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Ÿród³a Meteorytów KWARTALNIK MI£OŒNIKÓW METEORYTÓW METEORYTMETEORYT Nr 1 (65) Marzec 2008 ISSN 1642-588X W numerze: – Ÿród³a meteorytów – szk³o libijskie (c.d.) – podmuch z przesz³oœci – znalezisko ¿ycia – galeria p³ytek cienkich – udane meteorytowe ³owy – porady dla pocz¹tkuj¹cego – eukryty z ca³ego œwiata METEORYT - prenumerata elektroniczna - ASP Od redaktora: METEORYT Zacz¹æ muszê od sprostowania: Zdjêcia na ok³adce numeru 4/2006 nie kwartalnik dla mi³oœników przedstawiaj¹ meteorytów £owicz. Przepraszam Czytelników za podan¹ tam meteorytów b³êdn¹ informacjê. Wydawca: Okazy wystawione na Allegro intrygowa³y mnie tak bardzo, ¿e namówi³em Olsztyñskie Planetarium Kazimierza Mazurka na wspóln¹ wycieczkê do ich w³aœciciela, któremu nie i Obserwatorium Astronomiczne uda³o siê znaleŸæ nabywcy. Niestety ju¿ po wstêpnych oglêdzinach nabra³em Al. Pi³sudskiego 38 w¹tpliwoœci, czy w ogóle s¹ to meteoryty. W³aœciciel da³ siê namówiæ na 10-450 Olsztyn przekazanie jednego okazu do zbadania prof. £ukaszowi Karwowskiemu, który tak przedstawi³ wynik: tel. (0-89) 533 4951 Jest to odpad hutniczy — no mo¿e stalowniczy. Jest to stop metalu — [email protected] ¿elaza ze znaczn¹ zawartoœci¹ krzemu, manganu i chromu. Jest oczywiœcie te¿ konto: tytan i inne drobne domieszki. To, co traktowa³em jako cementyt, to niestety 88 1540 1072 2001 5000 3724 0002 fosforek ¿elaza. Niklu nawet nie widaæ œladów. No mo¿e s¹, ale naprawdê BOŒ SA O/Olsztyn œladowe. Fragmenty krzemianowe, to nieco zrekrystalizowane szkliwo glinokrzemianowe Ca, Mg, czasem bogatsze w ¿elazo. We frakcji ¿u¿lowej Kwartalnik jest dostêpny g³ównie drobne wydzielenia dziwnych metali z siark¹, Bi, Pb. w prenumeracie. Roczna prenu- merata wynosi w 2008 roku 44 z³. Sk¹d wiêc ta pomy³ka? Przygl¹daj¹c siê uwa¿nie zdjêciom na ok³adce Zainteresowanych prosimy o wp³a- mo¿na dostrzec elementy wzbudzaj¹ce w¹tpliwoœci. Moj¹ czujnoœæ uœpi³a cenie tej kwoty na konto wydawcy informacja w³aœciciela, ¿e przed wystawieniem okazu na aukcjê uzyska³ nie zapominaj¹c o podaniu czytel- potwierdzenie w Muzeum Ziemi PAN w Warszawie, ¿e istotnie jest to okaz nego imienia, nazwiska i adresu do meteorytu £owicz. Muszê wiêc lepiej zapamiêtaæ, ¿e ogl¹daj¹c zdjêcie nale¿y wysy³ki. Wydawca dysponuje tak¿e zwracaæ uwagê na to, co na nim jest, a nie na to, co chcia³oby siê zobaczyæ. numerami archiwalnymi. Chcia³bym wyraziæ uznanie dla postawy w³aœciciela tych pseudometeorytów, który podziêkowa³ na koniec za uchronienie go przed Wiêkszoœæ publikowanych arty- przykrymi konsekwencjami, gdyby okaz zosta³ sprzedany i nabywca ku³ów jest t³umaczona z kwartalnika stwierdzi³by, ¿e kupi³ szmelc zamiast prawdziwego meteorytu. W³aœciciel zrobi³ METEORITE za zgod¹ jego wy- wprawdzie, co nale¿y, czyli zwróci³ siê do kompetentnej instytucji dawcy, który zachowuje prawa do o sprawdzenie i dopiero po uzyskaniu potwierdzenia wystawi³ okaz na aukcjê. tych artyku³ów. Nie mia³ jednak na to dowodu na piœmie. Na swoje szczêœcie uzna³ moje Redaguje i t³umaczy wiêkszoœæ w¹tpliwoœci za istotne i zgodzi³ siê na dok³adne zbadanie okazu. tekstów: W numerze dominuj¹ relacje z ró¿nych wypraw na poszukiwanie Andrzej S. Pilski meteorytów. Na zakoñczenie opowieœci o wyprawie do Tatarstanu chcia³em skr. poczt. 