::E: m Annie Wiramina Stirling - known as Mina ! -c THE NGAI TAHU MAGAZINE ~ Mina Stirling was the daughter of Te Rongotehengia an influential role in the politics of Canterbury Ngai Tahu Makariri I Winter 2000 JtJ Nihoniho and was raised by her grandmother Leah from Kaikaura to Tuahiwi and across to the marae of o Solomon. Taua Leah lived in Christchurch rather than Banks Peninsula. EDITOR Gabrielle Huria .... Tuahiwi for most of Mina's childhood, first in Mina was renowned for being able to make ASSISTANT EDITOR Adrienne Anderson \II Armagh Street and then Worcester a meal out of anything. During her time at CONTRIBUTORS Sandi Barr o Street. Their home was the focal the Christchurch RSA she catered for Pirimia Burger .,.. point for Leah's brothers and numerous socials, a venue that Ross Caiman editorial JtJ sisters when they came to was a great meeting place for Donald CO\Jch town. They always knew local Maori during the 70s. Jackie Curtis GABRIELLE HURIA O...... there was a welcome and She was a very hard worker Carol Donovan rJI' a bite to eat there. From and always had a part­ Edward Ellison Puamiria Parata-Goodall Tena koe, time job cleaning or '" her earliest years Mina Thelma Manaena -'learnt the value of cooking. Ripeka Paraone Thank you for your letters and story suggestions. We are always pleased to She learnt early manaakitanga. Riria Pirika receive your feedback and any ideas you would like to see us cover in this Mina was an on about death, many Hana Potiki your tribal magazine. If you are on-line please email [email protected]. excellent food members of her Tahu Potiki With this issue of te Karaka we sent one per household as opposed to one gatherer. As a family died young Tarlin Prendergast Irihapeti Ramsden per tribal member over the age of 18. Your feedback will help us decide child during the through TB. As a TeMaireTau whether this saving is a good idea or not. depression years parent she had to Ariana Tikao she would bike deal with the death Kelly Tikao I also wish to clarify the magazine's policy when it comes to the Ngai Tahu/ to New Brighton , of three of her own Nicky Tipa Kai Tahu dialect. The dialect debate - to use or not to use the southern k is to fetch the children before Rob Tipa still happening in the language circles of the tribe. Because of this, we respect mussels that her her which marked Claire White Paul White each contributor's choice and will print accordingly. In instances where the Taua had har­ her final years with DionWiliiams southern k is used the practice is not to underline. vested off the great sadness. Robin Wybrow old Brighton As she grew Our cover picture shows Graham Metzger maintaining the age-old Ngai Tahu pier. With her . older her dry wit DESIGN Jenny Rendall muttonbirding tradition of the paha. This was the old way of preserving food, matua whangai . and outspoken­ PRINTING Spectrum Print especially tlU. The birds are preserved in their own fat in a kelp bag that sits she would bike all ness could bring the PUBLISHER Ngai Tahu Publications Ltd in a flax kete. The Metzgers are one of the families who keep this tradition over town to get most serious hui PO Box 13046, Christchurch alive. We are fortunate that we still have their expertise within the tribe. pork bones to feed back down to earth. Phone 03-366 4344 the family. As an With people and sit­ Fax 03-365 4424 The photo is a potent symbol of the spirit of cultural regeneration that seems adult she always kept uations she had a knack to be our current tribal focus. Tribal members from Awarua to Kaikaura are an eye out for a good of peeling through the ,~ "'''~~,~~,~ contributing their skills and discovering new talents with the building of the patch of pOha even if it layers and going straight (S) "..',:,r:. ,.."" - distinctive meeting house at Bluff, which Rob Tipa recently visited (see page was in a Cashmere to the heart of an issue with 6). Ngai Tahu Development Corporation is facilitating our language revival garden that she passed on honesty and humour. Contributions and letters to the Editor should be sent to: with the assistance of the Ngai Tahu language planning committee (see page her way to work. There are now few elders 27). Also in this issue Kaiwhakahaere Mark Solomon writes about two Her taumau (arranged) such as Mina left, who were rai~ed TEKARAKA significant cultural developments that are firsts for the tribe. It is an exciting marriage to Wahawaha Stirling in poverty during the depression The Editor, Office of Te RQnanga 0 Ngai Tahu time to be Ngai Tahu. complemented her 'manaaki ki te years, entered their adulthood during the PO Box 13 046, CHRISTCHURCH whanau' beliefs, as these values were also Second World War and yet despite personal © 2000 The entire contents of te Karaka are copyright important to him. Much of their early married life was hardships were still committed to their people and and may not be reproduced in any form either in part or in whole without the written permission of the spent supporting younger family members with a place community. publisher. All letters addressed to te Karaka will be Cover Photo: to stay and a meal in the pot. She was a woman who There is a saying from Mina's hapO Ngai TOahuriri, assumed intended for publication unless clearly focused on raising the family. Having been an only child which was uttered after the fall of Kaiapoi pa. During marked "Not for Publication". Graham Metzger with some of the poha he has made for the Te Rau Aroha marae. Graham has been harvesting tTtl on PikomamakO Island on she was a mother first and foremost. She was also a the movement south, the people turned to an elder for Opinions expressed in te Karaka are those of the the east coast of Rakiura all his life and has continued the tradition of pillar of support to her husband as he performed his help in their migration. Old and feeble, the elder wanted writers and not necessarily endorsed by Te ROnanga 0 duties as kaumatua and as a repository of cultural to remain near his fire. But the people, unsure of NgaiTahu. preserving birds in kelp bags, tOtara bark and woven flax handles, that he was taught as a boy. heritage. As she grew older she became the unifying themselves, urged the elder to come for no other reason person for her extended family, looking after her than for the fact that he was a rock in the sea to which mokopuna and helping her children. Mina was the pivot they could cling. The saying was, "me haere ana koe that linked her family children and grandchildren to the hei pahatu ma a mokopuna". This was the role that wider branches of the Solomon family, who have held Mina played in her later years. Issue 14 published July 2000

© Ngai Tahu Publications Limited www.ngaitahu.iwi.nz

ISSN No. 1173/6011 6 Awarua Celebrates Iwi Revival College, Marie was on the staff at Ratana Pa, Nuhaka contents The growth and development ofAwarua Taua Celebrates turning Z and Bethlehem native schools. Her wonderful flair for » 10 Iwikau and Tikao colourful arts, crafts and talent for teaching children's TE KARAKA - Makariri / Winter 2000 Eighty :I: --I Ka Tohu Rakatira operas and sewing the costumes delighted parents and On 1 March, Marie Whaanga celebrated her eightieth » 13 Taranaki Hikoi ki Otakou children who saw and heard them. Many people recall :I: birthday. Born at the Little River Hospital on Banks Otakou hosts Taranaki manuhiri on a hTkoi to commemorate the loss of whanau last with pleasure the happy years spent in her classes. century Peninsula in 1920, Helen Marie was the second daughter en- In 1949 Marie married her true love Tureia Stone of Pani and Jim Skipper. She had four sisters, Katarina, o 16 Being Kai Tahu Whaanga (1918-1992). They went on to have two sons, Tribal Members share their experiences ofbeing Kai Tahu Beulah, Anne and Dawn and two brothers, Jim and " - Gray and John (1955-1981). » en George. 20 Ali's Home Help en Ali Harpur's exciting new business venture A happy childhood with loving memories of Taua ::E: Makareta Robinson (Morrell whanau) and Mere and c: 21 Ben Te Aika m A Ngai Tahu ta moko practitioner Kerei Skipper (Kipa) was spent at Little River and m Birdlings Flat, where her father worked on the railway. - 22 Te Runanga 0 Ngai Tahu to Host International Diabetes Conference --I Marie attended Wairewa Native School, Birdlings .... 49 Gone No Address List Flat. She enjoyed her school years there and told her - Have you andyour whanau been recieving your Ngai Tahu mail? teacher that her dream was to become a teacher when :I: she grew up - unheard of in that era - but a dream that Regular Features came true. She then went on to Te Waipounamu College m 3 Ahakoa he iti, he pounamu and was a night student at Christchurch Technical \J News and views from members of Ngai Tahu whanui College. 9 From the Kaiwhakahaere At 16 Marie was a junior assistant at Te Matai, o Omaio and Papamoa native schools. c: 19 News from Whakapapa Ngai Tahu Following her years at Christchurch Training 24 Te Pataka Korero z 44 Young Achievers Te Ahikaaroa makes debut at National Champs » The successes of Ngai Tahu rakatahi Na Puamiria Parata-Goodall s 45 Book Review Donald Couch reviews When the Waves Rolled in Upon Us and Still Being Punished c: 47 Crossword 47 What's Cooking 48 Nga Reta - Letters to the Editor 53 Tamariki Ma

Development Corporation 27 The Loss of Our Language The first in a series of articles from the new Ngai Tahu Development Corporation Language Planning Committee 30 Runaka Profiles Te ROnanga 0 Kaikoura and Te ROnanga Otakou 33 He Oranga Pounamu A new health and social services strategy 34 Rakiura Waka Unearthed The findings ofa recent excavation at Mason's Bay 36 Kai Tahu ki Hokianga A personal interview with Juanita Hoani Te Uruti 37 Meet Karaitiana Taiuru An interview with a Ngai Tahu computer wizard 39 Dean Phipps - Ngai Tahu's Team NZ Hero

40 Toi Rakatahi 42 Ngai Tahu Development Corporation Product Order Form Tenei matou 0 Te Ahikaaroa e piJkanakana ana ki nga iwi 0 te motu! Imagine this, your first time competing at a national level, you look out from the holding tent, there are thousands of people watching the stage. You look again and there on the stage is the top team, the very best, ka tohuka ki enei mahi, Waihirere socking it to the audience. For me, a member of Te Ahikaaroa Kapa Haka, it was exhilarating! After four and a half months of intensive composing, arranging choreography, training and perfecting, we were finally going to stand before the nation and announce: "Anei ka uri 0 Te Waipounamu, 0 Aoraki mauka, 0 Kai Tahu whanui e whakaeke nei e!"

2 TE KARAKA Makarir; I Winter 2000 Makariri I Winter 2000TE KARAKA 3 » With great trepidation, Te Ahikaaroa stepped up to the mark in the wake of Waihirere and gave it everything we It was a very short time later that her attacker, twenty-year-old Daniel Laws, crashed into a car outside the ... had. Our programme, de.livered in Kai Ta~u. dialect, sp.oke ~f our beautif~1 k~ik~, ~etold s~m~ of its many stories and police station and, after trying to kidnap two others, was eventually shot at by the police and wounded. It was later » .... paid homage to our gracIous hosts, Te AnklnUi Te Atalranglkaahu, Te KahUi Ankl and TalnUi waka. discovered that he had been on a five-day drug and booze bender. Soon afterwards he was sentenced to ten years ::J: » A long way from our humble beginnings in 1993, Te Ahikaaroa competed for the first time in the 13th Aotearoa in prison. Maringi is not fearful of his release from prison but has become ever so much more mindful of security -r Traditional Maori Performing Arts Festival, held at :orangawaewae, Waikato, on Waita~gi weekend 2000. One of around the house and acute awareness of people on the street. » '"' 37 competing teams, we were awarded 2nd place In the new teams category, and achieved 21 st equal In overall When speaking of the incident now, Maringi says she is "getting on with her life one day at a time. We all have o rankings. A placing we proudly share with our Ngati Kahungunu whanauka of Tamatea Arikinui. things we have to bear but you have to get on with life." Of her recent bravery award, she is grateful and proud for o » It was an invigorating experience that would not have been possible without the support of many. In particular the recognition of the survival of her ordeal. we acknowledge our main sponsors: Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu, Ngai Tahu Development Corporation, Te Puni Kokiri " Maringi Osborne (nee Tamati) is the mother of four children. She affiliates to Te Atiawa, Ngati Mutunga, Kai Tahu, .....» ::I: Services, Ken Tainui and Buddy Tainui. To our many supporters who cheered us on from their balconies at Rapaki, Kati Mamoe and Waitaha and is a mokopuna of the Erehana whanau. cooked our meals, looked after our children, made our uniforms, attended fundrais.ing functions, to our husbands, ::J: m wives, mums, dads, taua and poua, words alone can not express our deepest gratitude. - No reira, Aoraki mauka, Kai Tahu whanui, te koraha Waitaha, tenei taku til no Te Waipounamu e. Ahakoa m --I tauhou, ropO iti kore noa no te marakerake, titiro nei au, e roko nei au i te horo pounamu e. TO mai ka toa taumata Diploma Milestone... and one more makes three - .....- 0 te ao, e mihi ana au ko Te Ahikaaroa, aue aue aue ha, aue aue aue ha, Hi! --I Early last year Ray Isaacs and his two children, Jason however it is best summed up by the motto of the Berkley ..... ::J: Diamonds are forever (13) and Kiri (11), moved their lives from Otautahi to Normal Middle School where Jason and Kiri are students - Kirikiriroa (Hamilton) in the north to pursue their passion and Ray a teacher: "Take up the Challenge - we care, ::J: On 21 March, Koa and AI Murdoch celebrated their diamond wedding m for te reo and to further their education. The move has kia manaaki, we share, kia tiaki, we dare, kia toa..." -a anniversary amongst family and friends at their home in Whangarei. proved successful for the family with all three having m It was at the other end of the country, however, that they originally achieved success in their chosen areas, adding a third -a O met and married sixty years ago. Koa was born at Greenhills near diploma to the family line up in the process. c: Bluff. She met AI, who had moved to Bluff to work on the wharf, when In 1998 Ray completed his Diploma in Teaching o he was playing rugby with her brother and she would go along and and then last year went on to complete a year of full­ c: Z watch. time study at Waikato University in Maori and Pacific Z » The couple married at St Matthew's Church in Bluff in 1940 and Development, as well as working as a relief teacher and =::III went on to have five children. They now have seven grandchildren kapa haka tutor. At just ten years of age Kiri completed » :=a and two great-grandchildren. a Modelling Diploma at Spotlight Model Agency in 3: c: The secret to their long-lasting happiness - "respect and Christchurch and last year added kapa haka, cross tolerance for each other". ' country and basketball honours to her growing list of c: Koa and AI Murdoch on their sixtieth wedding anniversary achievements. Jason completed the family diploma line Award given for Br~.y_~ry up in December last year when he was awarded a diploma for merit in all of his school subjects, with maths When Maringi heard a knock at her door at 7am and physical education being with merit and credit. one morning in August 1998 she assumed that it was The Isaac family get their motivation from the words her husband or son come home to have an early morning of our tfpuna, "take (learn) from the Pakeha, and put it cup of coffee. However, when she turned to go and to use, to our people". Collectively they have many words Ray Isaacs, son Jason and daughter Kiri proudly show answer the front door there before her was a young their diplomas. of wisdom in offering encouragement to others. Perhaps skinhead wielding a shotgun and yelling abuse. Maringi, dressed only in a teeshirt and dressing gown, was ordered to get the keys to the car and was then forced to 'E get in the car with him as he informed her they were going Recognition for Henley Trustee ~ on a joyride. This was the beginning of a nightmare ...C1:l Ian Bryant's link with Henley School on the Taieri r~7~:====~~;::::=--=~---l Ql journey around the streets of Christchurch that Maringi .c: Plain in Otago goes right back to when he was a ~ describes as being like a scene from "some horrible pupil there himself, but it was his involvement as .~ movie". a school trustee over the past nine years that has ~ After some time spent speeding around the city, earned him national recognition. Ian was one of :~ driving the wrong way up a one way street and abusing twenty-five recipients of a 1999 Multi Service other motorists, Maringi and her assailant ended up in ~ National Education Service Award, which is Cathedral Square where Maringi made her escape. presented to those who have gone the extra mile "You have been nominated in recognition of your bravery Making the suggestion that she could catch a bus home for education. Ian said he was surprised about the on 26 August 1998 when you were forced to accompany and being laughed at, Maringi found the strength from award but happy to accept it. ''Trustees don't get an armed offender around the city... It is my pleasure to somewhere to get out of the car. Expecting to be shot in much recognition, they tend to work in the advise you that you have been awarded a the back she made her way to the bus kiosk to seek help. background. Under the Tomorrow's Schools Commissioner's Certificate of Appreciation." This was At this point her attacker sped off and Maringi suddenly system there are three partners running schools, the award bestowed upon Maringi Osborne in May of realised that here she was in town in her dressing gown the government, teachers and trustees, but the i' this year by Jim Millar, the Acting District Commander of and teeshirt wearing no underwear - "a double other two seem to get more of the media (}, Police, eighteen months after surviving her nightmare nightmare". Her big concern at this point was that the attention." Ian is of Ngai Tahu descent through his father's whakapapa to early Maori living at the Henley Kaik. ordeal of being abducted at gunpoint from her home in man at the kiosk would think that she was an escaped Amongst his contributions to the school is a programme he voluntarily organised for visits to local Maori historical Central Christchurch and taken on a short but terrifying psychiatric patient - her fears were soon put to rest and sites that are not widely known. joyride in her own car. she made a call to the police.

