Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Day After Tomorrow by Robert A. Heinlein Sixth Column (The Day After Tomorrow) by Robert A. Heinlein. Published 1949. Originally published as The Day After Tomorrow by Anson McDonald in Astounding Magazine , (later Analog ),1941. 241 pages (from the Virginia Heinlein edition, based on the 1949 Gnome Press hardback.) Review by Mark Yon. Here’s one of my occasional re-reads of Robert Anson Heinlein’s novels. This one is what they call ‘a fixup’, originally being in three parts in the January, February and March editions of Astounding Magazine , under the editorial tuition of John W. Campbell. It became a slightly revised novel in 1949, with the author’s real name rather than his pseudonym, and a little tidying up. Putting it in the context of Heinlein’s other writing, it was published as a novel after his juvenile book Red Planet and before Farmer in the Sky . As written by Anson McDonald, however, it was not written with the intention of being for the juvenile market, but as something more adult. I found it less satisfying than Red Planet and Farmer in the Sky , its adult voice both uncertain and unreal. It reflects the fact that it was written before Heinlein had had any novels published, and seems a little wobbly both in its concept and its delivery: something which would become much less noticeable as Heinlein becomes more confident in later writing. This lack of success may also be partly due to the fact that Sixth Column was based upon an idea given to Heinlein from Campbell, the only major work of Heinlein’s career to be plotted by someone else. It exhibits a more adult serious tone than many of his other stories from that time, yet still has that energetic over-exuberance normally associated with much of the pulp fiction of the 1930’s and 1940’s. Controversially, it centres on the concept of race and has been accused of exhibiting racism. The book was not seen as an artistic success by Heinlein himself, though fairly well received by critics at the time of publication, both in 1941 and 1949. The story is one of those that deals with the defeat of the American government and her people by the Pan-Asians. There are a number of survivors at The Citadel, an emergency secret research laboratory in the Rocky Mountains, who are our main characters. ‘Whitey’ Ardmore is the main hero, a person given the responsibility of trying to create order as the last representative officer of the military. Colonel Calhoun is the difficult leader of the remaining scientists. Private Jeff/Jefferson Thomas is our real hero (try reversing that name!) who in the end develops the United States’s intelligence network. Facing an invading force of four hundred million, the surviving men of The Citadel have a secret weapon: the Ledbetter Effect, a newly-discovered magneto-gravitic or electro-gravitic spectra, which, with development and refinement, seems able to focus on and kill selected people. Using a newly created religion to cover up their work, the team begin the fight-back necessary to rid the United States of her oppressors. Rather like a secret alliance between the French Resistance and the Roman Catholic Church in World War Two, the men become Priests of Mota and establish churches throughout the nation, whilst simultaneously training and enlisting support from loyal Americans. They are not the mythical ‘fifth- column’ of warfare, but a sixth column of resistance: as Heinlein puts it, ‘this would not be a fifth column of traitors, bent on paralysing a free country; but the antithesis of that, a sixth column of patriots whose privilege it would be to destroy the morale of invaders, make them afraid, unsure of themselves.‘ (page 36) What works here? Well, it is a short tale, yet one with pace. There are moments where the Heinlein we recognise later appears, albeit briefly, and signs of the Heinlein trademark of lots of little details dropped in throughout, to jolt the reader offguard. Some of the comments made about society and religion, of the need for something to bind a fractured society together, are quite astute. The actions of ‘the common people’ in an otherwise paralysed nation are quite touching, although in these cynical times it is quite incredible how quickly people fall into line to help. It’s hard for me to decide whether this tale is a tribute or a criticism of L. Ron Hubbard, who both Heinlein and Campbell knew well. Campbell was an interested party in Hubbard’s development of Dianetics, and the idea of a religion being created to cover up other activities does sound like a veiled criticism that could be equally applied by its decriers to Scientology. It has been suggested by some critics that Calhoun, the stiff and rather disliked scientist who