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Home , Bouguer (lunar crater), Grimaldi (crater)

1981mrbf.conf...91P the Grimaldi, of can Abstract-Grimaldi the plug Spacecraft called crust-mantle It +90 theory to material, basin. and adequate lunar major Bouguer the the which resultant previous Sjogren, studies Phillips, the western Grimaldi mare slightly Below, the has 1 the Lunar topographic formation be The south available milligals surface of Yates, © covered Bouguer mascon, attributed of In lunar are difficulty been mare Lunar mascons, have gravity outside probably limb it 1978). and 1968). gravity analyses is this mascon Bouguer oorpi coverage topographic we free-air and based origin is boundary 1970), a mantle at geology. known fill Planetary been suggested of present and small lunar paper, gravity of southeast correction region an signature since The to the (Conel the has on data formation: the gravity a Survey, altitude Planetary are is the or restricted material. of gravity combination multi-ringed dark gravity a gravity concentric for inferences mascons been are of and Roger we to Multi-ring the a relatively mare of Institute, almost The over associated that brief and across a the data reveal requisites. to show Oceanus structure central (Fig. lunar of 345 Bouguer combination circumvented profiles The material the the final Grimaldi. Institute crustal 70 and between Holstrom, past to Basins, description Middlefield total are this J. 3303 local remaining outer 1). kilometers. that small uplift only of Schultz made associated basin, section patch has topographic Phillips ten of The generally basin. with ejecta INTRODUCTION Procellarum Proc. mascons: collapse gravity NASA lying a with topographic a lunar large multi-ringed scarp was a mascon • not P. sub-mare the years about Printed GEOLOGY consideration diameter Lunar Provided of partially H. of 1968; Road, It mare-filled within positive several and caused of gravity of been lunar and Road in Approximately mare larger is of both associated by Planet. 1 in the thought this proposed that the the associated Merrill in Grimaldi. 91 U.S.A. Phillips and data Menlo the ring One, craters available by material; situ to mass geologic plug basin field by Bouguer filled of possible analysis model Sci. Orientate coverage with paper large R. inner Analysis inward the faulting the the for Houston, John (1981), B., breccia, nearside Park, to indicates of and that located contribution comparable by eds. with et east. with NASA In positive inner Grimaldi, ring be calculations the discusses 20% anomaly Grimaldi 12A, setting al., to crustal mare the Grimaldi structure fill of addition, California shallow and is Dvorak Basin the of large free-air is The yield Texas p. of on Grimaldi, (Bowin outer ring 1972), a Astrophysics now this circular 91-104. required inner material, central maximum this the collapse of free-air of inner in lunar is and is Bouguer to supplies basin. 77058 these an is disk-shaped ring western size available Grimaldi, of positive due 94025 lunar to ring the roughly proposed the required et 2 annulus this uplift a a to ring craters basins the to to is which al., From of comparison which gravity Bouguer mantle results west 2 fully gravity the a U.S. best a Bouguer Data lunar this limb Bouguer nmle. This anomalies. critical smallest of centrally 1975). to 200 central for a a of also Geological Grimaldi to reproduce and (Dvorak for depths structure, preserved (Muller consideration lies summary System of masses plug basin in low anomalies, kilometers anomaly data match this resulted test the Previous Grimaldi the near view anomaly basin uplifted known density of (Wise of moon. in lunar since from vast due and and and lies the the the the the the of of of of to in 1981mrbf.conf...91P 92 probably (Wilhelms (Fig. (1971) and of interpreted interior tion northwest (Model Grimaldi analyses These Fra Basin. the this the serve central carried Head's Mountains ment Grimaldi The the © failure final Mauro that of model, 2) (Melosh, Lunar to immediate craters structural determined multi-ring basin. shows (1974) I), to over, Fig. basin kilometers. of with position is evaluate lies R. and Grimaldi and the are strength a as Formation the is the and 1. J. concentric no the apparently other inner that model impact the Grimaldi. McCauley, equivalent Portion 1977; pre-Orientale Phillips outer inner Planetary identification more surroundings basins, of peak mare the the Grimaldi is impact of ring Malin the of ring at of ejecta ring region surrounding than implications the and ring in fault the Lunar a Total of we slumped undergo to Institute about 1971). level Oceanus of surrounding and features. Grimaldi, J. a Orientale the discuss of from to within in scarp few Grimaldi Orbiter Dvorak