Europa XXI 7 (2002) : Slovakia and Poland : Urban, Social and Demographic Questions, Relations Between Neighbours
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POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STANISLAW LESZCZYCKI INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES EUROPA XXI EUROPA XXI jest wydawnictwem Instytutu Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospo- darowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN, EUROPA XXI w którym od 1997 r. działa Centrum Studiów Polska Akademia Nauk Europejskich (CSE). Zgodnie ze schematem organizacyjnym Instytutu, obowiązującym od Instytut Geografii 1 lipca 2001 r., CSE jest międzyzakładowym i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania zespołem studyjnym, stanowiącym bezpośred- im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego nie zaplecze wydawnictwa EUROPA XXI. Centrum Studiów Europejskich Pozycję wydawnictwa umacnia ogólnopolska Rada Redakcyjna, powołana z dniem 7 marca 2001 r. Redaktor: Maciej Jakubowski Celem wydawnictwa i działalności ze- Sekretarz Redakcji: Ewa Korcelli-Olejniczak społu CSE jest promowanie i upowszechnianie Redaktor techniczny: Barbara Jaworska wyników badań oraz prac dotyczących geogra- ficznych aspektów procesów, jakie obejmują kontynent europejski, w tym zwłaszcza Europę Rada Redakcyjna Środkowo-Wschodnią; przestrzennych prze- mian wynikających z uczestnictwa Polski Marcin Rościszewski (Warszawaj w europejskich procesach integracyjnych oraz rozwoju wzajemnych powiązań Polski Marek Dutkowski (Gdańsk) z krajami sąsiednimi. Wanda E. Gaczek (Poznań) Jacek Głowacki (Warszawa) Jerzy Grzeszczak (Warszawa) Marek Koter (Łódź) * * * Piotr Szeliga (Warszawa) Krzysztof Wojciechowski (Lublin) EUROPA XXI is a publication of the Stanislaw Leszczycki Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of the Polish Acad- emy of Sciences, and is the main effect of the activity of the Centre for European Studies (CES), which functions since 1997. According to the organizational scheme of the Institute Wydawca: IGiPZ PAN valid since July 2001, the CES is an interde- partmental study group. The national-wide Adres redakcji: Editorial Board established on March 7. 2001 00-818 Warszawa consolidates the position of the bulletin. ul. Twarda 51/55 The goal of the bulletin is to promote tel. (48-22) 69 78 849 and disseminate the results of research on: spa- fax (48-22) 620 62 21 tial aspects of socio-economic processes taking place in Europe, in particular in Central and www.igipz.pan.pl/cbe Eastern Europe, spatial changes resulting from e-mail :[email protected] Poland's integration with the EU as well as Poland's interrelations with the neighbouring countries. ISSN- 1429-7132 http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STANISLAW LESZCZYCKI INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN STUDIES POLISH GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY ACADEMIC UNIT EUROPA XXI 7 Slovakia and Poland Urban, social and demographic questions Relations between neighbours Edited by Tomasz Komornicki Halina Powçska WARSZAWA 2002 http://rcin.org.pl Volume reviewed by Tadeusz Palmowski Volume co-financed by the State Committee for Scientific Research http://rcin.org.pl EUROPA XXI 7 2002 Table of Contents From the Editors • Poland and Slovakia - neighbours in Central Europe - Introduction 5 Ewa Korcelli-Olejniczak • On the need and significance of co-operation between Polish and Slovak geographers 7 Tomasz Komornicki, Halina Powqska Part I: Social and demographic questions Interregional migration in Slovakia, 1981-98 11 Anton Bezak Regional aspects of life expectancy in Slovakia 25 Anton Michałek • Population ageing in Slovakia 35 Peter Podolák • Spatial disaggregation and spatial disparities: unemployment in Slovakia 47 Vladimir Székely • The denominational structure of the Hungarians inhabiting Slovakia 71 Dariusz Świątek Part II: Changes of urban functions • Selected problems of sustainable development in Polish towns 77 Bożena Degórska • The office space investments and the development of the management space in Warsaw in the period of transformation (1989-2001) 87 Przemysław Śleszyński • New dimensions of socio-spatial differentiation in Polish towns 99 Grzegorz Węcławowicz Part III: Slovaks and Poles - Neighbours in Central Europe • The contacts of the inhabitants of Poland with Slovakia in the light of survey studies 107 Tomasz Komornicki • The phenomenon of the Polish part of Spisz and Orawa 113 Mariusz Kowalski • Development of the new tourist space of the Western Carpathian Mts. in the 1990s 121 Marek Więckowski • Administrative division in Poland 131 Piotr Eberhardt http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl Poland and Slovakia - neighbours in Central Europe Introduction Ewa Korcelli-Olejniczak With the beginning of the 21st century, Central Europe. These phenomena are to be European integration has entered the stage of