eventually ends up insane, believing himself to be an incantation of the god Mota, is at least partly based on Campbell himself. Whilst Campbell’s version emphasised the race aspect, Heinlein’s tried to make it more scientific and using the so-called ‘soft sciences’ such as psychology and sociology to make the tale work. It is no accident that Whitey has a civilian background in advertising. In the tale’s defence, the worship of science is not particularly original at that time. Atomic power as part of a religion was also used by Heinlein’s friend Isaac Asimov in Foundation (1942-1944) and also by A E van Vogt in his novel Empire of the Atom in 1957. Coincidentally, Van Vogt was a close ally of Hubbard’s and a convert to Scientology in the 1940’s. Publishing a story about Asian invaders of America that would have been written at least a year before Pearl Harbour is quite prescient. Sadly, it degenerates into a tale that focuses on the fact that the conquering peoples can be defeated as a consequence of being a different race, which is, at best, a generalisation. How would our heroes have coped with the Germans, no doubt of a similar genetic makeup to theirs, working their way across Europe at the time of writing, I wondered? Also rather unsatisfyingly, the use of a super-weapon created by scientists to defeat the enemy is straight out of the pulp fiction guidebook. The science used to create the weapon also allows them to do amazing things: carve a temple the equivalent of the pyramids (though box-shaped) out of a mountain, create gold for currency, stun people, make Asians disappear in a puff of smoke and so on. It makes you wonder rather why science allowed them to get into the predicament in the first place, though it fits very typically into that 1940’s and 50’s belief that science is unlimited and will solve all problems. There is a point made in the book that such results are based on research by a Doctor Fox in London in the 1940’s about haemoglobin, which I guess may be the precursor of DNA, yet the abiding impression is that it’s a super-science-invention taken to unrealistic extremes. So, too, the characterisation, and dialogue. The bad guys are ‘bad’, which seems to be for no other reason than as a consequence of their race. Beatings, torture, harsh treatment: the Masters seem to show no mercy to their slaves. The good guys are flawed but generally morally upstanding and ethically positive. There is one concession to adulthood more noticeable than in the juveniles: the killing of a PanAsian spy, so that their work remains undiscovered, is brief, though quite shocking. Heinlein doesn’t flinch from making the point that some will have to die if the Americans are to regain their freedom. This extends to the introduction of Frank Mitsui, a loyal and noble Asian-American character. Heinlein biographer William Patterson has suggested that Mitsui was actually added by Heinlein to Campbell’s idea to try and make the race issue less problematical. Heinlein tries to mollify the race question, yet it still raises issues that sit uneasily today. The dialogue is proto-Heinlein, veering between lengthy exposition (such as his explanation of the differences between a tramp and a hobo) and Heinlein’s later more overt lecturing, whilst combined with gung-ho phrases of the “Go get ‘em, Whitey!” type. Women have a decidedly low role in the plot, with women priests not allowed and their roles mainly consigned to the office typing and telephony. The over-enthusiasm of the dialogue extends to the ending, which happens very quickly and is so positive and ‘happy-ever-after’ that to my mind it undermines what has gone before. In a matter of a few pages, the book moves from a troubling warning of what could happen under a demanding overlord to an ending that washes all that concern away in a state of ‘America-wins’ positivism. This seems rather too simple and optimistic, though perhaps no different to the post-WW2 mood after the Nuremberg war trials. Although in the end this is perhaps rightly seen as one of Heinlein’s less-successful early novels, there are elements here to both enjoy and be annoyed by. Whilst very much a product of its time, there are hints and flashes of the brilliance that Heinlein was later known for. Whilst not an unmitigated disaster, it is, in the end, a rather disappointingly unsuccessful attempt to combine pulp style fiction with more adult ideas. It might also explain why Heinlein was, in later life, never a collaborative author. Day After Tomorrow. 'Washington destroyed completely before the government could escape. With Manhattan in ruins, that leaves no -'. There was a click as the television receiver was turned off. 