4 TE KARAKA Makariri / Winter 2000 Makariri / Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 5 o Friday afternoon and Te Rau Aroha marae in the heart of Bluff is o m bursting with energy as a dozen bright, happy faces prepare m r­ kiekie for weaving into tukutuku panels for their new wharerau. r­ m The sweet scent of this flax-like epiphyte, freshly harvested from the West m m Coast forest, mingles with the resin of newly carved totara of two stylised, m :0 larger-than-life tOpuna wahine - striking southern women who watch over :0 this hive of activity from a lofty height. » Another group of women are busy in the kitchen baking for a christening » -I by the bishop on the marae tomorrow. Out the back some of the men are in -I m the shed shucking paua, shelling Bluff oysters for guests, sampling a few m (JJ and stoking up an old copper to bleach kiekie. (JJ Kaumatua patiently nurse mokopuna on their hips, pre-schoolers - charge about with more energy than direction and school children stroll - ~ through the marae on their way home from school. ~ - The marae is a vibrant focal point for the whole Bluff community, a town of between 2,000 and 2,500 people, 70% of whom are Ngai Tahu. One - :0 of its greatest strengths is that its people have always lived and worked right :D m here, around the marae. Further north, many Ngai Tahu people lost touch m with their culture when they were forced to leave their kaika and marae to < find work in the cities. < <- Awarua rOnanga kaiwhakahaere Hana Morgan acknowledges a strong -< » groundswell of a cultural and commercial revival of the iwi in the Deep South. » The rOnanga has always had a strong core group and many of their r- children have grown up on the marae. The whanau easily spans four or five r- generations, but a decision to go ahead with a $1 m development project, including a new meeting house, has strengthened bonds, particularly over the last twelve to eighteen months, and triggered a momentum of its own. "We've always talked about building a meeting house, but we're all getting older and we decided it was time to get down and do it," Hana says. "It's given people the incentive to come and get involved and the numbers of people regularly frequenting the marae has more than doubled. "Most Bluff people are very practical and, once a decision is made to go ahead with a project, they love to get involved and get on with it," she says. "The doors are open to all, Maori and Pakeha, and everyone is welcome." The purpose of a new meeting house is to meet the rOnanga's growing cultural needs, but Hana says they are aware of commercial possibilities as well. With Rakiura poised to become a national park - and the huge influx of tourists that it is likely to generate - the marae could become a cultural attraction in itself and a focus for visitors to Bluff. Invercargill architect Alan Mollison, who designed the rOnanga's existing wharekai, has produced a distinctively southern circular meeting house. In fact, the concept - a series of triangles giving the appearance of a round building - was typical of structures that evolved in the south. The design was quicker and easier to build than the classic Maori meeting house of northern iwi. It was better suited to a seasonal lifestyle and the brisk southern climate and was still in common use on the Tm Islands in the last century. Building consents have been received, a tender for construction

6 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 7 has been accepted and they are ready to start work. » Plans include a covered outdoor area between the II ~ existing building and the wharerau,a new mattress :::D storage room and an upgrade of the kitchen and furniture » in the wharekai. Tribal Identity o :::D In the meantime, plans are also underway to build S a kohanga reo to cater for twenty to thirty children c: approaching school age. The rOnanga hopes to finish in a changing -I » that project before the wharerau opens in 2001 . :I: The Crown's settlement of Ngai Tahu's treaty claim o has given the rOnanga the confidence to proceed with world m m their development plans. They have received funding ~ ,... from the Lottery Marae Heritage and Facilities Board, Heritage New Zealand and are also seeking the support » m of the Southland Community Trust and Creative New to Zealand. - "Our aim is to complete the project debt-free," says ~ :::D Hana Morgan. "The bottom line is we are still going HOur kaumCitua are » ahead. We've got our business to bolster us and if we the living bridge -I have to we'll borrow." » The business she refers to is the Awarua Tio Two significant cultural developments are on the Ngai ~ m Development Company, a major commercial step by the behNeenthe Tahu agenda this year. The first took place in March when en rOnanga towards its goal of financial independence. ·· 0 f » Previously it contracted a fishing vessel to harvest Tuahiwi Marae hosted a kaumatua hui and, by the tradItlons our :I: - oysters from Foveaux Strait and last June bought its own publication of this magazine, the second hui will have ~ ~ vessel, Ngaroimata, which is run by a skipper, four crew taken place. These hui are momentous because it has tupuna and the path - and a trainee. been some years since our taua and poua gathered for for future :::D :::D The rOnanga leases a Bluff factory and employs a take other than the Ngai Tahu claim. The first hui was very well attended with kaumatua travelling from all over about twenty staff, 75% of them Ngai Tahu, to process generations.II m oysters marketed by Ngai Tahu Fisheries. New Zealand. m < It is a lucrative business and a ground-breaking Despite the wide range of thought, several common - commercial model of how a rOnanga and a tribal themes ran through the hui: < company can work together, Hana says. About a month • The place and importance of whakapapa in all our Puketeraki are the hosts. » into the season, both parties are still working on their tribal endeavours. Aukaha Kia Kaha, as the name suggests, is about ,... business relationship. Eventually, the rOnanga would like • The relationship between Ngai Tahu whanui and the strengthening the whakapapa ties that bind us together to take control of its tio (oyster) business from the Ngai Tahu corporate. through the arts medium. Kaumatua storytelling and dredging to the marketing. • Upholding Maori values, tikanga and kawa in traditional and contemporary arts are just some of the For Awarua, commercial and cultural development everything we do. In particular the value of our taua and activities the festival offers. Festival-goers will also have are closely linked. Their aims are creating employment, poua. Take away this group from the tribe and the tribe the opportunity to visit and learn about wahi tapu sites in personal empowerment of their people and financial will die. the area. independence to sustain and strengthen the marae. The concept of a council of elders was very popular, Our unique Ngai Tahu culture has been over a On yet another level, the rOnanga employs five full­ although the hui decided that the kaumatua needed to thousand years in the making. It represents everything time and two part-time staff who offer a range of health, return to their home bases to discuss this idea more fully. that we are as a community and exists nowhere else in social and counselling services throughout Southland. The question still to be determined is, where would be the world. With colonisation we lost our language and They are contracted to the Health Funding Authority and the best place for such a council to sit within the structure our ability to define our world through communication. the Department of Child, Youth and Family Services. of Ngai Tahu? Despite this setback we have managed to hold onto Culturally, Hana says the rOnanga is indebted to many other aspects of our culture and we are rebuilding. the huge contribution of Bill Solomon and his team from Our kaumatua are the living bridge between the Kaikoura, and to Cliff Whiting, who has been travelling traditions of our tOpuna and the path for future As an indigenous people, to further survive the impact to Bluff regularly since January last year to revive and generations. As today's guardians of tribal heritage and of globalisation we need to constantly reaffirm our values teach some of the weaving, carving and design skills for assets we need to ensure that what drives us is always and traditions. Developments in technology such as the the development. for the benefit of the iwi. It is reassuring to know that our Internet brings the world into our homes. Multinational His workshops have attracted huge interest from kaumatua are developing a forum to discuss tribal issues companies like McDonald's with their own strong school children, Maori studies groups from two as an independent body. corporate culture cross national boundaries and polytechnics, the Dunedin College of Education and the Another cultural event of significance this year is influence our lives. Now more than ever it is important Southland Institute of Technology as well as television the first Ngai Tahu performing, visual and language arts that we hold on to our strong tribal identity. The arts and media coverage. festival. Aukaha kia Kaha, (Strengthen the Bindings) will festival and the kaumatua hui reassure me that we are "The beauty of this project is that we're finding be held in Dunedin 29 September -1 October. Ngai Tahu positioning ourselves to manage these vast changes in people are extending themselves and developing new Development Corporation is organising this event and our world. Together they set a precedent and a challenge skills. Almost none of our people, not even kaumatua, the three rOnanga of the area, Te ROnanga Otakou, Te to continue. have done tukutuku or whakairo or kowhaiwhai work ROnanga 0 Moeraki, and Kati Huirapa ROnanga ki before. A lot of people are finding hidden talents," Hana says.

8 TE KARAKA Makarir; I Winter 2000 Makar;r; I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 9 had happened. lwikau was clear that he did not directly claim to be ~ The four-month-old Treaty of Waitangi was signed - -~ e from Akaroa. He was from Kaiapoi and resident at Puari, < by two men who between them represented the major but his status among his people was so confirmed that ­ - hapO of their area in their time. lwikau and Piuraki Tikao land sales on the peninsula to the French or the English " lived in the violent period of Ngai Tahu history when did not go ahead unless he agreed. His mana was again ):> » colonisation, musket wars, shifts in land ownership (fair upheld by the decision that he was to be a signatory to c: c:" I and unfair), decimation through infectious diseases and the Treaty of Waitangi. Maori adjustment to these enormous pressures was In April 1842, Magistrate Robinson reported lwikau -...-.. e happening. as reasserting Maori rights to Banks Peninsula. There- """. » On the Treaty document it says of lwikau: "Ko te after lwikau appears in history advocating for his Z z tohu 0 lwikau rangatira 0 Ngatirangiamoa". He was well people. In 1844, the baptism of his infant son with his C c known for his high second wife Ruru, is status and leadership recorded. They named -f -f I skills. Although his this son Hori Kingi. The _ name is spelt differently godfather was Aperahama " - in several documents, it Te Aika (Catholic Register). -...-.. is possible to trace Later lwikau drew """. » some of his story from up a list of items to be 0 o" the 1830s, when he brought from Sydney, was involved in the required as payment for Ka Tohu Rakatira defence of Ngai Tahu the French purchases of during the musket raids land in April 1845. by Irihapeti Ramsden of Te Rauparaha. Magistrate Robinson The matamua ofTe noted that Iwikau had Whe and Te Haritaua (or died before the payment MIHI WHAKATAU Te Aritaua) of Ngati was distributed. It seems Rangiamoa, Iwikau was that none of his children the first cousin of survived, although the Tua te Kahukura, tutU te heihei Tamaiharanui, whose Woods, Anglem and Tua te Kahukura, tutU te roki image is the tekoteko Korako whanau have a Te Kahukura-a-uta, te Kahukura-a-tai. of Karaweko, the latest close whakapapa. There whare hui to occupy does not appear to be a the ancient settlement public record of his burial Ka pO ka rea ki waho site at Onuku near place. Akaroa. Wahaka, his Piuraki Tikao, also Kai to ariki, first wife, was also a known as Hoani and Kai to mana mokopuna of Tutu and John Tikao, signed the Kai a hukahuka nui, huka roa. Te Wakarawa and Treaty as John Love, shared the same which was his whaling illustrious lineage as name. Although he lived Tipare kaukau e takoto atu e her husband and at Koukourarata, Ohae, Hi e! Maraka mai e! Tamaiharanui. Akaroa and Pigeon Bay - -I In 1840, Iwikau at times, he was from HIe. signed the French land Kaiapoi and had clear sale deeds, and in descent from TOahuriri, He tohu whakamaumahara tenei ki a Piuraki Tikao (John Love) raua ko Iwikau. I 1841 appears in the Hamua, Moki and Halswell census of Irakehu. He described 0 whakatakoto raua i a raua moko ki ruka i te Tiriti Waitangi ki Onuku. He korero tenei e ports Cooper and Levy himself as Ngati pa ana ki te mahi whakahirahira 0 taua wa. as no.157, ko Tuikoa Kahukura but notably (=lwikau), High Chief. lwikau is described by a Pakeha after the death of lwikau was acknowledged as one of of the time as a person of agreeable and gentlemanly the major leaders of Ngai TOahuriri. manners. He was particularly close to the French at "Ko te tohu 0 John Love an intelligent native who On Thursday, the 28th May of 1840, Edward Marsh The HMS Herald had to remain at anchor on Friday Akaroa. calls himself rangatira 0 ngatikahukura", is written on the Williams, interpreter, wrote in his journal that upon as the rain and wind blew steadily all day in Akaroa It is clear that his mana was strong among his Treaty and expresses the opinion of Major Thomas arriving by ship at Akaroa they met "a small party of Harbour. The ship lost an anchor and thirty-six fathoms people and among Pakeha. In 1842 TOhawaiki, from Bunbury, whose job it was to obtain signatures around natives, most of whom spoke English pretty well". lwikau of cable. further south, sought recognition as ariki from the the islands. Bunbury further said that Tikao was a very and Tikao were members of the party waiting for the Saturday the 30th of May was fine and calm. As rangatira of Horomaka (Banks Peninsula). People were intelligent and well-dressed native who spoke English ship's boat to land. Williams and his fellow Englishmen instructed by Captain Hobson the Englishmen went recovering from the musket wars and several hundred better than any other he had met. were invited to share food with the tangata whenua. The ashore to negotiate further and to obtain the signatures Kaiapoi people had settled at Puari pa at Koukourarata According to his nephew Hone Taare Tikao, Piuraki had Treaty was read to them in Maori and it was explained of the "two Chiefs of the place - after a little more (Port Levy) and acknowledged lwikau as their leader. a very powerful physique being 6ft 4in tall (1.93m) and that the English queen desired to bring peace to the explination (sic) they signed ... and received ... blankets" Under his authority they asserted their independence intellectual ability to match. country. Together they discussed the issue of obtaining as compliments. Williams then put up two bills of from TOhawaiki, who was challenged at Akaroa by Iwikau His was a life of challenge and commitment to his signatures to the Treaty of Waitangi. proclamation, both in English, to announce that the visit at the head of two hundred men. people. The pleasant Pakeha descriptions of him

10 TE KARAKA Makariri f Winter 2000 Makariri f Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 11 - changed as he opposed land sales and maintained a Tikao about his uncle and published an article in the -I :e constant stream of written and vocal objections and cha­ Akaroa Mail. Hone Taare talked of Piuraki (John) Tikao's _ lIenges to the activities of land purchase agents and other travels and the skills he had acquired in mathematics » " local colonial activity. Tikao also sought the intervention and European languages. During his time in France, HT Taranaki Hikoi ki :::c ...... of the Governor in the activities of Te Rauparaha and Tikao believed that Piuraki had contact with the "",. his people in Te Waipounamu. He was described as a promoters of the French migrants to Akaroa and » c: very meddlesome fellow by Shortland (Assistant promised them support on their arrival. Z Protector of Aborigines) and was noted for his audacity It appears that he was also skilled in surveying and toward Europeans. He was later referred to by Sir George was competent with a compass and chain. He would » » Otakou Na Edward Ellison Z Grey as, "an insolent and turbulent native". check the measurements made by surveyors in In January 1849, Walter Mantell wrote his area to make sure that his people were In March, Otakou hosted - C to the Colonial Secretary that "the not cheated. He also became a native a contingent of northern :::r: Ngaitoahuriri (Kaiapoi) headed by land assessor. "-I -I John Tikao behaves (sic) with The handwriting of Piuraki Maori who were rep­ -~ their usual insolence..." Tikao is as strong and clear as resenting the eight iwi of '" There was good reason his messages. He maintained Taranaki. In addition o » for the energetic behaviour a correspondence with Sir there were represent­ "- of the tangata whenua. As George Grey on land mat­ atives of Te Tai Tokerau, O negotiations for the sale ters until his death. Some Tainui, Ngati Kahungunu of massive amounts of of the letters, signed by and Te Arawa iwi. - Ngai Tahu land at unreal­ John Tikao, have survived. The hikoi was a "01 istic prices proceeded, At the end of his nine-day journey starting -I Tikao consistently pro­ life, Tikao returned to in Hawera on the 22nd of tested. According to Pigeon Bay to be near March and travelling via »1 his nephew HT Tikao the grave of his son. His Picton to Hokitika. he was able to base wife and children had died From Hokitika it his protest on his ex­ in the epidemics that was on to Otakou, Rapaki, o perience of land prices swept Horomaka. He Waikawa, Wellington, and "c: in Europe where he died there in June 1852 then the final leg, arriving had spent several years. and was taken by his nine days later at Parihaka Piuraki's estimation of the people to be buried at Pa.. worth of the purchase Kaiapoi. After Piuraki's The hikoi was org­ made by Kemp in 1848 death, his brother Tamati anised byTe Kahui Kaumatuao Nga Iwi 0 Taranaki, with people living near where the prisoners were being held was five million pounds. took the name Tikao. Koro Tom Ngatai being the the key influence behind the were active in seeking to alleviate their conditions, The price eventually paid Although Piuraki and kaupapa. providing kai and conveying messages between the was two thousand pounds Wharerakau did not leave The purpose of the hikoi was to commemorate political prisoners and their whanau in the north. for twenty million acres. Many children, Tamati and his wife Taranaki Maori and Maori from other iwi who had died of the Ngai Tahu rangatira Rahera were the parents of There were Ngai Tahu living in Parihaka at the time signed Kemp's deed in order to Hone Taare Tikao, from whose last century while being held as political prisoners in the of the sacking. A number of Ngai Tahu families in Te maintain their mana whenua, faced marriage to Matahana Toko Solomon Hokitika, Lyttelton and Dunedin gaols.They were Waipounamu were at that time active followers of Te with the possibility that the money many Ngai Tahu families are descended. members of two separate contingents transported south Whiti's religious movement and adopted the stance of would be paid to Ngati Toa. The stone unveiled at Onuku on in the nineteenth century. The first group were shipped passive resistance in defiance of the colonial According to HT Tikao, his uncle had Waitangi Day 2000 commemorates and south as a result of the colonial wars in Taranaki and Government's actions of land confiscation. shipped aboard a whaler leaving Kapiti for Europe in the celebrates the lives of these two remarkable Ngai Tahu were held in the south during the period 1869-1872. The During this period Ngai Tahu whanau and hapO mid-to-Iate 1830s. Along with his father, Taupori 0 men who lived in such turbulent times. Along with many second group were the "ploughmen" from Parihaka Pa, were suffering from impoverishment as a result of the TOmatauenga, and his brothers, Wharerakau and Pukurau other Ngai Tahu people they sought to preserve the followers of Te Whiti and Tohu Kakahi, who were dishonouring of land sale contracts by Crown agents and (later called Tamati), he was held at Kapiti as a prisoner resources which would enable their mokopuna to have transported south and were also held prisoner without the settler governments, making them able to identify after being captured at Kaiapoi. His mother, Hakeke was a just and equitable future. They went about their trial during the period 1879-1882. with the Taranaki Maori being held prisoner in their midst. able to escape from the ship on the way to Kapiti and activities using the tools available - a high level of As a result of being uprooted from their homelands, Some Ngai Tahu were connected with Taranaki iwi swim back to shore. Wharerakau was well known as a organised communication, literacy, intellect, and logic. separated from their wives, children and whanau, and prior to the turmoil through marriage while others married waka designer, builder and carver. Underlying their work was their passion for our future. held prisoner in the colder climate of Te Waipounamu, a prisoners who stayed in the south after their release. This In 1918, James Cowan interviewed Hone Taare number of the men died. In Dunedin the burials are shared history and connection ensured that the story of unmarked, and are located in the pauper sections of imprisonment was kept alive over the generations, even three cemeteries. It is only through painstaking research if somewhat tenuously at times. that the actual locations of the burials have recently been Koro Tom Ngatai, an influential Taranaki kaumatua, Irihapeti Ramsden wishes to acknowledge the work ofDr Te Maire Tau and Waitai Tikao ofNgai Tahu, and Peter uncovered, in some instances with up to four other burials has worked hard to ensure that the sacrifices of those Tremewan and Harry C Evison from the University of Canterbury in compiling this article. on top of the original "Taranaki Prisoner" burial. tOpuna who were incarcerated last century and those From the time of the incarcerations Ngai Tahu who paid the supreme sacrifice in the defence of their rangatira have been active in advocating for justice to lands, homes and whanau are honoured. be done. Hori Kerei Taiaroa, and Ihaia Tainui, two South For several years Tom Ngatai and his supporters Island Maori MPs, were active in bringing the plight of worked to bring together the "hikoi" concept. They the prisoners to the attention of the house. Ngai Tahu undertook research involving many trips throughout Te

12 TE KARAKA Makariri / Winter 2000 Makariri / Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 13 ·~iF z z z mm_m !m_mmmm B_mm ._._••••_._I:IIB_llIiIIBI_.lllidIIllIII._.•.lIi••lll_.lI...•••IIiI·...II·..IIIIIIIi·.....-••I·...•••--.·.iiill-••-.IiiIliil-"iiil-••-_"IIiiI·"iiil·••-'"

