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Geochemical Investigations of Lower Paleozoic Granites of The Green, P.F. 1981. A new look at statistics in fission track dating. Nuclear (Antarctic Map Folio Series, Sheet 15, Folio 12.) New York: American Tracks, 5, 77-86. Geophysical Society. Grindley, G. W. 1967. The geomorphology of the Miller Range, Transan- tarctic Mountains with notes on the glacial history of neotectonics of Hayes, D.E., L.A. Frakes et al. 1975. Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. East Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 10(2), 557-598. Hurford, A.J., P.F. Green. 1982. A users guide to fission track dating Grindley, G.W., and M.G. Laird. 1969. Geology of the Shackleton Coast. calibration. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 59, 343-354. with similar types of studies being carried out by workers in Geochemical investigations of lower several countries on rocks from other continents, and will even- Paleozoic granites tually allow us to understand the relationship of the antarctic of the Transantarctic Mountains basement rocks to those of other continents back into Archean time, and further our understanding of the evolution of conti- nental crust on a global scale through Earth history. Exposed within the pre-Devonian basement of the Transan- S.C. BORG and D.J. DEPAOLO tarctic Mountains is an extensive complex of granitic batholiths which was emplaced into Precambrian and early Paleozoic met- Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of California asedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Ross Orogen. Suf- Los Angeles, California 90024 ficient age determinations have been done to establish a general emplacement history, but there presently exist little data bear- ing on the genesis of the granitoids. It has been suggested that This project is part of a long-term effort to investigate the the batholiths were emplaced along a margin of the east ant- granites in the Transantarctic Mountains with modern geo- arctic craton primarily during the Cambro-Ordovician Ross chemical techniques. Work during the 1985-1986 season re- Orogeny and that this magmatism may have been related to a sulted in a comprehensive collection of large samples of granite subduction zone dipping under East Antarctica (Elliot 1975; and associated country rock from the region between the Nim- Gunner 1976; Stump 1976). The segment of the range between rod and Good glaciers (see Borg et al., Antarctic Journal, this the Nimrod and the Beardmore glaciers (figure 1) is fundamen- issue). Our sampling program will be extended to the Gabbro tal to regional petrogenetic studies of granites because this is the Hills in late 1986. only area in the range which, according to existing maps, ap- The primary objective of this project is to develop a modern pears to straddle the boundary between old Precambrian craton tectonic-petrogenetic model of the Paleozoic batholith and re- and late Precambrian geosynclinal sediments (Grindley et al., lated rocks of the Transantarctic Mountains. The approach we 1964; Grindley and McDougall, 1969; Gunner, 1976). Studies of are using is to characterize the granitic rocks with respect to granites in this region will form a substantial foundation but their petrology, field relations and geochemistry, and in par- data from granites in other parts of the range are necessary to a ticular, with respect to their neodymium, strontium, and oxy- comprehensive understanding of the origin of this plutonic gen isotopic compositions in as many key areas of the range as province. possible. A pilot study of uranium-lead systematics in accessory Initial analytical work was begun on powdered samples phases is also underway. The chemical and isotopic patterns provided by C. Faure from rocks studied by Gunnerand Faure will yield information about Precambrian crustal structure, (1972) and Gunner (1976). Samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) and place constraints on Precambrian continental drift, and eluci- rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) isotopic measurements made on date the nature of Paleozoic continental margin tectonics and these sample confirm that there are large differences in isotopic magmatism. The patterns will also be directly applicable to composition between the granites on the Shackleton Coast and unraveling post-plutonism tectonics. This type of study, which those in the Miller Range (figures 2 and 3). From these data we we refer to as "chemical tectonics" or "isotope tectonics," is a know there are substantial differences in crustal structure or powerful means of establishing the large-scale structural, tec- age. However, the isotopic variations cannot be adequately in- tonic and petrogenetic characteristics of subcontinental-scale terpreted until we understand the nature of the variations on a areas even where detailed geologic mapping is unavailable. In broader geographic scale. The extensive regional coverage this light it is particularly well suited to studies of the antarctic available in our collection is an important feature as we begin to basement because of limited exposures and obvious