'That's that,' said the man near it, 'The United States is washed up.' This was the terrifying scenario in which, unbelievably, the whole of Asia - some four hundred million people - in grave danger of defeat by America which now consisted of just six men. In a brilliantly imaginative novel guaranteed to keep the reader on tenterhooks from beginning to . Read More. 'Washington destroyed completely before the government could escape. With Manhattan in ruins, that leaves no -'. There was a click as the television receiver was turned off. 'That's that,' said the man near it, 'The United States is washed up.' This was the terrifying scenario in which, unbelievably, the whole of Asia - some four hundred million people - in grave danger of defeat by America which now consisted of just six men. In a brilliantly imaginative novel guaranteed to keep the reader on tenterhooks from beginning to end, Robert A. Heinlein, the doyen of science fiction writers, has truly excelled himself. Read Less. The Day After Tomorrow by Robert A. Heinlein. The Day After Tomorrow. Amalgamation of India Occupation and absorption by the PanAsian Empire. ancestry The PanAsians had, if possible, a more virulent hatred for Asian-Americans than for Caucasian Americans. (also in other stories) Whitey Ardmore U.S. armed forces major, in Intelligence. When the government was destroyed and all senior officers were killed, as the senior line officer in the Citadel he took command of the war against the PanAsian invasion. A publicity man by trade, Army by necessity, he proposed a propaganda war with organization of an underground resistance movement (see Mota.) Dr. Randall Brooks Biologist and biochemist with a special commission of major in the U.S. Army. He was drafted to work in the Citadel. One of the few surviving officers after the PanAsian invasion and the Ledbetter Effect accident, he was involved in founding the Church of Mota and as part of a counteroffensive against the invaders. Bryan (no first name) U.S. Army sergeant and follower of Mota assigned as Whitey Ardmore's driver during the counteroffensive against the PanAsian invaders. Dr. Lowell Calhoun Colonel in mathematical research at the Citadel. He was commanding officer by default after all senior officers were killed. Having a special commission, he accepted Whitey Ardmore's authority, and was appointed director of research and second in command. Already of a brittle ego and personality, as the Mota conspiracy progressed he developed delusions of grandeur and was ultimately killed in self-defense by Frank Mitsui. Charleston, South Carolina Site of a massacre of the followers of Mota. The priest retaliated by killing all available PanAsians with the Ledbetter Effect. Citadel Secret Army headquarters in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. The only surviving military base after the PanAsian invasion, its officers founded an ultimately successful counteroffensive against the invaders. (See Mota.) The Dekes [mentioned in passing] Delta Kappa Epsilon, the fraternity to which Whitey Ardmore and Jefferson Thomas belonged. Denver, Colorado Capital of the PanAsian occupation force, and site of the first Temple of Mota. (also in other stories) Estelle Devens Temple of Mota recruit sent to the Citadel so the PanAsians could not ship her out as a pleasure girl. Disciple Personage whose coming was predicted by the priests of Mota. The prediction was just an attention-getting routine. Downer (no first name) U.S. Army captain who worked undercover in the PanAsian occupation army. He was recruited to work for the Temple of Mota, but left it for his undercover assignment. Father Francis Doyle Catholic priest who was recruited by the Temple of Mota for intelligence work. Dragon Regiment PanAsian regiment stationed at Salt Lake City. All its members were arrested after the followers of Mota escaped confinement while under their guard. emperor The PanAsian Empire is ruled by a "Heavenly Emperor", but apparently much of the imperial power is exercised by territorial governors. (also in other stories) epileptogenetic ray PanAsian weapon that caused a messy death by convulsions. It was frequently used for crowd control. Finny (no other name) Associate of hoboes and expert counterfeiter. His original name might have been Phineas, or the nickname might have come from his preference for $5 bills. He made a registration card for Jefferson Thomas. Dr. Fox [mentioned in passing] Professor at the University of London who in 1945 demonstrated that the hemoglobin of individual rabbits has unique wavelengths. He could not reproduce the results for humans, but the researchers at the Citadel used his research in developing the Ledbetter Effect. Edward Graham One of the few survivors in the Citadel, a private first class assigned to the commissary