Over 400 people attended our May 16 con­ "Vietnam is far away from this quiet cam­ glected stepchild. ference on crime and public safety. Mayor pus. We have no territory there, nor do we Here are some of the things I and my staff Wagner, our new Police Commissioner Vin7 seek any. The war is dirty and brutal and have undertaken to make our community a cent Broderick, Rep.resentative JONATHAN difficult. And some 400 young men, born better place to live. BINGHAM, Assemblyman Seymour Posner, and into an America that is bursting with op­ ST. FRANCIS SAVED AT LAST MOMENT many other national and local experts par­ portunity and promise, have ended their lives As this report was going to press, Cardinal ticipated. on Vietnam's steaming soil. Spellman a,nnounced the welcome news that Recommendations based on the panel dis­ ':Why must we take this painful road? St. Francis Hospi·tal on East 142d Street had cussions at the conference-on the role of Why must this Nation hazard its ease, its been granted a reprieve. the Federal Government, the role of the interest, and its power for the sake of a peo­ The loss of the hospital's 380 beds and the courts, narcotics control, and neighborhood ple so far away? jobs it h.as provided for nearly a. thousand safety-are being drawn up. We are creat­ "We fight because we must fight if we are workers would have created a major medical ing an advisory council to help put these to live in a world where every country can and economic crisis in this desperately needy recommendations into effect. - shape its own destiny, and only in such a south Bronx area. The long, hot summer is with us again­ world will our own freedom be finally secure. I am happy to have been able to work longer and hotter because of the water short­ "Over this war-and all Asia,-is another closely with the tireless administrator of St. age. We have been conferring with the cap­ reality: The deepening shadow of Communist Francis, Sister Anthony Joseph, to achieve tains of the local precincts on measures China. The rulers in Hanoi are urged on by this goal. I organized a citizens' committee to help keep the streets safe in this period. Peiping. This is a regime which has de~ to help save the hospital, met with the de­ These meetings have produced a number of stroyed freedom in Tibet, which has attacked partment of hospitals and community lead­ helpful suggestions, which my advisory coun­ India, and has been condemned by the ers, urged the Mayor and the Governor to cil will help the police implement. United Nations for aggression in Korea. It is take action, and made a last-minute appeal In early June I convened a meeting of com­ a nation which is helping the forces of vio­ for help on a TV program. I feel sure that munity leaders, police captains, and youth lence in almost every continent. The contest our final success, however, came about patrolmen from local precincts to discuss in Vietnam is part of a. wider pattern of ag­ through our total community effort to save this whole problem as it affects our neighbor­ gressive purposes. St. Francis. hoods. We took up specific plans for this June 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14621 summer, and long-range programs to ease To be sure that the new planning by the It has taken many decades for New York community tensions. board of education for Taft High School to come back to an appreciation of not only Finally, I have tried to do something in does not lower its educational standards, the beauty, but the importance of trees. Congress about the crime problem. On May I have arranged meetings with the leaders of Trees purify the air, cushion the harsh 12, I introduced an anticrime bill in the the PTA, school officials, and Dr. Donovan, noises of city streets, hold moisture in the House of Representatives embodying Presi­ superintendent of schools. ground, and help to moderate uncomfortable dent Johnson's proposals for fighting crime, NEW HELP FOR AGING extremes of temperature. Above all, they but adding two amendments not included The Kingsbridge neighborhood project on delight and soothe the spirit. in the President's recommendations. My staff is working to locate possible sites aging has been set up to assist all elderly in our area for badly needed vest-pocket My bill calls for the creation of a new of­ men and women in the Concourse area. Its fice in the Justice Department devoted ex­ parks. A survey of defects in our existing aim is to identify the p.roblems of aging per­ parks has been made by the local reform clusively to criminological research. It also sons--family, financial, or medical problems, calls for the formation of a Scientific Advisoil'y Democratic clubs, and submitted to Com­ or perhaps simply the great problem of lone­ missioner Morris. We have already had some Council which would find ways to apply the liness-and to put them in touch with the scientific advances