Chapter 9 Present Status and Conservation of the Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis ) Pratibha, Seema Jain and Nisha Rana Department of Zoology, R.G.P.G. College, Meerut, U.P.



ABSTRACT 6JG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQU 4JKPQEGTQUWPKEQTPKU CNUQECNNGFVJGőITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQEGTQUŒQT ő#UKCPQPGJQTPGFTJKPQEGTQUŒDGNQPIUVQVJGHCOKN[4JKPQEGTQVKFCG+VKUCUOCNNURGEKGUQHTJKPQEGTQU 6JG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUIGVUKVUEQOOQPPCOGHTQOVJGHCEVVJCVKVJCUQPN[QPGJQTPTCVJGTVJCPVYQ 4JKPQEGTQUKUHTQO)TGGMYQTFUTJKPQHQTőPQUGŒCPFEGTQUOGCPKPIőJQTPŒWPKEQTPKUKUHTQO.CVKP YQTFUWPKOGCPKPIőQPGŒCPFEQTPKUOGCPKPIőJQTPŒ 6JG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUJCUQPGJQTPYJKEJKV uses for defence, intimidation, digging up roots and breaking branches during feeding. This animal JCUWPKSWGŎCTOQWTRNCVKPIŏCRRGCTCPEGCPFVJG[JCXGCRTGJGPUKNGWRRGTNKROWEJNKMGVJCVQHVJG DNCEMTJKPQYJKEJCUUKUVUKPHQTCIKPI4JKPQEGTQUWPKEQTPKUKUVJGſHVJNCTIGUVCPFCNUQVJGNCTIGUVQH the Asian rhino species. This species is now listed as a vulnerable species.

Keywords *CDKVCV4JKPQEGTQU9CNNQYKPI

Introduction 6JG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQU TJKPQ KURTKOCTKN[HQWPFKPPQTVJGCUVGTP+PFKCŏU#UUCO CPFKPRTQVGEVGFCTGCUKPVJG6GTCKQH0GRCNYJGTGRQRWNCVKQPUCTGEQPſPGFVQ VJGTKXGTKPGITCUUNCPFUKPVJGHQQVJKNNUQHVJG*KOCNC[CU6JGRTGHGTTGFJCDKVCVQH CP+PFKCP4JKPQEGTQUKUCNNWXKCNƀQQFRNCKPUCPFCTGCUEQPVCKPKPIVCNNITCUUNCPFU CNQPIVJGHQQVJKNNUQHVJG*KOCNC[CU4JKPQRQRWNCVKQPUYGTGUGXGTGN[FGRNGVGF CUVJG[YGTGJWPVGFHQTURQTVCPFMKNNKPICUCITKEWNVWTCNRGUVU6JKURWUJGFVJG URGEKGUXGT[ENQUGN[VQGZVKPEVKQPKPVJGGCTN[ th EGPVWT[CPFD[VJGTGYGTG  Wildlife Management: Concept Analysis and Conservation

QPN[KPFKXKFWCNUUWTXKXKPIKPVJGYQTNF+P+PFKCTJKPQUCTGHQWPFKP-C\KTCPIC 1TCPI2QDKVCTC,CNFCRCTC&WFJYC6JCPMUVQTKIQTQWUEQPUGTXCVKQPGHHQTVUVJGKT PWODGTUJCXGKPETGCUGFFTCOCVKECNN[UKPEG$[EQPUGTXCVKQPGHHQTVUUCY VJGRQRWNCVKQPITQYVQQXGTKPVJG6GTCK#TE.CPFUECRGQH+PFKCCPF0GRCN CPFVJGITCUUNCPFUQH#UUCOCPFPQTVJ$GPICNKPPQTVJGCUV+PFKC Systematic Position 2J[NWO  %JQTFCVC 5WDRJ[NWO 8GTVGDTCVC 5WRGTENCUU 6GVTCRQFC %NCUU  /COOCNKC Subclass: Theria +PHTCENCUU 'WVJGTKC Order: Perissodactyla (COKN[  4JKPQEGTQVKFCG Genus: 4JKPQEGTQU 5RGEKGU  unicornis External Morphology and Physical Features

