The White Horse Press Full citation: Stubbs, Brett J. "Forest Conservation and the Reciprocal Timber Trade between New Zealand and New South Wales, 1880s–1920s." Environment and History 14, no. 4, Trans-Tasman Forest History special issue (November 2008): 497–522. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/3353. Rights: All rights reserved. © The White Horse Press 2008. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism or review, no part of this article may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying or recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers. For further information please see http://www.whpress.co.uk. Forest Conservation and the Reciprocal Timber Trade between New Zealand and New South Wales, 1880s–1920s BRETT J. STUBBS School of Environmental Science and Management Southern Cross University P.O. Box 157 Lismore, NSW, Australia, 2480 Email:
[email protected] ABSTRACT A substantial inter-colonial timber trade between hardwood-scarce New Zealand and softwood-scarce New South Wales developed in the late nineteenth century. The northern coastal area of New South Wales, that colonyʼs main timber-pro- ducing district, supplied mainly ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata, E. crebra and E. siderophloia) for use in New Zealandʼs railways, bridges and wharves. North-eastern New South Wales was also that colonyʼs most important dairying district, and kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), a New Zealand softwood timber, was imported for the manufacture of butter boxes. The magnitude of this two-way trade created domestic timber shortages on both sides of the Tasman Sea, and stimulated conservation efforts from the early years of the twentieth century.