Index

acculturation 156, 184, 188 Asiatic Barred Zone vii, 57, 70, 96, Act of Union 26 122, 125, 127, 130, 165 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves assimilate 8, 53, 55, 98, 100, 106, 166, 34 174–5, 184, 188 African-Americans 97, 166–9, 174–5 asylum-seekers 2, 79, 182 Africans 171, 177 agriculture 4–5, 57 Bayard-Zhang Treaty 50, 56 Alien and Sedition Laws 35 incidents 8 Alien Contract Labor Act 50–51 birthright citizenship vii, 16 Alien Enemies Act 34 Blockley Almshouse 36 Alien Friends Act 34 border walls vii Alien Registration Act 67–8 67 aliens 5, 7, 35, 48, 81, 134 British Commonwealth 155 Amerasian Immigration Act 80–81 British Crown 27–8 American colonies 25, 28, 33, 180–81 Burlingame-Seward Treaty 16–17, 34, American Community Study (ACS) 2 49 American culture viii, 3, 16, 22, 98–100, 163, 165–6, 174–6, 178–9, 67 184–5, 187–8 California state legislature 57 see also U.S. culture California Supreme Court 54 American Party 36–7 Carriage of Passenger Act 34 see also Know-Nothing Party Catholics 36 American public 8, 11, 81 Charity Hospital 36 American Revolution 26–7 cheap land 22, 25 American society 1, 8–9, 11, 13–14, 188 Chew Heong 16 American Trends Panel Survey 8, 11 Chew Heong v. US 50 Americanism 6 3–4, 16, 48, 50, Americans vii–viii, 4, 10, 53, 68, 186 54–6, 60, 64, 122–3, 125, 133–4, amnesty 8, 79 181, 183 Anarchist Exclusion Act 50–51 Chinese Exclusion Case 3–4, 7 anchor babies vii see also Ping, Chae Chan anti-Asian sentiment 125 Chinese immigration 55–7, 60, 70, 125, Anti-Coolie Law of 1862 34, 64 127, 181 Armed Forces Immigration and anti-Chinese sentiment 49, 54, Adjustment Act 80–81 56 Armed Forces Naturalization Act and Chinese immigrants 41, 48, 80–81 55 Asian Exclusion 53 and Chinese laborers 3, 37, 41, 48–9, Asian-Pacific Triangle 70 54–6, 156 Asians 97, 122, 166, 169, 171, 173, and Chinese laundries 55 176–7 Church of England 22

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citizenship 16, 33, 41, 56, 156, 165, economic opportunity 106, 178 180–81 economic prosperity 4, 26 City of New York municipal almshouse Edict of Nantes 25 35 2, 7, 65–7, 110, civil rights 16, 81 122, 125, 127, 130, 133, 181, 183 Civil War 22, 52 emigrate 25–7, 51, 56–7, 127, 160, Cleveland, Grover 3 180 Cold War 155, 160 English Catholics 22 Colonial America 22–3, 25–6, 28, 43, English Civil War 22 45 English Parliament 26–7 Colonial Era 1, 21–2, 28, 49, 180 English settlements 25 colonies 4, 22, 25–8, 33, 42, 154, 180 English settlers 25 Columbian Exchange 21, 180, 184 Enhanced Border Security and Visa Commissioner of Labor Statistics 58 Entry Reform Act 80 common border 106–7, 113 environmental issues 144 common language 106–7, 113 Equal Nationality Act 67 Conservative Political Action European immigration 5, 97 Conference (CPAC) 8 Europeans 3, 13, 21, 26, 70–71, 82, 96 contract laborers 51, 55 Evening Pajaronian 5–6 convicts 27, 48 Executive Order 9066 67 Coolidge, Calvin 66 10–11 criminals 8, 26–7, 33, 35–6, 48, 181 11 Cuban Refugee Adjustment Act 67 Expatriation Act 50, 156 cubic air ordinance 55 98, 176–7 family or communal obligations 147 cultural change 147, 185, 188 family values 144 cultural differences 100, 111, 134, 139, fertility rates 147 144, 147–8, 158, 161, 166, 175, 188 Filipino immigration 5, 7 cultural dimensions 137–40, 142–5, and anti-Filipino demonstrations 6 148–51, 158–9, 183–4 and anti-Filipino sentiment 5–6 cultural distance 123, 134, 137–9, and Filipino farm workers 5 143–4, 148–52, 154–61, 165–6, and Filipino Repatriation Act 67 176–7, 183–4 and Filipino workers 4–5 cultural evolution 1, 16, 165, 174 Fillmore, Millard 37 food, music, and the arts 11, 187 Deferred Action for Childhood forced laborers 4, 48, 181 Arrivals (DACA) 80 foreign brides 70 Democrats 11, 13, 82 foreign direct investment (FDI) 104, Department of Commerce and Labor 186 51 foreign-born population 11–15, 60, deportation 10, 35, 48, 56, 81 65–6, 73, 75, 77–8, 81, 103, 130, Dillingham Commission 50–51, 156 166, 170–74, 187 direct cost of migration 106 see also immigrants viii, 1–4, 11, 26, 49, 68 French Protestants 25 diseases 5, 21, 51, 180–81 displaced persons 70 G.I. Fiancees Act 67 Displaced Persons Act 67 50, 56, 120, 181 visa program 79 gender roles 142–4, 147–8 Dunkers 25 General Court of Massachusetts 27 Dutch East Company 22 geodesic distance 104, 106–13