 Size and Weight /CNG+PFKCPTJKPQUYGKIJVCRRTQZKOCVGN[MI PGCTN[RQWPFU CPF TCPIGKPJGKIJVHTQOŌEO ŌKPEJGU CPFCTGŌEO ŌKPEJGU  NQPI(GOCNGUCTGUOCNNGTYGKIJKPIQPN[MI RQWPFU CPFUVCPFKPI ŌEO ŌKPEJGU VCNN(GOCNG+PFKCPTJKPQUCTGŌEO Ō KPEJGU NQPI6JGCXGTCIGJGKIJVKUCDQWVEO HVKP YKVJCIKTVJQHEO HV 9JKNGCHWNN[ITQYPOCNGTJKPQYGKIJUCTQWPFŌMICHGOCNG YGKIJUCTQWPFMI Skin Colour They have an ashy grey, hairless, knobby, leathery, hard and thick skin which FGXGNQRUVJKEMHQNFUTGUGODNKPICTOQWTRNCVKPI5GXGTCNRTQOKPGPVHQNFUQHUMKP RTQVGEVVJGPGEM6JGUMKPJCUCOCZKOWOVJKEMPGUUQHHQWTEOVJGUWDEWVCPGQWU HCVKUEOVJKEMCPFYGNNUWRRNKGFYKVJDNQQFYJKEJJGNRUKPVJGTOQTGIWNCVKQP UQVJCVVJGCPKOCNKUCDNGVQTGIWNCVGKVUQYPDQF[VGORGTCVWTGKPXCT[KPIYGCVJGT EQPFKVKQPU$GVYGGPVJGHQNFUCTQWPFVJGUVQOCEJVJGKPPGTNGIUCPFVJGHCEKCN area, the skin is rather soft and thin. Hairs *CKTUHQWPFQPN[CVVJGVKRQHVJGVCKNCTQWPFVJGGCTUCPFG[GNKFU The Horn #UKPINGJQTPUKVUQPVQRQHVJGKTUPQWVCPFVJGKTWRRGTNKRKUUGOKRTGJGPUKNG 6JGJQTPQHVJG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUKUV[RKECNN[ŌEONQPICPFYGKIJVWRVQ Present Status and Conservation of the Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) 

MI6JGJQTPECPITQYWRVQEO KPEJGU +VJCUVJGUCOGJQTPUVTWEVWTGCU VJGJQQXGUQHJQTUGCPFTGITQYUKHDTQMGPQHH+VKUOCFGHTQOCUWDUVCPEGECNNGF keratin and is, therefore, very strong. Other Sense Organs 6JG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUJCUTGNCVKXGN[RQQTG[GUKIJVTGN[KPIOQTGQPJGCTKPI CPFUOGNNVQFGVGEVYJCVKUIQKPIQPCTQWPFVJGO6JGGCTUQHVJG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQU RQUUGUUCTGNCVKXGN[YKFGTQVCVKQPCNTCPIGVQFGVGEVUQWPFUCPFCPGZEGNNGPVUGPUG QHUOGNNVQTGCFKN[CNGTVVJGOVQVJGRTGUGPEGQHRTGFCVQTU Teeth #NVJQWIJVJGKTJQTPOC[PQVDGCUNQPICUQVJGTYGNNMPQYPURGEKGUQHTJKPQ )TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUJCXGXGT[NQPINQYGTKPEKUQTVGGVJVJCVECPDGWUGFKP ſIJVKPICPFVQKPƀKEVFGGRYQWPFU+POCNGUVJG[ECPITQYWRVQEONQPI Food and Feeding )TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUKUJGTDKXQTWU VJG[CTGRTKOCTKN[ITC\GTU CPKOCN CPFGCVQPCPCXGTCIGRGTEGPVQHVJGKTDQF[YGKIJVFCKN[CPFCTGMPQYPVQUYKO HQTVJGKTHQQF6JG[UWUVCKPVJGOUGNXGUQPCRWTGN[RNCPVDCUGFFKGVCPFHGGFQP FGPUGN[XGIGVCVGFUWDVTQRKECNHQTGUVHQTHTWKVUƀQYGTUDWFUNGCXGUCPFDTCPEJGU QHVTGGUCPFUJTWDUITCUUUWDOGTIGFCPFƀQCVKPICSWCVKERNCPVUCPFCITKEWNVWTCN ETQRUDGTTKGUCPFTQQVUYJKEJVJG[FKIWRHTQOITQWPFWUKPIVJGKTJQTP