-I Waipounamu, and negotiated for involved in the unveiling ceremony. eration who were travelling with the This was a rare opportunity to host resources to make the hikoi a reality. The memorial URongo" is dedicated hikoi. an inter-tribal hui this far south, I -I » They were driven by an underlying to those who lost their lives defending Otakou had never before been believe all involved gained a lot and » :::c belief that the unity Taranaki iwi their land - perhaps one of the very asked to accommodate this many warm relations exuded throughout :::0 needed to achieve an amicable few memorials relating to those who people - and for two nights! Sleeping the entire event. It was a truly » Treaty settlement was linked to lost their lives defending their land in marquees went up as well as a huge memorable moment in the history of » z appropriately honouring the past and this country! marquee for kai and a marquee to both the Otakou Marae and Dunedin Z those who had made sacrifices. So we come to the Hikoi 2000, cover for inclement weather or City. Our many thanks go to all those » who assisted in any way. » This year's hikoi was in fact the a huge logistical exercise aiming to contingencies. In addition accom­ third in recent times. While the bring 300 people south to Te modation in the Portobello Hall was This third hikoi to Otakou has -..... histories of the past seemingly lay Waipounamu, to commemorate the arranged. Hearing closer to the time served to underline an important - "..... dormant for many years, they were lives of those buried in the south. of the hui that the numbers had element of history for the Dunedin ":I: ---r reawakened by an event that This hikoi had been three years dropped to 240 brought a sense of area, and many genuine comments -- ~ occurred in 1983. Uncle Riki Ellison, in the planning and was one last relief. There were however still the were received from Dunedin o while on a visit to Taranaki, asked the opportunity for some kaumatua to local whanau tautoko to cater for as residents about the appropriate - Taranaki elders when were they see the places special to their past well as the seventy workers - all in recognition of this connection. o -r going to come south and visit the and to transfer this history and all an organisational challenge! Equally it has further strengthened "- ~ places where the Taranaki prisoners attachment to the younger gen- the bond between Taranaki and Ngai were buried? He also suggested that Tahu ki Otago. - 01 something should be done to 1 "Ma te manaaki i te tangata ka mahio "0 -I remember those Taranaki people ...... , who lay in Te Waipounamu urupa. koutou he iwi." (You recognise an iwi -I rJI' In 1985, a year after Uncle Riki through their hospitality.) », " had passed on, a request was made o to Otakou Marae by the Taranaki Photographs: Top to bottom: Day One: Weather conditions perfect. An advance party of25 kaimahi from Maori Trust Board to host a hikoi of Tom Ngatai speaking at the unveiling o c: Taranaki kaumatua who were the hTkoi arrived twelve hours ahead of the hTkoi to assist with the in the Northern Cemetery "c: coming south to visit the places preparations. The main group arriving that night, after a long journey from where their people were held in the Hokitika. Taranaki manuhiri nineteenth century. In November 1985, a hikoi of 110 manuhiri from Day Two: Weather conditions perfect. Unveiling ofadditionalplaques placed Taranaki manuhiri at unveiling Taranaki arrived at Otakou. They on URongo" to commemorate other iwi with people represented in the came to visit the quarries, roads and imprisonment, such as, Te Tai Tokerau iwi, Tainui, Te Arawa and Ngati civic works the prisoners had worked Kahungunu. From there the hTkoi travelled to the Botanical Gardens, scene on, a cave which provided temporary of work undertaken by the prisoners, and a nice place to have lunch. It was shelter for the work groups, and an then on to the Northern Cemetery to unveil a memorial to the mate located urupa where it was known some there. The memorial was a carved stone and represented a mokomakai, unmarked burials were located. symbolic ofthe price put on the head oftangata whenua who had full moko, It was the visit to the cave that and reminiscent of the meagre "value" placed on the lives of the prisoners. triggered the strongest emotions and Travelled to the Southern Cemetery, where local and Taranaki researchers came to symbolise the history of the had located 17 of the 18 unmarked burials of Maori prisoners of war from prisoners in Dunedin. The unmarked the 1869-72era. This was a poignant momentas many ofthe people present graves in the paupers' section of the were seeing for the first time the burial place of their tTpuna. Northern Cemetery also caused a We then returned to the marae for hakari and celebration. The mayor strong reaction. The discussions that Sukhi Turner joined the hui for this part of the occasion, and was warmly night in Tamatea were emotionally received. charged, and ensured that a return visit to Dunedin would happen, to Day Three: Weather conditions fine, slight northerly, cool morning, warming establish a memorial in recognition rapidly. The marae at this point was running low on water. The kaimahi all of the events of last century. voluntary barone had expended huge effort, and had an attitude that m{lde In March 1987, a return hikoi the huia special occasion for all. A poroporoakTand then our manuhiri were arrived at Otakou to unveil the on their way to 6tautahi at 1Gam. The clean up took until 4pm. memorial URongo", situated near the site of the cave, by the Andersons Bay causeway. The central piece of the memorial is an ancient carved rock retrieved from an old pa site on the extreme western point of the Taranaki coast. Sir Paul Reeves, the Governor General at the time, was

14 TE KARAKA Makarir; I Winter 2000 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 15 Hana Potiki, Kelly Tikao and Carol Donovan memories at school were ones of about not feeling like a "real Maori". guide me in the years that followed, m are the first contributors to share their defending my identity to my Pakeha I abused my mother for not having a helping me to come to terms with my m peers and teachers. At primary trUly Maori household on account of own personal identity. _ experiences in Being Kai Tahu. Te Karaka school I recall being teased on a us having matching cutlery - Maori "Darling you don't have to worry Z welcomes readers to write in and share their number of occasions with the names families didn't have matching cutlery! about being 'Maori' whatever you ,...,. "nigger" and "blackie". I knew it had The truth was that the criteria think that means - You are Ngai WI stories with Kai Tahu whanui. something to do with having "Maori commonly used by my peers to Tahu, you have that whakapapa, and lIP blood" yet I couldn't quite figure out identify one's Maoriness were largely that is something that no one can ~ how it corresponded with my own fair alien to me. Being Maori meant to take away from you. " J> I colouring. Being Kai Tahu Na Hana POtiki be able to talk and act tough, to not I then attended Queen Victoria show off your body or be proud of This is an extract from a book -.... From an early age feelings of being I was white, one-eighth Maori blood, Maori Girls' Boarding School in your looks. To wear shorts under by Hana Potiki to be published later J> out of place because of my identity and what's more -I was Ngai Tahu­ Parnell, Auckland, and that presented your skirts and avoid ever having to this year by Bridget Williams Books. were compounded by continuous all of which presented themselves as its own series of culture shocks. I get into a swimming pool without a The book deals with issues sur- :I: questioning from Maori and Pakeha obstacles to acceptance into the was the only one of five children to T-shirt and shorts over your rounding Ngai Tahu identity. C alike, usually centered on how much Maori community. attend a Maori boarding school and swimming suit. I wanted to belong. Hana is the youngest daughter 'Maori blood' I had in me. My Waking up from plastic and my reasoning was simply my I wanted to be "Maori". of Sir Tipene and Lady Sandra understanding of my Ngai Tahu micro surgery at six years of age after passion to learn te reo and Maori Some ofthe girls had questioned O'Regan. She is currently head of identity during my childhood and having accidentally cut my right hand culture. I didn't enjoy my years there how I could be a Maori and come school of Te Matauranga Maori at the teens was usually centered around off, I had two immediate concerns. at all, leaving with a sense of from the South Island, as it was Christchurch Polytechnic and a blood quantum. Not that blood The first being that, everyone talking accomplishment at having lasted the known there were no Maoris in the member of the Ngai Tahu Language quantum equated to any degree of about the plastic surgery somehow four years, but also a sorrow at South Island. This fact, coupled with Planning Committee. understanding in my own mind, but translated into me having a plastic having spent them there. I was looking like a "honky" made it that was the criterion predominantly hand instead of my real one. perhaps more challenged about my increasingly hard for those around For further information contact: Bridget used by those around me. What Secondly, due to the severe blood personal identity at that kura than me, and indeed for myself, to locate Williams Books, PO Box 5482, usually followed such questioning loss that I had suffered, there may anywhere else and at any other time. my place in the Maori world I felt so Wellington; were value judgements about what have been an impact on the amount I remember returning to my much a part of. email: [email protected]. that fraction then meant in terms of of Maori blood I had left in me! They home in Wellington for my first school My father's response to my "Maoriness". How much Maori blood were real concerns for that six year holidays and crying to my parents tears and endless questioning would in you, was somehow meant to old girl, who knew her Ngai Tahu-ness correlate with how 'Maori' you were was so often measured on blood in cultural terms! quantum, but hadn't quite figured out As a young girl growing up in which part of her anatomy was Ngai What does being Kai Tahu mean to me? Na Kelly Tikao New Zealand this presented me with Tahu, and, in the event of blood loss, It means belonging to an iwi that is based away from where I ...... "..,...,...."...-..,...,. more questions than answers. I how more could be obtained. live. It has been for many years a home away from home. always felt "more Maori" than I The plastic hand and loss of Something spiritual and intriguing, but not always accessible ­ imagined my blood quantum allowed Ngai Tahu blood concerned me a key to my past and to my future that continues to lure me. for. I had a passion for the language, because both were likely to mean I Living away from your iwi, hapO, rOnaka and extended the sound of it, its poetry. I felt Maori, would be 'less' than the person I whanau, means really feeling separated. It means wanting to yet that feeling, that sense of identity wanted to be. be included, to be acknowledged by the iwi that you do exist didn't correspond with the perceptions Feeling "Maori" and identifying and that you are important to the iwi. held about me in the wider community. as such meant that my earliest It means finding your Kai Tahutaka wherever you go and holding onto it - finding it within university or polytechnic studies, finding it within books, radio or television programmes. It means meeting as many Kai Tahu people living like you, away from the iwi. It means trips back home as often as you can afford it. It means keeping in touch with your whanau. It means researching your whakapapa and getting Te Panui Runaka and te Karaka and grasping those ropes, those ties to your iwi, hapO and whanau. We may be ki waho or taurahere but for me it is like the ewe (placenta) between mother and child - we need to be fed with korero and nourished with tautoko and manaaki to be able to grow strong in our identity. We are the children of Waitaha, Kai Tahu and Kati Mamoe and if we have been offered the kai as mentioned above, we will return our love and skills to our people and the whenua from wherever we may be standing. It is special, it is me - it is my strength, and sometimes my weakness. It is my link to my t1puna. It is my wero.

Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 17 Conservation. Best of all though, were Nikki's Discovering My Polynesian Roots achievements. She graduated from high school at age By Carol Donovan. fifteen with honours. She was then accepted by the "Nathaniel Bates, both your great­ given a very bad reputation. This University of Hawaii to attend the VHA campus on Maui. great grandmothers were Maori, the caused many sleepless nights for my This was a particularly wonderful time for us. I flew Blue Book, you are now registered parents and after dropping out of to Maui often and enjoyed watching my daughter flourish Ngai Tahu." These revelations came school and moving to Auckland, their in this happy relaxed environment. Nikki graduated from from my mother during my brief visit worst fears came true. At nineteen I VHA Maui, with a degree in Journalism with honours. to Christchurch in 1998. I was returned home unwed and pregnant. She went on to attend the prestigious University of amazed, very pleased and eager for In 1966 it was tough enough Southern California and in 1988 received a Degree in more information. Then my mother being an unwed mother, but tougher Television Management, again as an honours student. showed me a very carefully compiled still if your child was Maori. Racial The very next day she returned to Hawaii and went on to album that she had put together with tensions were strong and there were become a successful television reporter/producer. great pride. There were copies of no opportunities for single women, Several years later though it became clear that if she paintings of Mr Bates and my great­ so I decided to go overseas in search wanted to advance in her career, she would need to great grandmother and other photos of friendlier shores. We spent a return to Los Angeles. We both visit Hawaii every year and documents dating back to the couple of years in Surfers Paradise, and plan on settling there permanently in the future. early 1800s. Australia. The weather was balmy In 1988, I retired from the restaurant business to How could I possibly absorb all and I earned a living as a waitress. pursue my love of travel and work as a volunteer on this enlightening information. After But something was missing! It was wildlife conservation projects around the world. Each all, thirty-three years earlier I had left the Polynesian culture. It took a hair­ February I come to New Zealand to visit my ageing New Zealand because of racial raising trip to New York and then on parents. I attended the 2000 Waitangi Day celebrations tension and a lack of opportunities to Los Angeles before I finally arrived at Onuku Marae in Akaroa. Sally Pitama and her mother for women and Maori. in 'Paradise' - Hawaii. When one were there. They were surprised when I told them I was I may only be one-eighth Maori, arrives in Honolulu airport, it's the registered Ngai Tahu. I was overwhelmed by a sense of but I have always felt a kinship with sound of the Hawaiian music and the pride and belonging that day, it seemed I had come full Polynesian culture. I love traditional warm tropical breezes that lure you circle. Maori food, paua, oysters, whitebait, into the mood that is Hawaiian. I spent a few days in Kaikoura, with family and kina, dried eel from Birdlings Flat and The Polynesian culture was friends. It was a wonderful experience and although there particularly the muttonbirds that Dad alive and proud here. Within 48 are no longer any crayfish or paua in the tidal pools I am used to bring home from Invercargill hours, I had a room in a hotel one pleased to see eco-tourism flourishing. in kelp bags. block from Waikiki Beach, a job and Hawaii is my home and, although I will not live in rt·"'~·~ Nikki enrolled in school. It wasn't There had been subtle hints of New Zealand again, I am very proud to be Ngai Tahu. Carol Donovan (left) with her daughter Nikki Polynesian ancestry. Mum gave me long before we had 'gone Hawaiian', a greenstone pendant that had We had tans, surfboards, Hawaiian belonged to my great-grandmother. sarongs and flowers in our hair. We My grandmother donated tribal swam in the warm ocean, lay in the :E artefacts to the local museum. white sand and thoroughly enjoyed Nevvs from WhakaRaRa"NgCii Tahu ::L Auntie Doreen once told me, we the seemingly endless summer. We -, were "part-Maori", but no one dared would have stayed forever, but it was :r> discuss it. If you looked Pakeha then not to be. Immigration in Hawaii Runanga AHiliation " it wasn't a good idea to admit that you would not change my visitor status The Ngai Tahu tribal structure, as set up by the Ngai Tahu Act of 1996, established our eighteen papatipu rOnanga :r> had any Maori blood in your veins. to residential status. To do that I as central to the day to day work of our tribe. As a result, rOnanga affiliation for individual tribal members has ." My fondest memories of my would have to go to Los Angeles and become increasingly important in determining how people can participate in tribal affairs...... early years were our many days because it could take years to Over the last three years Whakapapa Ngai Tahu has been involved in the ROnanga Registration Project. The til' camping and fishing at Boat Harbour, process the paperwork, I would aim of this project has been to identify tribal members who affiliate to particular rOnanga, based on whakapapa ." 21 km south of Kaikoura. There were actually have to move there, a links. For many people this will mean that they may affiliate to more than one rOnanga. :r> plenty of crays and paua in the tidal thought I did not relish. With two thirds of the project completed, individual rOnanga may now have for their use a database of all the pools in those days. The best days It was a sad day in 1973 when tribal members who link to their rOnanga. These lists provide individual rOnanga with the means to interact with their Z of all were when I managed to sneak we left Hawaii. I vowed to return as own people. They are provided specifically for the use of the rOnanga and we will not be providing them to individual G) off to Oaro and 'hang out' at the soon as possible. It was not until members without the sanction of the rOnanga concerned. Solomon's house. Their house was 1984, after a long battle with When our database upgrade is completed later this year we will however be able to identify the rOnanga :r> I always full of kids, laughing, singing, immigration, that we were granted affiliations of .all new members. This will enable them to make contact with their own rOnanga. For those of you ­ playing guitars, plenty of food and I US citizenship, of which I am already enrolled who want to find out which rOnanga you affiliate to, please contact Tarlin Prendergast on 0800 --I was always made to feel welcome. eternally grateful. KAITAHU (0800 524 8248) or 033712636. :r> I continued to associate with During those eleven years we Maori in Christchurch. Sally Pitama used the time very productively. I Gone No Address and No Date of Birth ::L and I played basketball together and returned to school and graduated In the last issue of te Karaka we published the first half of our "Gone No Address" and "No Date of Birth" list. Please I was a regular at the local Maori with a degree in Geography with c: take a moment to scan the second half of the list printed in this issue, We really appreciate your help in keeping our Club. Unfortunately though, Pakeha emphasis on Travel & Tourism. I also address list up to date. girls who associated with Maori were became actively involved in Wildlife

Makariri I Winter 2000TE KARAKA 19 W W ...J ..J -U. Ali's Home Help Ben comes -LL o At 48 and a mother of three adult children and grandmother of seven, Ali Harpur (nee Tainui) is a woman with o a: extraordinary motivation and passion in all aspects of her life, not least of all the setting up of her new business, Ali's a: c. Home Help. of the D. After many years of working for other people which Ali thought was less than ideal, she decided that she had (fJ had enough. In her last job with a home help agency she had worked long hours for little money. Add to this the lack (fJ of compensation for the often long distances travelled and, perhaps worst of all, the physical demands that were beginning to take a toll on her body and you have the motivation for her to take control of her life and her future. w Hence it was at this point that Ali decided, along with her partner Phillip Williams, to develop her own home help vvoodvvor z business. Ali's starting point for her business was to set up a home help service specifically aimed at Maori clientele as He karahu tapu taku karahu, (fJ- she was aware that cultural issues are important for many Maori and in general these were not being met. After Nau 10 Tikitiki 0 Raki, ::::) doing some research she quickly discovered that there were no other Maori agencies in Christchurch so here was Tenei 0 pia, her opportunity to fill a need in the marketplace. Tenei 0 taura, to The next step was to approach the Ngai Tahu Development Corporation for advice on how to cultivate the idea Heio nui, he io roa, e io e... and best target herself to Maori. As it was an important requirement for Ali to have Maori symbolism in her business logo this was one of the questions she asked of Ngai Tahu. She was directed by her co~sin, Nelson Tainui, to Ben Te Aika is at an exciting stage of his life and career approach Ben Te Aika who works at the Te Toi Mana Gallery in Christchurch. Ben worked with the aims and ethics as an artist. Two years ago he began training in the art of Ali's business philosophy and developed the "He Tohu Mana Manaaki" design, which she and Phillip are particularly of ta moko at Te Toi Mana Maori Art Gallery, located at pleased with. Ali was also very pleased with the advice from Peter Lyman who directed her to Phil Broughton to be the Christchurch Arts Centre. her accountant and Nicole Armstrong to be her BIZ mentor. There is a great degree of responsibility involved Armed with support and an identity for her business, all that was left was to get out and market it - and market for a trainee ta moko artist, making it an art form not to it she has. A letterbox drop of more than 2000 fliers, advertisements in the local newspaper, a Yellow Pages entry be taken up lightly. Ben speaks of the highly selective and fliers to be inserted in the bounty packs given to new mothers leaving Christchurch Women's Hospital are just manner in which people are picked to train in the area of in martial arts, mau rakau." a start. ta moko. 'The first time I picked up a machine and started Ben says he started off being "a haututo at school, After only three weeks in business Ali had a dozen clients on the books and a part-time staff of three employed training for ta moko, it was on a person. I'll always scribbling on the desk when I was supposed to be doing on an hourly basis. Because her staff are working in people's homes, Ali takes particular care when considering remember that first experience, and ... lowe that man a maths". His first carvings can possibly still be found on new personnel. All staff are vetted through a police checking system before any commitment is made to employ lot for taking me over the psychological barriers of that those very desks. Ben's younger years were influenced them. first time." The very permanence of their creation is what by his Irish father: "all my friends played rugby - we The long-term goal for the business is to become a specialist Maori health provider contracted through causes the initial apprehension, according to Ben. played soccer." It was his art that provided the anchor. organisations such as the Health Funding Authority, ACC and other Government Bodies. For the time being though Hygiene is also very important. The risk of infection "My art has always kept me in Te Ao Maori, my love of it is about growing a strong and solid business and providing quality service to their clients. when dealing with open abrasions is potentially very art, especially Maori art." "Do the ground work first", is Ali's advice for anyone interested in setting up their own business. dangerous, so the trainee has to learn a great deal about He spent his high school years at boarding school sterilisation and have access to the right equipment. in Hamilton, and found it a marked change from life in Born in Hokitika, Alamein Tainui or Ali Harpur as she is known these days is the daughter of James Tainui from Ben, at 32, feels very fortunate to have had the Otautahi. "It was my first real exposure to things Maori." Arahura. support that he has over the last few years, and stresses By the age of fifteen, he first began thinking that ta the importance of having it when starting out. "For moko could be something he would like to delve into. It someone to be out there starting from scratch, even if would be another fifteen years before those thoughts he's a very experienced kaiwhakairo, I would be very came to fruition. fearful for them actually, as they could easily get into a After leaving school he spent a few years travelling lot of trouble." before joining the army. He still wears the tell tale signs In 1997 Ben first went "under the needle" at a of his army days, with his shortly cropped hair and "clean DO YOU NEED HELP? wanaka held at the gallery by Te Rangi Kaihoro and cut" look. He has since completed a degree in Maori Meal preparation Cleaning Gordon Hadfield. The following year he began his Environmental Theory from Lincoln University. Washing Ironing training, along with Christine Harvey (Ngai Tahu, Moriori) While researching his whakapapa he was drawn Shopping Personal care and Riki Manuel (Ngati Porou) at their ta moko "k6haka" deeper into Te Ao Maori. He found out that his topuna Child care Gardening which they set up at Te Toi Mana Maori Art Gallery. wore moko and felt inspired to know more. Since then He went on to design his own pOhoro which covers he has done further research into Ngai Tahu carving and If the answer is yes, call us his lower back and buttocks area. His whanauka, has identified what he has termed as a definite "accent" for friendly, professional, Christine, was given the challenge of turning the design in examples of Ngai Tahu carving, "it's very slight and fully qualified service. into a reality. His pOhoro design includes a large subtle, but it's there". ALI'S HOME HELP omnipresent sun as the dominating figure, Tama-nui-te­ There has been a recent revival of many Maori art ra, blazing behind Aoraki, who stands in front, a tohu of forms, which has complemented the decolonisation Phone or Fax: stability. "To my mind the sun is me when I'm centred process and tino rakatirataka movement. In terms of the 0800 254744 and at peace. Being in the small of the back - te pae revitalisation of ta moko as an art form, Ben says, "the 0800 ALI SHH tuara - that's the place of our centredness, physically Ali Harpur with husband Phillip Williams revival is here because the time is right. As our awakening and spiritually, that's where all movement comes from, unfolds, things are uncovered." He states the example