difficulties focus our lab work under this proposal toward establishing with access. The utility of this type of study to regional geologic patterns of chemical and isotopic variation of the granites over problems in Antarctica has recently been demonstrated in the whole region. northern Victoria Land (Borg 1984; Borg et al. in press). Consid- Within the reconnaissance analytical program underway we ering the success of this granite study and the extensive areas of hope to establish a pattern of regional variation in the batholithic unstudied granitic basement in the range (see figure 1 of Borg et rocks across the range, and we will be able to see if the dif- al., Antarctic Journal, this issue), it is clear that a systematic ference between the two clusters of points on figures 2 and 3 investigation of granitic rocks throughout the range is likely to represents an abrupt discontinuity or if there is continuous improve our understanding of the evolution of the antarctic variation between them. It is also possible that there is some basement rocks by a very large factor. This work will dovetail combination of variation and discontinuity present. Whatever 1986 REVIEW 41 Ross Ice I Shelf Mesozoic Ferrar Group and Mesozoic- Permian Beacon Super Group Cambrian Granite Harbour Intrusives •::i Cambrian Byrd Group Lennox-King Glacier Precambrian(?) Beardmore Group 5lI rj Precambrian Nimrod Group 0 25 50 75 100 I I I kilometers East Antarctic Ice Sheet Isotopic compositions at 500 (sample : [€Nd : 87Sr/86Sr]) r1\6.s \ Miller Range A 72 MR: [-11.4: 0.73481 B 297 MR [-10.5:0.73321 C 315MR:[-11.8:0.7327] Axel Shackelton Coast !I3Heiberg D 593 SC: [-2.80 7086) Glacier 65 E 647SC:[_2.9:0.7112] + 86 + 180• F 672SC:[-4.8:0.71091 )66ss Figure 1. Geologic sketch map of the study area. Samarium and neodymium isotopic compositions of granites in the Miller Range in the lower Beardmore Glacier area are shown. Sigma-notation given in DePaolo (1980). The location of figure 2 of Borg et al. (Antarctic Journal, this issue) is indicated with a finger. the case, this information will allow us to develop and modify tions to regional crustal structure and tectonics. American Journal of models for the tectonic evolution of this part of Antarctica, Science. provide constraints on the origin of the granites themselves (cf. DePaolo, D.J. 1980. Sources of continental crust: Neodymium isotope DePaolo 1980, 1981), and allow us to constrain the place of the evidence from the Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges. Science, 209, 684-687. Precambrian basement of the Transantarctic Mountains vis a vis DePaolo, D. J. 1981. Trace element and isotopic effects of combined the other cratons extant in Proterozoic time. wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Plane- This research was supported by National Science Foundation tary Science Letters, 53, 189-202. grant DPP 83-16807. Elliot, D.H. 1975. Tectonics of Antarctica: A review. American Journal of Science, 275—A, 45-106. Grindley, G.W., and I. McDougall. 1969. Age and correlation of the Nimrod Group and other Precambrian rock units in the central Trans- antarctic Mountains, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and References Geophysics, 12, 391-411. Gunner, J. 1976. Isotopic and geochemical studies of the pre-Devonian base- Borg, S.C. 1984. Granitoids of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. Ph.D. ment complex, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarctica. (Institute of Polar thesis, Tempe: Arizona State University.) Studies, Report 41, Columbus: Ohio State University.) Borg, S.C., E. Stump, B.W. Chappell, M.T. McCulloch, D. Wyborn, J.R. Gunner, J. , and C. Faure. 1972. Rb-Sr geochronology of the Nimrod Holloway, and R.L. Armstrong. In press. Granitoids of northern Group, central Transantarctic Mountains. In R.J. Adie (Ed.), Antarctic Victoria Land, Antarctica: Implications of chemical and isotopic varia- geology and geophysics. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. 42 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Stump, E. 1976. On the Late Precambrian-Early Paleozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Queen Maud Mountains, Antarctica, and a 10 • CTM Shockleton Coast comparison with rocks of similar age from southern Africa. (Ph.D. thesis, 8 £ (TM Miller Range Columbus: Ohio State University.) 6 NVL fidmiralty Intrusives J NVL Granite harbour 2 Intrusives 10 Depleted mantle evolution band 0 8 6 O) 0 ENdit) l+cmscoaiil -2 .lflldMRGFllI + -8 Evolution trend Model age for continental for average crust in the Miller Range : 10 continental -12 crustal Nd 0 100 200 300 400 500 Age (Ga) ESr(t) Figure 2. This figure shows clearly the different isotopic signature of the granites on either side of the central Transantarctic Mountains Figure 3. This figure allows a comparison of both samarium and (Miller Range [CTM MR] to the west and Shackleton Coast [CTM SC] neodymium compositions of the granites of the central Transan- to the east). The peraluminous chemistry of the granites in the Miller tarctic Mountains with granites from northern Victoria Land (NvL).
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