The Development of Coal Trade in the Wollongong District of New South Wales, with Particular Reference to Government and Business, 1849-1889

University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection

University of Wollongong Year 

The development of coal trade in the Wollongong district of New South Wales, with particular reference to government and business, 1849-1889

Henry Patrick Lee University of Wollongong

Lee, Henry Patrick, The development of coal trade in the Wollongong district of New South Wales, with particular reference to government and business, 1849-1889, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 1993. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1441

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LATER BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Abbott, G. & Littie, G. The Respectable Sydney Merchant: AB. Spark of Tempe Sydney University Press: Sydney 1976. Australian Dictionary of Biography: Volume 2:1788-1850. Australian Dictionary of Biography: Volume 4:1851-1890. Australian Dictionary of Biography: Volume 6:1851-1890. Bach, J, A Maritime History of Australia. Pan Books: Sydney 1982. First Published 1976. Baker, D,W,A. Days of Wrath: A Life of John Dunmore Ung. Melbourne University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1985. Bamard, A. The Austt^alian Wool Market 1840-1900. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1958. Bamard, A. Visions and Profits: Studies in the Business Career of Thomas Sutcliffe Mort. Melboume University Press: ParkviUe, Victoria 1961. Barwick, K.H. History of Berkeley New South Wales. 2nd edition. Illawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1978. Bayley, W.A. Black Diamonds: History of Bulli District New South Wales. 3rd edition AustraU PubUcations: BuUi 1975. Bird, J. Seaport Gateways of Australia. Oxford University Press: London 1968. Blainey, G. The Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia's History. Sun Books: Melboume 1966. Boehm, E.A. Prosperity and Depression in Australia, 1887-1897. Oxford University Press: London 1971. Bowden, K.M. George Bass 1771-1803: His Discoveries, Romantic Life and Tragic Disappearance. Oxford University Press: London 1952. Branagan, D.F. Geology and Coal Mining in the Hunter Valley 1791-1861. Newcastie PubUc Library: Newcastie 1972. Buckley, K. & Wheelwright, T. No Paradise for Workers: Capitalism and the Common People in Australia 1788-1914. Oxford University Press: Melboume 1988. Butiin, N.G. Australian Domestic Product, Investment and Foreign Borrowing 1861- 1938139. Cambridge University Press: London 1960. Butiin, N.G. Investment in Australian Economic Development 1861-1900. Cambridge University Press: London 1964. ButUn, N.G., Bamard, A. & Pincus, J.J. Government and Capitalism: Public and Private Choice in Twentieth Century Australia. George AUen & Unwin: Sydney 1982. Came, J.E. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Western Coalfield; with Maps and Sections. Memoirs of tiie Geological Survey of New Soutii Wales. Geology, No.6. Govemment Printer: Sydney 1908. 449

Clark, C.M.H. A History of Australia:N:The Earth Abideth For Ever: 1851-1888. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1978.

Clark, C.M.H. (Ed) Select Documents in Australian History 1851-1900. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1971.

Coal Cliff Mine. Coal Cliff Collieries 1878-1978:100 Years of Mining. Kembla Coal

Coghlan, T.A. Labour and Industry in Australia: From the First Settlement in 1788 to the Establishment of the Commonwealth in 1901. 4 Vols. MacmiUan: Melboume 1969. Clouten, K.H. Reid's Mistake: The Story of Uke Macquarie from its Discovery until 1890. Lake Macquarie Shire CouncU: n.p.p. 1967.

Connolly, CN. Biographical Register of the New South Wales Parliament 1856- 1901. AustraUan National University Press: Canberra 1983. Corbett, A.H. Energy for Australia: Resources, Technology and the Environment. Penguin: Harmondswortii, England 1976. Cousins, A. The Garden of New South Wales, Co-op. Distributing Society Ltd: Sydney 1948. Crawford, R.M. Australia. 4th revised edition. Hutchinson: London 1979.

Cridland, F. The Story of Port Hacking, Cronulla and Sutherland Shire. 2nd edition. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1850. Derbyshire, J. & AUen, D. Und Between Two Rivers: A Historical and Pictorial Survey of Shellharbour Municipality. SheUharbour Municipal Council 1984.

