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Railway Construction in Rajasthan and Its Impact Till 1914 A.D

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Railway Construction in Rajasthan and Its Impact Till 1914 A.D RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION IN RAJASTHAN AND ITS IMPACT TILL 1914 A.D. THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN HISTORY By KHALID AHMAD Under the Supervision of PROF. M. K. PUNDHIR CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA) 2018 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY M.K. PUNDHIR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Professor of History Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh- 202 002 Dated: ………………………….. Certificate ‘Railway ConstructionThis is intoRajasthan certify thatand Itsthe Impact thesis till entitled 1914 A.D.’ Mr. Khalid Ahmad is the original work of completed under my supervision. TheDoctor thesis ofis suitablePhilosophy for submission for the award of the degree of in History. (Prof. M.K. Pundhir) Supervisor Telephone : (0571) 2703146; Fax No. (0571) 2703146; Internal: 1480 and 1481 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all it is obligatory to thank Almighty “Allah,” the lord of the Alamin, the most gracious and most merciful, who gave me potential and courage to accomplish this work. I would like to pay deep reverence from the bottom of my heart to my supervisor Professor M. K. Pundhir for his able guidance and constant encouragement. His moral support and masterly guidance was a constant inspiration for me throughout my research work. It is my pleasant duty to thanks Professor Syed Ali Nadeem Rezavi, Chairman and Coordinator, Centre of Advanced Study Department of History, AMU, Aligarh who was gracious to furnish facilities to accomplish this work. I offer my grateful thanks to the entire staff of the Seminar Library, Centre of Advanced Study Department of History, AMU, Aligarh and Maulana Azad Library, AMU, Aligarh. I extend my special thanks to the National Archives of India (NAI), New Delhi; Rajasthan States Archives (RSA), Bikaner; Central Library, Rajasthan University, Jaipur to allow me to access Government Records for my research work. Without their cooperation’s it was not possible to complete my research work. I would also like to pay special thanks to Dr. Md. Faisal Abdullah (NAI, New Delhi), Sanjukta Talukdar (NAI, New Delhi), Surendra Singh Rajpurohit (RAS, Bikaner) and Hari Mohan Meena (RSA, Bikaner) for their helps. It is my duty to acknowledge the gratitude to the Indian Council for Historical Research, New Delhi, for providing me the scholarship (ICHR- JRF) and study cum travel grant which immensely facilitated smooth conducting of my research work and material collection. Of course, no acknowledgements would be complete without giving thanks to my parents who have been the main source of inspiration to carry on the research work. I wish I could find right words to express my indebtedness to my parents, Mohd. Suleman and Late Nazma Khatoon for their unconditional love, affection, i constant encouragement and support throughout my life. Their fervent prayers have resulted in my happiness and progress. I would not have been able to complete this colossal task without their consistent boosting in difficult times. I feel short of words to express sincere thanks to my elder brothers Mohsin Hasan, Nezamul Hasan, Rizwan Hasan, Sarfaraz Ahmad and Shahnawaz Hasan, whose affection and support continuously kept my spirit high throughout my research work. I also express grateful thanks to my wife Salma for her love, affection and support. I am immensely thankful to my younger brothers Nazim Hasan and Md. Aamir, my lovable sisters Nikhat Jaha, Ishrat Jaha, Afsar Jaha, Rukhsar Parween and Ghazala Shaheen for their moral support and loving care. I wish to convey my heartiest thanks to my friends Fakrul Islam Laskar, Md. Masiur Rahaman, Md. Imran Ansari, Hisham Zaidi, Abdullah Khan, Kamal Kumar, Tabresh Alam, Saba Samreen, Hina Akhlaq, Shadab Khan, Firoz Ahmad, Ajay Yadav and Waqas Waris for their suggestions, constant encouragement and support during my research work. I would also express my thanks to my nephew Md. Belal Hussain Ansari and Saqib Raza. I also extend heartiest thanks to my seniors and juniors like Mr. Qamre Alam, Dr. Enayatullah Khan, Dr. Manu Jayas, Dr. Mumtaz Alam, Dr. Syed Akhtar Hasan, Dr. Nafeesh Ahmad, Dr. Salim Zawed, Dr. Neema Ahmad, Dr. Kanchan Lawaniya, Dr. Pradeep Kumar, Mohd Shahnawaz, Mustaq Alish Ajaja, Irfan Ahmed and Chandresh Singh, who always motivated and supported me in all the way. Finally, I want to pay my sincere gratitude to one and all again who have been helping me in bringing out this thesis. Though, I received help and guidance from a number of distinguished persons, but none of them is responsible for the errors that still remain. (Khalid Ahmad) ii CONTENTS Page No. Acknowledgement i – ii Contents iii – iv List of Tables v – vi Glossary of the Terms used for Railway vii