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German immigrants 41, 73 Hofstede measure of cultural distance globalization 178 138, 143, 150, 156–8 GLOBE measure of cultural distance and vs. 138, 151, 158, 166 (IDV) 139–40, 142–4, 149–50, and Assertiveness (ASSERT) 143, 157 145–6, 152 and vs. and Gender Egalitarianism (GEND- (MAS) 140, 142–3, 149–50, 157 EGL) 143, 145–6, 152 and Power Distance Index (PDI) and In-group Collectivism (INGP- 139–40, 142, 144, 149–50, 157 COL) 144–6, 152 and Index and Institutional Collectivism (UAI) 140, 142–4, 149–50, 157 (INST-COL) 144–6, 152 see also Hofstede, Geert and Power Distance (POWDIST) Homestead Act 34 144–6, 152 homosexuals 147 and Uncertainty Avoidance (UNC- AVD) 144–6, 151–2 Illegal Immigration Reform and see also Project GLOBE Immigrant Responsibility Act 80 Gold Rush 41, 49, 123 immigrant inflow 1–2, 37, 58, 64–5, Grant, Ulysses S. 4 68, 82, 87, 95–7, 103, 107, 110, gravity model 15, 104, 114, 120–21, 113–14, 117, 121–7, 130–33, 176, 123, 182–3 181–2, 187 Great Depression 5, 68, 71 immigrants vii–viii, 1–5, 7–16, 21, Great Irish Famine 40 25–8, 33, 35–8, 40–41, 48–9, 51–5, Great Irish Migration 40 57–8, 60–61, 63–6, 68, 71, 73, 79, Great Migration 22, 60 80–82, 87, 90, 94, 96–8, 100, 1 Gresham-Yang Treaty 50, 56 03–4, 106–7, 110–11, 113–15, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 104, 117–18, 120–27, 130–34, 137, 108–12, 115–16, 118 155–7, 159, 165–6, 169, 171–2, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per 174–6, 178–88 capita 104, 106–7, 110, 113–14, and anti-immigrant acts 4 117, 119–20 and anti-immigrant feelings 5 and anti-immigrant isolationist habits 138 position 186 Hart-Celler Act 1–2, 16, 67, 79–82, 87, and anti-immigrant ordinances 55 97, 104, 100, 110, 121–3, 131–3, and anti-immigrant rhetoric 8 137, 139, 155–7, 159, 165–6, 179, and anti-immigrant sentiment 4, 182–5 37, 55 hate crimes 8 and anti-immigrant views 8 hate incidents 8 and anti-immigrant violence 17 Heaven 147 see also foreign-born population Hebrew 47 Immigration Act of 1864 34, 37, 64 Henderson v. the Mayor of the City of 48, 50 New York 49–50 50, 181 Hindu 58 51 Hispanics 8, 10–11, 13, 97, 166–77 50–51 Hmong Veterans’ Naturalization Act vii, 50, 57, 80–81 66, 68, 122, 125, 127, 133 Hofstede, Geert 138, 183 Immigration Act of 1918 50 see also Hofstede measure of 66 cultural distance Immigration Act of 1965 79, 179

