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Portrait of a Young Nobleman: a Knight of the Order of Calatrava | National

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Portrait of a Young Nobleman: a Knight of the Order of Calatrava | National #01 / 2017 NATIONAL PALACE OF SINTRA PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG NOBLEMAN: A KNIGHT OF THE ORDER OF CALATRAVA #01 / 2017 Fernando Montesinos PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG NOBLEMAN: A KNIGHT OF THE ORDER OF CALATRAVA #01 / 2017 Series editor Inês Ferro, António Nunes Pereira Title National Palace of Sintra. Portrait of a young nobleman: a knight of the Order of Calatrava. Original title Palácio Nacional de Sintra. Retrato de jovem nobre, cavaleiro da ordem de Calatrava. First edition Sintra, November 2017 Editor #01 Fernando Montesinos Texts and images selected by Fernando Montesinos Proofreading of texts by Inês Ferro Support Cláudio Marques, Cláudia Paiva Portuguese-English translation by Per Christopher Foster Proofreading of translation by Carla Ventura, Cláudio Marques Graphic design and layout FPreto / Graphic design for closed and open media Credits © images: the photographers and owners. See picture captions. © texts: the author. © publication: Parques de Sintra-Monte da Lua, S.A. This digital publication is available in Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International Licence (BY-NC-ND). Link: www.parquesdesintra.pt The present licence applies exclusively to the text content of this publication. All text may therefore be circulated, copied and reproduced (with no alteration to the contents), but for personal and non-commercial, educational and research purposes only and always citing its author and provenance. If you alter, transform, adapt, translate or build upon the text content, in whole or in part, you cannot transmit or distribute the modified material without prior permission in writing from the publisher and the author. The figures are excluded from the BY-NC-ND license. No image of this publication may be used, reproduced and manipulated, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without prior permission in writing from the owners of the photographs and/or copyright of the works. In collaboration with Norton Simon Museum Museo Nacional del Prado ISBN 978-989-99815-0-8 (volume 1) cmyk 978-989-99815-3-9 (collection) Published by © Parques de Sintra-Monte da Lua, S.A., 2017 P/B Acknowledgements This monograph is the result of a research project begun in 2013 which would have been impossible without the generous support of colleagues and friends. Of these, I would like to pay special thanks to the team at the Norton Simon Museum (Thomas Norris, Curatorial Associate, Regina Noto, Academic Intern, and Jacqueline M. Chambers, Manager of Rights, Imaging & Curatorial Affairs); Francisco Fernández Izquierdo, researcher and scholar on the Order of Calatrava and Head of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History at the Instituto de Historia of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC; Cristina Pinto Basto, Coordinator of the Royal Library of Ajuda; Gérald Monpas (département des recherches historiques) and Vincent Tuchais (département des services aux usagers) at the Archives de Paris; and Laurence Mille, Head of Drouot Documentation. We would also like to express our gratitude to all the people and institutions who generously collaborated on this project, sharing information, exchanging ideas, facilitating access to documentation essential to the research or freely loaning the images that are reproduced in this publication, thus contributing decisively to the quality of the final work. And in the area of historical archives and libraries, mention should also be made of the assistance and professionalism of all those who helped during the research work. Béatrice Houot João Sabino Archives départementales des Vosges Arquivo Contemporâneo do Ministério das Finanças Miguel F. Gómez Vozmediano Margarida Lages, Anabela Isidro Archivo Histórico Nacional, Sección Nobleza Arquivo e Biblioteca, Instituto Diplomático, Manuel Cañas Moya, Jose Ramón Barroso Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros Archivo Histórico Provincial de Cádiz Odete Martins, Paulo Tremoceiro, Célia Adriano Pablo Andrés Escapa Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo Biblioteca, Palacio Real de Madrid Fátima Gomes Isabel Moreno, José Manuel Sánchez de León Biblioteca da Ajuda Boletín, Real Academia Española Ana Barata J. Pujolas Biblioteca de Arte, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Centre de documentation France-Europe-Monde Ana Pereira Ana Arteaga del Alcazar Biblioteca Municipal de Sintra Condesa de Santiago Luís Montalvão Miguel Ángel Marcos Villán Biblioteca, Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Museo Nacional de Escultura João Carlos Oliveira P. Andrés Valencia Henao Sch. P. Hemeroteca Municipal de Lisboa Ordine dei Padri Scolopi, Roma João Pedro Vieira Jaime Olmedo Ramos Museu do Dinheiro, Banco de Portugal Real