department. His civilian occupation was artist and interior decorator; he helped design the Temple of Mota. Grandson of Heaven (no other name) Prince of the PanAsian Imperial family, and head of the occupation forces in North America. Hand of the Emperor See Imperial Hand. Heavenly Emperor Title of the ruler of the PanAsian Empire. Alexander Hamilton (Alec) Howe Mountaineer who was drafted by the PanAsian occupation army to serve as a guide. He was recruited to work for the Mota conspiracy. Imperial Hand PanAsian military governor of the area that included Denver, Colorado. Also called Hand of the Emperor . Isaacs (no first name) Army captain and priest of Mota. Peewee Jenkins (no other first name) Street urchin whom Jefferson Thomas and Alec Howe recruited to run errands and make necessary contacts. Jessie (no last name) Farmwife who fed Jefferson Thomas during his reconnaissance mission. Her husband informed Jeff that registration cards were necessary. Joe (no last name) [mentioned in passing] A follower of Mota. (also in other stories) Johnson (no first name) Former real estate salesman suggested to be a priest of Mota. He turned out to be a spy and collaborator for the PanAsians, and was killed by Jefferson Thomas. (also in other stories) Kansas City (Missouri) [mentioned in passing] Site of a Temple of Mota. (also in other stories) Kendig (no first name) Formerly general manager of a communications trust and a student of modern military organizational methods. Whitey Ardmore made him his chief of staff. Konsky (no first name) Collaborationist with the PanAsians who was allowed to act as a rental agent; he arranged the rental of a vacant building to be used as a Temple of Mota. Ledbetter (no first name) Scientist killed in the Citadel, along with several hundred other men, by one of his own experiments on energy sources. Ledbetter Effect Named after the scientist who created it (and was killed by it), an energy burst that kills humans but leaves other life forms unharmed. It was refined to be used as a weapon tuned to individuals or distinct races, and was crucial in defeating the PanAsian occupation forces. MacAllister Army captain at the Citadel, deceased. Manhattan [mentioned in passing] It was left in ruins by an attack by the PanAsians. (also in other stories) Mens An attribute of Mota. [Latin, "mind"] Patrick Minkowski Follower of Mota assigned to fitting leg irons to PanAsian captives.He had been a sergeant in the United States Army. Franklin Roosevelt Mitsui Japanese-American friend of Jefferson Thomas, who was in hiding from the PanAsians. His wife Alice was massacred, along with his children Frank Jr., Jimmy, and Shirley. He was recruited by the Citadel survivors, and ultimately died defending the others against Lowell Calhoun's insane violence. Moe (no last name) Hobo whom Jefferson Thomas met on his reconnaissance mission. Mota Diety invented by Whitey Ardmore as a front for revolutionary propaganda and activities. According to the official doctrine, Mota had one thousand attributes; six were worshipped at his Temple. One of the teachings of Mota was cooperation with the government, thus sparing them the disapproval of the PanAsians. Their freedom to establish temples all over the country made the religion a perfect front for finding and recruiting fighters against the occupation. Among his many attributes were Barmac; Dis, Lord of Destruction. Nashville, Tennessee Site of a temple of Mota. A PanAsian bomb intended for the temple wrecked a nearby city district. Nonintercourse Act United States legislation that prohibited contact with Asia by Americans. The members of the Citadel speculated that the resulting ignorance aided the PanAsians in building up the resources undetected for invading North America. PanAsian Empire Alliance (probably created by invasion and occupation) that attacked and occupied the United States. It had previously absorbed the Soviet Union. Its leaders were demonstrably racist, treating conquered peoples with considerable contempt and ferocity. Overpopulation was the likely motivation for its aggressions. Prince Royal PanAsian military governor in North America. prostitutes In many stories, Heinlein portrayed prostitution as an honorable profession; his prostitutes ranged from hard-working and respectable to highly admired and honored. The PanAsians forced women from conquered areas into houses of prostitution. (This is the only example of prostitution being oppressive and shameful.) (also in other stories) Rogers (no first name) Army lieutenant and priest of Mota. (also in other stories) Herman Scheer Enlisted man at the Citadel, one of the few survivors of the PanAsian assaults. He was a mechanic and a tool-and-die maker. Seattle Kid Hobo who escaped from the