20 TE KARAKA Makariri / Win t e r 2 0 0 0 M a k a r i r i / Win t e r 2000 TEKARAKA 21 of the tauihu that was found on Maori motifs within. An example of have poorer blood glucose control, barriers to accessing and imp­ including the latest evidence and C ::D Rakiura. "More will be revealed as this is an American man who has a poorer weight control, high smoking lementing quality care do exist. best practice. Maori health workers _ time goes on and we grow." full facial moko that only shows up rates, lower self-glucose monitoring There are also major factors and social services provide a):> " There are still many myths and at night under fluorescent lights o rates and poorer foot care than NZ surrounding the ability of Maori to self pathway between Maori patients and rI'I fears relating to the art of ta moko, when he is out "raving". I Europeans. care which have not been suc­ primary and secondary care WW i1 despite its recent revival. Ben says Ben's experience as a carver Access to quality diabetes cessfully addressed by the current providers, as well as assisting m - that it is difficult to gauge the reaction has proved to be most valuable in r- services has been shown to sub­ methods for delivering diabetes care. patients with making the necessary ..... m of family and other Ngai Tahu, who terms of the knowledge he gained in stantially reduce the rate of com­ Diabetes care requires a lifestyle changes advised by their m often do not "voice too much". Any Maori design, whakapapa, and plications. However, inequity and multidisciplinary team approach medical team. A majority of Maori, ,ft apprehension people may have is tikaka. Although machines are now ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ do n~particip~e in lije~yle~' partly due to their fears surrounding used in the creation of modern moko, change programmes for a host 0 the tattoo industry of the Pakeha. the tikaka and whakapapa remain of reasons, therefore it is very 0 The major difference between strictly the same. important to provide that the two areas of mahi lies in the The technique differs now that service for Maori if there is to Z cultural framework in which they uhi (chisels) have been replaced by be an improvement in i1 exist. Karakia are recited by the ta machines. Ben stresses the highly mortality rates. moko to clear the way. "On all planes technical nature of ta moko. "Every Ariki Hamilton and June m really, you need to be clean spirit, time you touch someone's body it's Swindells work with Maori at ::D mind, and body." different. Even if you're running one the Christchurch diabetes m In terms of Maori design the ta line you can run through all sorts of 5TH INTERNATIONAL clinic. Their focus is to initiate moko artists at Te Toi Mana Maori Art different skin densities, and it has a lifestyle change and education Z Gallery are at the "cutting edge". different appearance." CONFERENCE ON DIABETES programmes at the diabetes 0 They have the background know­ Ben loves the diversity of moko life education bUilding. Health m ledge that comes from their expertise and the continual creative process promotion and diabetes in carving. For this reason they like involved in developing it further. He AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES awareness are issues they to safeguard their designs as much finds one of the most rewarding 3-6 OCTOBER 2000 - CHRISTCHURCH CONVENTION CENTRE - CHRISTCHURCH -NEW ZEALAND focus on to delay or prevent as possible. They have been to aspects of the work is "upholding the serious outcomes. overseas conferences on body art, Ben Te Aika at the Te Toi Mana Maori Maori imagery in art, and bringing it As gloomy as it may and have witnessed the blatant Art Gallery in Christchurch. into this world". sound, the .news from the Photo: Ariana Tikao misappropriation of ta moko and the health professionals is that Na Ariana Tikao diabetes is largely pre­ ventable. By maintaining a healthy weight, a healthy diet Te Runanga 0 Ngai Tahu to Host and regular exercise it can largely be avoided. For those already suffering from the International Diabetes disease the more serious health complications can also Conference be avoided.

In October of this year Te ROnanga 0 indigenous peoples in the US, retinal laser therapy. Maori with Ifyou would like to know Ngai Tahu will hostthe 5th International Canada, Asia, the Pacific Basin and diabetes have over twice the rate of more about diabetes you can Conference on Diabetes and Australia. known cataracts. contact the Christchurch Indigenous Peoples to be held at the The grim statistics for Maori Diabetes is increasingly being Diabetes Clinic on: Christchurch Convention Centre. The and diabetes go like this. Diabetes included in discussions on the health (03) 364 0860 or Diabetes theme for the conference is Te Hikoi 0 is present in over one third of Maori of Maori by iwi and Maori agencies. Ufe Education on (03) 3795120. nga Mokopuna - walking with our admitted to hospital with either heart There is no doubt that the Maori If you are interested in grandchildren. failure or myocardial infarction, community is aware of the attending the conference, please Diabetes is a major health issue which is double the rate for New importance of the disease that contact the Conference Sec­ in this country currently and it Zealand Europeans. Among Maori causes death and damage to their retariat: continues to get worse. The 1996/97 aged 40-59 years, diabetes is over whanau and hapO through myocardial POBox 13118 New Zealand Health Survey shows seven times more common in those infarction, end stage renal failure, Christchurch that diabetes affects at least 3.7% of who have a heart attack. Over 50% blindness, cerebrovascular accidents, phone: (03) 3713911 the adult population. It is of particular of Maori aged 40-59 years with heart heart failure, amputations and major fax: (03) 3713901 email:[email protected] concern amongst the Maori failure have known diabetes. Maori infections. FOR CONFERENCE DETAILS CONTACT CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT population. Maori and Pacific Island with diabetes have over three times The damage that is caused by the rates of blindness. Maori with po Box 13 118 - LEVEL 2 -127 ARMAGH STREET - CHRISTCHURCH - NEW ZEALAND - PH: +64 3 371 3911 - FAX: +64 3 371 3901 people are twice as likely to be diabetes is directly related to the - EMAIL:[email protected] - WEBSITE:WWW.DIABETES2000.CO.NZ diagnosed with diabetes as diabetes have 2-3 times the rates of quality of self-care, blood glucose EuropeanlPakeha people are. This end stage renal failure. Maori with and fat levels and blood pressure Proudly supported by Te Runanga 0 Ngai Tahu same situation exists amongst diabetes have over twice the rate of control. Maori have been shown to

22 TE KARAKA Makariri I Win t e r 2 0 0 0 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 23 Te Pataka Korero

Again the protocol follows that ofthe English letter except for one important Kia ora ra koutou! Weill haven't received many letters for Te Pataka area - It is not appropriate in Maori to address your letter: "To whom it may Karero lately... so preferring to take the optimistic approach when. dealing concern". To the Maori mind this is like saying: "no matter who you are... " with our iwi,1 thought this might be the result of people being unsure about Therefore, even if you don't know the name of the recipient of your letter, how to write letters in te reo, or incorporate Maori terminology and phrase extend an open greeting that will pay due respect to him or her. into their letters!? Of course itmight just be because people don't want to write to Te Pataka Karera with their questions and thoughts about our In the last issue of Pataka Korero, I listed some terms for the family which reo, and ways we might be able to help... but as I said -I'm going to stay you could use in the address. It is important to note that it is appropriate in Maori to use generic terms like Hakui (mother), Hakoro (father), or Poua optimistic... for now. 0(, So - in this issue I will try aAd give you a few ideas about how you (grandfather) and Taua (grandmother) - for those of the respective age might include te reo in your letter writing. If you are looking for a book to groups, irrespective of their personal relationship to you. For more formal guide you in this area, I reoommendMaar'i for the Office - Te Reo Maori terms of address, try these: rna fe Tad, published by Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Maori - The Maori Language Commission. Rakatira for an esteemed person of mana Generally the protocols that we use when writing a formal letter in KaihautO the navigator ofa boat (or kaupapa) English also apply when writing in Maori - use the guides below and try Kaiwhakahaere The organiser / chairperson / administrator using as much te reo as you can in your letters! Tena Pronoun/ e te/ka Recipient / na Hans Patiki TUikoa Kaipanui

Ka Marama 0 fe Tau - Months 01 the year nina koe e te Rakatira He rereke ka ikoa 0 tera iwi, 0 tera iwi mo ka wahaka 0 te tau. Naia ka ikoa nina korua e ka Kaiwhakahaere i mohiotia whanuitia 13 te iwi Maori me ka kupu 0 Kai Tahu ake. You can add more information onto this title by following this structure: Every iwi will have their own names for the months of the year. Below are Pronoun / Term ofaddress / those most commonly known and those ofKai Tahu. Tena TUikoa e te / ka Kaipanui of Name of the Names of the Transliterations Words used by Kai Tahu terms for organisation months in Te Taura Whiri months ofthe year Tena koe te Rakatira 0 0 English i te Reo Maori e TeRunaka Moeraki Tena koutou e ka merna 0 Te Poari January Hanuere Kohi-tatea Iwa Tena koutou e ka iwi 0 ka hau ewha February Pepuere Hui-tanguru Kahuru Tena . koutou e ka karakataka maha 0 te motu March Maehe PoutO-te-rangi Kahuru Kai Paeka [I greet you, the leader of Moeraki ROnaka] April Aperira Paenga-whawha Kahuru Tahi [I greet you all, members of the Board] May Mei Haratua Matahi [I greetyou all, the tribes of the four winds] June Hune Pipiri Maruaroa [I greet you all, the many callings of the land] July HOrae H6ngongoi Toru August Akuhata Here-turi-k6ka Wha 4: Te Poroporoaki September Hepetema Mahuru Rima He tikaka ana tenei no tatou te iwi Maori. Mena ka tuhi koe ki tetahi takata October Oketopa Whiringa-a-nuku Ono MaorilropO Maori, he tika hoki kia tukua atu ka mihi ki ka mate i rota i te reta. November N6ema Whiringa-a-rangi Whitu Ka penei ka poroporoaki ki era i ruka i te marae, na reira kia kaha ana ki te December TIhema Hakihea Waru kimi i ka kupu pai ki a koe, ki to whanau hoki. Kaua e wareware - i te mutuka a to poroporoaki, ki te whakahoki mai te Te Ra - The Date korero ki te huka ora!!! Te TeRa o nga ra 0 Te Marama TeTau This is another Maori custom. Ifyou are writing to a Maoriperson orgroup, then it is correct to pay your respects to those who have passed from this Te 0 14 o nga ra Matahi 2000 world in your letter. It is not unlike the farewells that are spoken on the Te 0 6 o nga ra Kahuru 1840 marae, so it is important for you to find those that you and your people are comfortable with. Te Mihi - Beginning the Leffer Don't forget- when you have finished your farewells - to return the focus Kai te whai ana ka tikaka ki era 0 te reta Pakeha, hauka tetahi mea: kaore to the living!!! he tika ki te tTmata ki te korero, "Ki te kaipanui 0 tenei reta". Ki to te whakaaro Maori, he orite tena ki te korero, - "Ahakoa ko wai koe". Na reira, ahakoa Naia tetahi tauira pai mo tatou 0 Kai Tahu - here is a good Kai Tahu example: kaore koe i te mohio ki te ikoa 0 te kaipanui, tukua tetahi mihi whanui hei whakarakatira i a ia. [1] He mihi tenei ki ka tini mate a te motu, mai i te Muriwhenua ki te Murihiku, [2] ratou katoa kua karakahia e Tahu Kumea raua ko Tahu Whakairo ki te po nui, [3] tukuna ratou kia okioki ra i te moeka roa. ~ [4] E poua ma, e taua ma, haere atu ra, moe mai ra. NGAI TAND DEVELOPMENT [5] Kati ra, ratou ki a ratou, tatou te huka ora ki a tatou, tena ana tatou katoa. CORPORATION ~ [1]1 pay my respects to the many dead of the islands, from Northland through to Southland, [2] to all of those who have been called by Tahu Kumea and Tahu Whakairo o to the long night, [3] they are released that they may rest in their long sleep, ~ [4] to our esteemed ancestors, go forth, sleep well. to iWi, to mana; to turaka, to mahi »1 [5] Enough said, leave the dead with the dead, and us the living return to our world, I greet you all. --I 5: Te Whakamutu Korero - Ending the letter » There are some generic ways you can end your letter: In response to demand from tribal members, Ngai Tahu Development has placed an :I: Enough said Me mutu pea i konei increasing emphasis on the restoration of te reo Maori. c: May you remain well Noho ora mai koe i roto i ka manaakitaka katoa Te Reo manager, Lynne Harata Te Aika, assisted by the recently established Ngai Tahu Goodbye for now Hei kona mai Language Planning Committee, is leading this challenge. Many thanks Aku mihi nui ki a koe The following articles are designed to focus on te reo Maori in the South. Let me know your response Tena koa whakamohiotia mai ahau Yours faithfully Naku, na / Nahaku, na Yours sincerely Naku noa, na / Nahaku noa, na The Loss of te reo Maori in the south

A good Kai Tahu phrase that can be found in some of our old letters, when Ma te reo ka pakaru te k6hatu, ma te reo ka whakamaroke te rakau requesting something be sent hastily, is: "Kurapa mai" Through te reo the stone was split, through te reo the tree was withered. KOrapa mai tetahi pukapuka send me a book KOrapa mai to whakahoki send me your reply Up until well into the nineteenth century, Virtually everyone Waitai Tikao, who was brought up at Rapaki in the in Te Waipounamu spoke te reo Maori, the majority in a 1930s and 40s, says that he's heard a lot of people say Or... for the less formal ... uniquely southern dialect. that the reo was lost because it was banned in schools, With love Hei kona mai i roto i te aroha When James Watkins established his mission but that this was not the total reason. ''The reo could have Lots oflove Arohanui station at Waikouaiti in 1840, he bemoaned the fact the been spoken in the homes if the parents really wanted Heaps of love Arohatinonui local iwi did not understand sermons based on material to - it was never spoken in my home." From your loving friend Na to hoa aroha prepared in the far north. "It will be necessary to begin His father was a fluent Maori speaker but rarely Look afteryourself, friend Ka mea ra ka tiaki i a koe, e hoa afresh," wrote Watkins in his journal, "and form the spoke it in front of the children. His mother wasn't fluent alphabet and write this hitherto unwritten language." but could understand it. "Many times when elderly people Now what you put in the main body of your letter is completely up to you ­ (Harry Evison, Te Waipounamu, p153). came into the home they would quite often speak the might I suggest some questions about some aspect of te reo that has been Tahu Potiki, in an unpublished policy paper written reo." bugging you, or how to say that sentence in Maori that you've been trying to for Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu on the Kai Tahu dialect, has ''They wanted the children to converse in English ­ figure out these past few weeks? If you do feel the urge - all the tools are established that a distinctively Ngai Tahu reo, including a lot of Maori words were used when we (the children) here - kia kaha ra - kOrapa mai a whakaaro, me a koutou patai. the use of the k, was originally in use from Kaikoura to were speaking to each other." Rakiura. Waitai attended the Rapaki Native School prior to Well for those of you who have already got all of that mastered and need an "Up until the 1920s and 30s there were still large its closure - all the instruction was in English, there was extension on your reo - here's an exercise to get you in the right mode. numbers of speakers of the Kai Tahu dialect in a relatively no Maori, except for kapa haka. [1] To follow is an unpunctuated text from a letter written by Taiaroa in 1852. pure form.The Southern and Northern dialects were Many church services were conducted in Maori. [2] Try and put the sentences into order by punctuating and macronising the differentiated by a completely different vocabulary for "The pae at the marae, as today, was in Maori, text so that the korero makes sense. (answers on page 48). plants, trees, weapons and winds. tangihanga services and hymns were in Maori." Waitai [3] Just to see how you go, give yourself a mark for every correction you get "The dialect was lost through missionary education. remembers there being more kaumatua around at right and then check out what score your whanauka got!!! By about 1890, although most speakers still spoke in the Rapaki who could speak Maori back then. He also says [4] If you want to give it a go and translate it - send it in and I'd be happy to southern dialect they wrote in the northern form" - an that he remembers more elderly people involved with go through it for you! exception was Taare Wetere Te Kaahu's korero on the the marae. Whakatikatika Korero - Punctuating Text wars between Kai Tahu and Ngati Toa, which were Waitai remembers that his father, whenever he te 1 0 ka ra 0 maruaroa 1852 e hoa e te makarini kaore ano to pukapuka kia pUblished~~ the Journal of the Polynesian Society in the spoke Maori, used the k. He also recalls the story about tae mai ki ahau ka oti pea te tahae e ka kaitiaki pukapuka kurapa mai tetahi southern dialect in 1906. his Aunty Fan (Gillies) when she first went north to the pukapuka i a koe kia kurehu tou mai kia roko au i ta korua korero ko te As early as the Native Schools Act of 1867, English Hawke's Bay. She married his uncle Bob, who came from Wahapiro e tama e wani na taua takata na na te Wahapiro ki a koe kauraka was made the language of the native schools. Waimarama, near Hastings. When she first went up north hoki a roa atu kia wawe te roko atu matau ka mutu na tou. hoa aroha na Through to the 1950s, Maori was still spoken in Te to live with Uncle Bob, people used to laugh at her taiaroa Waipounamu, but only by the older generation. whenever she spoke, because of her southern dialect.