 Social Behaviour and Territorial Behaviour )TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUCTGWUWCNN[UQNKVCT[ETGCVWTGUGZEGRVYJGPUWD CFWNVQTCFWNVOCNGUICVJGTCVYCNNQYUQTVQITC\GCPFHGOCNGUYKVJUOCNNECNXGU /CNGUJCXGNQQUGN[FGſPGFVGTTKVQTKGUYJGTGVJG[NKXGCNQPGCPFYJKEJVJG[FGHGPF CIITGUUKXGN[DWVOC[QXGTNCRYKVJQVJGTVGTTKVQTKGU6JGVGTTKVQTKGUEJCPIGCEEQTFKPI VQHQQFCXCKNCDKNKV[KPTGNCVKQPVQVJGEWTTGPVUGCUQP6JGHGOCNGOQXGUKPCPFQWV of these territories as they like. If food is abundant within an area, it is not unusual VQUGGUGXGTCNCPKOCNUCNNITC\KPIENQUGVQIGVJGT Forest Paths and Scent-marking 6JG[VGPFVQWUGVJGUCOGRCVJYJKEJCTGOCTMGFD[CUEGPVINCPFQPVJG DQVVQOQHVJGKTHGGVŎ/KFFGPUŏ TJKPQFWPIJGCRU  UGTXGCUEQOOWPKECVKQP RQKPVUCPFOCTMVGTTKVQTKCNDQWPFCTKGU5GXGTCNCPKOCNUQHVGPFGHGECVGCVVJGUCOG URQV5WEJCFWPIJGCRECPDGEQOGWRVQſXGOGVTGUYKFGCPFQPGOGVTGJKIJ #HVGTFGHGECVKPIITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUUETCVEJVJGKTJKPFHGGVKPVJGFWPI CPFEQPVKPWGVQYCNMVJG[őVTCPURQTVŒVJGKTQYPUOGNNCTQWPFVJGRCVJUVJWU GUVCDNKUJKPICUEGPVOCTMGFVTCKNVJCVKUENCKOGFD[VJGTJKPQKPSWGUVKQP Wallowing /WFYCNNQYUECPDGRNCEGUYJGTGUGXGTCNKPFKXKFWCNUOGGVCUCMKPFQHUQEKCN ICVJGTKPI#HVGTYCTFUVJG[UGRCTCVGCICKP$[EQXGTKPIVJGKTUMKPKPOWFVJKU CKFUVJGTOQTGIWNCVKQPD[RTGXGPVKPIQXGTJGCVKPICPFCNUQUWHHQECVGUCP[VKEMUQT RCTCUKVGUVJCVCTGGODGFFGFQPVJGUWTHCEGQHVJGUMKP  Wildlife Management: Concept Analysis and Conservation

Sounds 4JKPQEGTQUECPEQOOWPKECVGYKVJFKHHGTGPVUQWPFUQHYJKEJHTGSWGPVN[ used are snorts, honks and roars. Running Speed +VECPTWPMOJTCUHCUVCUCPFCTGXGT[CIKNGFGURKVGVJGKTDWNM[UJCRG CPFUK\GYJKNGKVECPTWPCVURGGFUQHWRVQMOJTHQTUJQTVRGTKQFUQHVKOG+V KUCNUQCPGZEGNNGPVUYKOOGT Swimming 6JG[CTGXGT[IQQFUYKOOGTUCPFECPFKXGCPFHGGFWPFGTYCVGTUGGOKPIN[ GPLQ[KPIVJGEQQNYGVGNGOGPVUQHVJGUWTTQWPFKPINCMGUCPFTKXGTKPGUQHVJGKT habitats. Longevity )TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUNKXGUQPCPCXGTCIGWRVQŌ[GCTUKPVJGYKNF