of and picture Dzurisin, 1.0 Grimaldi be peak 400 Based age the collapse rim the hundred • that the kilometer resulting approximately Procellarum of the only Provided kilometers. Although two photograph surrounding since ring basin. Orientale of width Imbrium the the on is country inner 1978; must two rings craters. comparable in of relative region geophysical meters the from In smaller below (east-to-west) a ring by contrasting numerous of transient be Settle (IV-168M) the event The rock Basin, the to greater the between Grimaldi is the crater buried from contemporaneous the latter the NASA 1.0 craters, radar (Melosh and deep stress and to east. superposes mare to modeling. crater the statistics, detailing models than the views interpretation, Head, under Astrophysics 1.5 is Formation, the topographic central is is field pre-impact and, in probably Outer important approximately kilometers concentric and about rim the which the 1979). exist of the if basin, In Hartmann Grimaldi McKinnon, with crater the the Rook multi-ringed volcanic 15 with one for Data will which The analogous map crater km for analogy level. modest the below is ring the interpretation Mountains subsequently the analogous System outer comparative in 500 of Inner to and configura- structures exceeding fill The has diameter. this 1978). the the Nectaris enlarge- is of rim to Wood to Rook to mare level been west area the the the be of In to in 1981mrbf.conf...91P Observatory in that Fig. be outer time with Grimaldi and by energy differences is kilometers energy Basin. the may both possibly similar fallback tains, terrain Fig. The In also attributed the 2. the pitted © Model a of a have correspond 1. ring, composed Earth-based Lunar crater geomorphology second This outer composed topographic The for to similar is crater ejecta because inner the the 74W and a above map which, Grimaldi (slightly II between region steep ring. and rim, to is Cordillera same view formation crackled ring. to contour at intrinsic in of Planetary the of to radar but Orientale of It the crater as inward is modified). the (Model rolling The resembles for a the is a the laced level in is domical 72 more interval partial of topographic significantly relative instead bowl Model appearance Grimaldi two space-time principal corrugated Mountains, (e.g., Grimaldi facing of Institute with and II), (Head, advanced This features of the used here ring facies the see I, there energetics hilly uplifted Grimaldi large topographic scarp interior 70 is and difference (ERT) of Outer Croft, favors 1974), • differences larger a is terrain facies which is massifs surface between Provided is ring is for stage more which significant lower is 400 attributed map Rook mare also 1981). constrained Model of than Humboldt, fault. meters. form described with map of 68 is subdued of cracks the which rises crust occurs and the by the Mountains degradation. in Grimaldi the The covers The The a impacting I. the the the structural It primarily formation Outer to slight a impact The created lie is (on important few within NASA origin inner between almost outer moon here evident a by approximately exterior 66 provided crater inner the radial Rook kilometers of Head energy than the ring, ring Astrophysics by of body. itself. eastern The deformation to the from the of ring the inner lunar the of this contrast texture and to an of maximum is however, by (1974) Orientale outer this In similar inner In for a of rebound 64 exhibited outer Orientale, aspect. S. ring side the the region above mascons Model Model and Grimaldi Zisk Humboldt, ring and for same and structure. Cordillera between Data of ring, the extending diameter has of Basin height the the (Fig. of process interpreted II, the previous outer rings I, at region the System in which 62 Grimaldi the little the rises basin), interior. Orientale, Orientale that Haystack in 1) Model reached and impact impact Moun- shown to which that to at to figure three must they but the the the the 93 do as in A is it I

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Planetary probably history Ridges A fault geologic large dashed in ring second from in this resulting are Orientale of thickness Other of Institute greatly where paper structure shown we the impact Grimaldi major structures will Grimaldi from inferred are in modified Basin • from show rebound. the of geologic the Provided the is mare-covered Grimaldi. outer unlike depicted or a to region that volcanic few extrapolated, the the two The event the by an hundred pre-existing west, The is are the Concentric in gravity load uplifted dominated argument central this rilles. origin NASA was which in with figure. meters interpretation the the Adapted crustal basin of Astrophysics scarps ring tectonic not central here lunar by vast