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Xxiii. Flora De Coahuila 2 Listados Florísticos De México

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Xxiii. Flora De Coahuila 2 Listados Florísticos De México LISTADOS FLORÍSTICOS DE MÉXICO XXIII. FLORA DE COAHUILA 2 LISTADOS FLORÍSTICOS DE MÉXICO XXIII. FLORA DE COAHUILA José Ángel Villarreal Quintanilla INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO MÉXICO, D.F. 2001 3 Primera edición: diciembre de 2001 D.R. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología, UNAM Apartado postal 70-233 04510 México, D.F. ISBN 968-36-1004-8 (serie) ISBN 968-36-9771-2 Dirección del autor: José Ángel Villarreal Quintanilla Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Saltillo, Coahuila. Listados florísticos de México XXIII. Flora de Coahuila Editor responsable: Fernando Chiang Cabrera 4 CONTENIDO AGRADECIMIENTOS .......................................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................................ 9 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA ................................................................................................................................... 9 RESULTADOS .....................................................................................................................................................10 Colectores ...................................................................................................................................................11 LISTA FLORÍSTICA .............................................................................................................................................15 Pteridophyta ...............................................................................................................................................15 Pinophyta ....................................................................................................................................................19 Magnoliophyta ............................................................................................................................................21 Liliopsida (Monocotyledoneae) ...............................................................................................................21 Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledoneae) .............................................................................................................41 LITERATURA REVISADA ................................................................................................................................. 133 LISTA DE FAMILIAS ........................................................................................................................................ 137 5 6 AGRADECIMIENTOS Al biólogo Miguel Agustín Carranza Pérez, por la captura de información y su colaboración con la familia Fabaceae. A los doctores Guy Nesom y Billie L. Turner por permitir la consul- ta de la colección del herbario TEX/LL. Al doctor José Luis Villaseñor por su revisión de la lista de la familia Asteraceae y al doctor Jesús Valdés Reyna por la revisión de la familia Poaceae. Al doctor Lincoln Constance por la revisión de la familia Apiaceae y Araliaceae. Al ingeniero Juan Antonio Encina Domínguez por su aportación de información sobre la familia Fagaceae. Al doctor Jorge S. Marroquín por la revisión de la familia Berberidaceae. Al doctor Hugh H. Iltis la de la familia Capparaceae y al doctor J. M. Porter la de la familia Polemoniaceae. A los doctores James Henrickson y Marshall C. Johnston por permitirme revisar su valioso trabajo sobre la flora de la región del Desierto Chihuahuense y a los doctores Thomas L. Wendt y Fernando Chiang por la revisión del manuscrito. El último hizo numerosas correcciones a la ortografía de los nombres científicos y a la de los autores de esos nombres. Sin embargo, los errores que puedan encontrarse son responsabilidad mía. 7 8 INTRODUCCIÓN La lista florística de las plantas vasculares del es- El primer intento por recopilar la flora del tado de Coahuila pretende presentar la infor- estado y áreas circundantes está en el trabajo rea- mación conocida de los grupos taxonómicos lizado por Ivan M. Johnston, publicado en 1944. existentes en el área. Coahuila es un estado bien Johnston, gran conocedor de la flora, inició esta colectado, sobre todo en las partes sur y centro, recopilación que quedó inconclusa. Los traba- pero en sus numerosas sierras y valles, siguen jos regionales como los del área de Cuatro encontrándose nuevos registros. Es sobresalien- Ciénegas por Donald J. Pinkava (1979-1981), sie- te el número de endemismos, el mayor para los rra de la Paila por José A. Villarreal (1994), sierra estados que forman parte del área del Desierto de Parras por Andrés Rodríguez et al. (1994) y el Chihuahuense. sureste