Eardley, G. Transporting the Black Diamond. Book I: Colliery Railways of the Illawarra District, N.S.W. (Centt-al Section). Traction PubUcations: Canberra 1968. ElUs, M.H. A Saga of Coal: The Newcastle Wallsend Coal Company's Centenary Volume. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1969. Fleming, A.P. The Pioneer Kerosene Works at American Creek (Mt. Kembla, N.S.W.) with a Brief Reference to the Succeeding Companies. Illawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1961. Gardiner-Garden, C.W. Port of Wollongong. 3rd edition. lUawarta Historical Society: WoUongong 1975. Garran, R.R. Prosper the Commonwealth. Angus & Robertson; Sydney 1958. Gazeteer of Historical Industt-ial Sites: Wollongongl Shellharbour I Kiama Districts: Ulawarra Industrial Archaeology Society: WoUongong 1979. Gollan, R. The Coalminers of New South Wales: A History of the Union, 1860- 1960. Melboume University Press in association with the Australian National University: Parkville, Victoria 1963. Grainger, E. Hargrave and Son: A Biography of John Fletcher Hargrave and His Son Uwrence Hargrave. University of Queensland Press: St Lucia, Queensland 1978.

Grainger, E. Martin of Martin Place: A Biography of Sir James Martin (1820-1886). Alpha Books: Sydney 1970. 450

Gregson, J. The Australian Agriculmral Company 1824-1875. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1907.

Gunn, J. Along Parallel Lines: A History of the Railways of New South Wales. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1989.

Hall, A.R. The London Capital Market and Australia 1870-1914. Australian National University: Canberra 1963.

Harper, L.F. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Southern Coal-Field; with Maps and Sections. Parti.—The South Coastal Portion. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New Soutii Wales. Geology, No.7. Govemment Printer: Sydney 1915. Hawker, G.N. The Parliament of New South Wales 1856-1965. Govemment Printer: Sydney 1971.

Heilbroner, R.L. The Worldly Philosophers: The Lives, Times and Ideas of the Great Economic Thinkers. 5th revised edition, Simon & Schuster: New York 1980.

Held, D, Political Theory and the Modern State: Essays on State, Power and Democracy. PoUty Press: Cambridge 1989.

Hirst, J.B. The Strange Birth of Colonial Democracy: New South Wales 1848-1884. AUen & Unwin: Sydney 1988. Holt H.E. An Energetic Colonist: A Biographical Account of the Activities of the Late Hon. Thomas Holt. MLC. Hawthom Press: Melboume 1972. Home, D. Money Made Us. Penguin: Harmondsworth, England 1976, Hughes, H. The Australian Iron and Steel Industry 1848-1962. Melboume University Press: ParkviUe, Victoria 1964. Jackson, R.V. Australian Economic Development in the Nineteenth Century. AustraUan National University Press: Canberra 1977. Jeans, D.N. An Historical Geography of New South Wales to 1901. Reed Education: Sydney 1972. Johns, R.K. History and Role of Government Geological Surveys in Australia. Govemment Printer: South AustraUa 1976. Jose, A.W. & Carter, H.J. (Eds), The Australian Encyclopaedia. 2 Vols. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1925. Kiddle, M. Men of Yesterday: A Social History of the Western District of Victoria 1834-1890. Melboume University Press: ParkviUe, Victoria 1961.

King, H. Richard Bourke. Oxford University Press: Melboume 1971.

King, J. Waltzing Materialism. Harper & Row: Sydney 1978. King, N.S. A History of Austinmer New South Wales. lUawana Historical Society: WoUongong 1962. Lee, R. The Greatest Public Work: The New South Wales Railways, 1848 to 1889. Hale & Iremonger: Sydney 1988. 451

Linge, G.J.R, Industrial Awakening: A Geography of Australian Manufacmring 1788 to 1890. Australian National University Press: Canberra 1979.

Loveday, P. & Martin, A.W, Parliament, Factions and Parties: The First Thirty Years of Responsible Government in New South Wales, 1856-1889. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1966.

MarshaU, J.G. & Trahair, R.C. A Checklist of Biographies of Australian Businessmen. La Trobe University Library: Bundoora, Victoria 1980,

MarshaU, K. & M. The Early Wollongong. Congregational Church and Some of its Personalities. Ulawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1968. Martin, A.W. Henry Parkes: A Biography. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1980.

Martin, A.W. & Wardle, P. Members of the Ugislative Assembly of New South Wales 1856- 1901: Biographical Notes. Australian National University: Canberra 1959, Marx, K. & Engels, F. The Communist Manifesto. Translated by S, Moore. Penguin: Harmondsworth, England 1976.