PanAsian labor camps but died soon after. Shaam Lord of Peace, an attribute of Mota. John W. (Jack) Smyth Follower of Mota who was assigned to fitting leg irons to PanAsian prisoners. Steeves (no first name) Watch officer at the Citadel. (also in other stories) Lt. Stinkyface (no other name) Whitey Ardmore's name for the PanAsian officer who trespassed in the Temple of Mota. Tamar Lady of Mercy, an aspect of Mota. Jefferson Thomas One of the few survivors in the Citadel after the Ledbetter Effect disaster. Trained as a lawyer; he went into social administration and became a hobo to gather information for a thesis, then stayed one because he liked it. He was sworn into the Army after he wandered into the Citadel's secret entrance. He volunteered for intelligence work after the PanAsian invasion and was promoted from private to lieutenant for the assignment, then to captain when he took charge of Denver recruitment as a priest of Mota. Among the hoboes he was known as Gentleman Jeff. time lines The time lines, or alternate universes, are named after the first person to walk on the moon. Time line seven, code name Fairacres, is the time line in which the United States was defeated in World War II. The Japanese and German empires split America between them along the Mississippi River. This may be the locus of the events in The Day After Tomorrow . (The time lines are delineated in To Sail Beyond the Sunset .) Voice of the Hand PanAsian administrator of the region that included Oklahoma City. Thelma Wang [mentioned in passing] Frank Mitsui's mother, part Chinese but mostly Caucasian. Ward (no last name) Priest of Mota and former real-estate agent who sheltered Whitey Ardmore after his jailbreak. Washington, D.C. The city was completely destroyed in the PanAsian attack before the government could escape. (also in other stories) Robert Wilkie Physicist and radiation specialist drafted to work at the Citadel; one of the few survivors of the Ledbetter Effect catastrophe. Whitey Ardmore dubbed him "The Punk Kid". David Wood Protestant minister initially disturbed by the success of the priests of Mota. After discussing his misgivings with a friend who was a Catholic priest, he reconsidered and was eventually recruited for intelligence work. ©2001-2013 The Heinlein Society 3553 Atlantic Avenue, #341 Long Beach, CA 90807-5606. The Heinlein Society was founded by Virginia Heinlein on behalf of her husband, science fiction author Robert Anson Heinlein, to "pay forward" the legacy of Robert A. Heinlein to future generations of "Heinlein's Children." Vintage Treasures: The Past Through Tomorrow by Robert A. Heinlein. I’ve never been a big Heinlein fan. Not my fault. I enjoyed Starship Troopers well enough, but the next two novels I tried — The Moon is a Harsh Mistress and especially Friday — I bounced off pretty hard. I never tried again. It didn’t help that I made most of my discoveries through short fiction in those days, and Heinlein almost never showed up in anthologies. Sometimes editors would apologize for omitting him, admitting (with some frustration) that they just couldn’t get the rights to the Heinlein tales they wanted. The problem was that by the mid-70s Heinlein was a star, the top-selling author in the field, and his entire short fiction catalog was locked up in his own bestselling collections. I read collections, of course. Lots of them. But the seminal Heinlein collection, the one containing virtually all of his really important short work — including classics like “The Roads Must Roll,” “Blowups Happen,” “The Man Who Sold the Moon,” “Gentlemen, Be Seated,” “The Green Hills of Earth,” “Logic of Empire,” “The Menace from Earth,” “If This Goes On —”, and the short novel Methuselah’s Children — was the massive The Past Through Tomorrow . And that 830-page beast was just a bridge too far for a traumatized veteran of the first 100 pages of Friday . [Click the images for Heinlein-sized versions.] The result is, of course, that when I talk about really important 20th Century SF writers — which is kinda my thing? — I never mention Heinlein. Nope, nope. But there’s been enough distance with my early failures with Heinlein now, not to mention a growing awareness of a big hole in my SF education. And I find myself increasingly curious about what I missed out on by not reading Heinlein in my youth. Besides a bunch of right-wing libertarian politics, obviously. I picked up The Past Through Tomorrow recently, and I was impressed all over again at just how many true SF classics are packed within its pages. I can almost forgive its length, given that it contains 21 stories, three novellas (“The Man Who Sold the Moon,” “Logic of Empire,” and “Coventry”) and a complete novel, Methuselah’s Children . The stories