M a k a r i r i I Win Ier 2000TE KARAKA 27 -t Waitai speaks of the difficulty there is for him, as an for te reo Maori. The following kauhau by Megan Ellison tells her personal journey in learning te reo Maori and what it means older man, to admit that he needed to learn te reo Maori The language committee members (all Ngai Tahu) to her as a Ngai Tahu woman -t m from the very basics. Despite this, it is still his dream to come from throughout the country, with an even split m :IJ become fluent. between those in Te Waipounamu and those based in Ranui Ngarimu, who grew up in Christchurch in the the north. Toku reo Maori :IJ m 1940s and 50s, recalls hearing te reo a lot on the marae, The committee was chosen so that there would be m at Tuahiwi, at Taumutu and at Wairewa. ''The old people expertise in a number of different areas, from early o Ki taku maumahara i tfmata tOku haerenga i te used to converse in the reo, our taua and p6ua, as well childhood through to tertiary Maori language and o wa e toru 6ku tau. I to maua ko tOku matua i as others. We as kids used to use the reo of the elders, immersion teaching and scholarship, educational o roto i t6ku wharenui ki Otakou. I roto au i tetahi mimicking, the way that kids do." There was nothing to research and Maori language publishing. o r6pO kapa haka i reira. I patai atu te " do with te reo Maori at school. The present committee had its first meeting at kaiwhakahaere 0 te r6pO ki t6ku matua ki te I "My grandfather spoke Maori and my father to a Waihao Marae at the Ngai Tahu hui-a-tau last November » panui i tetahi waiata. Kaore e taea e ia taua _ lesser degree, but my mother, no, she would use some and has subsequently met in December 1999 and March »1 waiata te panui. I tangi ia. I ahau e noho ana i ---I Maori kupu and waiata, kapa haka. We went to Aunty and May this year. " reira, kaore au; te tino m6hio, he aha ia i tangi - -, Wai's place for kapa haka practice every Sunday. We The current members are: Ross Caiman, Sheridan ai? -t always used words like kaik." McKinley, Rangi Nicholson, Tahu P6tiki, Hana P6tiki, Piri » Engari inaianei, kei te marama au. » In 1994, the first in what was to become a series of Sciascia, Mere Skerrett-White and kaumatua Kukupa ::E: Na, mai i taua wa i ako maua ko tOku week-long total immersion hui was held in the Ngai Tahu Tirikatene. Ngai Tahu Development Corporation staff ::E: matua i te reo rangatira, ara ko te reo Maori. I rohe. These Reo Rumaki hui were a response to the fact Lynne Harata Te Aika (Te Reo Development Manager) c: te wa e whitu 6ku tau i tfmata maua ki te ako i c: that there were only a handful of Ngai Tahu native and Mason Ngawhika (Te Reo Officer) are also part of nga karaehe Maori ki t6ku marae. He kuare speakers alive and that there had to be encouragement the group. na Ross CaIman n6ku ki t6ku reo Maori i taua wa. II for younger speakers coming through. Na, i ako ahau i te reo Maori i roto i etahi atu r6pO kapa haka. Na te kapa haka taku hiahia ki te ako i te reo In 1997, a small group of Ngai Tahu dedicated to te Maori i manako haere. Na reira, ko tetahi take i ako ai au i te reo Maori, ki te tOkaha i runga i te atamira hihiko a te reo Maori met with the support of Ngai Tahu Development haka. Corporation, in Dunedin at the University of Otago to I ako ahau i te reo Maori ki te kura tuarua me te whare wananga. discuss language planning. It was at that time that the Engari i te tau 1994, i haere ahau ki Taumutu ki tetahi reo rumaki. He tina mataku au i reira na te mea kaore i name "Kotahi Mano Kaika - Kotahi Mano Wawata" was taea e au te whakawhiti k6rero. Heoi an6, i waenganui i taua wiki tina roa, ka tae mai te reo Maori i roto i 6ku coined. moemoea. I te mutunga 0 taua hui, i piki ake au ki tetahi taumata. Katahi an6 ka tfmata ki te patu i te taniwha i roto Kotahi Mano Kaika - Kotahi Mano Wawata, which i aau. can be translated as 'a thousand homes, a thousand Ka whai tonu au i te reo Maori m6 nga whakatipuranga kei te heke mai, ara ko nga parekereke 0 te kL dreams', has been adopted as the name of the Maori Ka hapai tonu t6ku reo Maori mo 6ku tfpuna kaore i taea e ratou to ratou reo rangatira te k6rero. language strategy currently being developed by the Ngai Na reira ko taku k6rero whakaotinga, hei mihi ki te tokomaha 0 koutou ki te ako me te whakaako i te reo Tahu Language Planning Committee. rangatira. Me karawhiu! He mihi nunui hoki taku ki t6ku matua. Nana t6ku haerenga i whakatau. Nana an6 ahau te This group has been brought together under the reo Maori i whakauara. auspices of Ngai Tahu Development Corporation to Na reira, tena koutou katoa ki te whanau whanui 0 Tahu! provide advice on the development of a strategic plan Ko tenei tetahi kauhau i tuhia e Megan Ellison ma te hui tuatahi aTe Huanui i tenei tau. Ko Te Ruahikihiki, Kai Te Pahi, me Kati Moki ana hapD. Ko Otakou me Taumutu ana marae. Ko Te Ati Awa tt5na iwi atu. Joshua Fishman on language loss He kaiwhakaako a Megan a te reo Maori kei Te Whare Whai Matauraka Ki Otautahi. Kei te mahi tonu ia i tana Joshua Fishman is a world authority on language revitalisation and bilingualism. He has an "Masters" i te mahi matauranga. extensive background in the restoration of Yiddish, a Jewish language, in communities in the Ko Te Huanui he akoranga ki te reo Maori kei Te Wananga a Otautahi. United States. Joshua was hosted by the Ngai Tahu Development Te Reo Committee in June 2000. What do you lose when you lose your language? Joshua Fishman describes the situation that largely Joshua Fishman attempts to answer this question in an faces us in Ngai Tahu today. We have gone on being article of the same name. Ngai Tahu, largely using the medium of English. The mostimportant relationship between language When languages die, people do not stop talking. and culture that gets to the heart of what is lost when Cultures do not fold up andsilently steal offinto the night. you lose a language is that most of the culture is in the They go on and they talk the new language. They go on language andis expressed in the language. Take it away in the other language; they work out a new relationship from the culture and you take away its greetings, its between language and culture. curses, its praises, its laws, its literature, its songs, its ... because ofthat newrelationship, it becomes very riddles, its proverbs, its cures, its wisdom, its prayers. difficult to bring back and to strengthen the old language, The culture could not be expressed and handed on in which is already undergoing so many stresses. any other way. What would be left? When you are talking about the language most of what you are talking about (Joshua Fishman, "What do you lose when you lose your is the culture. That is, you are losing all those things that language?", Foundations of Bilingual Education: Multi­ essentially are the way of life, the way of thought, the lingual Matters, C Baker (ed),Clevedon,England.) way ofvaluing, and the human reality thatyou are talking about.

28 TE KARAKA Makariri I Win I e r 2 0 0 0 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 29 ::D C::I Z Ko Tapuae-o-Uenuku te maunga warfare with Ngati The traditional takiwa of Otakou was » Ko Waiau-toa te awa Mamoe which re­ centred on Pukekura (Taiaroa Head). The Ko te Tai 0 Marokura te moana sulted in Papa place name Otakou originally applied to the Ko Kaikoura te kainga Pounamu, known main fishing channel on the eastern side » Ko Takahanga te marae as Te P6M 0 Tohu of the harbour and early European whalers " Ko Maru kaitatea te whare Raumati.Ngati probably relocated the name to the land. -c Ko Ngati KurT te hapO KurT established At a later date the name was adopted, ::D Ko Ngai Tahu te iwi mana whenua in using southern dialect, into the name of the o Ko tenei te mihi mahana ki nga iwi katoa huri noa i te Kaik6ura, which 6- province Otago. motu they continue to E The modern Otakou people who -n No reira, tena koutou, tena koutou, tena tatou katoa. maintain. -S2 constitute Te ROnaka Otakou are - ~ r- In the early 1800sTe :::::- descendants of those topuna who claimed Te ROnanga 0 Kaik6ura is the northernmost rOnanga Rauparaha, a Ngati ~ and held the mana whenua of this rohe. m within the takiwa of Ngai Tahu.lts boundaries extend from Toa rangatira came @ Our whakapapa extends back to the the Hurunui River, into the Mainland Divide and up to to the South, ~ original Waitaha and Rapuwai who first Parinui 0 Whiti. The base is Takahanga Marae, situated sacked Takahanga ~ settled in the south and who left their within the township of Kaik6ura.Our wharenui,Maru Marae and progressed as far down as Kaiapoi. At that sacred legacy in the landscape with Kaitatea, was opened in January 1992 and was a joint time Ngai Tahu Whanui were fighting one another. hilltops, rivers and ocean rocks all named Ngai Tahu/Matawaka effort. Our Upoko and ROnanga However, when Te Rauparaha and his allies came South, in their memory. The Waitaha remained Chair, Wiremu (Bill) Te Haere Solomon is an ex-Ngai Ngai Tahu put aside internal disagreements to fight the undisturbed for generations, until the Tahu Trust Board and Ngai Tahu Development Board northern invaders. When TOhawaiki and Taiaroa returned descendants of Hotumamoe made their member. along the Kaik6ura coastline, they pushed Ngati Toa as way across Raukawa Moana and quickly Minute secretary is Gina Solomon and treasurer is far north as Fighting Bay (Marlborough Sounds), where intermarried with the local people. It was, though, the right), is ahi ka or occupation rights. These rights are Jane Rikiti, with administration undertaken by Raewyn Te Rauparaha was forced to flee, swimming to his waka hapO of Kai Tahu who claimed the land through conquest best seen by the marriages that took place between Kai Solomon and Martin Manawatu. The Takahanga Pa Trust to avoid capture.Takahanga Marae lay dormant from that and the right of umu takata (ovens of the battlefield). Tahu and the most senior Kati Mamoe. The new Otakou is responsible for the land and buildings and includes time until the mid-1970s when land was returned to the The first Kai Tahu to move south was Waitai, a son arrivals married into Hinetutunawai, Hikapaki and Koraki, Doug Poharama, Suzanne King, Debbie Walford, Mark rOnanga. It took nine years of legal haggling to regain of Kuri. He stopped off at Otakou and joined forces with all daughters of Mamoe from the lines of Nukutaurarao Solomon, Darcia Solomon and Wiremu Solomon.This the land and a further eight years of fundraising before Te Rakitauneke, the ruling Mamoe rakatira of that time, and Te Rakitauneke. This secured mana for them and trust is elected by the rOnanga. A voluntary Resource the marae was rebuilt and opened in 1992. It appears he made a descent claim to Pukekura during their descendants. Management Committee made up of rOnanga members Takahanga marae is a busy marae with visiting that period and he was quickly followed by an occupying Te Pahi is recognised by the people of Otakou as deals with resource management and wahi tapu issues. groups ranging from schools, iwi authorities, councils, force lead by Maru, Te Aoparaki and Tarewai. The an important ancestor, who perhaps best represents the Te ROnanga 0 Kaik6ura has monthly rOnanga government departments and everyday visitors. Tarewai story is important to Otakou and many place take for local mana whenua. Despite that, the unifying meetings on the second Sunday of every month at the Between 10,000 and 15,000 people visit the marae each names recall his chiefly exploits. He is meaningful to the ancestors are most certainly Taoka and Moki, both sons marae to discuss and make decisions about marae and year and our aim is to welcome and look after our saga of mana whenua because it was Tarewai and his of Te Ruahikihiki. Ngai Tahu issues. We welcome as much participation manuhiri. Our cooks (who are the hub of the marae) are uncles who expelled the remaining dissenting Kati The significant leaders of the Otakou community as possible and a quarterly report is sent to all members voluntary and do a fabulous job. At the moment we have Mamoe to the land of Moho. during the early contact period were Karetai, Taiaroa, registered with the rOnanga. five new poupou carved by the men of the marae, with Meanwhile Te Ruahikihiki and his son Moki had Hoani Wetere Korako and Tahatu. During debates held Formal registration with Te ROnanga 0 Kaik6ura is two more yet to be completed. They look awesome! migrated to Taumutu at the mouth of Waihora. The in the Te Mahi Tamariki hall in 1891, all the rights of these through the Whakapapa Ngai Tahu list. Those people The future vision of Takahanga marae is to "ensure uniting KurT ancestry gave Moki a right to move all the chiefs were confirmed and descent lines from Taoka, who whakapapa to the rOnanga,or whose t1puna are land a healthy, prosperous and secure future for the tamariki". way to Pukekura and assume a leading role. He and his Moki, Ruahikihiki and Kati Mamoe were used to grantees (taken from the 1848 kaumatua list) are entitled people were to prove pivotal in the history of Otakou, as substantiate claims to mana. to register with the rOnanga. the eldest was struck with a fatal affliction attributed to This mana is recognised today in the customary To register contact Raewyn Solomon or Martin makutu. The younger brothers went in search of revenge management and decision-making rights that Otakou Manawatu at PO Box 39, Kaik6ura, phone (03)3196523 blaming their close relation Te Wera for the death. The exercises for the area encompassing the Otago or email [email protected]. Once resultant bloodshed saw Moki and his people defeated Peninsula south to and including the Clutha river, and registration is confirmed a signed letter of verification is and Te Wera uttering gruesome words regarding his inland to the lakes Whakatipu-wai-maori and beyond to sent. solemn duty to devour his own nephew. It was Moki's Piopiotahi, including lakes Wanaka and Hawea. It also It is said that Takahanga is the place where Maui brother Taoka who expelled Te Wera to live out his days includes interests in the Manuherekia, Henley and Taieri stood when he fished up the North Island. Maui's on Rakiura. River catchment, and encompasses Whakari and the descendants were in Kaik6ura when Waitaha arrived. Following the defeat of Te Wera, Taoka took his Otago Harbour, including the site of present day Dunedin. Marriages between these descendants and Waitaha nephew Te Pahi and placed him once again in control of These are not all exclusive rights and we share much of existed for many years prior to the occupation of Ngati Pukekura and Otakou. Te Pahi married Hakuiao, of the the inland responsibilities with neighbouring rOnaka. The Mamoe. Further intermarriage occurred between Ngati Rapuwai people, and their three sons were the ancestors present day takiwa differs from traditional times, however Mamoe, Waitaha and descendants of Maui, all of whom of some of Kai Tahu's leading rakatira. the cultural centre remains Otakou Marae. Otakou has lived in peace and harmony until the arrival of Ngati Kuri. This umu takata is only one take for mana whenua been very active in exercising care and custodianship of Upon the arrival of Ngati KurT there was a period of at Otakou. The other important take topuna (ancestral the natural resources and values in the takiwa.

Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 31 30 TE KARAKA Makariri I Win t e r 2 0 0 0 ::IJ The location of the most recent Otakou Marae was with them for the duration of their stay. The mana is then Z 1chosen in the late 1850s by the chiefs Karetai, Taiaroa picked up by the tangata whenua during the closing G) c: and Korako, who wanted to establish a church, school, speeches of the hui. Z meeting house and burial ground. The first meeting Otakou ROnaka has and continues to be a part of »1 » house was Te Mahi Tamariki and was built in 1874 and the hapO, tribal and local communities.The marae so named because of the relentless work of seeking provides support for whanau at times of celebration and Ngai Tahu has adopted a health --I " justice for Kai Tahu land grievances that had, by this time, crisis. It is also the venue for a number of hui, where and social services strategy. One » been pass_ed on to the next generation. thousands of people, from a myriad of communities, of the key features of the strategy » The Otakou Marae is a ten acre Maori Reserve on gather to deal with social, cultural, educational, spiritual, is to establish a structure to man­ :I: 1:J which stands a church and a small museum which was Treaty and resource management issues. age the provision of health and c: ::IJ built in 1940; an ex-school building and schoolmaster's Members of Te ROnanga Otakou are engaged in social services to Maori in the house built in 1961; and the current meeting house many community activities, having produced cultural Ngai Tahu rohe. He Oranga C O Tamatea, which replaced Te Mahi Tamariki in 1946. artworks, resources and support for a variety of Pounamu is that new structure .liilil ." Tamatea derives its name from Tamatea-Pokai­ community institutions and organisations. Te ROnanga which has been set up as a charitable trust. The interim Ngai Tahu Development Corporation currently has m - Whenua, who in tradition sailed the Takitimu waka down Otakou has continued the long tradition of involvement board of trustees which held their first meeting on 13 a team of experienced health and social service workers < ..... the East Coast to Te Waipounamu, until it was wrecked in Ngai Tahu tribal, cultural, political and social April, has put in place an establishment plan and appointed supporting He Oranga Pounamu. Already this team is m m near the mouth of the Waiau River in Southland. endeavours, through the provision of representation at Fiona Pimm (no Arowhenua) as Chief Executive for the actively talking with funding agencies and results have ..... Tamatea-Pokai-Whenua eventually made his way back all levels of the tribal structure. establishment phase. The permanent board is to be in been favourable. The Health Funding Authority has to his home in the North Island. Many place names in Te The vision for Te ROnanga Otakou is "to uphold the place before 31 October, and will consist of five trustees recently released two new contracts for Whanau Ora and o Waipounamu relate to his journey overland on his mana of the mana whenua ki Otakou and our iwi through appointed by Ngai Tahu Development Corporation, two Mobile Nursing Services and ACC are actively seeking 1:1 northward journey. the provision of kaitiakitanga and excellence in trustees elected by affiliated Maori service providers and kaupapa Maori providers for nursing and rehabilitation The carvings on Tamatea are concrete replicas, leadership for the benefit of our people and the wider two trustees elected by affiliated Maori community services. The two major general practice collectives in s: taken from carvings housed in the Otago Museum. They community". The challenges, which are no doubt faced organisations. the Ngai Tahu rohe, Pegasus Medical Group and m originally belonged to Ngati Porou and come from the by all rOnaka, include developing opportunities for our The role of He Oranga Pounamu is to deliver value­ Southlink Health Inc are also working with the He Oranga z house Tumoanakotore of Hick's Bay. The church at members along with meeting the needs of government added services to Maori service providers and Maori Pounamu team to identify opportunities for im­ Otakou Marae was built in 1940 as a centennial memorial and community organisations in this post-settlement era. community organisations that will enable development provements in primary care service delivery. -I to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, on 13 June 1840, We have two employees at Te ROnanga Otakou, Robyn of kaupapa Maori health and social service arrange­ There are many other opportunities to be developed 1:1 at Pukekura by Karetai and Korako. It also com­ Russell who is the Administration/Communication Officer ments. He Oranga Pounamu will act as a broker working by He Oranga Pounamu for kaupapa Maori services. memorates the establishment of the first Christian and Project Manager Hoani Langsbury. directly with the range of agencies who fund health and This will be an exciting year for the development of :D mission in Te Waipounamu at Waikouaiti in May 1840. We have four hundred registered members at Te social services. Successfully negotiated contracts will services, providers and communities. Associated with o The church is of Methodist denomination, but is ROnanga Otakou. Recently we received a list from then be subcontracted to affiliated Maori service increased and improved services for Maori there are c.. administered in an interdenominational way. Whakapapa Ngai Tahu, totalling in excess of five providers. Local delivery of services is a key operating opportunities for workforce development, training and m The pulpit was carved by Reverend Riemenscheider thousand members, with affiliation connections to principle of He Oranga Pounamu. employment. and comes from the original church that was built on that Otakou. Other groups affiliating to Te ROnanga Otakou o site in 1865. The urupa holds many illustrious ancestors, include: Otokia Whanau at Brighton, Moturata Taieri -I including chiefs Karetai, Taiaroa, Ngatata (the chief of Whanau at Taieri Mouth and South Otago ROnaka at en Wellington who signed the Treaty), Korako, HK Taiaroa, Kaka Point. The Ngai Tahu Card Wi Potiki and Tom Ellison. Many local families still use The communication and development exercise There is considerable support and excitement within the elements: the urupa and it is reassuring to the Otakou people that itself is a mammoth task for the executive committee, tribe regarding the concept of the Tribal Collective •A series of product and service opportunities no matter where we travel we can always return to our employees and existing rOnaka members. It is one of a Benefits Programme and the Ngai Tahu Card. • An ongoing communication programme meeting house and the bones of our ancestors. number of key take we face in the year 2000, along with The Ngai Tahu Card, which has been referred to • The Ngai Tahu card Some of the well-known whanau names from the reviewing our legal structure to manage our pOtea and as Te Mara nui 0 Kai Tahu (The Collective Garden of Kai The programme will be flexible and will continue to evolve Otakou area are Karetai, Taiaroa, Ellison, Potiki, Russell assets. Developing and providing wananga and hui for Tahu) will be launched during 2000. The main purpose in response to iwi needs, research and evaluation. and Wesley. The Upoko of Te ROnanga Otakou is Kuao our whanau is also regarded as a major priority. It is an of this exciting new initiative is to add real value to the Langsbury, with the executive committee being the komiti exciting time to be involved in Te ROnanga Otakou and lives of every registered member of Ngai Tahu whanui Product and service opportunities whakahaere. The executive committee is elected by the we would welcome any contact from whanau. and deliver a tangible result to all Ngai Tahu post­ The programme proposes the development of a wider rOnaka. They are responsible for the upkeep of Our contact details are: settlement. The ultimate goal of the programme is to range of opportunities for tribal members to access the marae grounds and buildings as well as working Te ROnanga Otakou develop and prOVide access to a range of products, benefits, discounts and good deals in relation to a variety through a myriad of requests from government and Tamatea Road services and benefits, which save whanau members of areas including insurance, travel, finance and community organisations. In terms of taoka, Otakou is RD 2,Otakou money. Targeting expenditure in key areas such as education. Individual Ngai Tahu would access and pay renowned for the large sweet tuaki (cockle), which is a Dunedin housing, health, and education, we hope to help the for goods and services that met their particular needs. remnant of a once greater and more diverse mahika kai Telephone: 034780352 budgets of tribal members. These benefits will be unique The benefits fall into three categories and combinations resource. The pounamu of the Upper Wakatipu remains Facsimile: 034780354 to Ngai Tahu and the programme will be the first to thereof: a significant icon, as does the famous Pukekura from E-Mail: address Maori specific needs in such an innovative way. Those that take advantage of the collective buying which the takiwa was managed. Barracuda is another Robyn Russell (Administration/Communication Officer): The Ngai Tahu Development Board of Directors has • power of Ngai Tahu. taoka associated with Otakou. [email protected] agreed to proceed with this programme that will enable Those that would not normally be available to many The kawa is paeke, where the home side all speak Hoani Langsbury(Project Manager):[email protected] • the wellbeing of Ngai Tahu whanau to be enhanced. The Ngai Tahu members where Ngai Tahu Devel- first and then the manuhiri respond. This is followed by underlying theme of the programme is strength in unity. opment can fill an underwriting function. wahine ki te wahine in the hongi. The mana of the marae It utilises the collective tribal membership to provide Those that might be directly funded or subsidised is extended to and shared with the visitors and remains By Te ROnanga Otakou members • practical and worthwhile benefits and has three key continued on page 39

32 TE KARAKA Makar i r i I Win t e r 2 aa a M a k a r i r i I Win t e r 2 a aaTE KARAKA 33 (muttonbird) and toroa (albatross) or bush birds such as a high rocky coast to the south offer access to a wide C kiwi. range of food sources. The beach is sheltered from the C L1I "We didn't have to excavate as much as we thought prevailing westerlies by a gravel bar and islands to the L1I ::I: to get the story," says Gerard. "From the trenches we south and west. ::I: put in, we now have a very clear picture of what remains There were at least two possible migrations into this I­ of the site." area. One by Tukiauau and his people, who sought refuge I­ a: The group knew that the original waka pieces were with Tukete at Potatara Pa (Ruggedy), and more recently a: « found in a peaty layer lower down the beach. They dug in 1827 when Te Wera moved his people south from Bluff « test pits in the swamp behind the sand dunes and in front to Mason's Bay in fear of retaliation from Te Maiharanui L1I of them on the beach. By chance the pit on the beach during the Kai Huanga feud. L1I z struck a piece of adzed wood which was identified as The real significance of the site is that, along with Z :::) part of a waka. villages in Port Adventure and Broad Bay, The Gutter :::) "It was an extraordinary find. We didn't expect to may have been the site of the southernmost prehistoric « find a waka part so high up the beach," Gerard says. Maori village in the country. « ~ After consultation with the rOnaka, the emphasis of Recent research by Professor Anderson has also ~ the project changed to recovering whatever pieces of uncovered evidence that Polynesians ranged as far south

34 TE KARAKA Makariri I Winter 2000 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 35 -I- ::> :J a: a: ::> ::> Ngai TOpoto marae in Motukaraka and at hui will more TK: Tell us a little about your Ngai Tahu -

36 TEKARAKAM a k a r i r i I Win t e r 2 0 0 0 M a k a r i r i I Win t er 2000 TE KARAKA 37 ~------...... _--,.--~-..-.....".-~-=------=--_ ...... -~ ::l asked some knowledgeable Kai Tahu people about it. that you are not good at maths and sciences and This led me to compile the Kai Tahu dictionary during therefore won't be good at computers, think again. Only a: the evenings at home in my own time. This enabled me a few sectors of the computer industry require maths and to own the copyright on it, not my employer. Near the science skills. If you are planning on travelling the world ::l bowman. Hoist­ completion of Te Reo Tupu my employer gave me half when you are older, why not do it with a computer degree. A successful challenge followed by a successful defence -

38 TEKARAKAM a k a r i r i I Win I e r 2 0 0 0 M a k a r i r i I Win I e r 2000 TE KARAKA 39 ~ o Kei Te Haere Koe Ki Hea? Where Are You Coing?*

For many generations. tuna has been an important source of food for Kai Tahu.

Tuna was a taniwha that lived in the stream named Papakura-a­ Takaroa. Maui and Haere set a trap to~'Il~[2 Hosted by Te Runanga a Arowhenua catch the taniwha. The tuna was on the weekend of 15th It 16th April caught in the eel trap and cut into two pieces. The first piece flew to the rising place of the moon, to Pikopiko+whiti. o Hui Rakatahi 2000 is an opportunity to discuss The other flew to the the needs and goals of our Rakatahi. The rising place of the sun, hui will be held at Uenuku Marae at Moeraki to Pikopiko+rangi. in September 2000. The first portion was A three day wana!sa will include: the head and had eyes competition in it and the second * portion had the heart Toi Rakatahi needs a new image for their t-shirts. If you're 13 in it. C3 years or under then send us in your designs. Don't forget to also send us your name, age and address. The two parts flew off into the sky and then fell Theme: CHANGING OF THE SEASONS Size: A4 OR BIGGER down to earth with a big thump and Send your design to: made marau (hollows). 0 TO! RAKATAHI COMPETITION, The head jumped into the sea Ngai Tahu Development Corp. and formed the koiro PO Box 13-046, Christchurch, (conger-eel). The tail dived and lots more so stay in touch! Attention: The Projects Team. Be in to win a wicked prize pack! into the river known as o Entries close 1 September 2000. Muri-wai-hoata, For more information on Hui Rakatahi 2000 where it beca me the tuna. Rakatahi Project Co-ordinator 0800 KAI TAHU/0800 524 8248 [email protected] Ngai Tahu Development PO Box 13046, Christchurch TE HAO TAHUPOTIKI Order No. NTDC39 Tape and booklet of traditional Ngai Tahu waiata.

NGAI TAHU CAP Order No. NTDC37 NGAI TAHU V-NECK T-SHIRT Black with tan suede peak. Adjustable velcro for one size fits all. Order No. NTDC33 ALPHABET FRIEZE HE WAKA HUlA STORYBOOK AORAKI T-SHIRT "M6 tatou, a m6 ka uri a muri ake nei." $10.00 Order No. NTDC46 English - Order No. NTDC43 Order No. NTDC 1 Maroon S, M, L, XL, 2XL, 3XL printed on the back. Colourful frieze in te reo Maori for tamariki. Te Reo - Order No. NTDC44 Order No. NTDC8 Navy S, M, L, XL, 2XL, 3XL Black L, XL Each image is an A4 size. (Total 2.52m wide.) $5.00 Order No. NTDC15 Natural S, 2XL $15.00 $5.00 $20.00

TE WAKA HURUHURUMANU competition STORYBOOK Order No. NTDC47 A5 size Ngai Tahu Development would like a new image TE KETE 0 RAKAIHAUTU STORY BOARD $5.00 for their t-shirts. If you're 13 years or over then CUSTOMARY FISH ROUND-NECK T-SHIRT Order No. NTDC50 TOI RAKATAHI T-SHIRT CUSTOMARY FISHERIES VIDEO send us in your ideas. Don't forget to include Order No. NTDC23 Beautiful cutout images from the book Order No. NTDC48 "Customary Fishing Responsible Management. Resist Order No. NTDC17 your name, age, address and contact details. to stick on the wall, play games, and Toi Rakatahi 'bomb' on the back. Aguide to the South Island Customary greed, just take a feed." printed on the back. much more. Fisheries regulations. Theme: IMAGES OF KAI TAHU Royal Blue S, M, L, XL, XXL White 12yrs S, M, L, XL, 2XL $5.00 $15.00 Colour: ONE COLOUR only, but it can be $15.00 $10.00 $15.00 any colour of your choice. Use of te reo Maori is encouraged. Send your design to: DESIGN COMPETITION, Ngai Tahu Development Corp, PO Box 13-046, Christchurch, Attention Thelma. Be in to win a great prize pack. Entries close 1 Sept. 2000. TOI RAKATAHI FOLDER &STICKERS Order No. NTDC53 Ready-to-assemble Toi Rakatahi NGAI TAHU TE KETE A cardboard folder SPORTS BAG RAKAIHAUTU and 3 sheets of Order No. NTDC38 STORYBOOK school stickers. TE WAKA HURUHURUMANU STORY BOARD NGAI TAHU V-NECK T-SHIRT Black Order No. NTDC41 Folder features the Order No. NTDC51 Order No. NTDC35 26 x 30 x 52cm NUMBER FRIEZE A5 size Toi Rakatahi bomb. Cutout images from the book to stick on the wall, make your own stories, and much more. "Kua ea ka mate; kua tiituki ka wawata. $25.00 Order No. NTDC45 $5.00 $5.00 Te whakatOtukitaka 0 Te Kereme: 1848­ Colourful frieze in te reo Maori for tamariki. $5.00 1998" printed on the back. Each image is an A4 size. (Total 2.73m wide.) White S ...•...... •...... •..•.•...... •....•.••••....-10~ . $5.00 $15.00 Complete the order form below and mail to: Order Form Product Orders, Ngai Tahu Development Corporation, PO Box 13-046, Christchurch. Phone (03) 371 0190. Fax (03) 374 9264. INAME: POSTAL ADDRESS: PHONE:

PAYMENT OPTIONS Order No: Colour: Size: Qty: Price: ID~I Cheque attached (payable to Ngai Tahu Development) D ITIIIJJI II = ITIIIJJI II ID!=I= Credit card· Visa D Mastercard D ITIIIJJI II 101:== ITIIIJJI II 10 I~= HAEA TE ATA TE PANUI RONAKA T-SHIRT TE AKARAUPO I~= Order No. NTDC40 Order No. NTDC29 Signature: _ ITIIIJJI II 10 Order No. NTDC52 Postage and Handling (Covers up to five items within New Zealand: Others negotiable) I $5.00 Tape and booklet of Crew neck. Black with gold design Tape and booklet of creative songs for tamariki. traditional Ngai Tahu waiata. S, L,XL, 2XL Expiry Date: __---'-__ Date: TOTALIl--_ $5.00 $15.00 $5.00 Chris McLaren i I From the Hokitika Swimming Club to I ~ -< the Olympics! That's the way it'll be BOOK REVIEW o if a young Kai Tahu swimmer has his By Donald Couch 0 c: way. Chris McLaren only learnt to been published in this collection. z swim five years ago but he's Amongst those of interest are determined to make it to the top. It articles on two of our early South C> may seem like a huge ask but when Island Maori MPs - HK Taiaroa and ::IJ you consider the obstacles he's Tame Parata. Both had strong Kai " » already overcome, anything is Tahu whakapapa, did well at farming, m n possible. With the Coast conquered and an were obvious leaders, but encountered < :I: Chris got the bug for swimming eye on national competition, Chris is When the Waves endless frustrations in the colonial - when he had lessons at Hokitika shifting to Blenheim so he can train legislature. In light of recent m - Primary School. He soon mastered all year with a swimming coach. Rolled In Upon Us developments towards more ~ the basics and last year broke every =E Neil Kelman Monique, his mum, reckons he's at Michael Reilly &Jane collective leadership of the iwi, it is mAt just twelve years of age Neil Under 14 boys swimming record at the right stage mentally and physically instructive to compare the individualistic Kelman has already enjoyed con­ Westland High. What's extraordinary to excel at his solo sport, provided Thomson(edttors),University approaches ofthese two early leaders. ::IJ siderable success in his chosen is that he is for the most part self­ he gets the right opportunities. With of Otago Press, 1999. If there is one constant theme (IJ sport of gymnastics. For the past two taught. his determination and great whanau to virtually all these articles, it is the years Neil has been a national During the summer months, support, who knows what this young Ehara i te takata kotahi ana i oho problem of land. Three articles are champion in his age group at the Chris would get up at 6am, head athlete can achieve! ai i nehera. very focused on these issues. Jane Still Being Punished New Zealand Gymnastics As­ down to the Hokitika pool and swim (There can be more than one Jones writes on the Southern Block Written by Rachel sociation Junior Nationals. He has laps on his own. A good friend of the Alice Karetai version of a story and each has its purchases. Emma Stevens' concern family used to write him out training Selby, Huia Publishers, also been awarded his gold pin for At a special ceremony at Govern­ own mana.) is the Arahura Block purchase. Ann­ programmes but mostly he has had scores exceeding 48 points both ment House in Wellington recently, Marie O'Brien discusses the Stout­ 1999. to figure it out for himself. He has years and the Mason Gillespie the Governor General, Sir Michael With the recent multi-iwi hfkoi Ngata native land commission. improved his technique by observing Memorial Trophy in 1998 for the Hardie Boyes, honoured a group of from Taranaki (Te K5iwi Hfkoi And what about the Pakeha? competitors at swim meets and Rachel Selby's very brief (70 gymnast with the highest scoring special young New Zealanders who Maumaharatanga) to the Kai Tahu Edward Shortland gets his own trying out different strokes back pages) Still Being Punished ad­ average per apparatus. had achieved academic excellence rohe, how many of us heard for the chapter, as do Hamilton and home. Chris feels his way through dresses the intergenerational mis­ As a result of his successes in in their bursary examinations. first time the hundred-year-old Atkinson. Throughout, there are the water and adapts his technique understandings over the use of te reo 1999, Neil was chosen to travel to Among that group was seventeen­ stories of the manaakitanga of our accounts of the other principal until he moves faster. It is a hard way Maori. With considerable pride we Australia and compete in the year old Alice Karetai who was tOpuna for those from other iwi in players. Walter Mantell gets a to train and made even harder when watch and listen to our rangatahi Australian National Levels Cham­ awarded the 'Top Maori Female need (See Edward Ellison's account of somewhat more sympathetic the pool is closed for seven months k5rero te reo. But there is a dark side. pionships held in Adelaide. He was Scholar' and given a grant of $8000. the hfkoi on page13). hearing than Harry Evison was It is not unnoticed that some of our th of the year! Chris tries to keep fit by placed 13 overall, was the second­ Alice last year passed five By coincidence, one of the prepared to give him. Grey, Kemp, playing hockey and doing the odd new speakers, can be, and have placed New Zealand gymnast and a bursary subjects with very high essays in Waves, 'Exiled for a Fenton, Percy Smith, Elsdon Best­ session of dry-land training with been, quite derisive regarding their silver medallist in the teams event. grades and, as a sixth former, sat Cause' by Jane Reeves, describes 'all the usual suspects' are there. weights. pakeke and kaumatua who do not Currently Neil is a member of and passed bursary chemistry with the situation followers of Titokowaru What to make of all this? Here are to Yet somehow the combination have such language ability. the Junior Elite Under 13 New Zea­ a mark of 83 percent. She has a very faced when sent to jail in Dunedin. be found accounts of selected Te of raw talent, close observation and There was a time when most of land squad and is training hard for keen interest in both the arts and The story of Titokowaru has been Waipounamu historical events and commitment has paid off. Last year, our Ngai Tahu matua clearly decided the first competition of the year in sciences. Alice is a competent pianist told in James Belich's I Shall Not personalities, which all too often are Chris stripped four seconds off his that the learning of te reo had to Nelson in July. There is a lot of hard who is currently playing at grade Die:Titokowaru's War - generally subject to but a brief mention or 50m breaststroke time, which is make way for other interests which work required in reaching this level eight and also has a love of dance of recognised to be one of the most footnotes in the usual published huge for a sprint event. His times were considered to have greater of competition and maintaining a which she says she has tried all and important New Zealand books histories. were good enough to qualify for the priority. In hindsight of course, we position at the top. Neil has every form on offer on Waiheke published. To academic historians the Division 2 Nationals. He made the might have revised those priorities­ gymnastics training three nights per Island. But what of all those other collection may be classified as Maori grade in the 50m backstroke, and now we have. But it is not that week along with regular weights and Alice has lived all her life on the related stories not published in books history, rather than iwi or hapO breaststroke and butterfly events as long ago when there were no fitness sessions at the local Island where her dad Mike is the - or even as magazine or journal history. But until such time as we well as the 100m backstroke. k5hanga reo, no kura kaupapa and workingmen's club gym. There are local doctor. She went to both articles. University honours and have Kai Tahu writing the history of So the lone Hokitika club no te reo at all in Te Waipounamu also many hours of stretching and primary and high school on Waiheke graduate students are regularly these events from our perspective, member headed up to Wellington schools, universities and polytechnics. conditioning exercises that must be but this year has moved on to assigned, and write, interesting and these will help us remember the with his mum, brother and baby There was no Te Karere, no Mana done to stay in peak shape. Auckland University to continue her valuable histories or reports. Most people and events of those times. sister for his first national meet in News, no Mai Time, no Waka Huia Like all keen young sports study. At this stage she is working disappear into a black hole some­ Besides, the fresh, at times April. Unlike other competitors, there and no Huia Publishers. But these people Neil has a dream to reach for towards a double degree in arts and where. naive, perspectives these students were no teammates or coach just his are all here now. Many people have the stars. His dream is to one day science because she enjoys both The honours programme at the bring to their work is a welcome biggest fans, the whanau. Chris did worked hard to get them. They provide compete at the Olympics. At this subject areas and has yet to decide University of Otago History Department change from the standard historical well, clocking up personal best times opportunities that were not available stage it's looking like the 2008 what she would like to specialise in. has produced an ongoing body of writing which is either "safe", or in all his events and finishing 5th in to earlier generations. games. According to Alice, "anything is useful historical research. Twelve "wing-bat" - either of which may the 50m breaststroke with a time of Rachel Selby tells of even Neil is the son of Raymond and possible for the future". With Alice's selections focused on the Maori better ensure professional status 36.09 seconds, 1.5 seconds behind harsher times and places when Donna Maria Kelman of Blenheim. achievements to date that is surely history of Te Waipounamu have now and/or reputation. the winner. some pakeke and kaumatua of today an understatement!

