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Use of Capital Punishment by Country 1 Use of Capital Punishment by Country

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Use of Capital Punishment by Country 1 Use of Capital Punishment by Country Use of capital punishment by country 1 Use of capital punishment by country The following is a summary of the use of capital punishment by country. Capital Punishment In The World Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the globe, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. Usage of capital punishment is usually broken into the four categories set out below. • 58 (29%) maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. • 96 (49%) have abolished it. • 9 (5%) retain it for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as in time of war). • 34 (17%) permit its use for ordinary crimes, but have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions, or it is under a moratorium. The information above is accurate as of 14 Feb 2011 when Gabon announced the abolition of capital punishment.[1] Legend Abolished for all crimes Abolished for crimes not committed in exceptional circumstances (such as crimes committed in time of war) Abolished in practice Legal form of punishment • 2010 - The following 23 countries carried out executions in 2010: Bahrain (1), Bangladesh (9+), Belarus (2), Botswana (1), China (2000+), Egypt (4), Equatorial Guinea (4), Iran (252+), Iraq (1+), Japan (2), Libya (18+), Malaysia (1+), North Korea (60+), Palestinian Authority (5), Saudi Arabia (27+), Singapore (1+), Somalia (8+), Sudan (6+), Syria (17+), Taiwan (4), USA (46+), Vietnam (1+), Yemen (53+).[2] • 2011 - As of 5 May 2011 executions have been reported in the following 9 countries during 2011: Bangladesh, China, Iran, North Korea, the Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, UAE, USA. • Child Execution - Since 2009 Iran and Saudi Arabia have executed offenders who were under the age of 18 at the time the crime was committed,[3] • Public Execution - Since 2009 public executions have reportedly been carried out by the governments of Iran, North Korea, the Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen. • Extrajudicial Execution- In some countries the practice of extrajudicial execution sporadically or systematically outside their own formal legal frameworks occurs. Information on this is not covered in this article. Use of capital punishment by country 2 The continental tables below contain the ten unrecognized states with de facto control over their territory which are not included in the above numbers. Of these 3 maintain the death penalty in law and practice (Palestinian Authority, Somaliland, & Taiwan), 2 have abolished the death penalty (Kosovo, & Sahrawi Rep.), and the remaining 5 have never used capital punishment since declaring independence and are considered de facto abolitionist (Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, & Transnistria).[4] Africa Of the 54 independent states in Africa that are UN members: • 14 (26%) maintain the death penalty in both law and practice. • 16 (30%) have abolished it. • 0 (0%) retain it for crimes committed in exceptional circumstances (such as in time of war). • 24 (44%) permit its use for ordinary crimes, but have not used it for at least 10 years and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions, or it is under a moratorium. Of the two African limited recognition states not included in the above numbers - Somaliland maintains the death penalty in law and practice and Sahrawi Rep has abolished it. The information above is accurate as of 14 Feb 2011 when Gabon announced the abolition of capital punishment.[5] • Libya is Africa`s leading executioner. There have been recent moves toward abolitionism with 4 states prohibiting the death penalty in the last few years Rwanda (2007), Burundi (2009), Togo (2009), and Gabon (2010). Following the Jasmine Revolution of 2011 Tunisia is moving towards abolition. Executions in 2010: Botswana (1), Egypt (4), Equatorial Guinea (4), Libya (18+), Somalia (8+), Sudan (6+).[2] Note: The tables can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon. Key Country Year of Last Year Notes Execution Executions Abolished 2010 Algeria 1993 n/a Death penalty for Treason; espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory; sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; Terrorism; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft, currently under a moratorium. A project of abolition is being tabled in Parliament in Algeria by Louisa Hanoune and Ahmed Ouyahia since the summer of 2008. Angola None since 1992 Abolished in 1992 by Constitution. independence [6] [7] Benin 1987 n/a Death penalty for Armed robbery; Murder; traffickers involved [8] in "labor exploitation" Current steps are being taken for [9] abolition. [10] Botswana 2010 1 n/a Death penalty for murder; treason; attempt on the life of