of modern life to crime results, and more improvements are ex­ right health and welfare agencies. pected in the near future. prevention and detection. To give you an I am working with this neighborhood proj­ idea of what I mean: the local policeman ect. Above all, we want to keep elderly peo­ HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOOD CONSERVATIOIN on the beat might carry a weapon which ple living in the southwest Bronx, and to Commissioner Herbert Evans of the city fires not bullets, which kill, but pellets which include them in the life of the community. housing board and I are working to explore temporarily stun a suspect. Such a device I spent an afternoon with one of the proj­ an area conservation program for the South might produce more arrests yet cause less ect's volunteer interviewers, Mrs. Magda Highbridge area, which would prevent the danger to all concerned. Quittner. We had a heartwarming visit with continued deterioration of sound housing PLANS FOR SENIOR CITIZENS Mrs. Rose Siegal of Walton Avenue, who em­ there because of landlord neglect. So many older people in our community phasized the need I mentioned earlier-the In cooperation with Housing Commissioner have spoken to me about the need for small, need for places close to home, without diffi­ Hortense Gabel and Federal antipoverty of­ easy-to-get-to places where they can spend cult stairs and hills to climb, where older ficials, I have developed a plan to rehabili­ friendly social hours together, and I am people can gather for recreation and com­ tate two blocks of substandard housing in hopeful that we can m ake this wish a panionship. the district. We have recommended a pos­ reality. At the end of our visit, our gracious hostess sible site to Commissioner Gabel. I have organized a committee in the com­ was so interested in the project she volun­ I am actively working with the Mid-Bronx munity to concentrate on the needs and teered to interview others. If you would Community Council which is developing two problems of our aging. Its special job is like to volunteer, your help is needed and proposals for middle-income Mitchell Lama to work for worthwhile projects which we welcome. Call 537-3885. projects off Jerome Avenue. hope will qualify for Federal funds under As your Congressman in Washington, I I h ave also worked closely for several years the antipoverty program. have worked to ease the problems of our now with the Bronxchester Mutual Housing One such project is these store front clubs aged by cosponsoring the medicare program Association, a group of community organiza­ for older persons. They would be similar in the House, voting for the Older Americans tions, businessmen and leaders, which is to Golden Age Clubs, but smaller, easier to Act, and supporting increased pensions for sponsoring a huge 4,000-unit middle-income find, and closer to home--like a corner retired Government employees. development in the general area of 3d to drugstore. ANTIPOVERTY PROGRAM UNDERWAY IN DISTRICT Eagle Avenues, and 149th to 161st Streets. Another project we hope will qualify for a I have conferred with Milton Mallen, city We have had a major breakthrough for the coordinator of housing and development, to demonstration grant is a geriatric center antipoverty program in the Bronx. SEBU­ urge additional Iniddle-income housing in for the Concourse Division of the Bronx South East Bronx United-has received a our district. Lebanon Hospital. The purpose· of this cen­ planning grant of over $25,00Q. I am happy ter would be to offer not only improved to have had the opportunity, in cooperation BUSINESS AND EMPLOYMENT medical attention for the aged, but a great with Councilman David Ross and Borough I have had several meetings with Bronx many helpful social services as well-all co­ President Joseph Pericon1., of working to ob­ business leaders and· am planning a Busi­ ordinated under one roof. tain it. ness Advisory Council to work on ways of The committee, called the South West SEBU is a coalition of community orga­ bringing new businesses and more jobs into Bronx Anti-Poverty Advisory and Coordinat­ nizations and social agencies in the south the area. We are exploring a proposal for ing Committee, is headed by the active com­ and east Bronx formed under the leadership an industrlal park in the South Bronx which munity leader, Carl Sontz. of the Reverend George Hardy of the COngre­ would be designed to attra-ct firms with per­ Members include Ida Arbitman, super­ gational Church of north New York. manent, well-paying jobs. visor of Golden Age Clubs for the Bronx As you know, I am a member of the Anti­ We have also explored the possibility of YM-YMHA; Marvin Beile, director of health poverty Subcommittee of the House Educa­ demolishing the antiquated Third Avenue education for old-age groups of the Bronx tion and La.bor Committee. I was thus able el, and a campaign