44 TE KARAKA Makariri I Winter 2000 Makariri I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 45 were, as tamariki, physically abused school to Ruatahuna where all the his new school! 25. Frost, snow, sugar A cautionary little book. Do not 0 by their teachers in Native/Maori kids spoke Maori. He decided to 27. Kernel, pith schools for speaking te reo Maori. learn from them in the playground as make judgements of others on the ::D Not very pleasant reading! te reo was not taught in class - it was assumption that their opportunities 28. Sowthistle 0 Lightened only a little by Howard against the rules. But he was were the same as your own. 32. Yawn Morrison's story of going from an ex­ committed, thus ensuring that he got en 35. VC winner clusively English-speaking Rotorua the strap more than anyone else at en 37. Canoe thwart =E 38. Ground parrot 0 39. Echo 0 ::D Kaore he Tae_ te Whakapapa 40. Front C Na Pirirnia Burger 41. Calm, peaceful (Ngai TahupOtiki me Rangitane) 42. Wooden trumpet (From Nga Pakiwaitara rna nga Tarnariki 2, Huia Publishers, 1999) Clues Down 1. Tributary of Rakahuri (Ashley) Tokowha nga tangata 0 toku katoa. Mehemea he tauira Maori 2. Ancestral canoe of Ngai Tahu whanau. Ko tOku matua, he kiritea enei ahua mo nga iwi 0 Aotearoa, kei no te iwi 0 Tiamana. Ko toku whaea, hea he tauira moku? Kei hea he 3. Harbour where Ngai Tahu he paka no te iwi Maori. Ko toku ahua e rite ana ki ahau? signed the Treaty tungane, he paka korito ia no te iwi I enei wa ka puta mai te 4. Spine Tiamana me te iwi Maori. Ko ahau, whakaaro, e pono ana koia nei te he kiritea no te iwi Tiamana me te iwi whakaahua e whakaatatia mai? Na 5. Chief reira, ko wai ahau? Na wai ahau? No Maori ana hoki. Clues Across 6. Search, seek 15. Rough (assandpape0 Ki te titiro koe ki a maua ko toku whea ahau? 1. Christchurch 7. Power, separate tungane kaore pea koe e mohio he I enei wa ka haere ahau ki te 16. Set alight, burn 8. Oven in ground whanaunga maua. Ko nga makawe mira titiro ai ki toku nei ahua. Rite 8. Gleam, flash 17. Fortress o Peter he pango, ko oku makawe tonu oku makawe ki te peita kowhai 10. Parrot 9. Occupation, business, All he urukehu. Ko nga whatu 0 Peter i taku wharekura. Rite tonu aku 18. Revenge 11. Temporary protection of food he paka, ko oku whatu he kahurangi. whatu ki te kahurangi 0 te paua e "Ahakoa te rereke 0 a korua ahua, Black he whakapapa kotahi to korua. Koina supply 19. Cordyline Australis Ko te kiri 0 Peter he paka korito, ko t1aho ana. Rite tonu taku kiri ki te ma 17. Climb tOku he kiritea. Na, i te nuinga 0 te o te aikiha pepa no te toa nui a Ao te mea nui a te Maori." 12. Hard 20. Full (as tide) 19. Alight, come to rest wa he pai tonu enei rereketanga, Hou. Na, I enei wa kua kore au e 13. Greeting 21. Current engari i etahi wa.... I tetahi wa e tiro ana ahau ki whakaaro pera na te mea kua mohio 20. Screech as a bird I nga wa e haere ai matau ko taku ringaringa kiritea ka haere mai ahau ki te hohonutanga 0 te Maoritanga. Storage pit for food 22. Canterbury river 22. There! toku whanau ki to matau wharenui tOku whaea. Ka titiro mai ki ahau. Ko nga mea whakahirahira 0 te ki a TOtehuarewa, ka tOtaki ana Katahi ka whakapiri i tOna ringa ki te Maoritanga, ko te whakapapa me te Winter is here again which means time for cooking up plenty of good 23. Spear with detachable point matau ki nga whanaunga katoa. I a taha 0 toku. whanaungatanga. Ahakoa kaore au hearty meals for the whanau to ward off the nasties that lurk around 24. Muscle, nerve ratau e noho ana i ro whare ka "Katahi ra te ringaringa ataahua e mohio ana ki nga ingoa katoa 0 oku in the cold weather. o taku kotiro Maori." t1puna a, ki te kore ahau e mohio ki 25. Taste, flavour, smell matakitaki ahau ki te whanau e Braised Lamb Shanks Garlic Mashed Potato "Ehara tenei i te ringaringa tetahi ingoa kotahi, kei te mohio ahau katakata ana, e waiata ana, e moe 6-8 lamb shanks 6·8 medium potatoes 26. Range of North Island Maori," ka hamumu au, "kaore ke he he Maori tOturu ahau. Na te mea ko ana, e ngongoro ana, e korerorero 3 cups beef stock 1/2 cup milk mountains ana. Ka titiro hoki ahau ki a ratau kaha 0 te paka." te whakapapa, ara ko nga taonga 0 1 cup red wine 1/4 cup cream ahua. He paka katoa. "Aue!", ka ohorere toku whaea. te Maoritanga i tuku iho i nga t1puna 6 bay leaves 2 tablespoons butter 28. Tree fern I nga wa ka haere matau ko aku "Koina to raruraru Kotiro? Kaua e te mea tuatahi. Na reira, ahakoa he 4 cloves garlic, peeled 2 cloves of crushed garlic 8 small onions, peeled and halved 29. Hide, skin hoa ki te taone ki te titiro i nga pikitia whakaaro pena. Ko te mea tina nui kiritea, ahakoa he paka te kiri, he uri Salt and pepper to taste 2 sprigs of fresh rosemary o te Maori ko te whakapapa me te koe no au t1puna Maori. 30. Belonging to, owned o te iwi Maori 0 Aotearoa, ka t1kina e au 3 sprigs of fresh marjoram Optional ingredients: nga pukapuka, nga panui whakaahua, whanaungatanga, ehara i te tae 0 to 1 tablespoon black peppercorns Pinch of paprika 31. Halo (around the moon) He urukehu oku makawe. nga maramataka, nga ripene whakaata kiri." 2 tablespoons of grated Parmesan Ko Aoraki te maunga. 32. Rub hard hoki 0 te iwi Maori. He paka katoa "Kei hea toku tohu Maori i rota i Place lamb shanks in a hot pan and cheese. He kahurangi oku whatu. toku ahuatanga? He rereke te ahua cook for a couple of minutes on each ratau. Ko Uruao te waka. 33. III omen side or until well browned. Boil potatoes until tender. Remove I nga wa e matakitaki pouaka a Peter ki toku. He aha i penei ai?", He kiritea tOku kiri. Remove from pan and place in a from heat and drain. Mix milk, 34. Digging stick whakaata ana ahau ko nga ahua 0 ko toku patai ki a ia. Ko Ngai Tahu, ko Rangitane oku iwi. casserole dish with the stock, wine, cream and butter together over a Ka whakahokia mai e ia, 36. Sail (of canoe) nga Maori whakaatutia, he paka bay leaves, garlic, onions, rosemary, low heat until the butter is melted. marjoram and peppercorns. Cover Pour over potatoes, add garlic and 37. Beach, sand and cook at 160aC (315°F) for two mash until smooth. hours or until the lamb is tender. 39. World, daytime Serve with garlic mashed potato. Answers on page 53

46 TE KARAKA Makar i r i I Win t e r 2 0 0 0 Makarir; I Winter 2000 TE KARAKA 47 Surname First Names Address Approx. age Gone No Address I No Date of Birth (DU) Cant. from issue 13 Murphy ...... Selena Asta Kiri Whitiora WESTERN AUSTRALIA 24 Pearce Steven Raymond Charles CHRISTCHURCH 18 Pearce... .. Timothy John CHRISTCHURCH 16 a:: Nga Reta Murray .. Renee Juvana 21 DU Murray ...... Margaret DU Pearson Maurice M Musson ...... Lesley Anne 33 Pene Gwen DU o Hihiria DU Pene John Ngakoataewha AUSTRALIA 56 Naera. Nahona .,. .. Ashley PORIRUA 4 Peneamene Tieke Pukurakau 76 27 Naihi ...... AliomaJPTe DU Pennicott Corey James !:: Dear Gabrielle Pennicott Hazel Rowena 43 Nathan ...... Gina Marie 28 May I through your letters convey my very best wishes Neary ...... Patricia Elizabeth RONGOTEA 31 Perawiti Eruera 87 C Nebbs ...... Jason 29 Perry Phillip Murray 30 to Sir Tipene O'Regan. Nelson ...... Jean DU Perry Graham Murray CHRISTCHURCH 49 W Nepia ...... Pirimona Hohepa 65 Perry . Michelle Karyn CHRISTCHURCH 31 Newall ...... Lailla DU Peterson . Jadeen Nola 23 Tipene, I hope you have a long and happy retirement. I Newson ... Samuel Davis CHRISTCHURCH 30 Peterson .. Shane 27 W am sure we will hear more from you. Such a man! Newton ...... Deena Carolyn 32 Petherbridge Andrew Foord Henare CHRISTCHURCH 4 Newton...... Moana Carolyn 9 Petherbridge .. .. Julienne Kiri CHRISTCHUROH 31 ::I: Newton ...... Teddy 58 Pewhairangi Keri Joyce Kaperiera 23 With great admiration, Ngahiwi. .... Zena Priscilla 51 Pewhairangi Arapera DU I- Nichol ...... Brett Jon NGARUAWAHIA 27 Pheloung .. Denise Margaret CHRISTCHURCH 44 Mrs June Hippolite (nee Gray) Nichol ...... Angela Cheri NGARUAWAHIA 25 Phillips .. Kamena Leigh 23 Nichol. .... Belinda Marie NGARUAWAHIA 25 Phillips Lisa Julie DUNEDIN 31 Nicholls .... Marie Karen 40 Phillips Herbert James TEAW,\MUTU 40 o .. Paula Michelle 22 Phipps Glenn Michael AUCKLAND 35 Nichols .... I- Tena koe Gabrielle Dear Madam Nichols ...... Kim Angela BAY OF PLENTY 41 Phipps·Black Graham Ewan DUNEDIN 40 Nicholson ...... Susan Joy 39 Pickering Tim CHRISTCHURCH 30 I muri i taku uiui ma te Karaka epa ana ki aku ra 0 mua, My brother Roland Charles Flutey and myself have been Nicholson ... Scott Alec TAKANINI 21 Pine Bronson Jury DUNEDIN 19 Nicholson ...... Judy AUCKLAND 31 Pine Deborah Mary DUN,EDIN 48 en working on our family tree. Pine.. .. Jayden Chappie 9 i mate taku hunaonga ko Tom Barrett. Nicoll ...... Colin Wayne 27 CHRIST~~~~~N Nicoll ...... Olivia Anne AUCKLAND 23 Pirini ... .. Kao~Tutuhi 5 a:: AUCKLAND 29 Kei te pirangi ahau ki te poroporoaki ki a ia. John Flutey is our great-grandfather and we have his Nicolle ...... Robert Michael WELLINGTON 24 Pitama Hare Te Pura Te Rangiamoa w 50 Poching Rishan AUCKLAND 6 Nightingale ...... Beverly Ann family information. It is his brothers' and sisters' families 20 Poching Rosa Sophie AUCKLAND 18 Haere e te hunaonga, haere ki a ratou, haere ki te tini. Nightingale ... KerrieLyn and their descendants that we are after. Nikara. Irihapeti DU Poching Vicki Talia AUCKLAND 17 l­ Whaia e koe nga tapuwae 0 au tatou t1puna. Haere, Nilsen .. Shane Timothy 24 Pohatu Bee Jay Thomas Pohatu 1 Nilsen ..... Brendon R DU Pohio John 49 I­ haere, haere atu ra. What we need from each family is their birth dates, Nixon .. Tina-Marie INVERCARGILL 40 Pohio .... Barry Edward DU Noble .. Atareta Taupe TEMUKA 48 Pohio Edward Clayton DU W marriage dates, spouses and all the relations down to DU Ka huri ahau ki te tuku whakaaro aroha ki taku tamahine, Nolan ...... Mihirau Peola TIMARU 64 Polglaze REC the youngest person. We also need death dates and Norton ..... Andrea Carol 31 Pollett .. John Mark 51 ...J ko Grayaana Barrett, me te whanau e noho pani ana. Norton. Symond James CHRISTCHURCH 17 Pomare Clive Anthony 36 whereabouts in New Zealand they were married as this Norton ...... Kelly Angela CHRISTCHURCH 26 Poole . Beau Oliphant 30 Kia kaha, kia manwanui, kia O! Norton...... Mark William WELLINGTON 35 Poole Allan WYNDAM 0.33 makes it easier to get in touch with the living whanau Norton...... Jeanette Rata Sonya Rachel WESTPORT 26 Pooley...... Dianne Elizabeth 43 Na and their descendants. Nukunuku ...... Papa Mangu 22 Porter .. Gavin Eric DU Nutira...... Amanda Sherrie CHRISTCHURCH 27 Porter lona May DU Nutira ...... David Rawiri Caine CHRISTCHURCH 23 Potiki Noel Paatu GORE 65 Michael O'Connor Please send any information to: Mr RC Flutey, O'Brien ...... Angela Ruth Daisy CHRISTCHURCH 46 Potts Joanne Carol RD.1 KAUKAPAKAPA 35 Wattledowns, Manurewa, Auckland. O'Connell ...... Raymond Peter 32 Poultney...... Jessie Florence DU 23 Huirapa Street O'Neal ...... Damian 13 Pouwhare .. Susan Panea 43 O'Neal ...... Neneh 10 Powell Shelley Maree DUNEDIN 45 Yours faithfully, O'Neal ...... Teresa-Mae 30 Powell Karla Annita DU EDIN 25 Arowhenua O'Regan ...... Kim Leigh WELLINGTON 38 Powell .. Sasha Fleur DUNEDIN 25 Mr James Flutey Oakeshott ...... Regina Annikki CHRISTCHURCH 40 Preece . Brendon Blake 22 Temuka Olsen .... Anthony William AUCKLAND 43 Preece Darren James 28 Onekawa ...... DavidTe Mao AUCKLAND 39 Priestley Stacy Rangiera 23 Onton Bradley DU Priestley William 53 Orbell Donna Maria UPPER HUn 26 Proctor Michael John 32 Osborn . ... James Joseph 24 Prosser Emmasha Denise Janelle 11 Paahi ...... Maiko Kaputone 40 Prosser.. .. Samuel David Brock 9 Pacey ...... Geoffrey William 33 Prouting Colin 35 Pahau .... Kuramate Pirihira 30 Prouting .. Emma Dawn 13 Pahau ...... Pirihira Ngatalea KAIAPOI 10 Prouting .. . .. Kristopher 10 Annual Report Award Pahau ...... Te Arapo Kahurangi Moana Paul KAIAPOI 12 Puki.. . Martha DU Pahi ...... Charles Clifton 28 Puru . Moana Josephine 37 The 1999 Te ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu Annual Report was the recipient of a bronze award in the Pahi ...... Hinepehinga Leah 48 Rainsbury Rachelle Colleen CHRISTCHURCH 25 Pahi ...... Tamati Elroy 23 Ramage .. Lorrani Rangimaria 23 Australasian Annual Report Awards announced in Sydney in June. Over 340 entries were received Pahi ...... Wade Benson 25 Ramage .. Dianne Michelle MATAURA 33 Pahi ...... Whetu-Marama NAPIER 20 Ramage . .. Tania Joyce MATAURA o for the award from throughout Australia, New Zealand, Asia and the Pacific. Paki ...... Mildred DU Ramage Tineka Dianne Marie MAfAURA 6 Mark Solomon attended the presentation in Sydney to collect the award on behalf of Te Paki...... Ngaringamate DU Ramage Trent Stewart MATAURA 12 Paki ...... Rongo DU Ramm .... . Margaret 49 ROnanga 0 Ngai Tahu. Palatchie ...... Rozmund Ruv'e 45 Rangipunga Mark Anthony 39 Palenski ...... Leanne Jane CARTERTON 26 Ransfield .. Te Awhitu Wainohu 37 Palmer ...... Raymond J DU Rasch .. Raewyn Ann UPPER HUn 36 Palmer ...... Derek John CHRISTCHURCH 39 Ratana Gazna Anne BLENHEIM 26 Palmer ...... William Robert RANGIORA 46 Ratana Robert James AUCKLAND 58 Answer to Pataka Korero, page 26 Panapa Israel Peter 19 Ratana Edwin Leigh Craig ROTORUA 4-1 Panapa .... Sarai Elizabeth 16 Ratcliffe Caroline DU Paniora ...... Makere MANUKAU CITY 26 Rawhiti-Newton Reuben James 8 1e Whakautu - The Answer Panoho ...... Paris Ben 7 Rayner Stephen John 46 Panoho Peggy Ngawaru 34 Read Marie June MAUNGATAPERE 72 Papara Dianne Ngahuia WESTERN AUSTRALIA 38 Reardon Darryl John Olson 51 Te 1 0 ka ra 0 Maruaroa 1852 Papara LanaTe Maari WESTERN AUSTRALIA 15 Reardon...... Judith Ngaire 52 Papara ...... Samuel Mapu WESTERN AUSTRALIA 38 Reese Martin Alan HAMILTON 36 Papara .. Shakinah Lee Ngahuia WESTERN AUSTRALIA 17 Rehu ., Hoani DU Parahi ...... Te Hikatangi Nancy DU Reid . Charlotte Alice Te Upokomaoa 21 E hoa e te Makarini. Parata ...... Michael Robert 32 Reid .. Fergus DU Parata ...... Erastus Leo AUSTRALIA N.S.w 17 Reid . Gillian Anne DU- Parata-Blane ...... Apryll Hiria WELLINGTON 40 Reid Justine Marie PAERO 29 Kaore ano to pukapuka kia tae mai ki ahau, ka oti pea te tahae e ka kaitiaki pukapuka. KOrapa mal tatahi Parata-Webster Nicholas George 16 Reihana . .. Te Ururaki T8MUKA 3 pukapuka i a koe, kia kurehu tou mai, kia roko au i ta korua korero ko te Wahapiro. E tama, e Wani, na taua Park .. Elizabeth DU Reihana Aroha Tau Tau TEMU~A Parker ...... Paul David WELLINGTON 41 Reihana . .. David Brian T'IMARU takata na, na te Wahapiro ki a kOe. Kauraka hoki a roa atu, kia wawe te rako atu matau. Ka mutu. Passey ..... Isabella DU Reihana . .. . Vanessa Huia TI¥ARU Paterson. .. John Rawiri THAMES 69 Reihana Leroy Te Mana Rana THfl:MES Patira ...... Phillip Andrew Shane 35 Reo. .. Sarah WELLINGTON Patterson-Newman .. Charles Richard BLENHEIM 64 Reriti .. Stephen CHRISTCHURCH Na tou hoa aroha Pattison ...... Faye DU Restieaux May Edna NaTaiaroa Paul ...... Jean Fox 61 Reuben .. Andrew Kahu Payne ...... Duncan 40 Reuben Christine Payne .... Stephen BI Reuben Eleanor