Academia de la Historia Virgínia Gomes Sarah Sherman Museu Nacional Machado de Castro Research Library, Getty Research Institute João Vaz, Cristina Neiva Correia, Rosário Jardim, David García Cueto Maria José Gaivão de Tavares Universidad de Granada Palácio Nacional da Ajuda Wifredo Rincón García Hugo Xavier Archivo Español de Arte Palácio Nacional da Pena José Miguel Muñoz Joana Amaral PSML IMAGES LOANED BY COURTESY OF THE FOLLOWING ENTITIES: Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid Museo de Historia de Madrid Patrimonio Nacional, España Museu-Biblioteca da Casa de Bragança The Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisboa Biblioteca Geral, Universidade de Coimbra Museo Nacional de Escultura, Valladolid Biblioteca Pública del Estado en Guadalajara National Portrait Gallery, London Drouot Documentation, Paris Palácio Nacional da Ajuda, Lisboa Fundación Casa Ducal de Medinaceli Real Biblioteca, Palacio Real de Madrid Fundación Yannick y Ben Jakober, Mallorca The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Hemeroteca Municipal de Lisboa The Hispanic Society of America, New York Instituto de Valencia de Don Juan, Madrid The State Hermitage Museum #01 / 2017 Contents 7 PRESENTATIONS 7 Manuel Baptista 9 Sofia Cruz 11 INTRODUCTION 11 Inês Ferro 14 CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH SOURCES AND CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE PORTRAIT 40 IDENTIFICATION OF THE YOUNG KNIGHT FROM KING SEBASTIÃO TO THE COUNT OF SALDAÑA 48 Biography 51 Genealogy 60 SUGGESTED DATING 72 A PORTRAIT IN PRINCELY TONES 102 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 107 Between Steel and Gold 110 BY EXPRESS ORDER OF THE QUEEN 136 A PORTRAIT OF KING SEBASTIÃO THAT NEVER WAS AND A CONNECTION TO PANTOJA THAT ALWAYS EXISTED 156 FINAL SUMMARY THE PORTRAIT IN THE WRITTEN SOURCES 1867-2016 166 SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY PRESENTATIONS Parques de Sintra - Monte da Lua, S.A. (PSML) is responsible for managing the most important natural and cultural sites located within the Sintra Cultural Landscape and Queluz, encompassing, amongst other monuments, the National Palaces of Sintra, Queluz and Pena. Included in its mission statement, therefore, is the objective to conserve, catalogue, research and divulge the cultural assets in its safekeeping, four pillars of the museological work of these palaces that ensure the safeguarding and enhancement of the integrated and movable cultural heritage. Since this heritage was transferred into its care in 2012, PSML has invested in particular in its renovation, requalification and revitalisation and in improving its accessibility, both in terms of physical access to its visitor circuit and access to information on the collection open to the public. Providing information on the collections exhibited at the palaces is therefore one of the priorities of dissemination and visitor support. In the knowledge that the Internet and new technologies have radically changed the way in which people seek and relate to cultural heritage, PSML has manifested a special interest in digital media. This is especially noticeable in the case of MatrizNet, a collective online catalogue of Portugal’s national museums and palaces which currently allows access to around 4,634 inventory records on the movable cultural assets in the collections of the Palaces of Sintra, Queluz and Pena; participation in international projects such as Europeana, Museum With No Frontiers and Google Art Project; and the multimedia guide Talking Heritage. The latter is a free app for mobile devices that enables users to freely engage with and use the available multimedia content, incorporating inclusive resources such as sign language, spoken texts, gesture-based controls and geolocalisation, alongside 360º panoramic views with active items of interest, high-definition images and texts written by experts. 7 To these digital resources, which contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of the collections, is now added a publishing project designed to convey the results of recent research on the holdings of the Palaces of Sintra, Queluz and Pena – or others intimately linked to the royal family and its life in these places – in a thorough, didactic and accessible manner, combining appealing high-quality graphics with the markedly scientific component of the information. These publications consist of free and free-to-access monographs published and distributed in digital format in Portuguese, English and Spanish, creating a novel project within the context of the national palaces. Manuel Baptista Chairman of the Board of Directors Parques de Sintra - Monte da Lua, S.A. 8 BACK TO CONTENTS The National Palace of Sintra, a royal residence for almost eight centuries, conserves and exhibits a remarkable collection of paintings, furniture, ceramics, sculptures, textiles and metal objects from the 15th to the 19th century, most of which stemming from the Portuguese royal collections, alongside an
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