del estado por James y George Hinton La lista es resultado de la recopilación bi- (1995) han permitido conocer la flora con más bliográfica, la consulta del material depositado detalle. El personal del herbario ANSM ha co- en el herbario ANSM y consultas parciales de las lectado intensivamente en gran parte del esta- colecciones de los herbarios MEXU y TEX-LL. do, contando actualmente con una buena repre- Los ejemplares de herbario se identificaron con sentación de la flora. De gran utilidad para la el mayor cuidado posible, mientras que los nom- revisión del presente listado han sido el Manual bres que se tomaron de la bibliografía se dan of the vascular plants of Texas de Donovan S. como están registrados. El trabajo incluye la re- Correll y Marshall C. Johnston (1970), así como visión de los trabajos previos de Ivan M. Johnston, el manuscrito aún no publicado A flora of the la lista de colecta de Ernest Marsh y listas parcia- Chihuahuan Desert region de James Henrickson les de las colectas de Marshall C. Johnston y James y Marshall C. Johnston (1997). Henrickson. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA El estado de Coahuila está compuesto por 38 Paleozoico hasta el Cuaternario. Las más típicas municipios, con una superficie total de son las calizas del Mesozoico. Estas rocas se ven 151 578.37 km2, ocupa el 7.8 por ciento de la afectadas por intensos plegamientos, afallamientos superficie nacional y en extensión es la tercera e intrusiones. La posición de los plegamientos es de las entidades del territorio de México (SPP, en dirección este-oeste en el sur del estado, y 1983). Se localiza entre los 24° 32' 13" y 29° 52' noreste-sureste en el resto. Asimismo, las sierras 47" de latitud N y los 99° 50' 30" y 103° 57' 03" de se orientan preferentemente en tales direccio- longitud O (fig. 1.). Limita al norte con el esta- nes. Existen diversas regiones en el estado que do de Texas, por el oriente con Nuevo León, se componen de rocas ígneas con edades que por el sur con Zacatecas, al sureste con San Luis varían desde el Triásico hasta el Cuaternario Potosí, por el suroeste con Durango y por el (SSP, 1983). poniente con Chihuahua. Clima Geología De acuerdo con García (1973), el clima varía entre El territorio coahuilense se constituye en su los BSw y BSs, que son los climas secos esteparios mayor extensión de rocas sedimentarias, mari- y desérticos, en la mayor parte del estado y el Cw nas y continentales con edades que datan del o clima templado en las partes altas de la sierra. 9 En general, la precipitación para todo el es- I. Matorral desértico chihuahuense tado es escasa la mayor parte del año, con isoyetas 1) Matorral micrófilo de 200 y 300 mm; la temperatura es extremosa, 2) Matorral rosetófilo la humedad atmosférica baja y la evaporación 3) Izotal elevada. Es un clima muy extremoso, con vera- 4) Matorrales halófilo y gipsófilo nos calurosos e inviernos fríos. II. Matorral tamaulipeco III. Matorral submontano Vegetación IV. Bosque de montaña 1) Bosque de encino El estado de Coahuila, de acuerdo con la revi- 2) Bosque de pino sión hecha por Villarreal y Valdés (1992-93) com- 3) Bosque de oyamel prende seis tipos de vegetación y doce comuni- 4) Vegetación alpina-subalpina dades vegetales, los cuales se enumeran a V. Zacatal continuación: VI. Vegetación riparia, subacuática y acuática RESULTADOS La lista florística de las plantas vasculares de plares tipo marcados con un asterisco y la colec- Coahuila consta de 147 familias, 923 géneros, ta en negritas. Se siguió el sistema de clasifica- 3039 especies que adicionadas a los 168 taxa ción de Cronquist et al. (1966) para nombres de infraespecíficos adicionales hacen un total de categorías de división y clase; Cronquist (1981) 3207 taxa para el estado. para magnoliofitas y Crabbe et al. (1975) para he- El listado incluye nombre científico de la lechos y grupos afines a helechos (pteridofitas). especie, los sinónimos más importantes de la Las categorías de familia, género y especie en especie entre paréntesis, las colectas arregladas cada grupo, se presentan en secuencia alfabética. por su localización en los municipios, los ejem- Cuadro 1. Principales grupos componentes de la flora vascular de Coahuila División Familias Géneros Especies Taxa infraespecíficos adicionales* Pteridophyta 10 24 88 2 Pinophyta 4 10 41 Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida 114 730 2 365 146 Liliopsida 19 159 545 20 Totales 147 923 3 039 168 *Los taxa infraespecíficos adicionales son los que al haber más de un taxon infraespecífico por especie, incrementan el número florístico de la lista 10 Figura 1. El estado de Coahuila y su división municipal. 1. Abasolo, 2. Acuña, 3. Allende, 4. Arteaga, 5. Candela, 6. Castaños, 7. Cuatro Ciénegas, 8. Escobedo, 9. Francisco I. Madero, 10. Frontera, 11. General Cepeda,
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