McCarthy, K. The Corrimal Colliery Railway. Light Railways, No,60. Light Railway Research Society of AustraUa: n.p.p. 1978.

McDonald, W.G. Earliest Illawarra by its Explorers and Pioneers. lUawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1966.

McDonald, W.G. In Re A Gentleman One: The Rise and Fall of Francis Woodward Sometime MJuA. for Illawarra. lUawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1972. McDonald, W.G. Uwrence Hargrave of StanweU Park: A Sketch of His Life and Work. Ulawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1974.

McDonald, W.G. Nineteenth Century Dapto: Notes on the History of Dapto and its Neighbourhood. lUawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1976. McKellar, N.L. From Derby Round to Burketown: The A.U.S.N. Story. University of C^eensland Press: St. Lucia, Queensland 1977.

McQueen, H. A New Britannia: An Argument Concerning the Social Origins of Australian Radicalism and Nationalism. Revised edition. Penguin: Harmondsworth, England 1975.

Nadel, G. Australia's Colonial Culmre: Ideas, Men and Institutions in Mid-Nineteenth Century Eastern Australia. F.W. Cheshire: Melboume 1957.

Neve, M.H. The Hon. Thomas Holt, MLA.: Wool Merchant, Politician, Churchman, 'Urd of the Manor', Sutherland Historical Press: Sutherland 1970. O'MaUey, J.P.O. The Old Dapto Smelting Works. 2nd edition. Ulawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1968. Osbome, P.J.B. Some Family History. (Address deUvered to the Canberra Historical Society, 15 April 1958).

Page, M. Fitted for the Voyage: The Adelaide Steamship Company Limited 1875-1975. Rigby: Adelaide 1975. 452

Patterson, G.D. The Tariff in the Australian Colonies 1856-1900. Cheshire: Melboume 1968. Piggin, S. & Lee, H. The MtXembla Disaster. Oxford University Press: Melboume 1992.

Pitttnan, E.F. The Mineral Resources of New South Wales. Govemment Printer- Sydney 1901. ^ ^

Poggi, G. The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction. Hutchinson: London 1978.

PoweU, A. Pattdcian Democrat: The Political Ufe of Charles Cowper, 1843-1870. Melboume University Press: Carlton, Victoria 1977,

Power, F,D. Coalfields and Collieries of Australia. Critchley Parker: Melboume 1912. Richardson, L. The Bitter Years: Wollongong During the Great Depression. Hale & Iremonger: Sydney 1984.

Ryan, F. My Fairy Meadow: My Memories of My Early Life in Fairy Meadow Incorporating Many Memories of Historical Interest During the First Century of the Area's Growth and Development. The Autiior: WoUongong 1986. Schultz, J. Steel City Blues. Penguin: Ringwood, Victoria 1985.

Sinclair, W.A. The Process of Economic Development in Australia. Longman Cheshire: Melboume 1976.

Singleton, C.C. Railway History in Illawarra New South Wales. 3rd edition Illawarra Historical Society: WoUongong 1972. Southem, J.L.N. A Railway History of the Illawarra. Broken Hill Proprietary Co.Ltd.: Melboume 1978. Southern, J.L.N. & Piatt J.E.A. The History of Ironmaking in Australia 1848- 1914. AusttaUan Pig fron Club: Port Kembla, New Soutii Wales 1986.

Stenton, M. & Lees, S. Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume II 1886-1918: A Biographical Dictionary of the House of Commons. Harvester Press: Hassocks, England 1978,

Stone, K.C. A Profile History of Mount Kembla. n.p.: Goulbum 1974.

The Dictionary of National Biography, Vol.12. Oxford University Press: London 1922.

The Dictionary of National Biography Supplement 1901-1911. Oxford University Press: London 1966.

The Railways of New South Wales 1855-1955. Department of RaUways, N.S.W.: Sydney n.d.

200 Facts About Historic Illawarra. CompUed by H.J. Shaw. lUawama Historical Society: WoUongong 1970. WaUcer, R.B. The Newspaper Press in New South Wales, 1803-1920. Sydney University Press: Sydney 1976.

Wannan, B. My Kind ofCounttj: The Making of the Australian Character. Cmrey O'NeU: Soutii Yarta, Victoria 1984. 453

Ward, R. & Robertson, J. (Eds) Such Was Life: Select Documents in Australian History • Volume 1.1788-1850. Altemative Publishing Co-operative: Sydney 1978. WeUs, A. Constructing Capitalism: An Economic History of Eastern Australia, 1788-1901. AUen & Unwin: Sydney 1989.