M a k a r i r i I Win t e r 2000 TEKARAKA 49 48 TE KARAKA Makariri I Winter 2000

•I 33 Te Aika ...... Tenaea Renee 20 OReuben. 66 Ryan Matthew Thomas Ihaia 28 Srhoy-pullon ...... Carole Val CHRISTCHURCH 30 Te Aika ..... Shayne Kingi CHRISTCHURCH 36 Reuben 54 Ryan Melanie Ellen 22 Staite . Jonothan Michael 47 Te Aika Jade Mary QLD, AUSTRALIA 15 Reuben . 30 Ryan Sheldon James 28 Stallard .. Dianne Katherine CHRISTCHURCH 21 Te Aika .. Matenga Lewis Paul QLD, AUSTRALIA 42 Reuben .. DU Ryan Stephen Wiremu 24 StanbUry Justin Thomas 31 Te Aroatua Pirlpi DU Reuben . DU Ryan...... Terrence BLUFF 61 Standish Robert David 25 Te Au .. Anthony DU Reuber . CHRISTCHURCH 40 Ryan A'mour-Jane Hapa Ngaio RANGIORA 27 Stenhouse.. ... Melanie Ann DU Te Hana . Maunga Oriwa 64 Reuben ,. TUAHIWI 5 Ryan. .. .. Carlos Fabio RANGlORA 4 Stephens ...... Nikorima INVERCARGILL 7 TeKaru C DU Reuben . TUAHIWI 11 Ryan .. .. Phillip (v) AUCKLAND 70 Stephens...... Hamish Troy INVERCARGILL 14 Te Karu .. Lena DU fleuben ". TUAHIWI 6 Ryan .. Brodie Loyd NELSON 7 Stephens Natasha Rose PORIRUA 39 Te Kau .. Kuini K DU Reuben . TUAHIWI 9 Rye .. Kay Jeanette OKATO 49 Stephens Mitchell AUSTRALIA DU TeKau W DU .Reuben .. AUSTRALIA 2205 5 Sadler Thomas Parata DU Stevens .... John 98 AUSTRALIA 2220 27 Sampson. .. Alexander James DU Stewart .... Molly Irene 77 TeKoeti FGD Te Koeti Bronwyn Ann WHANGAMI\TA 39 CHRISTCHURCH 40 Sanden Dylan CHRISTCHURCH 6 Stewart .. Albert Hoti Te Aaru DU Te Koeti Kevin Arthur WHANGAMATA 35 WEST MELTON 38 Sanden Enzo CHRISTCHURCH 4 Stewart. Joanne Mary QUEENSTOWN 34 Te Maari Matiu Terrence RAUMATI SOUTH 6 33 Sands...... Trevor Melvin AUCKLAND 67 Stichbury .. Lindsay Graeme 44 FEATHERSTON 23 37 Sanson Michael Paul 39 Stirling Edna Ruiha Margaret 41 Te Maari .. Shannon Jason Te Maiharoa Henry Dl) 4 Savory.. .. Blair 23 Stirling ..WT DU Te Miha Mellisa Tracey-Anne 27 AUCKLAND 55 Saxton...... Clifford Pehiatea NELSON 35 Stirling Whatawai DU Te Moeti-Coxon Aroha Mary DU WELLINGTON 23 Scadden.. . David Andrew CHRISTCHURCH 39 Strange.. Andrew George Kaahu 34 Te Momo . Michele Daphnie WAIKATO 37 30 Scadden Genna-Lee CHRISTCHURCH 11 Strange. Mark Allan 40 Te Puia .. Tahlia Leigh BLENHEIM 25 Scadden . Nicholas David CHRISTCHURCH 8 Strange. Mark Henri Kaahu BLUFF 30 TeRuke MT DU 37 Scanlon. . Linda Doreen 42 Stretch.... . Jacqueline Melissa 36 TeTau . Tiraumaera Horiana CARTERTON 28 CHRISTCHURCH 48 Schwaiger Matthew Vivian 24 Stuart . .. Wallace John 67 Te Tua ...... Patricia 53 DU Sciascia Ana Reita 50 Sullivan ...... Te Whilinga James 74 TeWhalti. .. .. Kiri DU AUCKLAND 39 Scorringe . Jonathan Charles 41 Summerton .. Gregory Mark 37 Te Whaiti .. Painawhai DU AUCKLAND 35 Scott .. .. Michael John 26 Supra ... William Mathew 29 Te Whaiti Ra Tutonu DU DU Scott ... Nigel Robert 32 Sutherland ...... David 49 Te Whaiti Rime Iraia DU WELLINGTON 42 Scullin Heather May NAPIER 45 Sutherland. Ngarita Daphne DU Teka Tui Anne WANGANUI 51 DU Seifert Sheryl Anne 52 Sutherland.. .. Jason Mathew Robert CHRISTCHURCH 29 Teki Tina-Marie BURNHA,M' 32 DANNEVIRKE 45 Selwyn-Ennis. Elizabeth KUMARA 59 Suttcliffe Christine DU Terrill Sonya Kataraina WHAKATANE 37 HASTINGS 40 Seumanatafa Anthony Paul CHRISTCHURCH 44 Swan .... Kim Whio 32 Thomas...... Doris Caroline 87 40 Shadrock Stacey Anel CHRISTCHUCH 20 Switalia.... Michael John DU INVERCARGILL 31 Thomas ..... Nee 76 52 Sharplin . Elizabeth Agnes DU Tabeh Karena Carol CHRISTCHURCH 30 Thomas Toni Tiliro 46 31 Shaw William Tasman 28 Tabeh . Angela·Jane CHRISTCHURCH 28 Thomas Mary Jane iNVERCAFlGILL 33 24 Shawyer Julian AUCKLAND 32 Tabeh . Jo-ann Maree 49 Thomas Marama AUSTRALIA 29­ DU Shearman Donald Wayne 39 Tahau . Hilda DU Thomas Dean James CHRISTCHURCH 27 32 Shelford Hami Charles 34 Tahuaroa TrevorWatson 35 Thomas Harold James CHRISTCHURPALMERSTON NORTH 33 Taurima .. Carmen Jane SOUTH OTAGO 25 Tombs .. Amber KAIKOURA 6 Toogood .. Seiwyn F 50 CHRISTCHURCH 11 Smith Daphne Lorraine SOUTHLAND 60 Taurima Hemi Joseph SOUTH OTAGO 23 56 Smith John Henry TUAHIWI 44 Tauroa Dennise Waimarea WHANGAREI 40 Topi .. Ricky James 38 47 Smith Caroline Jane WELLINGTON 31 Tauroa Hayden WHANGAREI 17 Topia Dorothy Whitiora Ngaria 44 34 Smitheram-Baylis Yvonne Lorraine PALMERSTON NORTH 56 Tauwhare Aaron James CHRISTCHURCH 27 Topine . .. Thompson Whara whara AUCKLAND 45 57 Snow. . Roy Te Weringa AUCKLAND 30 Tauwhare William Ihaia Jnr. CHRISTCHURCH 41 Topine . Melissa Waikura TAUMARU UI 32 DU Snow Blake Te Kanawa CHRISTCHURCH 24 Tauwhare T LYTTELTON DU Toromata Susan Dawson 52 CHRISTCf-jtJRCH 28 DU Solomon ...... Ivy Mabel CHRISTCHURCH 57 Tavita Katherine Lorraine AUCKLAND 30 Tourell .... Glenn Neil DUNEDIN 45 Sparks Joshua Tane UNITED KINGDOM 9 Tawera Hirini Sydney 78 Townsend. . Ronald James CHRISTC URCH 39 MASTERTON 30 Spencer Greig George 62 Tawera Tania Marie 23 Trainor .. .. Rodney Richard 39 ROTORUA 44 Spencer Robert Edmund Bruce HUNTLEY 49 Tawera Patrick Claude WELLINGTON 25 Trainor CherryTaina INVERCARGILL 33 22 Spiers.. .. Charlotte May DU Tawhai Heni Kahurangi DU Trapani-Lyall Marlene Dorothy 56 AUSTRALIA 44 29 Spriggs.. .. David John 36 Tayior . Tura Wayne Francis 44 Treiblmayr .. Franz Josef CHRISTCHURCH 7 NORTH DUNEDIN 25 Spriggs .. .. Ian Charles 49 Tayior David Autumn CHRISTCHURCH 21 Tretheway·Pedlar ..... Zane Allen Hoani DUNEDIN 52 55 Spunner .. Dean QLD, AUSTRALIA 23 Tayior .. .. Tania Alexandria PARNASSUS 31 Trinder Lynette 42 24 Spunner . .. Craig QLD, AUSTRALIA DU TeAho Roma Lady 4 Trumper Elaine Ann 23 28 Spunner Gloria Ann QLD, AUSTRALIA 49 Te Aho ... .. Kahurangi GISBORNE 3 Trumper .... Julie Natalie

M a k a r i r i I Win t e r 2000 TEKARAKA 51 50 TE KARAKA Makariri I Winter 2000 Trumper ... .. Racheal Elaine 22 Wehipeihana Graham Lindsay BULLS 41 Tua Ripeka Takotowai DU Welem Tane KERIKERI DU Tuakana .. Tina Tama CHRISTCHURCH 1 Wells. .. AH DU Tuali Vicky Tera OLD, AUSTRALIA 43 Wereta Dawn Jane HASTINGS 20 TUhaka Richard James 26 Wesley... .. Connagh Nadia Te Huika DUNEDIN 7 Tupe .1 , Katrina Hemo 29 Westland Brendon Noel DUNEDIN 21 Tupe . Cheryllhipera AUCKLAND 37 Wetini ... Jason Haerewa 46 Tumer .- Freya Jane Bannister 17 Whaanga James Paul 31 Turne Michael Alfred NELSON 39 Whaitiri Aneva Joy 25 Turner Felicity Jane TAURANGA 47 Whaitiri Charmaine 45 Turnock John Brian 60 Whaitiri .. Cory James 30 Turnock Karen Ann 23 Whaitiri Jason Ree 37 Turnock Stephen Craig 28 Whaitiri Korena Ann 38 Tuuta Nadine Trisha 29 Whaitiri John R DU Tynan " Rhonda DU Whaitiri Paitu Hamiora INVERCARGILL 39 Tynan , Stephen Craig AUCKLAND 43 Whareaitu Huataki Peter Hemi 39 Tyson ,F DU Whareaitu .. Michael Aaron Hohepa 22 Ude Shankar , Anoushka 21 Whata . .. Lynette 21 UdeShankar Joshua 15 Whitau Sarah Louise 29 Ude Shankar Maxine Joyce 48 White.. Brenn McCawley INVERCARGILL 8 LJde Shankar Shanti 18 White Kere Scott NORTH AUCKLAND 22 Udy Bevan Arthur PALMERSTON NORTH 29 Whiteman. . Rhonda CHRISTCHURCH 45 Valentine William Henry Hewlett Pirikahu 75 Whitin9 DS DU Van Den Heij Caroline DU Wilding. .. Sharyn 36 Van Uden Robynn Anne 42 Wilhoit ...... Aaron Grant 17 Van-Der·Erf Destiny Sky Teresa TIMARU 11 Wilks . .. Robin John 55 Van·Wilsem·Vos Anne-Marie Brigid HAMILTON 44 Williams . Cairo Rena 36 Varcqe . Nancee Eva 29 Williams Elanor Frances 12 Varcoe Nancee Dayle Te Whao INVERCARGILL 66 Williams Gina Elizabeth 26 Vedder Mary-Joan Thyra 31 Williams. .. Grant Penetana Bryce 31 Vella . Russell Sonny 38 Williams . .. Oliver 17 Vigil ...... Teresa Dawn TAURANGA 24 Williams. .. PeterTetarau 36 Vincent...... G DU Williams ... . Shannon 19 Vincenl Norman David WELLINGTON 65 Williams Martha Rose DU Viviap Elizabeth Emma 80 Williams NRA DU Waaka .. Simeon Tarawhata 31 Williams Thelma DU Waaka .. Herewini Nathan Walsh WINCHESTER 36 Williams Cherie Armour AMBERLEY 26 Waaka .. ~.. Robert Rongo GREYMOUTH 61 Williams . .. Alanna Ellen ASH BURTON 28 Waaka-Williams .. Jasmine Briana Zsane MASTERTON 4 Williams Alyssa Ellen ASHBURTON 7 Waata _, , Aaron Brett 37 Williams Luke Nathen FOX GLACIER 4 Waddell George Henry DU Williams Eileen Frances INVERCARGILL 40 Wade , Ronnett 33 Williams Jessica Grace INVERCARGILL 19 Waerea Lena DU Williams Sharon Anne TAUPO 36 Wagho{n Virginia Jane 41 Williams . .. Hoana Anne CHRISTCHURCH 32 Wainohu , Raina Rowena 38 Williams .. Nigel Stanly OLD, AUSTRALIA 30 Wainohu Mary Te Kuini HAMILTON 32 Williamson Peter Armour 42 Wairau .. .. Mathew Lee INVERCARGILL 31 Willis ...... Syria Raukura 58 Wairau Taylor Cambridge Alexander INVERCARGILL 4 Willis...... Malcolm Edwin DU Waitere Yvonne Tusha NGARUAWAHIA 27 Willison Kelly WAHAROA 15 Waitiri Margaret DU Willison ..... Robert John WAHAROA 41 Wake Zena 51 Willou9hby . Jennifer Sally 56 Wakefield David Toki 40 Wilson ...... Beavan Lance 22 Wakefield Rana Margaretta Rita CHRISTCHURCH 53 Wilson Colleen Mary 27 Wakefield .. Roy CHRISTCHURCH 30 Wilson .. .. James Kevin 26 Wakefield Alexander John Fraser WHANGAREI 41 Wilson Jodie Ann 26 Wake@>ld Aputa Isabella WINTON 42 Wilson L1iana 36 Waiker... .. Sam BLENHEIM DU Wilson Luke Wayne 21 Walker .. Jeffrey James CHRISTCHURCH 38 Wilson McKenzie Stuart 36 Walker...... Paul Hohaia CHRISTCHURCH 29 Wilson . Rebekah Alice 19 Walker , John Wayne DUNEDIN 43 Wilson . Ria Leona 51 Walker.. Jordan William DUNEDIN 8 Wilson ... .. Stuart James 52 Wallace...... i... Peter Lance 36 Wilson. .. Elizabeth Aloma DU Wallace .. .. Angela Margaret Michelle DU Wilson. . Fiona Parewai DU Wallace ..... Dick DU Wilson. Ashley Richard Clayton AUCKLAND 28 Wallace .. Maera Jane Pipiriki DU Wilson Matthew James CHRISTCHURCH 17 Wallace .. Tania Marie HOKITIKA 34 Wilson .. Peter Wayne CHRISTCHURCH 41 Waller...... Audrey DU Wilson Hamish Kent PICTON 20 Watthew . Marya 24 Wilson Tapita Te Hera Kaipuke Leona PICTON 4 Walthew Rowan Tahi 4 Wineera Ranga DU Wattl'iew Shirley Ann 45 Witana Liam CHRISTCHURCH 9 Wallhew .. Zelda·Ann 27 Witana Christopher Charles CHRISTCHURCH 39 Walton Tony DU Wixon. .. Gina Marie INVERCARGILL 23 Walton Tore Mary Anne TAKAKA 71 Wixon Dennis INVERCARGILL DU Ward . Sharon Anne LEESTON 36 Wolfenden Carl Reon 28 Ward Kevin Alfred TAURANGA 46 Wood .... . Maudena Ada 27 Warren FP DU Woodcock Mary Anne DU Warren .. Aidan Henry Charles HASTINGS 26 Woodgate Alexander Paul CHRISTCHURCH 34 Warren . Teomiraka HASTINGS 53 Woods Geoffrey Grant 41

Wasley... p' • Bernice Mary 66 Woods Jonathan Miles 38 Wastney .. Jennifer Mary 53 Woods. .. Judith Elizabeth 53 waterman , Karriane Hine PALMERSTON NORTH 20 Woods .. Mary Frances 56 Waterreus Marion 54 Woods Robert John Harrop 30 Watefreus \ Edward John ROTORUA 58 Woodward Patricia Ann 64 Wat~rreus . Gary Douglas ASHBURTON 41 Wrathall . Carolyn Pirihira NEW PLYMOUTH 43 Watkins Shane Allen WELLINGTON 19 Wright Tracey Lee 37 Watson Hana 55 Wright. Raewyn Tui MATAMATAWEST 43 WatSQ.n Jason Daniel 28 Wright Desiree Anne CHRISTCHURCH 23 Watson Shirley Glennys 53 Wylie.. Stephen Bradford 45 Watson Walter William Tuhuaroa 64 York-Pakinga . Rieta Carol INVERCARGILL 60 Watson Atarua DU Young lIa Reita DU Watson 1.. Diana DUNEDIN 34 Young Kahumaki DU Watson .. William Isacc Edward WAINUIOMATA 47 Young .. Raymond John INVERCARGILL 51 watson Brett Frederick John DUNEDIN 21 Zimmerman Maria Kerrllee AUSTRALIA 33 Watson .. Stephen Graeme NORTH TARANAKI 31 Zimmerman .. .. Patricia Ann WELLINGTON 44 Wattie Tiria Sullivan 80 Watts Stephanie Elizabeth 22 Watts Arthur Reginald Raymond CHRISTCHURCH 38 If you or anyone you know is on this list, please Webber Lisa Michelle 26 Webster Hamish Clive Hugh 14 phone us on our freephone 0800 524 8248 and ask Webster Taini Doris HASTINGS DU for Whakapapa Ngai Tahu.

52 TE KARAKA Makariri / Win t e r 2 0 0 0