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Marcello Bacciarelli Pittore Di Sua Maestà Stanislao Augusto Re Di Polonia ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI a ROMA CONFERENZE 126

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Marcello Bacciarelli Pittore Di Sua Maestà Stanislao Augusto Re Di Polonia ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO� DI STUDI a ROMA CONFERENZE 126 CONFERENZE 126 Marcello Bacciarelli Pittore di Sua Maestà Stanislao Augusto Re di Polonia ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA CONFERENZE 126 Marcello Bacciarelli Pittore di Sua Maestà Stanislao Augusto Re di Polonia Atti del Convegno 3~4 novembre 2008 a cura di Leszek Kuk e Anna Wawrzyniak Maoloni R O M A 2 0 1 1 Pubblicato da ACCADEMIA POLACCA DELLE SCIENZE BIBLIOTECA E CENTRO DI STUDI A ROMA vicolo Doria, 2 (Palazzo Doria) 00187 Roma tel. +39 066792170 fax +39 066794087 e-mail: [email protected] www.accademiapolacca.it Progetto grafico ANNA WAWRZYNIAK MAOLONI Impaginazione DANILO SOSSI ANNA WAWRZYNIAK MAOLONI ISSN 0208-5623 © Accademia Polacca delle Scienze Biblioteca e Centro di Studi a Roma i n d i c e PREMESSA LESZEK KUK 9 ROYAL PATRONAGE AND THE EMANCIPATION OF ARTISTS: REMARKS ON THE RELATION BETWEEN KING STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS AND BACCIARELLI ANDRZEJ ROTTERMUND 13 MARCELLO BACCIARELLI ORGANISATEUR DE LA VIE ARTISTIQUE À LA COUR DU DERNIER ROI DE POLOGNE ANITA CHIRON-MROZOWSKA 33 LA SCALATA SOCIALE DI BACCIARELLI. NUOVI DATI DELLA GENEALOGIA DEL PRIMO PITTORE DI SUA MAESTÀ RE DI POLONIA EL’INVENTARIO POSTUMO DEI SUOI BENI DEL 1818 ANGELA SO¸TYS 50 ASPETTI DELLA RITRATTISTICA A ROMA NELLA SECONDA METÀ DEL ‘700 ANTONELLA PAMPALONE 68 LA CULTURA FIGURATIVA DI MARCELLO BACCIARELLI FABRIZIO LEMME 101 MARCELLO BACCIARELLI PEINTRE DE L’ARISTOCRATIE POLONAISE PRZEMYS¸AW MROZOWSKI 107 IL RITRATTO DI STANISLAO AUGUSTO CON IL BUSTO DI PIO VI DELLA FONDAZIONE “CIECHANOWIECKI” DOROTA JUSZCZAK DEL CASTELLO REALE DI VARSAVIA HANNA MA¸ACHOWICZ 119 LES PLAFONDS PEINTS DE MARCELLO BACCIARELLI DANS LES RESIDENCES ROYALES DE VARSOVIE JERZY GUTKOWSKI 139 AGGIUNTE A MARCELLO BACCIARELLI ANTONELLO CESAREO 158 TADDEO POLACCO, LA DECORAZIONE DELL’EPISCOPIO DI FRASCATI E UN’INEDITA COMMITENZA COLONNA ADRIANO AMENDOLA 175 PREMESSA L VOLUME che oggi consegniamo ai nostri lettori è composto da testi del- le relazioni presentate durante il convegno internazionale “Marcello Bacciarelli. Pittore di Sua Maestà Stanislao Augusto, Re di Polonia” tenu - I tosi nella sede romana dell’Accademia Polacca nei giorni 3-4 novembre 2008 e organizzato dalla stessa Accademia in collaborazione con l’Accade- mia Nazionale di San Luca. Al tempo del convegno, l’Accademia Polacca era diretta dalla prof.ssa El˝bieta Jastrz´bowska, preclara studiosa dell’archeo - logia mediterranea, professore dell’Università di Varsavia, anima e forza motrice dell’organizzazione dell’evento. Durante la seconda giornata del convegno ai partecipanti sono state proposte due visite: una alla rinomata e splendida sede dell’Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, nella quale sono conservati tuttora alcuni quadri di Bacciarelli, e l’altra agli interni del Palazzo Altieri, dove si può ammirare un ritratto che rappresenta il re di Polonia Augusto III in abito tradizionale polacco. Il convegno, i cui atti Vi presentiamo in questo volume, era dedicato alla vita e all’opera del famoso e celebre pittore italiano il quale, per quasi l’inte- ro periodo della sua attività artistica, visse e operò in Polonia, dove, a quan- to pare, era perfino più conosciuto che non nella sua patria per la quale con- servò, tuttavia, fino alla sua morte il più sincero affetto, mantenendo, senza mai interromperlo, il contatto con il suo ambiente artistico italiano, e in par- ticolare quello romano. In Polonia, Bacciarelli rimase attivo per circa cinquan- ta anni, e sarebbe diventato anche cittadino polacco, se non fosse stato per la spartizione della Polonia tra le tre grandi potenze dell’epoca, ovvero tra la Prussia, la Russia e l’Austria. Il pittore italiano, in ogni caso, per quasi l’intero periodo del suo soggiorno alla corte del re di Polonia portò il titolo nobiliare polacco. Marcello Bacciarelli rimane, tuttora, non soltanto il pittore che occupa un posto importante nella storia dell’arte polacca e della Polonia CONFERENZE 126 9 LESZEK KUK stessa, ma a cui viene riservato anche un posto in vista nella memoria stori- ca polacca e nell’immaginario collettivo. Il suo patrimonio artistico è, infatti, diventato parte della storia della Polonia, privilegio piuttosto poco comune e raramente riservato agli artisti stranieri che hanno deciso di unire la propria sorte con il destino del nostro Paese. Il pittore italiano rimane, infine, uno dei più importanti personaggi, quasi simbolico, nella storia dei rapporti polacco- italiani, non soltanto artistici. Tutto questo fu reso possibile anche grazie alla sua lunga vita (1731-1818), capitata in un periodo molto importante per la