to improve the 149th Board of Health; Abraham Fleischman, ex­ to arrange the first congressional hearing held Street shopping area. The creation of a ecutive director of the Bronx YM-YWHA; in the Bronx for years-an Antipoverty Sub­ shopping mall is an attractive idea, but Donald Granick; Fannie Hurlinger, director committee hearing on April 10. some viable substitute for the blight-produc­ of social services at Bronx-Lebanon Hospi­ Over 20 community leaders as well as resi­ ing el must first be found. tal; Susan Kinoy, director of the Kingsbridge dents of poverty areas in the Bronx par­ I am planning a small business workshop neighborhood project on aging; Manfred ticipated. The views which they expressed this coming fall or winter. The·small Busi­ Klein; Ralph Rivera; Dr. Herbert Seltzer, ex­ on Feder~! antipoverty efforts were subse­ nes~ Administration will send representa­ ecutive director of the Daughters of Jacob; quently published in the CONGRESSIONAL tives to explain opportunities for small busi­ and Ida Townsend. RECORD. ~essmen under existing Federal programs. PROGRESS ON SCHOOLS I am working with city and Federal anti­ COMMUNITY CONSUMER PROGRAM PLANNED I am very happy to tell you that funds for poverty officials to get a Community Progress Esther Petersen, the President's charming a new public school No. 35, a crucially Center and a JOIN (Job Orientation in Neigh­ and indoinitable adviser on consumer prob­ important elementary school at 165th Street borhoods) Center for the south Bronx. lems, is working with me on a demonstration and Morris A venue, have been included in Some of the most impoverished areas in the program on consumer problems which will the new city budget. I spoke on behalf of city are in the south Bronx, and it is im­ take place this fall in our community. You the new school at city planning commission portant that they get both local and Federal will be hearing more about this in a few hearings, and presented testimony at the assistance. months. budget hearings of the board of education. We have been working closely with the BRONX CULTURAL LIFE I am working hard to get one of the first Einstein Medical Center Mental Health Di­ vision at Lincoln Hospital in its program to My wife, Emily, has become active with supplementary education centers in the Na­ the Bronx Council on the Arts and is trying tion approved for our district. These cen­ develop local community centers. The first to develop projects which will give us more ters will be provided under the new Elemen­ was opened in our district on February 28, cultural facilities in the Bronx. We cer­ tary and Secondary School Education Act at 349 East 138th Street. It has already at­ tainly need them. just passed by Congress. They are to be tracted widespread interest and community With Congressman BINGHAM and Assem­ used for remedial reading, audiovisual pro­ support. · blyman Posner, I have sponsored a series of grams, counseling, and are to be adaptable TREES AND PARKS concerts in the Bronx by the young people's for cultural activities under the Scheuer My staff and I have met on numerous oc­ symphony. amendment to the new act. My staff has casions with Commissioner of Parks Newbold I have conferred with the borough presi­ located several pos,sible sites for such a cen­ Morris and his aids. Plans are now well dent's ofllce to be certain that the new ter, which are now before the board of educa­ developed for spOOial tree plantings on Je­ Bronx Civic Center will really serve commu­ tion for approval. We are pursuing this rome, Willis, University, and Melrose Avenues, nity needs fully. I have expressed my con­ actively with the superintendent of schools, and 149th Street. I am also presenting plans cern that the civic center be a true public Dr. Bernard Donovan, who is cooperating for the planting of additional trees to fill the facility of great beauty and not another with our efforts to the full. bare spots on the Grand Concourse. architectural monstrosity. 14622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 23, 1965 COMMUNITY SERVICES the past 4 years, including the top na­ efficient dispatch requires a huge delivery We are now preparing a simple guide to tional award in this field in 1964. system consisting of nearly 34,000 offices and community services offered in the Bronx. A current theme of this fine program 10,000 additional stations, garages and termi­ No such booklet is now available. is• "Know Your Government." At the nals. Some 590,000 employees are needed to I have conferred with Welfare Commis­ man the system, and almost 120,000 vehi­ sioner Dumpson about setting up a new sys­ core of this program is a new series in cles-ranging rrom light and mobile Mall­ tem to solve individual constituents' prop­ the Transmitter entitled "Your Federal sters to huge over-the-road tractor trailers­ lems more quickly. Government in Action." Each