6 namówiæ Walentina Cwietkowa, aby skomentowa³ artyku³ Svenda Buhla znaj¹c 14-530 Frombork temat lepiej od niego. Niestety odpowiedzia³, ¿e od strony naukowej nie ma tel. 0-604-178-072 czego komentowaæ, bo nauki tam nie zauwa¿y³, a dziennikarstwa komentowaæ [email protected] nie zamierza. Odnios³em wra¿enie, ¿e dobre wychowanie nie pozwala mu wyraziæ dobitniej, co myœli o autorze i jego rewelacjach. Wydaje mi siê, ¿e nie Sk³ad: Jacek Dr¹¿kowski jest dobrze, gdy o rosyjskich meteorytach pisz¹ wy³¹cznie obcy, ale dot¹d nie Druk: Jan, Lidzbark Warmiñski uda³o mi siê nak³oniæ Walentina, by coœ napisa³. Andrzej S. Pilski Na ok³adce: Zapraszamy na stronê Fot. 1. Mike Bandli Astro-Artifacts: NWA 2482, po³ówka okazu, 35 g. Polskiego Serwisu Meteorytowego Fot. 2. Frederic Beroud, Meteoriteshow: NWA 4677, p³ytka, 2,4 g. http://jba1.republika.pl Fot. 3. John Kashuba: NWA 1553, 0,65 g. Fot. 4. Guy Heinen: Millbillillie, p³ytka 75 × 56 mm. Fot. 5. Matteo Chinellato, M come Meteorite: Camel Donga, ca³kowity okaz, 24,4 g. METEORITE Fot. 6. Marcin Cima³a, PolandMET: NWA 4834, po³ówka okazu, 50 g. THE INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF METEORITES Fot. 7. Anne Black, Impactika: Agoult, p³ytka 0,43 g. AND METEORITE SCIENCE Fot. 8. Ron Dilulio, The Ron Dilulio Collection: Millbillillie, p³ytka 40 × 40 mm. Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, 202 Old Museum Building, Od redaktora „Meteorite”: Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA Chcia³bym podziêkowaæ wszystkim, którzy odpowiedzieli na Email:[email protected], http://meteoritemag.uark.edu moja proœbê o zdjêcie eukrytu. Zasypano nas zdjêciami i bar- Meteorite is available only by subscription, for US$35 dzo trudno by³o nam wybraæ tylko jedno do artyku³u Alana per year. Overseas airmail delivery is available for an Rubina. Dlatego pozosta³e zdjêcia prezentujemy w specjal- additional US$12 per year. nej galerii w³¹cznie ze zdjêciem mego nowego eukrytu. 2 METEORYT 1/2008 METEORYT - prenumerata elektroniczna - ASP Z´ród³a meteorytów Alan Rubin (Artyku³ z kwartalnika METEORITE Vol. 13 No. 4. Copyright © 2007 ARKANSAS CENTER FOR SPACE & PLANETARY SCIENCES) a pocz¹tku dziewiêtnastego niki Viking, (3) obecnoœæ utlenionego twórcze, takie jak 21Ne (atomy neonu wieku, kiedy naukowcy zaczê (trójwartoœciowego) ¿elaza w niektó- z 10 protonami i 11 neutronami) i 36Ar Nli akceptowaæ mo¿liwoœæ, ¿e rych ziarnach minera³ów (co zgadza siê (atomy argonu z 18 protonami i 18 neu- kamienie mog¹ spadaæ z kosmosu, naj- z czerwonym py³em pokrywaj¹cym tronami). Rozpad tych izotopów mo¿- bardziej drêcz¹ce by³o dla nich pytanie powierzchniê planety) i (4) stosunko- na wykorzystaæ jako zegar mierz¹cy o Ÿród³a tych kamieni. Czy pochodz¹ wo du¿a zawartoœæ deuteru (ciê¿ki izo- czas istnienia w kosmosie meteoroidu one ze S³oñca, Ksiê¿yca, komet, planet, top wodoru, którego atomy sk³adaj¹ siê o wielkoœci kilku metrów. Ten tak zwa- czy niedawno odkrytych planetoid? Czy z protonu i neutronu), którego jest wiê- ny wiek ekspozycji na promieniowanie niektóre z nich mog¹ pochodziæ z odle- cej w marsjañskiej atmosferze. kosmiczne meteorytów kamiennych g³ych gwiazd? Czy jest mo¿liwe, ¿e Chocia¿ od czasu do czasu propo- siêga od 30 tysiêcy do 70 milionów lat. wszystkie one s¹ ziemskimi kamienia- nuje siê, ¿e Ÿród³em ró¿nych niezwy- Jest to o wiele za krótki czas, aby mete- mi wyrzuconymi w kosmos przez po- k³ych