within were published across four decades, from 1939 to 1962, first in John W. Campbell’s Astounding and later in places like Argosy , Blue Book , The Saturday Evening Post , and Scientific American . Here’s the complete Table of Contents. Introduction by Damon Knight “Life-Line” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , August 1939) “The Roads Must Roll” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , June 1940) “Blowups Happen” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , September 1940) “The Man Who Sold the Moon” ( The Man Who Sold the Moon , 1950) “Delilah and the Space-Rigger” ( The Blue Book Magazine , December 1949) “Space Jockey” ( The Saturday Evening Post, April 26, 1947) “Requiem” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , January 1940) “The Long Watch” ( The American Legion Magazine , December 1949) “Gentlemen, Be Seated” ( Argosy Magazine , May 1948) “The Black Pits of Luna” ( The Saturday Evening Post , January 10, 1948) “It’s Great to Be Back!” ( The Saturday Evening Post , July 26, 1947) “—We Also Walk Dogs” (Astounding Science-Fiction , July 1941) “Searchlight” ( Scientific American , August 1962) “Ordeal in Space” ( Town & Country , May 1948) “The Green Hills of Earth” ( The Saturday Evening Post , February 8, 1947) “Logic of Empire” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , March 1941) “The Menace from Earth” ( The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction , August 1957) “If This Goes On —” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , February 1940) “Coventry” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , July 1940) “Misfit” ( Astounding Science-Fiction , November 1939) Methuselah’s Children ( Astounding Science-Fiction , July-August 1941) Robert A. Heinlein was one of Campbell’s most famous discoveries, and certainly the one that Campbell was most proud of. Alec Nevala-Lee, when discussing his groundbreaking non-fiction book Astounding: John W. Campbell, Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein, L. Ron Hubbard, and the Golden Age of Science Fiction, said, “Heinlein was the author Campbell was waiting for,” and I think that’s precisely right. Heinlein’s first published story was “Life-Line” in the August 1939 issue of Astounding ; more rapidly followed and within a year Campbell was lauding Heinlein in his editorials as “a major science fiction writer.” Astounding issues with Robert A Heinlein cover stories: June 1940, March 1941, July 1941. Covers by Hubert Rogers. Robert A. Heinlein didn’t create the Future History (that distinction is usually given to pulp writer Neil R. Jones, whose popular Professor Jameson tales appeared in Amazing Stories in the early 30s), but John W. Campbell coined the phrase in Astounding to refer to the ambitious and wide- ranging vision of the future Heinlein was creating, brick by brick, in his early stories. Nowadays the phrase has become so closely associated with Heinlein that “Future History” defaults to an entry on Heinlein in Wikipedia, one that begins this way: Future History is a series of stories created by Robert A. Heinlein. It describes a projected future of the human race from the middle of the 20th century through the early 23rd century. The term Future History was coined by John W. Campbell Jr. in the February 1941 issue of Astounding Science Fiction . Campbell published an early draft of Heinlein’s chart of the series in the May 1941 issue. Heinlein wrote most of the Future History stories early in his career, between 1939 and 1941 and between 1945 and 1950. Most of the Future History stories written prior to 1967 are collected in The Past Through Tomorrow , which also contains the final version of the chart. That collection does not include “Universe” and “Common Sense;” they were published separately as Orphans of the Sky . Groff Conklin called Future History “the greatest of all histories of tomorrow.” It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best All-Time Series in 1966, along with the Barsoom series by Edgar Rice Burroughs, the Lensman series by E. E. Smith, the Foundation series by Isaac Asimov, and The Lord of the Rings series by J. R. R. Tolkien, but lost to Asimov’s Foundation series. Campbell’s chart of Heinlein’s Future History tales has been updated and expanded many times over the decades. Here’s a version that covers most of the stories in The Past Through Tomorrow (click for more legible version). And here’s the more detailed version that appeared in The Man Who Sold the Moon . The Past Through Tomorrow was published in hardcover by Putnam in 1967, and reprinted in paperback by Berkley Medallion in 1975. The paperback version is 830 pages, priced at $1.50. 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