Whittnore, R.L. Coal in Queensland: The Ute Nineteenth Century 1875 to 1900. University of C^ieensland Press: St. Lucia, Queensland 1985.

Wood, G. Borrowing and Business in Australia: A Study of the Correlation Between Imports of Capital and Changes in National Prosperity. Oxford University Press: London 1930.

LATER ARTICLES AND CHAPTERS

Beale, E. 'The Saga of the Keira Tramline'. Illawarra Historical Society Bulletin, November 1979.

Bennett, J.M. 'Patronage and tiie Law: The Career of J.F. Hargrave'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, (56(2), September 1980, Birch, A. 'The Sttidy of Business History in Austtalia'. Business Archives and History, 2(1), Febmary 1962.

Bolton, K.R. 'Urban Beginnings—Development of the CoUiery ViUages of Northem Ulawarra, 1858-1905'. In R. Robinson (Ed), Urban Illawarra. Sorrett PubUshing: Melboume 1977,

Burley, K.H, 'The Organisation of the Overseas Trade in New South Wales Coal, 1860 to 1914'. Economic Record, 57(79), September 1861. Burley, K.H. 'The Overseas Trade in New South Wales Coal and the British Shipping Industty, 1860-1914'. Economic Record. 56(75), August 1960.

Butiin, N.G. 'Colonial SociaUsm in Austtalia, 1860-1900'. In H.G.J. Aiticen (Ed) The State arui Economic Growth. Social Science Research Council: New York 1959. Butiin, N.G. 'The Shape of the AusttaUan Economy, 1861-1900'. Economic Record, April 1958.

Butiin, S.J. 'The Role of Planning in Austtalia's Economic Development', Economic Papers, 15, 1962.

CampbeU, J.F. 'The First Decade of the AusttaUan Agricultural Company, 1824 to 1834, with Special Reference to the Location of Their Grant of a MUlion Acres'. Royal Australian Historical Society Jourruil and Proceedings, 9(3), 1923. ColUns, I. 'The 'Country Interest' and the Eastem Suburbs Railway, 1875-1932'. In G. Wotiierspoon, (Ed) Sydney's Transport: Studies in Urban History. Hale «& Iremonger: Sydney 1983.

'Colonial PoUtics in AustraUa: A Symposium'. Australian Economic History Review, 8(1), March 1968. 454

Connolly, CN. 'The MiddUng-Class Victory in New South Wales, 1853-62: A Critique of the Bourgeois-Pastoralist Dichotomy'. Historical Studies, 19(16), April 1981. Cotter, R. 'The Golden Decade'. In Griffin, J. (Ed) Essays in Economic History of Australia. 2nd edition. Jacaranda Press: MUton, Queensland 1970.

CriveUi, R.L. 'History of tiie Coal Industty in Austtalia'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 16(3), 1930.

Curr, G.C. 'Liberalism, Localism and Suburban Development in Melboume 1870-1890'. Historical Stttdies, 19(14), Apiill9m. • Dowie, J.A. 'Business Politicians in Action: The New Zealand RaUway Boom of tiie 1870s'. Business Archives and History. 5(1), Febmary 1965.

Dunne, E,F, 'Brief History of the Coal Mining Industty in Queensland'. Royal Historical Society of Queensland Journal. 4(3), 1950.

Eardley, G. 'The Bellambi and BuUi Coal Mining Company Railway'. In Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin. 27(463), May 1976. Eldred-Grigg, S. 'Moral CapitaUsm in the Hunter Valley 1880-1914'. Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 66(2), September 1980. Fogarty, J.P. 'The Staple Approach and the Role of the Govemment in AusttaUan Economic Development: The Wheat Industry'. Business Archives and History. 6(1), Febmary 1966.

Frost, L.E. 'A Reinterpretation of Victoria's Railway Boom of the 1880s'. Australian Economic History Review, 26(1), March 1986. HaU, A.R. 'Trends in the Consumption of Coal in New South Wales, 1850-1914'. Economic Record, 26, December 1950. Hanham, P.J. 'New Zealand Promoters and British Investors, 1860-1895'. In R. Chapman & K. Sinclair (Eds) Studies of a Small Democracy: Essays in Honour of Willis Airey. Paul: n.p.p. 1965.