Introduction 1 - 12 Chapter 1 Geographical and Historical Profile of Rajasthan 13 - 27 I. Geography of Rajasthan II. Historical Profile of Rajasthan Chapter 2 Introduction of Railway in Rajasthan and Railway Construction 28 - 82 I. Agra Bharatpur to Nasirabad Railway II. Sāmbhar Lake Branch Extensions III. Delhi Bandikui Railway IV. Rewari Phulera Chord Railway V. Neemuch Nasirabad Railway VI. Jodhpur State Railway VII. Jodhpur Bikaner Railway VIII. Bikaner Bhatinda Railway IX. Degana Hissar Railway Chapter 3 Railway Construction: Acquisition of lands for Railways in Rajputana States 83 - 106 I. Terms and Conditions required for Railway Construction in Rajputana States II. Process to accept required Terms and Conditions by the respective individual Rajputana States Chapter 4 Railway Construction: Progress and Management 107 - 167 I. Udaipur Chitor Railway iii II. Jaipur Sawai Madhopur Railway III. Baran Kota Railway IV. Proposed Railway line from Marwar to Kota V. Nagda Kota Mathura Railway VI. Dholpur Bari Light Railway VII. Management of Railways in Rajputana States Chapter 5 Impact of Railway Construction in Rajasthan till 1914 A.D. 168 - 189 I. Economic Impact of Railways in Rajputana States II. Political and Social Impact of Railways in Rajputana States Conclusion 190 - 194 Bibliography 195 - 204 Appendices I. Document – I – Rajputana Agency Record, Railway II. Document – II - Mewar Residency Office, Railways iv LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page No. 1 Table showing financial burden on the Indian Tax Payers 8 2.1 Summary of Agra to Sāmbhar Railway 39 2.2 Summary of the extension of the Sambhar Lake Salt 40 Branch 2.3 Summary of Delhi Bandukui Railway 42 2.4 Rajputana Section (main line) 43 2.5 Branches of Rajputana Malwa Railway on Rajputana 44 Section 2.6 The estimated cost of the first section of the Neemuch 48 Nasirabad Railway 2.7 Neemuch Nasirabad Railway line: General Cost of abstract 51 in Rupees 2.8 Summary of the Neemuch Nasirabad Railway 53 2.9 Total expenditure of the section of Jodhpur Railway from 57 Kharachi to Pali 2.10 Total estimated cost of the first section of the Jodhpur 61 Bikaner Railway from Jodhpur to Jodhpur Frontier (A total distance of 198.81 kms and plus 2.34 kms sidings) 2.11 Cost per kilometers 65 2.12 The estimated cost for the section of Lunkarsar to 68 Suratgarh of the Bikaner Bhatinda Railway 2.13 Table showing the comparison of the estimated cost 71 section wise 2.14 Details of the construction of Bikaner Bhatinda Railway 74 line 2.15 Abstract of the estimated cost of the line from Merta Road 78 to Merta City 2.16 Constructed Railway line under Jodhpur Bikaner Railway 81 (Jodhpur Section) 2.17 Constructed railway line under Jodhpur Bikaner Railway 82 (Bikaner Section) 4.1 List of Station Between Bara and Kota 119 4.2 Distance from Rajputana States to three important port of 129 India. v 4.3 The comparison between proposed railway and present 130 distance between respective Rajputana States 4.4 Comparison between new and old alignment between 138 Nagda and Gerot with Savielle 4.5 Comparison between Jhalrapatan Road and Masalpura Gap 138 4.6 Comparison between Nagda to Gerot alignment (new and 143 old) 4.7 Comparison between Gerot to Sawai Madhopur (via Bara 145 and Kota) 4.8 Comparison between Sawai Madhopur to Bharatpur 146 4.9 Comparison between Bharatpur to Mathura 146 4.10 Final description of two alignment between Nagda to 147 Mathura 4.11 Nagda Mathura Railway ( General abstract of the cost) 148 4.12 Real traffic from different Stations and its income during 157 three years 4.13 The estimated cost of light railway from Dholpur to Bari 158 (30.9 kms) 4.14 List of Stations between Dholpur to Bari 160 5.1 Table showing collection of revenue by Jaipur State 171 5.2 Goods carried by Jodhpur Bikaner Railway (Jodhpur 174 Section) 5.3 Goods carried by Jodhpur Bikaner Railway (Bikaner 174 Section) 5.4 Development of trade and commerce in Rajputana and 175 Central India 5.5 Proposition of Import and Export to Ajmer and Beawar 176 vi GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED FOR RAILWAY Broad Gauge 5 feet to 5 feet 6 inch Dead End A Rail line that is closed at one end Light Railway 2 feet, 2 feet 6 inch Meter Gauge 3 feet inch Narrow Gauge 2 feet, 2 feet 6 inch Standard Gauge 4 feet 8 ½ inch vii Introduction INTRODUCTION In 1873 a new era was started in Rajasthan with the introduction of quick transportation system i.e. the railway. In this year the first railway was started in Bharatpur territory, when the construction of the railway was commenced from Agra1 to Bharatpur.2 This 53.51 kms railway line was opened for firstly goods traffic in August 18733 and later on March 31, 1874 for public traffic. Further this line was extended up to Jaipur via Helak, Nadbai, Kherli, Mandawar, Biwai, Bandikui, Arna, Doss, Jetwars, Basi, Kanota and Sanganeer. On April 20, 1874 this line was firstly opened for traffic up to Doss and later on October 12, 1874 up to Jaipur.
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