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Immigration Act of 1990 79–80, 122, Jewish immigrants 22 132–3 jobs 5–6, 10, 148 Immigration and Nationality Act of Johnson-Reed Act 7, 66–8, 73, 78, 122, 1976 80–81 125, 130, 133, 181 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1990 79 Kennedy, John F. 71, 73 Immigration Reform and Control Act Know-Nothing Party 36–7 (IRCA) 79–80 see also American Party immigration restrictions 58, 156, 166 income inequality vii Labor Appropriation Act 67 Indian immigrants 58 laborers 41, 49, 57, 127 indigenous peoples 16 license fee 55 indirect cost of migration 106 Literacy Act vii Indochina Migration and Refugee literacy test 125 Assistance Act 80–81 infrastructure 48 67, 70, 134 Inglehart, Ronald 138 marital status 98 see also Inglehart measure of Maryland Colony 22 cultural distance Massachusetts Bay Colony 22 see also World Value Survey McCarran-Walter Act 1, 67, 70–71, Inglehart measure of cultural distance 110, 122, 125, 127, 131–3, 181, 183 138, 144, 147, 154, 160, 166, 176 Mennonites 25 and Survival vs. Self-expression Mexican Farm Labor Agreement 67 Values (SSE) 144–9, 153–5 Mexican immigrants 13 and Traditional vs. Secular-rational Mexican Revolution 96 Authority (TSR) 144, 147–9, Mexican-American War 41 153–5 Migration and Refugee Assistance Act see also Inglehart, Ronald 67, 73, 81 see also World Value Survey modern era 77 institutions 21, 66, 68, 180 Mongolian 54 Internal Security Act 67 moral turpitude 51, 181 international migration ix, 15, 70–71, morals 66, 68 96, 121, 174, 182 Moravians 25 investment flows 21, 178, 186 188 Iowa Freedom Summit 8 Muslim ban 10–11 Irish immigrants 26, 40–41 and Irish Famine 26, 40 71, 182 and Irish Free State 69 National Origins Quota System 2, 15, and Irish paupers 36 65, 68, 70–71, 73, 75, 79, 96–7, isolationism 65, 178 130–31, 181–2 nationalism vii, 147 Jamestown Colony 15, 21, 25, 180 nationalist 178 Japanese immigration 57 native-born vii, 5, 11, 13, 35–6, 55, 98, and anti-Japanese sentiment 57 134, 186–7 and First US- Gentlemen’s nativism vii, 36, 70 Agreement 50 Naturalization Act of 1790 1, 33–4 and Japanese Exclusion 56 Naturalization Act of 1795 33–4 and Japanese 16 Naturalization Act of 1798 34–5 and Second US-Japan Gentlemen’s Naturalization Act of 1802 34–5 Agreement 50 Naturalization Act of 1870 34

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Naturalization Act of 1906 50 Effectiveness) 138, 143–5, 151–2, Newton, Sir Isaac 104 158–61, 183–4 New World 21–2 see also GLOBE measure of cultural Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals distance 11 prostitution 4, 55, 181 Non-European immigration 97 Protestant immigrants 22 non-traditional immigrant source Protestant reformers 22 countries 98–9, 122, 128, 130–31, public health 55 133, 137–8, 153, 155, 158–9, 165, 176, 183 Qing Dynasty 64 Northern and Western European wave Quakers 22, 25, 36 21, 28, 48 qualitative restrictions 15, 48, 65, 77, Northern Monterey County Chamber 181 of Commerce 5 quantitative restrictions 15, 63, 65–6, Northwest Territory 32 77, 181 queue ordinance 55 Old World 21, 180 quota allocations 66, 73, 182 open door 1, 180 quota mortgaging 71 opium addiction 55 quota system 2, 15, 65, 68–71, 73, organized companies 55 75, 77, 79, 81–2, 96–7, 130–32, outgroups 147 181–2 overcrowded housing 55 quotas 7, 65–6, 68–71, 73, 77, 127, 130, 156, 181–2 Pacific northwest 73 Page, Horace F. 4 race riots 6–7, 36 Page Act 4, 33, 37, 48, 50, 64, 179–81 racial 5, 6, 14, 33, 97, 156, 166, 168–70, Palatine Germans 26 174–5 Passenger Act of 1820 34 5, 7 Passenger Act of 1847 34 rational-legal norms 147 passenger lists 27, 35 REAL ID Act 80 Payson Act 50 80, 100 Penn, William 25 Refugee Relief Act 67 Colony 27 refugees 2, 7, 10, 25, 27, 70, 73, 79–81, Pennsylvania Hospital 36 96, 100, 182 22, 70 registration certificates 56 Pew Research Center (Pew) 8–9, 11, 16, relics 7 40, 63, 75, 86, 97, 167 religious authority 147 Ping, Chae Chan 3, 7, 50 religious beliefs 21 see also Chinese Exclusion Case religious dissenters 22 plenary power doctrine 3 22, 28 Plymouth Colony 22–4, 43–6 remittances 186 policy changes 51, 101, 103, 107, 121–3, Representative Albert Johnson 66 125, 127, 131, 133, 135, 179, 188 Republicans 7–8, 11, 13, 82 political and legislative structures 21 research and development 187 polygamists 51, 181 residency requirement 33, 35–36 population projections 16, 169, 174–5, resident aliens 35 177, 184 Rohrback, Judge D.W. 5–6 Presbyterians 26 Roman Catholicism 36 Project GLOBE (Global Leadership Roosevelt, Theodore 57 and Organizational Behavior Russian Turkestan vii, 57