YJKNGVJGNQPIGXKV[TGEQTFHQTVJQUGKPECRVKXKV[KUŌ[GCTU Breeding Sexual Maturity $TGGFKPIVCMGURNCEGCVCNNVKOGUQHVJG[GCT The Indian rhinoceros is solitary CPKOCNCPFQPN[EQOGUVQIGVJGTYKVJQVJGT+PFKCPTJKPQUVQOCVG(GOCNGUUVCTVU DTGGFKPIYJGPŌ[GCTUQNFCPFOCNGUCTGWUWCNN[UGZWCNN[OCVWTGYJGPŌ [GCTUQNF#HGOCNGYKNNNGCXGCICRQHCTQWPFŌ[GCTUDGVYGGPECNXGU Gestation Period 6JKUKUDGVYGGPOQPVJU Birth 6JGHGOCNG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUIKXGUDKTVJVQCUKPINGECNHCHVGTCIGUVCVKQPRGTKQF VJCVKUQXGTC[GCTNQPI,WUVCUHGOCNGKUTGCF[VQIKXGDKTVJVJGHGOCNGYKNNſPFC UQNKVCT[SWKGVURCEGVQECNXG6JGECNHTGOCKPUYKVJKVUOQVJGTHQTVJGſTUV[GCTCPF CJCNHQHKVUNKHGDGHQTGDGKPITGLGEVGF#VDKTVJCITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQECNHKU CTQWPFEONQPICPFYGKIJUCUOWEJCUŌMI Parental Care/Maternal Calves #ECNHFTKPMUQPCXGTCIGŌNKVTGUQHOKNMRGTFC[CPFITQYUD[ŌMIFCKN[ 6JG[UVCTVPKDDNKPIHGGFKPIQPTQWIJCIGCVVJGCIGQHŌOQPVJUCPFEQPVKPWGVQ UWEMWRVQVJGCIGQHOQPVJUKPUQOGECUGU Habit and Habitat )TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUCTGUGOKCSWCVKEUQNKVCT[CPFCTGQHVGPUGGPVQVCMG WRTGUKFGPEGKPUYCORUHQTGUVUCPFTKXGTUKFGUVTQRKECNCPFUWDVTQRKECNITCUUNCPF savannas, deserts and shrub land. Present Status and Conservation of the Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)  Distribution 6JKUCPKOCNKUHQWPFKP+PFKCCPF0GRCNCPFRCTVKEWNCTN[KPVJGHQQVJKNNUQH VJG*KOCNC[CU+PVJGRCUVITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUTQCOGFHTGGN[KPVJGCNNWXKCN ƀQQFRNCKPUVCNNITCUUNCPFCPFHQTGUVUCNQPIUKFGVJG$TCJOCRWVTC)CPIGUCPF +PFWU4KXGTXCNNG[6QFC[VJGURGEKGUKUTGUVTKEVGFVQUOCNNJCDKVCVUKP+PFQ0GRCN VGTCK0QTVJ$GPICNCPF#UUCO Population Status 6QFC[VJG+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUKUCXWNPGTCDNGCPKOCNCPFJCUDGGPRWUJGFKPVQ QPN[CUOCNNHTCEVKQPQHKVUJKUVQTKECNVGTTKVQT[D[JWOCPJWPVGTUCPFFGHQTGUVCVKQP 6JGTGCTGCTQWPF+PFKCPTJKPQEGTQUKPFKXKFWCNUNGHVKPVJGYKNFVYQVJKTFUQH YJKEJCTGDGNKGXGFVQDGKPVJG#UUCOTGIKQPQH+PFKC  +PYGTGTGEQTFGF KP#UUCO -C\KTCPIC0CVKQPCN2CTM%JKVYCP0CVKQPCN2CTM CNQPGCPKPETGCUGD[ RGTEGPVUKPEGCNVJQWIJKPGCTN[U#UUCOJCFCDQWVTJKPQUQPN[ 2QRWNCVKQPUVCVWUKP+PFKC-C\KTCPIC0CVKQPCN2CTM=/CTEJ?ŌTJKPQU 2CDKVQTC9KNFNKHG5CPEVWCT[=/CTEJ?Ō1TCPI0CVKQPCN2CTM=/CTEJ? Ō/CPCU6KIGT4GUGTXG=/CTEJ?