issue will are used in the complicated process of col­ lection and delivery. ESCALATORS AT SUBWAY STATIONS feature an article by the Secretary of a Cabinet department, explaining the his­ In great similarity with telephone com­ I am forming a committee to explore the panies, the mail service must adjust itself to use of escalators in our elevated subway sta­ tory and functions of his department. the peaks and valleys of public demand, with tions and to study the problems of Bronx These articles will be circulated widely, little or no opportunity to stabllize work public transportation in general. to schools, libraries, and civic groups, flow. Communications must be handled as PICTURE CAPTIONS and will be made available to other Bell perishable products and time Is of utmost Photos taken at conference on crime and System companies and other industries. importance. The mail can't be stockpiled They should ultimately be read by hun­ in order to ob-tain the most economic use otf public safety, held May 16 at Taft High manpower and machinery. Unlike many School. On left, Mayor Wagner speaks with dreds of thousands of interested citizens in all parts of the Nation. businesses, there is no opportunity to con­ Representative ScHEUER and interested citi­ trol the number of pieces placed in the zens after his keynote speech. On right, the This series is but one of the projects postal system or to dictate to customers panel on the role of the Federal Government currently underway. A series on the the hours and dates when mall can be ac­ meets in the school gym; from left to right, Congress is contemplated, as is coverage cepted for processing. Like the telephone Julius Edelstein, special assistant to Mayor of the Supreme Court and the Presi­ company, the Post Office has to be ready to Wagner; Richard Brown, administrative as­ give service when, where and how public sistant to Representative ScHEUER; Seymour dency. In addition, the public affairs program will be in operation at other needs demand it. Feller, former president of the John F. Ken­ The Post Office serves 45.1 million fami­ nedy Independent Democratic Club; George levels through publications, lectures, and lles and 4.3 million business addresses lo­ O'Connor of the International Association of seminars. cated along more than 103,000 city delivery Chiefs of Police; and the Honorable Vincent I commend this effort to answer the routes. Nearly 10 million farms and non­ Broderick, police commissioner of New York need for more information about our urban addresses are served by some 31,000 City. Government and its officials, and to pro­ rural delivery routes. Clockwork collection Representative ScHEUER and Mrs. Magda vide material which is both enlightening schedules are maintained for half a m1llion Qui ttner of the Kingsbridge neighborhood street letter poxes. project on aging, discuss problems of elderly and entertaining. I would like to place persons with Mrs. Rose Siegal of Walton in the RECORD the first acticle in this CONGRESS AND EBENEZER'S HORSE Avenue. series, "Mail Explosion U.S.A." by Post­ Members of the Congress may find solace The Concourse Little League began an­ master General John A. Gronouski: in the monetary tribulations of their fore­ bears of the Continental Congress. other season this year with a parade in MAIL EXPLOSION U.S.A. which I marched to express my support of Ebenezer Hazard, Continental postmaster this fine organization, directed by the dedi­ Sam Osgood was dubious about the whole at New York City during the Revolution, cated Harry M. Klinetsky. Representative thing. He didn't want to be the first Post­ sought a special appropriation to purchase a ScHEUER's youthful companions here are: master General under the new Constitution. horse. Row 1, left to right, Jackie Almalech, Steve That was General (by this time President) It all began when Gen. George Washing­ Weissman, Al Tragerman, Randy Garfield, Washington's idea. Others clamored for the ton, to consolidate his defensive position, fell Barry Norch. Row 2, Mike Greenberg, Jeff Job, but Washington put them off. Osgood back from Long Island and abandoned the Newman, Louis Nazel. Row 3, Jeff Kruger, succumbed to the President's persuasion New York Harbor area to the superior Bill Jackson, Ira Brander, Jeff Hirsch, Pres­ finally and became Postmaster General in strength of the British. Ebenezer Hazard ton Faro. 1789. had been delivering mall dispatches on foot. Dennis Coleman, president of Bronx Thus, Osgood became director of the fledg­ But now the American Army was off some­ NAACP, with Representative SCHEUER at ling system that Benjamin Franklin had where in New Jersey. Antipoverty Subcommittee hearing held established under the Continental Congress "The post office," he claiined, "hath need April 10 in the Bronx. -the embryo of today's postal system. of a horse." Since I have not yet been your Congress­ There were about 75 offices and 2,400 miles We may have lost something in transla­ man for 6 months, many of these projects of post roads to serve a population of three tion from the official documentese of the day are only in the beginning stage. While I million persons. Rates of postage were high but in substance the word to Postmaster cannot guarantee their successful conclusion, and often at variance according to the dis­ Hazard was: I can promise you that my staff and I are tances covered. Discipline among postal "SoiTy, don't you know there's a war on?" working as hard as we can to bring them riders was lax. Enforcement of financial PRESORTING, 1773 to fruition. I hope and trust that, with accountability and adherence to rules was your support, we will be successful in our all but impossible. Osgood reported to Con­ The recent Post Office Department order efforts to provide a better neighborhood for gress in January 1790, only 4 months after that second and third-class permit holders you and your children. taking office, "I beg leave to observe, that presort their mail by ZIP codes before it there may be so few letters written that it enters the postal system has precedent in will not amount to anything considerable." early colonial annals. Had Osgood only known the growth in The following passage is found in the 1773 store for the Nation and the needs this diary of Hugh Flnlau who succeeded Ben­ Mall Explosion U.S.A. growth would create. Operating under the jamin Franklin as England's Deputy Post­ main policies and basic rules of 1790, today's master General for the American Colonies: EXTENSION OF REMARKS postal system handles 72 blllion pieces of "Acting Postmaster Antlll (N. York) mall each year. The mail volume of this 01' wishes that the letters sent from England country alone nearly matches that of the by the Packet cou'd be sorted in London, HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. rest of the world combined. The total each city Its different bundle viz., N. York, volume amounts to one letter per day for Phlla, Boston, Quebec, Montreal, &c; his OF MARYLAND every man, woman and child in the country. reason for mentioning this wish is, that it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Expressed in comparative terms, Greater often does happen that there is not time to Wednesday, June 23, 1965 New York City produces and processes about assort them before the departures of the the same volume of mail as Great Britain. different riders or at least of some of them, Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, for sev­ The annual Increase in U.S. mall Is equiv­ by which means they lie in the office untU eral years the C. & P. Telephone Co. has alent to the total yearly volume o! some next post day which makes eight days d11fer­ been conducting an ambitious and admi­ European countries. ent to Canada for instance." rable public affairs program. Its activ­ Such statistics and comparisons pecome OPERATES ON A BUDGET, LIKE BIG BUSINESS blurred in their immensity. Suffice it that a ities have included "register and vote" slide rule expert recently concluded that our Yes, the Post Office is big business. It op­ campaigns, courses in basic economics country's mall this year, If placed end to erates within a rigid budget of $5.3 billion and in political action, and the publica­ end, would reach 44 times between the earth and handles in the course of a year's business tion of legislative bulletins on issues of and moon. But, enough of that. about $20 bUlion. Like private business, it has labor contract agreements with organiza­ interest to the company and its em­ COPING WITH THE MAIL EXPLOSION tions representing its 590,000 employees-the ployees. The public affairs articles in The growth in mail volume during the largest civilian labor force in the Govern­ the C. & .P. magazine, the Transmitter, latter half of the 20th century amounts ment and comparable in size to General have won awards and citations from the almost literally to a "mail explosion." Motors and A.T. & T. The Post Office "board Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge for Handling the 72 Pillion pieces of mail with of directors" is the U.S. Congress which sets June 24, 196.5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14623 the Post omce budget (the moneys used for to sort mail for direct shipment to sectional nizations or finance organizations, and wages, facllities, transportation and the like) centers nearest destination (see diagram), around 200 million statements go back to and the postal rates that may be collected and to bypass terminals and intermediate customers with return envelopes for the next for its various services. omces where mall formerly was rehandled as month's check. The Post omce leads all departments of many as a dozen times in cross-country The interdependence of business and the Government