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San Francisco Chronicle 5 travel bans vii science and technology 11, 187 travel costs 106 Scotch 26, 31–2, 47 Treaty of Burlingame 55 Scotch-Irish immigrants 26 Treaty of Paris 4 Scotch-Irish 25–6 Treaty of Tientsin 17, 49, 54 of 1888 3–4, 17, 50 Treaty Regulating Immigration from Scott Act of 1902 50, 56, 181 16, 49–50 Scout ix Trump, Donald 7–11 secular-rational 144, 147, 153–4 Tuke Fund 36 Secure Fence Act 80 Tydings-McDuffie Act 7, 67, 70 shared border 113 Simpson Diversity Index (SDI) 94, U.S. Attorney General 71 168, 170–73 U.S. Congress vii, 3–4, 35, 37, 49, 51, Simpson-Mazzoli Act 79 55–6, 65–6, 125, 156 16, 28 U.S. Constitution 16, 180 smallpox 21 14th Amendment to the U.S. social and moral values 11 Constitution 16, 34 social hierarchies 21 Commerce Clause of the Society for the Relief of the Poor Constitution 51 36 U.S. culture 13, 15–16, 97, 123, 137, Southern and Eastern European wave 156–7, 183–4 48 see also American culture Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) U.S. House Committee on 8 Immigration 66 Soviet Union 94, 160 U.S. House of Representatives 51, see also U.S.S.R. 82 Spanish-American War 4 U.S. Senate 51, 55, 70, 82, 125 spouses 70, 81, 98 U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee 35, Steerage Act 34–5 70 structural breaks 103, 110, 120–23, U.S. Supreme Court 3–4, 16, 49, 56 125–7, 130–33, 183 U.S.S.R 141, 155, 161 Syrian refugees 7, 10 see also Soviet Union Ulster 26, 31–2 technological advances 144, 178 undocumented immigrants 8, 64, technology 12 79 terrorist vii, 81, 187 United Nations High Commissioner Tobera, Fermin 6 for Refugees 73 tolerance of religion 22 USA Patriot Act 80–81 tolerance 142, 144, 157 tolerant 142, 188 Vigdor cultural assimilation index tourism 104, 186 98–9, 176–7 traditional immigrant source countries Virginia Colony 22, 26, 180 16, 52, 96, 98–9, 121–2, 128, visas 11, 79 130–31, 133, 137–8, 153, 155–61, 165–6, 175–6, 183–4 67, 70 traditional societies 147 watch lists 7 traditions 138 Watsonville Register 6 transcontinental railroad 49 whites 5–6, 11, 97, 166–9, 171, 175–7 Transportation Act 26–7 Wilson, Woodrow vii, 125 transportation costs 104 Wong Kim Ark v. US 50

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World Values Survey (WVS) 138, 144, World War I (First World War) 52, 63, 148–9, 153, 160, 183–4 65, 96, 127, 178 see also Inglehart measure of World War II (Second World War) 68, cultural distance 70–71, 81, 155, 181 see also Inglehart, Ronald Worldwide Ceiling Law 80, 100

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