Ō VTCPUNQECVGFHTQO2CDKVQTCCPF -C\KTCPICUKPEG %WTTGPVN[TJKPQEGTQUYGTGTGEQTFGFKPYKNFYJGTGCU +PFKCP4JKPQYGTGTGEQTFGFKPECRVKXKV[ #VVJGGPFQH  Reasons for Depletion and Threat 6QFC[VJGPGGFHQTNCPFD[VJGITQYKPIJWOCPRQRWNCVKQPKUCVJTGCVVQVJG URGEKGU/CP[QHVJGRTQVGEVGFCTGCUYJGTGTJKPQUJCXGPQYTGCEJGFVJGNKOKVQHVJG PWODGTQHKPFKXKFWCNUVJG[ECPUWRRQTV6JKUCPKOCNKUPQYHCEKPIUGXGTCNVJTGCVU FWGVQKNNGICNJWPVKPIRQCEJKPINQUUQHJCDKVCVGVE5QOGQHVJGUGCTGCUHQNNQYU Hunting and Poaching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llegal Wildlife Trade &GURKVGRTQVGEVKQPUCPFDCPUQPKPVGTPCVKQPCNVTCFGQHTJKPQJQTPGZVGPUKXG KNNGICNVTCFGRGTUKUVUVJTQWIJQWV#UKC#NVJQWIJVJGTGKUPQUEKGPVKſERTQQHQHKVU OGFKEKPCNXCNWGVJGJQTPKUWUGFKPVTCFKVKQPCN#UKCPOGFKEKPGURTKOCTKN[HQTVJG VTGCVOGPVQHCXCTKGV[QHCKNOGPVUKPENWFKPIGRKNGRU[HGXGTUCPFUVTQMGU#UKCP TJKPQJQTPKUDGNKGXGFVQDGOQTGGHHGEVKXGVJCP#HTKECPJQTP  Wildlife Management: Concept Analysis and Conservation

Habitat Destruction 6JGGPQTOQWUTGFWEVKQPKPVJGTCPIGQHTJKPQUYCUOCKPN[ECWUGFD[VJG FKUCRRGCTCPEGQHCNNWXKCNRNCKPITCUUNCPFUCPFFGHQTGUVCVKQP#U)TGCVGTQPGJQTPGF TJKPQUNKXGKPCTGCUYKVJXGT[HGTVKNGUQKNJWOCPUWUGVJGUCOGNCPFHQTHCTOKPI RWTRQUGU6QFC[VJGPGGFHQTNCPFD[ITQYKPIJWOCPRQRWNCVKQPKUCVJTGCVVQVJG URGEKGU/CP[QHVJGRTQVGEVGFCTGCUYKVJTJKPQUJCXGTGCEJGFVJGNKOKVGFPWODGT QHKPFKXKFWCNVJG[ECPUWRRQTV6JKUNGCFUVQJWOCPTJKPQEQPƀKEVCUTJKPQUNGCXG VJGDQWPFCTKGUQHVJGRTQVGEVGFCTGCUVQHQTCIGKPVJGUWTTQWPFKPIXKNNCIGU4JKPQU OCKPN[HGOCNGUTGRQTVGFN[MKNNUGXGTCNRGQRNGGCEJ[GCTKP+PFKCCPF0GRCN Predation &WGVQKVUNCTIGUK\GVJG+PFKCPTJKPQŏUQPN[TGCNRTGFCVQTKPVJGYKNFCTG NCTIGYKNFECVUUWEJCUVKIGTUVJCVYKNNRTG[QPVJG+PFKCPTJKPQECNXGUCPFYGCM individuals. Protection in the wild: 9KVJUVTKEVRTQVGEVKQPHTQO+PFKCPCPF0GRCNGUG YKNFNKHGCWVJQTKVKGUITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQPWODGTUJCXGTGEQXGTGFHTQOWPFGT NCUVEGPVWT[VQCTQWPFVQFC[*QYGXGTRQCEJKPIJCUTGOCKPGFJKIJCPF VJGUWEEGUUKURTGECTKQWUYKVJQWVEQPVKPWGFCPFKPETGCUGFUWRRQTVHQTEQPUGTXCVKQP GHHQTVUKP+PFKCCPF0GRCN Measures taken for Conservation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orld Wildlife Fund Programme: Translocation 99(EQPVKPWGUVQRNC[CPCEVKXGTQNGKPGUVCDNKUJKPIPGYTJKPQRQRWNCVKQPU