in the recovery of its costs to transit. postal service is the very core of the NIMS the taxpayers served. Much of its cost­ In less populated areas, the first 3 digits program-nationwide improved mail service. revenue gap results from activities desig­ identify sectional centers, which are main In 275 of our larger cities, 16,000 large busi­ nated by Congress as free public services. focal points for air, rail and highway trans­ ness mailers have joined Mail Users Councils. Among these traditional functions performed portation, and the last 2 digits identify the Through the NIMS program they are reduc­ without charge are: delivery of franked mail local post office or delivery station. In cities ing the after-5 p.m. mail glut by depositing for Members of Congress and other Depart­ that formerly had local postal zones, the first mall throughout the working day-allowing ments and agencies of the Federal Govern­ 3 ZIP code digits establish the city, and the more economical scheduling of manpower ment; delivery of books for the blind; the last 2 designate the former local zone. and machines by the Post omce. annual registration of .aliens; sale of U.S. PARCEL POST ZIPS, TOO Before, over 80 percent of the mail in big savings bonds and stamps, documentary In­ cities was coming into the postal system ternal Revenue stamps for payment of taxes A prime example of how ZIP code and sec­ after 5 p.m.-and the jam-up was getting so on Federal documents, and migratory bird tional center distribution is transforming bad that much of the mall couldn't be handling stamps; assistance in obtaining the mails is a brandnew service called handled in time. to make the final deadline statistice.l data for other Federal Depart­ scheduled parcel post, a project of top for important dispatches. Now, as the re­ ments, distribution of Internal Revenue priority on Postmaster General Gronouski's sult of business cooperation, the volume of forms and civil service information; conducts timetable of postal service improvements. mail coming in after 5 p.m. is less than 43 civil service examinations, locates relatives of Already, in a dozen geographical parts of the percent. country, nearly 5,000 post offices are offering deceased persons for the Armed Forces, cer­ ABCD--SA!4E-DAY DELIVERY tifies widows and children for Government next-day parcel post delivery over wide areas, some of them as large as entire States. Installed in 271 cities is an entirely new benefits; through its rural carriers, surveys service concept, the accelerated business wild fowl population, reports forest fires and Scheduled parcel post is one of the great accomplishments of our time in the postal collection and delivery program (ABCD). distributes livestock and crop acreage survey By careful scheduling of collections and de­ materials, and sometimes used for voter reg­ service. And it works by ZIP code-with the same sectional center distribution being in­ liveries, ABCD gives same-day deliveries in istrations, and most recently, for registration these cities. All mail deposited in the of Job Corps members in the war on poverty. stalled for letter mail. Some of the geographical areas already in­ ABCD collection boxes by 11 a.m. is deliv­ THE SPIRIT OF SERVICE cluded in the nearly 300,000 square miles of ered within the business district by 3 p.m. There is no section of the country, no mat­ scheduled parcel post are southern Mich­ Considering that business generates more ter how remote, where the malls do not pene­ igan, now interchanging with central Ohio; than three-fourths of all first-class mail, trate with scheduled regularity. Symbolic Baltimore, the Chesapeake area, Washington, 4-hour delivery is of tremendous value in of the spirit of service this represents is the D.C., and northern Virginia; northern, cen­ processing vital correspondence during mid­ oft-quoted line paraphrased from Herodotus tral and southern California-with second­ day hours. Nearly 1 billion pieces of U.S. (424 B.C.) which appears on the facade of the day interchanges; southern Illinois and east­ mail per year are now given same-day de­ New York Post omce: "Neither snow, nor ern Missouri, with St. Louis as the hub; the livery by this means. rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these wide expanses of eastern and southern Texas, This program did have some disadvan­ couriers from the swift completion of their including Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, Beau­ tages, however. For example, an Atlanta appointed rounds." mont; all of South Carolina; most of bank had to alert customers to be sure to The creed was a challenge to physical Louisiana. have money in the bank before writing a stamina. and personal determination for colo­ Who is using scheduled parcel post? check, because checks were getting to the nial post riders and the famous pony express. Farmers and nursery growers; manufacturers