meteorytów (jak np. angryty, au- oroid móg³ dolecieæ do Ziemi z s¹siedz- tê¿ne erupcje wulkaniczne? Odpowie- bryty czy chondryty enstatytowe) mo¿e twa innej gwiazdy; takie podró¿e miê- dzi na te pytania przychodzi³y powoli, byæ Merkury i teoretyczne modele po- dzygwiezdne trwa³yby przynajmniej ale dziœ wiemy, ¿e s¹ ró¿ne Ÿród³a poza- kaza³y, ¿e Merkury mo¿e byæ Ÿród³em kilkaset milionów lat. Wskazuje to, ¿e ziemskiej materii. bardzo rzadkich meteorytów w naszych meteoryty s¹ wytworami naszego Uk³a- Uwa¿a siê, ¿e komety s¹ g³ównym zbiorach, to wiêkszoœæ badaczy nie du S³onecznego. W szczególnoœci war- Ÿród³em bezwodnych mikrometeorytów. uwa¿a, ¿e jakikolwiek meteoryt pocho- toœci wieku ekspozycji na promienio- Ksiê¿yc jest oczywistym Ÿród³em dzi z Merkurego. wanie kosmiczne zgadzaj¹ siê meteorytów ksiê¿ycowych. Struktura, Podobieñstwo zawartoœci gazów z czasami wyliczonymi teoretycznie dla sk³ad mineralny i chemiczny oraz pro- szlachetnych w ureilitach i w atmosfe- podró¿y obiektu z pasa planetoid na porcje izotopów tlenu tych meteorytów rze Wenus sk³oni³o kilku badaczy do Ziemiê. s¹ takie same jak próbek przywiezio- zasugerowania, ¿e Wenus mo¿e byæ (2) Korona s³oneczna (zewnêtrzna nych z Ksiê¿yca przez astronautów macierzystym cia³em tej tajemniczej czêœæ atmosfery S³oñca widoczna pod- Apolla i bezza³ogowe radzieckie son- grupy. Wiêkszoœæ naukowców nie uwa- czas ca³kowitych zaæmieñ) ekspanduje dy £una. ¿a jednak tej koncepcji za prawdopo- w przestrzeñ miêdzyplanetarn¹ jako Marsa uwa¿a siê za Ÿród³o ró¿nych dobn¹. wiatr s³oneczny. Z wiatrem tym uno- ska³ wulkanicznych na podstawie czte- Wszystkie inne meteoryty, dziesi¹t- szone s¹ gazy szlachetne, takie jak hel, rech g³ównych parametrów: (1) „m³o- ki tysiêcy okazów, uwa¿ane s¹ za po- neon i ksenon. Cia³a znajduj¹ce siê bli- dy” wiek tych meteorytów (niektóre chodz¹ce z planetoid. Tak¿e uwodnio- sko s³oñca s¹ owiewane wysokim stê- maj¹ 1,3 mld lat; przypuszczalnie po- ne mikrometeoryty uwa¿a siê za ¿eniem tych gazów; bardziej oddalone dobny wiek maj¹ wulkany z pasma planetoidalne. Chocia¿ koncepcja, ¿e obiekty dostaj¹ gazy o mniejszym stê- Tharsis na Marsie), (2) podobieñstwo meteoryty pochodz¹ z planetoid, jest ¿eniu. Zawartoœæ w niektórych mete- sk³adu gazu w pêcherzykach w jednym dobrze znana wiêkszoœci czytelników orytach gazów szlachetnych wch³oniê- z tych kamieni (EETA 79001) do sk³a- Meteorite, nie wszyscy s¹ œwiadomi tych z wiatru s³onecznego jest zgodna du marsjañskiej atmosfery zmierzone- g³ównych powi¹zañ miêdzy tymi typa- z pozyskaniem ich w odleg³oœci oko³o go na powierzchni planety przez l¹dow- mi obiektów. Jak napisa³em w mojej 3 jednostek astronomicznych (oko³o ksi¹¿ce z 2002 450 mln km) od S³oñca, czyli w œrodku roku, Disturbing pasa planetoid. the Solar System, (3) Obecnoœæ w niektórych meteory- jest dziewiêæ takich tach gazów szlachetnych pochodz¹cych powi¹zañ. z wiatru s³onecznego oraz œladów cz¹- (1) Wysokoener- stek z rozb³ysków s³onecznych (krót- getyczne cz¹stki j¹- kie œlady w ziarnach minera³ów wytwo- drowe nazywane rzone przez wnikanie zjonizowanych promieniami ko- cz¹stek emitowanych przez energetycz- smicznymi wnikaj¹ ne rozb³yski s³oneczne) wskazuje, ¿e te w g³¹b krzemiano- ska³y znajdowa³y siê na powierzchni wej ska³y do jedne- cia³a pozbawionego atmosfery.
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