HartweU, R.M. 'The Pastoral Ascendancy, 1820-1850'. In G. Greenwood, (Ed) Australia: A Social and Political History. Angus & Robertson: Sydney 1977,

Hay, A.M. 'A Simple Location Theory for Mining Activity'. Geography, 61(2), January 1976.

Hutchinson, A. 'The Activities of the Scottish AusttaUan Mining Company in the Newcastie Coalfields—1859-1890'. Business Archives Council, Quarterly Bulletin & Newsletter, i(8). Jervis, J. 'Ulawarra: A Century of History, 1788-1888. Part I'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 28(2), 1942. Jervis, J. 'Ulawarra: A Centtiry of History, 1788-1888. Part II'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 28(3), 1942. Jervis, L 'Ulawarra: A Centtiry of History, 1788-1888. PartlH'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 28(4), 1942. Jervis, J. 'Ulawarra: A Cenmry of History, 1788-1888. Part IV'. Royal Ausvalian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 28(5), 1942. 455

Jervis, J, 'Rev, W.B. Clarke, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S.: "The Father of AusttaUan Geology".' Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 30(6), 1944. Johnson, L.W. 'A History of the Collie Coal Mining Industry'. University Studies in Western Australian History, 5(1), September 1957.

Kemek, S, 'Australian and American Characteristics: The Influence of Differences in Economic Prosperity and the Power of Private Business'. University Studies in History, 5(3), 1969, Kolsen, H, 'Company Formation in N.S,W.: 1828-1851. A Preliminary Report'. Business Archives and History, 1(6), 1959. Lamb, P.N. 'Crown Land Policy and Govemment Finance in New Soutii Wales, 1856-1900'. Australian Economic History Review, 7(1), March 1967.

Lamb, P.N. 'Early Overseas Bortowing by the New South Wales Government', In Business Archives arui History, 4(1), Febmary 1964. Lamb, P.N. 'Historians and AusttaUan RaUways', Australian Journal of Politics and History, 18(2), August 1972. Langford-Smith, T. 'Murrumbidgee Land Settiement 1817 to 1912'. In G.H. Dury & M.I. Logan, (Eds) Studies in Australian Geography. Heinemann: Melboume 1968. Lewis, G, 'NationaUsm and Capitalism in Austt-alia: The Queensland Economy 1890-1930'. Arena, No.38, 1975. Lindsay, B. 'A Story of Early Land Settiement in Ulawarra', In lUawarra Mercury, 2, 9, 16 & 23 Febmary; 2, 9, 16, 23 & 30 March; 6,13 & 20 April, and 26 October 1934. Lougheed, A.L. 'Intemational Trade Theory and Economic Growth'. Australian Economic History Review, 8, 1968. Loveday, P. 'Pattonage and PoUtics in New Soutii Wales, 1856-1870'. Public Administration, 18, (4). Loveday, P. 'The Member and His Constiments in New Soutii Wales in the Mid-Nineteenth Centtiry'. Austt-alian Journal of Politics and History, 5(2), November 1959.

Loveday, P. & Martin, A.W. 'Colonial Politics Before 1890'. In P. Loveday, A.W. Martin & R.S. Parker (Eds) The Emergence of the Austt-alian Party System. Hale & Lremonger: Sydney 1977. Loveday, P., Martin, A.W. & WeUer, P. 'New Soutii Wales'. In P. Loveday, A.W. Martin & R.S. Parker (Eds) The Emergence of the AusttaUan Party System. Hale & Iremonger: Sydney 1977. Loveday, P. & Martin, A.W. 'The Politics of New Soutii Wales, 1856-1889: A Reply'. Historical Studies, 13(50), April 1968. Martin, A.W. 'The Legislative Assembly of New South Wales, 1856-1900'. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 2(1), November 1956. Martin, A.W, 'WUUam McMUlan—A Merchant in PoUtics'. Royal Austt-alian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings. 40(4), 1954. 456

McCarthy, J.W. 'The Staple Approach in AusttaUan Economic History'. Business Archives and History, 4(1), Febmary 1964.

McMinn, T. 'The Premiership of WUUam Forster 1859-60'. hi Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 67(3), December 1981.

Muir, L. 'Public Spending and Private Property: The Ulawarra Line Cabal'. Li M. KeUy (Ed) Sydney: City of Suburbs. New South Wales University Press in association witii the Sydney History Group: Sydney 1987.