D[OQXKPIVJGOHTQOQPGRTQVGEVGFCTGCVQCPQVJGTCRTQEGUUECNNGFVTCPUNQECVKQP 6JGTJKPQUCTGOQXGFVQRTQVGEVGFCTGCUYKVJKPVJG'CUVGTP*KOCNC[CURCTVKEWNCTN[ KP+PFKCŏ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ackling Illegal Wildlife Trade 99(CPF64#((+%VJGYKNFNKHGVTCFGOQPKVQTKPIPGVYQTMYQTMVQUVQR VTCHſEMKPIQHTJKPQJQTPD[HWPFKPICPVKRQCEJKPIRCVTQNUCPFUWRRQTVKPIKPVGNNKIGPEG Present Status and Conservation of the Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) 

PGVYQTMUKPUVTCVGIKENQECVKQPUVQRTGXGPVTJKPQUHTQOGPVGTKPIDNCEMOCTMGVU KP#UKC6JG5QWVJ#UKC9KNFNKHG'PHQTEGOGPV0GVYQTM 5#9'0 KUPQYCNUQ YQTMKPIHQTVJKUUQVJCVTGIKQPCNIQXGTPOGPVUCTGCDNGVQEQODKPGKPHQTOCVKQPCPF TGUQWTEGU6JKUKPENWFGUGCTN[YCTPKPIU[UVGOUKPXGUVKPIKPGHHGEVKXGNGIKUNCVKQP CPFKORTQXKPIGPHQTEGOGPVQHRQNKEKGUCPFNCYU Monitoring and Protection 99(UWRRQTVUPCVKQPCNRCTMUVCHHCPFTCPIGTUYKVJGSWKROGPVCPFVTCKPKPI KPQTFGTVQRTQVGEVTJKPQUHTQORQCEJKPICPFVTCEMQVJGTKNNGICNCEVKXKVKGUUWEJCU NQIIKPI6JG[CNUQKPXGUVKPKORTQXKPITJKPQOQPKVQTKPIVQEQNNGEVFCVCCPFOGCUWTG RTQITGUUVQYCTFUCEJKGXKPITJKPQEQPUGTXCVKQPIQCNUCUUGUUVJGTGRTQFWEVKXGJGCNVJ CPFITQYVJTCVGQHRQRWNCVKQPUCPFOCMGVJGTKIJVFGEKUKQPUVQMGGRTJKPQPWODGTU ITQYKPICVCTCVGQHOQTGVJCPRGTEGPV Restoring Landscapes #UTJKPQRQRWNCVKQPUKPETGCUGVJG[PGGFCFFKVKQPCNURCEGVQNKXGCPFDTGGF 99(CPFRCTVPGTUTGUVQTGTJKPQJCDKVCVKP0GRCNVQKPETGCUGTJKPQPWODGTUCPF KORTQXGEQPPGEVKXKV[DGVYGGPRTQVGEVGFCTGCU%JKVYCP0CVKQPCN2CTMŏURQRWNCVKQP QHITGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQUKUVJGUGEQPFNCTIGUVRQRWNCVKQPQHVJKUURGEKGUKPVJG YQTNFCHVGT+PFKCŏU-C\KTCPIC0CVKQPCN2CTM+P-C\KTCPIC0CVKQPCN2CTM99( works to secure habitat corridors so that rhinos have access to higher areas outside QHVJGRCTMFWTKPICPPWCNƀQQFUYJKEJKPWPFCVGVJGRCTM

 Working with Local Communities 6JGRTQVGEVGFCTGCUQH+PFKCCPF0GRCNYJGTGTJKPQUTGUKFGCTGUWTTQWPFGF D[FGPUGJWOCPRQRWNCVKQPU+VKUXKVCNVQGPUWTGVJCVEQOOWPKVKGUVJCVNKXGCTQWPF TJKPQTGUGTXGUCTGU[ORCVJGVKEVQCPFDGPGſVHTQOVJGTJKPQUKPVJGKTOKFUV 99(UWRRQTVUUGXGTCNRTQLGEVUVQKORTQXGNQECNNKXGNKJQQFUNKMGVJGUWEEGUUHWN EQOOWPKV[TWPő/CTOGNQWULWKEGHCEVQT[ŒKP-JCVC0GRCN6JG[JGNRVQFGETGCUG EQPƀKEVDGVYGGPRGQRNGCPFTJKPQUD[GPEQWTCIKPIHCTOGTUVQRNCPVWPRCNCVCDNG URGEKGUNKMGOGPVJG OKPV VJCVIGPGTCVGUOQPG[HQTVJGEQOOWPKVKGUCPFUWRRQTVU