storia della Polonia, che, al tempo stesso, coincideva con i celebri e burrascosi eventi che caratterizzarono la storia dell’intero continente, Italia inclusa. Ricordiamo, infine, che le date della vita di Bacciarelli corrispondono quasi esattamente alle cornici cronologiche dell’epoca dell’Illuminismo. Il volume presentato è composto da dieci articoli, di cui sei in lingua italiana, tre in francese e uno in inglese. I loro autori – quattro studiosi italiani e sei polacchi – sono considerati tra i più importanti e celebri specialisti della storia dell’arte ed, in modo particolare, della pittura del Settecento. I testi qui presentati sono stati raggruppati secondo un certo schema tema- tico. I primi due (Andrzej Rottermund, Royal Patronage and the Emancipa- tion of Artists: Remarks on the Relation between King Stanislaus Augustus and Bacciarelli e Anita Chiron-Mrozowska, Marcello Bacciarelli organisa- teur de la vie artistique à la cour du dernier roi de Pologne) descrivono la po- sizione e il ruolo di Bacciarelli alla corte reale polacca e illustrano i rappor- ti, molto stretti, che univano il re e il suo stimato pittore di corte. Gli articoli da una parte completano e sviluppano considerazioni già radicate, dall’altra presentano anche nuove osservazioni sul tema (vedi A. Rottermund e il suo commento sulla natura “poco illuminata” del mecenatismo del re nei con- fronti di Bacciarelli). Il terzo testo (Angela So∏tys, La scalata sociale di Bac- ciarelli. Nuovi dati della genealogia del primo pittore di Sua Maestà Re di Po- lonia e l’inventario postumo dei suoi beni del 1818 ) fornisce alcuni nuovi e importanti dati alla biografia dell’artista, soprattutto relativi al periodo della sua infanzia e della prima giovinezza, nonché informazioni che illustrano la scalata sociale e materiale di cui il pittore italiano fu protagonista in Polonia. I successivi cinque testi sono stati raggruppati in un blocco dedicato all’opera e all’attività artistica di Bacciarelli viste nel contesto dell’epoca in cui operava. Il primo di questa serie (Antonella Pampalone, Aspetti della ritrattistica a Roma nella seconda metà del ‘700 ) presenta le principali ipotesi e i tratti della pittura ritrattistica romana dei tempi in cui viveva Bacciarelli, ovvero nell’epoca della maggiore fortuna di questo tipo di pittura. Il secondo e il terzo CONFERENZE 126 articolo di questa sezione (Fabrizio Lemme, La cultura figurativa di Marcello 10 PREMESSA Bacciarelli, e Przemys∏aw Mrozowski, Marcello Bacciarelli peintre de l’aristo- cratie polonaise) sono dedicati esplicitamente all’opera di Bacciarelli e si con- centrano soprattutto sulla sua arte del ritratto. Nel suo studio, Lemme pone l’accento su una costante e indelebile traccia lasciata dagli studi e dagli inse- gnamenti ricevuti in giovane età, ancora in Italia e soprattutto dal suo mae- stro Marco Benefial che si ritrovano nelle opere di Bacciarelli. Mrozowski, invece, cerca di rispondere direttamente alla domanda: che tipo di ritrattista era Bacciarelli, autore di circa 250 ritratti? Il penultimo articolo di questo bloc- co tematico (Dorota Juszczak e Hanna Ma∏achowicz, Il ritratto di Stanislao Augusto con il busto di Pio VI della Fondazione “Ciechanowiecki” del Castello Reale di Varsavia) basandosi sull’esempio di una delle più celebri opere dell’artista, per molto tempo introvabile, presenta il pittore come un eccel- lente autore di ritratti. E, infine, nel quinto e ultimo articolo di questa serie (Jerzy Gutkowski, Les plafonds peints de Marcello Bacciarelli) viene con - dotta un’analisi delle decorazioni pittoriche create dall’artista nelle residenze reali di Varsavia, ossia nel Castello Reale e nel Palazzo sull’Acqua di ¸azienki. Il lavoro di Antonello Cesareo, Aggiunte a Marcello Bacciarelli, completa i cinque studi sull’opera di Bacciarelli qui menzionati. Vi troviamo le informa- zioni, finora sconosciute, trovate negli archivi romani e riguardanti il soggiorno del pittore a Roma nel 1787 e la sua ammissione a membro dell’Accademia di San Luca. Nel presente volume ha trovato lo spazio anche un testo che non è diretta - mente connesso all’attività e alla pittura del pittore italiano alla corte dell’ulti- mo re di Polonia, tuttavia, si riferisce strettamente all’epoca e alla problema tica cui è dedicata l’intera pubblicazione. Si tratta del contributo di Adriano Amen- dola, Taddeo Polacco, la decorazione dell’Episcopio di Frascati e un’inedita committenza Colonna, basato anch’esso su documenti di fonte coeva, che introduce un importante frammento dell’attività artistica di un celebre pittore polacco, Tadeusz Kuntze, al servizio dello Stato della Chiesa. Questo testo, in- teressante e creativo, illustra bene sia la complessità, sia la complementarietà dei legami artistici polacco-italiani nell’epoca dell’Illuminismo. Il percorso di vita e lo sviluppo artistico di Kuntze costituiscono, forse in modo ancora più completo rispetto all’affascinante biografia di Bacciarelli, pittore insolito di
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