The to of only structures two from ring, indicated a Grimaldi innermost from volcanic mascons kilometer basin. grid events. deposited Solomon and favors Data geologic of and Mare by are thus ring the flooding System The arrowheads. (Moore in shown Model and material units Model western shown Oceanus first obser- Head are for II. 95 of et is is I 1981mrbf.conf...91P % material Oceanus ring Evidence mostly region :flooding be surrounding general, some Head Procellaruin well ridges Stark (Solomon from The litatis Both tectonism respectively, lunar from basin, differentiating the signal as gravity These of analysis altitude Grimaldi. variations provided data available of components. longitude determined 1978). see samples The The The In The this 3.0 it the accelerations of lunar gravity Zisk, as © this gaps feature the passes of and (1980) lithosphere, (Dvorak the ought to ± within tectonic interior existence contribution modified Lunar three free-air Grimaldi, lunar other lunar and 0.1 these of of in the of the (Talwani gravity Procellarum analysis, by for and Head, orbital The has and R. in superposition 1972). within the Oceanus lunar the by youngest b.y. to and Grimaldi and are the types are spacecraft over or resulting low gravity J. the and impact the gravity been LUNAR are with structures two be and Head, use highlands, to features Phillips poor gravity by orbits 1977). are data. due of are (Boyce, craters inner A and considered Planetary coverage data earlier altitude undergone shown Grimaldi the the resulting several of et Phillips, Apollo respect previously the of crustal these shown Procellarum, undoubtly data determinations structures) to the al., volcanic 1980). and the field, to seen from load lunar consist the ring shown However, 15 (Sjogren and Orientale profiles, GRAVITY associated of the are of occurrence as earth-based the including 1973), 1976). possibility have profiles sub-satellite orbital circumferential are surface 17 to Institute various of associated here of are from are density 1979). these solid J. the Circumferential local crust. in combined parallel by CSM time in east of Grimaldi Dvorak noted interpreted units Grimaldi the been related considered. interpreted stress in Fig. has a which This et the these lines expressed event. loading passes 2.5 of profiles the (Grimaldi) topography interpretation spacecraft and al., Fig. ages orbits Previously, volcanic with • of on of line-of-sight for and been of of discussed the 5 radar ± Provided is AND Doppler with field in was or 1972, rilles 2.8 0.5 to the is effects the are 4. major the volcanic the and The either local somewhat Grimaldi shown Fig. perpendicular by was range attributed the tectonic Rilles to gm/cm b.y. assumed contain topographic surface Grimaldi, accelerations estimated imposed approximately as These Lamont extrusion in show sizes flooding TOPOGRAPHIC 1976). rilles age the be 5. in volcanic and accelerations deemed to intrusive by shift extensional of (Boyce elsewhere was a milligals, in Since occur in of the close 3 (i.e., the volcanic of activity the , similar (Dvorak the apparent altitude exterior have accelerations regional features of any both The typical Fig. in older in the to structure by repetitive result NASA although local from of the earth-to-spacecraft) this surface the unsuitable throughout lunar of and loading (ERT) computing the subsurface to peculiarities the activity last 5 been the vertical from moon. at technique are (Gottlieb, earth-based transpondedradio than isolated flows the were 90 is free-air from and crater of loading of and Johnson, to Astrophysics local undergone load suggests stress region fl.ow Grimaldi orbit. the kilometers. map in the mapped plotted tensional values western a the relief of Phillips, of the compressional 60 used throughout western circular in line-of-sight are control on for and degradation units that rilles DATA most original density this the for gravity They pockets fields. history to the interior last 1970; a in was termed this and 1978), that for in 70 horizontal this would lithospheric as basin coverage the by by edge topographic apparently result which central of Data 1977, stress major by the Mare are mass kilometers; analysis applied The lunar lateral a flexure the model component Phillips field This region Solomon Doppler the interpretation of representing to Grimaldi of this of function ( the System analysis derived component have spacecraft 1978). models that cover Whitford- remaining highlands the fields. Tranquil- load features, Oceanus Grimaldi volcanic volcanic has highland type derived free-air region. already density (Fig. gravity of to due et inner basin shell. been data. been con- and and the the (as the the al., by In to of of of of to 2; 1981mrbf.conf...91P for Fig. V)