followed both in the general context of processes "intensification" and internal reforms within the taking place on the European continent and in the present borders of the European Union, and at the context of the integration of Central Europe with same time the stage of "enlargement" towards the the European structures. East. In the face of global challenges and threats, One of the most important goals of the Eastern and Western parts of the continent put EUROPA XXI, as pointed out in the editorial note forth all sources of their integrative force. The on the front page of the bulletin, is to follow "the calculation of economic profits, which at the end of development of (Poland's) co-operation with the the previous century shaded the idealistic neighbouring countries", both from the angle of foundation of European integration, today has to European integrative processes and the domestic compete with political slogans, as the "renaissance and regional problems of the countries concerned. of politics" becomes a fact (Kleinert, Mosdorf Therefore, to conform to this task, the 1998). The revival of political arguments was still bulletin EUROPA XXI for the first time ventures intensified by the events of September 11, 2001. into the issue of neighbourly co-operation and links The enlargement of the EU to the East is to be between Poland and Slovakia. instrumental to the strengthening of democracy in On April 17-19, a Polish-Slovak seminar the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, so that took place at the Institute of Geography and Spatial this part of the continent becomes a region of Organization, on the Changes in the socio-ecoomic political and economic stability. This intention space in Poland and Slovakia on the eve of the XX seems particularly important in the face of global and XXI century. The papers presented at the menaces. seminar constitute the basis of the present issue of In the face of the EU-Enlargement to the EUROPA XXI. Comprehensive articles by Polish East, Central Europe is becoming a region, which and Slovak authors focus in particular on change in draws particular attention. It is a region, which the urban, social and demographic space. The undergoes fundamental changes, gradually similarities and analogies in the processes taking fulfilling the conditions of accession, transforming place in Poland and Slovakia, the need to combine its socio-economic space, conforming itself to the efforts in seeking solutions of problems regarding new position. It is a strongly differentiated region, both countries and finding ways to strengthen at the same time revealing a distinct homogeneity neighbourly relations between Poland and Slovakia, through the similarity of its features. It is therefore and finally the careful look at these problems from an important scientific task to follow these the broad perspective of European integration, are processes, also from the comparative viewpoint, only some of the aspects of future studies, the seeking differences and analogies, considering both urgent need of which is revealed by this volume. A the cognitive and practical usability of the special place should be occupied here by knowledge, which may serve the solution of comparative studies, which define the plane of problems present in the countries of this region. competition and the development of According to the intentions of the Editors complementary functions between Poland and and especially the first Editor-in-Chief of this Slovakia in the region. bulletin Professor Marcin Rosciszewski, one of the Obviously, the intensification of scientific goals of the series EUROPA XXI, is tracing spatial contacts in the field of geographical studies changes and questions of transformation in East and between the two countries, which the seminar made http://rcin.org.pl5 possible, will surely result in further research References: initiatives. An important aim of such studies is surely the development of regional consciousness, Głowacki J., 1998, Bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne in the supranational meaning of the notion. The w procesie transformacji gospodarczej Republiki development of international co-operation, positive Czeskiej (Foreign direct investments and the process of economic transformation in the Czech competition and complementary functions, which Republic), EUROPA XXI, 2, 5-54. may support the development of particular Grzeszczak J., 2001, Unia Europejska: dylematy functions, can contribute to the consolidation of the konwergencji regionalnej (The European Union: position of Poland and Slovakia in the region of Dilemmas of regional convergence), EUROPA Central Europe, and at the same time the XXI, 6, 7-34. consolidation of the role of Central Europe in the Jakubowski M., 2001, Integracja europejska: spójność European Union of tomorrow. i konwergencja czy akceptacja zwiększonej różnorodności (European integration: cohesion and convergence