bank before deposits. Post riders in 1789 were adjured to cover 100 and warehousers of machinery replacement A system for speedier delivery of mail to miles in 24 hours traveling through day and parts; the suppliers of automotive items. tenants of high-rise office buildings is called night, a !eat seldom accomplished when in­ All have found that fewer handlings spell vertical improved mail--or VIM. Under this clement weather turn rustic roads into faster delivery and less damage in transit. program, builders are asked to install a so­ quagmires. Eve.n more than a business-type organiza­ phisticated conveyor system so that postal But, how are these appointed rounds to be tion in Government, the Post omce is a employees, working out of a downstairs man­ service organization to business. Time was room, can dispatch mail to the various floors completed in this modern age of technology as soon as the mail comes in. and ever-growing mall volumes? Surely, na­ when the bulk of mall consisted of individ­ ual correspondence. Today much individual With the advent of ZIP code, which pro­ ture stlll impedes these modern couriers vides an improved transportation routing and personal determlnation and dedication mall, especially within cities, has been system, with the installation of optical scan­ of individuals stlll insure that "the mail superseded by the telephone. ning machines to read and sort letters at the must go through." However, today's post­ Today, 80 percent of the volume is busi­ rate of 36,000 an hour, and with the formu­ men have an increasing arsenal of modern ness mall: magazines, insurance premiums, lation of a transportation policy that is management methods and electronic ma­ credit-card transactions, department store abreast of the time, new service break­ chines at their disposal. bllls and payments, mortgage payments, throughs are in store for the American pub­ These new developments have fathered the automobile payments, dividend checks, and lic. One wonders what Samuel Osgood, first ZIP code (zoning improvement plan) and social security checks. The centralization Postmaster General under the Constitution, completely new patterns of distribution. of accounting by use. of computers has would have thought about the changes Probably the most far-reaching improvement accelerated the trend. wrought by the Post omce in less than two 1n postal service since city deliveries began in Because the United States has more tele­ centuries. Had it been possible for him to 1863, the ZIP code works with 553 sectional phones than any country in the world, the look into the future and see the interde­ centers, or mail massing points, located postal service gets 600 mlllion phone bllls pendence of business growth and the postal strategically across the Nation. to deliver and 600 m1llion checks going back. system of this great Nation, perhaps he would The 5-digit ZIP code identifies every com­ The same is true in almost any other area. join with Postmaster General Gronouski in munity in the 50 States, !rom the smallest We produce 8 million cars a year, we set up this expression of post office philosophy: crossroads hamlet to the largest metropolis. mlllions of accounts, and some of them '"We look upon ourselves as partners in an A natural extension of the old zone system carry over as much as 36 months. Thus, expanding economy. As long as our economy which was limited to about 125 larger cities, around 200 mlllion payments a year go depends heavily upon the malls, we have a the ZIP code enables originating post omces through the mail to automobile sales orga- public trust that we will not fail."

grateful for the light that shines and the never to be browbeaten by threatening SENATE music that sings at the inner altar of our evil, or to surrender to craven fear-that faith. By daily vigils in those cloisters of having done all for a just peace, to stand THURSDAY, JUNE 24, 1965 the spirits, give us clear eyes to discern, steadfastly where honor and duty draw The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m., and without blinding sophistry, the momen­ the line, from which there can be no was called to order by the President pro tous facts of our generation freighted retreat without our being recreant to Thy tempore. with destiny, and undergird us with solemn trust in us. courage to meet them, and dedicated in­ ask The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown We it in the Redeemer's name. Harris, D.D., offered the following telligence to handle them. Amen. prayer: Knowing that all fetters of the mind Mr. CHURCH obtained the floor. and spirit and body, as they desecrate Mr. MANSFIELD. . Mr. President, wUl Our Father, God, in the midst of all human dignity, are an offense to Thee, the Senator yield without losing his right the bamements of our mortal days, we are strengthen our will, we beseech Thee, to the floor?