Nairn, B. 'The PoUtics of New South Wales, 1856-1889: A Note On a Reply'. Historical Smdies. 13(52), April 1969.

Rowland, E.C. 'The Story of tiie New South Wales RaUways'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 40(5), 1954.

Schedvin, C.B. 'Essays in Bibliography and Criticism, LXXXI. Midas and tiie Merino: A Perspective on AusttaUan Economic Historiography'. Economic History Review (Second Series), 52(4), November 1979.

Sellers, G. 'The lUawarra Coalfield—A Brief History to 1905'. The Australian I.M.M. Conference, Illawarra, 1976.

Shaw, W.H. 'The Hargraves in New Soutii Wales'. Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 64(2), September 1978.

Storm, E.B. 'The State's First Harbour Tmst: The Historic Port of WoUongong'. Port of Sydney, 5(3), January -March 1956.

Taylor, G.P. 'Business and PoUtics in Queensland 1859-1895'. New Zealand Journal of History, 1(1), 1967.

'The Building of the Great Northem Railway—A Symposium'. Armidale and District Historical Society Journal and Proceedings. No.20, January 1977. Turner, J.W. 'The Entry of the Australian Agriculmral Company into the New South Wales Coal Industry'. Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 58 (4), December 1972.

Walker, R.B. 'The Economic Development of New England in the Nineteenth Century'. In R.F. Wamer (Ed) New England Essays: Studies of Environment in Northern New South Wales. University of New England: Armidale, New South Wales 1963.

Ward, J.M. 'Colonial Liberalism and its Aftermath: New Soutii Wales, 1867-1917'. Royal Australian Historical Society Journal and Proceedings, 67(2), September 1981.

WiUington, CM. 'The Mineral Industry Contribution to the Development of South Austtalia'. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, 62, 1961. Wilson, M.G.A. 'Changing Pattems of Pit Location on the New South Wales Coalfields'. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 58(1), March 1968.

Wotherspoon, G. 'The Determinants of tiie Pattem and Pace of RaUway Development in New South Wales, 1850-1914'. In Austt-alian Journal of Politics and History, 25(1), May 1979. 457

Young, R.W. & Johnson, A.R.M. 'The Physical Setting: Environmental Hazards and Urban Planning'. In Robinson, R. (Ed) Urban Illawarra. Sorrett Publishing: Melboume 1977.

UNPUBLISHED THESES, AND MISCELLANEOUS

Cramsie, J,N., Sedimentation and Stt-ucture in the Ulawarra Coal Measures. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Sydney 1964.

Dingsdag, D.P, Responses to the BuUi ColUery Disaster of 1887, with Special Reference to tiie New South Wales Govemment and the BuUi Coal Mining Company. B.A.Hons. Thesis. University of WoUongong, 1980.

Donley, R.J.R. From Wheat Port to Industrial Town—A History of Port Pirie (1873-96). B.A.Hons. Thesis. University of Adelaide, 1965.

Laszlo, I.M. Railway PoUcies and tiie Development of Northem New Soutii Wales. M.A. Thesis. University of New England, 1956,

Lee. R.S, The Politics of Shipping and Railway Constmction in the Clarence VaUey, 1888- 1892. B.A. Hons. Thesis. Macquarie University, 1977.

Mitchell, G, Company, Community and Govemment Attitudes, and their Consequences, to PoUution at Port Kembla, with Special Reference to the Electtolytic Refining and Smelting Company, 1900-1970. Ph,D. Thesis, University of Wollongong, 1981, MitcheU, W. The Miners of Soutiiem N.S.W .: A History of the Union to 1900. M.A. Thesis. University of New England, 1964.

Moody, J.D. The Development of the Newspaper Press in Newcastie (1855-1880) and its Social and PoUtical Attitudes. M.A. Thesis. University of Newcastie, 1971. Turner, J.W. Coalmining and Manufacturing in Newcastle, 1797-1900. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Newcastie, 1977. Wills, G. An Examination of tiie Electorate of New England, 1880-1889, With a View to Discover the Problem Behind Local Political Activity and the Forms that this Activity Took. B.A. Hons. Thesis. University of New England, 1960.

Four Corners: 'The Callous Country', AusttaUan Broadcasting Corporation 1991. (First broadcast on ABC TV, 18 November 1991). List of Aldermen, Wollongong Municipal CouncU. WoUongong City Library (Reference Section).