the head of state; mutiny; desertion in the face of the enemy [11] Burkina Faso 1988 n/a Death penalty for treason [12] [13] Burundi 2000 2009 [14] [15] Cameroon 1997 n/a Death penalty for Secession; espionage; incitement to war Cape Verde None since 1981 Last execution when a colony of Portugal was 1835. Abolished in independence 1981 by Constitution. Use of capital punishment by country 3 Central African 1981 n/a Death penalty for Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; [16] Republic assassination; murder [17] Chad 2003 n/a Death penalty for murder [18] Comoros 1997 n/a [19] Democratic 2003 n/a Republic of the Congo Congo 1982 n/a Côte d'Ivoire None since 2000 [20] independence Djibouti None since 1995 independence [21] Egypt 2010 4 n/a Death penalty for Rape, if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim; murder; treason; organized drug trafficking [22] Equatorial 2010 4 n/a Guinea Eritrea None since n/a Last execution when part of Ethiopia was 1989. independence [23] Ethiopia 2007 n/a Death penalty for murder, Treason, armed conspiracy, genocide, outrages against the constitution [24] [25] Gabon 1981 2010 Abolition was made in Feb 2010, according to Hands Off Cain press release of 15 Feb 2011 Gambia 1981 n/a Death penalty for treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by [26] Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995 [26] Ghana 1993 n/a Death penalty for murder; treason; armed robbery Guinea-Bissau 1986 1993 Abolished 1993 by constitution. [27] Guinea 2001 n/a Death penalty for murder [28] Kenya 1987 n/a Death penalty for murder, armed robbery, treason. On August 3, 2009, the death sentences of all 4,000 death row inmates were commuted to life imprisonment, and government studies were ordered to determine if the death penalty has any impact on crime. Lesotho 1984 n/a [26] Liberia 1995 n/a Death penalty for armed robbery, terrorism, hijacking. On 16 September 2005, Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, abolishing [29] the death penalty, but re-introduced elements of it in July, 2008. [30] Libya 2010 18+ n/a Libya executed more people (18) in 2010 than any other African state. Current laws allow capital punishment for high treason; attempt to [31] forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder Madagascar None since n/a Last execution when a colony of France was in 1958. independence [32] Malawi 1992 n/a Mali 1980 n/a Use of capital punishment by country 4 [33] [34] Mauritania 1987 n/a Death penalty for Sodomy; apostasy (no recorded executions). Mauritius 1987 1995 [28] Morocco 1993 n/a Death penalty for Terrorism. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. (see Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment) Mozambique 1986 1990 Abolished Nov 1990 by Constitution. Namibia None since 1990 Last execution when occupied by South Africa was in 1988. independence Abolished Mar 1990 by Constitution. Niger 1976 n/a [35] [36] Nigeria 2002 n/a Death penalty for sodomy, kidnapping. Each of the 36 states has its own laws. In the north of the country, Sharia (Islamic law) is used. In Imo State, a bill that provided capital punishment for kidnapping was signed into law. [37] Rwanda 1998 2007 Since some of the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide fled to countries that refuse to extradite suspects to countries that use capital punishment, the Rwandan parliament voted to abolish capital punishment in 2007. Sahrawi Arab None since 1991 The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic outlaws Democratic Republic independence the death penalty: Article 13 from the 1991 revision reads "The death [38] penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.) São Tomé and None since 1990 Abolished Sep 1990 by Constitution. Príncipe independence Senegal 1967 2004 Seychelles None since 1993 Abolished Jun 1993 by Constitution. independence [39] Sierra Leone 1998 n/a Death penalty for treason; Murder; aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes [40] Somalia 2011 8+ n/a Somalia is the only African state that continues to carry out public executions. The Transitional Federal Government laws allow for execution (in the limited area of the country it controls) for murder and adultery. Somaliland 2006 n/a [41] South Africa 1989 1995 The last execution by the South African government was on 14 November 1989. An execution occurred in the internationally [14] unrecognised "homeland" of Venda in 1991. Capital punishment was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court on 6 June 1995 in the case of S v Makwanyane and Another. In 1997 the Criminal Law Amendment Act formally removed the invalidated provisions from the statute-book, and made provision for the [42] resentencing of prisoners previously sentenced to death. On 25 May 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced as [43] soon as possible.
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