EQOOWPKV[DCUGFCPVKRQCEJKPIQRGTCVKQPU Strengthening Law Enforcement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ildlife Management: Concept Analysis and Conservation Conservation Challenges (QT[GCTUTJKPQUJCXGDGGPYKFGN[UNCWIJVGTGFHQT VJGKTJQTPCRTK\GF KPITGFKGPVKPVTCFKVKQPCN#UKCPOGFKEKPGU&GUVTWEVKQPQHVJGKTJCDKVCVQXGTVJG[GCTU JCUDTQWIJVVJGTJKPQUVQVJGDTKPMQHGZVKPEVKQP6JGITGCVQPGJQTPGFTJKPQEQWNF QPEGDGHQWPFHTQO2CMKUVCPCNNVJGYC[VJTQWIJ+PFKC0GRCN$CPINCFGUJ$JWVCP CPF/[CPOCT$[VJGVWTPQHVJGEGPVWT[VJKUURGEKGUJCFXCPKUJGFHTQOOWEJ QHKVUTCPIGCPFVQFC[QPN[CDQWVUWTXKXGKP+PFKCCPF0GRCN6JTQWIJQWV their range, their habitat continues to dwindle fast due to conversion of grassland JCDKVCVUKPVQCITKEWNVWTCNſGNFUCPFQVJGTJWOCPRTGUUWTGU6JGVJTGCVQHRQCEJKPI EQPVKPWGUVQDGGXGTRTGUGPV WWF-India’s Future Programme %QPUGTXKPIVJGTJKPQUCPFVJGKTJCDKVCVKUKORGTCVKXG99(JCUDGGPYQTMKPI QPTJKPQEQPUGTXCVKQPHQTQXGTHQWTFGECFGU6JGDKIRTQITCOOGKPKVKCVGFD[99( KUVJGő+PFKCP4JKPQ8KUKQPŒ +48 6JGXKUKQPQHVJGRTQITCOOGKUVQ KPETGCUGVJGVQVCNTJKPQRQRWNCVKQPKP#UUCOVQCDQWVD[VJG[GCTCPFLWUV CUUKIPKſECPVN[GPUWTGVJCVVJGUGTJKPQUCTGFKUVTKDWVGFQXGTCVNGCUVUGXGPRTQVGEVGF CTGCUVQRTQXKFGNQPIVGTOXKCDKNKV[QHCP#UUCOOGVCRQRWNCVKQPQHVJGURGEKGU 6JKUYKNNDGCEJKGXGFD[VTCPUNQECVKPIVJGTJKPQUHTQOVYQUQWTEGRQRWNCVKQPU -C\KTCPICCPF2QDKVCTC KPVQQTVCTIGV2TQVGEVGF#TGCU /CPCU.CQMJQYC $WTCEJCRQTK-QEJRQTC&KDTWUCKMJQYCCPFRQUUKDN[1TCPI 

Other Challenges  6JG(QTGUV&GRCTVOGPVHCEGUCOCLQTEJCNNGPIGCUNCEMQHGSWKROGPVſPCPEG RQNKVKECNYKNNCPFUJQTVCIGQHUVCHHOCMGUKVFKHſEWNVVQKORNGOGPVEQPUGTXCVKQPYQTM CVVJGITCUUTQQVNGXGN6YQUGTKQWUQPVJGITQWPFRTQDNGOUKPENWFGEQPVCKPKPI RQCEJKPICPFNQUUQHJCDKVCVFWGVQGPETQCEJOGPVU References  Animal info: Indian Rhino Biology, ecology, habitat, and status of the Indian 4JKPQCPFKPHQTOCVKQPQPVJGKTPCVKXGEQWPVTKGUDKQFKXGTUKV[GEQU[UVGOUCPF RQRWNCVKQP=Y?JVVRYYYCPKOCNKPHQQTIURGEKGUCTVKRGTKTJKPWPKEJVO  JVVRYYYMC\KTCPICPCVKQPCN RCTMEQOQPG JQTPGFTJKPQ UJVONUVJCUJ(IEY0+LFRWH)TGCVGTQPGJQTPGFTJKPQKPHQTOCVKQP  JVVR+PFKCPRGTEGPV4JKPQJVO 4. WWF: Indian Rhino Info 'ZVGPUKXGKPHQTOCVKQPD[VJG9QTNF9KNFNKHG(WPFQP VJG+PFKCP4JKPQ%QXGTURJ[UKQNQI[VJTGCVUJCDKVCVCPFOWEJOQTGJVVR YYYRCPFCQTICDQWVAYYHYJCVAYGAFQURGEKGUCDQWVAURGEFGZEHO