Official Conference Proceedings ISSN: 2187-5294 “To Open Minds, to Educate Intelligence, to Inform Decisions”
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Official Conference Proceedings ISSN: 2187-5294 “To Open Minds, To Educate Intelligence, To Inform Decisions” The International Academic Forum provides new perspectives to the thought-leaders and decision-makers of today and tomorrow by offering constructive environments for dialogue and interchange at the intersections of nation, culture, and discipline. Headquartered in Nagoya, Japan, and registered as a Non-Profit Organization 一般社( 団法人) , IAFOR is an independent think tank committed to the deeper understanding of contemporary geo-political transformation, particularly in the Asia Pacific Region. INTERNATIONAL INTERCULTURAL INTERDISCIPLINARY iafor The Executive Council of the International Advisory Board IAB Chair: Professor Stuart D.B. Picken IAB Vice-Chair: Professor Jerry Platt Mr Mitsumasa Aoyama Professor June Henton Professor Frank S. Ravitch Director, The Yufuku Gallery, Tokyo, Japan Dean, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Professor of Law & Walter H. Stowers Chair in Law USA and Religion, Michigan State University College of Law Professor David N Aspin Professor Emeritus and Former Dean of the Faculty of Professor Michael Hudson Professor Richard Roth Education, Monash University, Australia President of The Institute for the Study of Long-Term Senior Associate Dean, Medill School of Journalism, Visiting Fellow, St Edmund’s College, Cambridge Economic Trends (ISLET) Northwestern University, Qatar University, UK Distinguished Research Professor of Economics, The University of Missouri, Kansas City Professor Monty P. Satiadarma Professor Don Brash Clinical Psychologist and Lecturer in Psychology & Former Governor of the Reserve Bank, New Zealand Professor Koichi Iwabuchi Former Dean of the Department of Psychology and Former Leader of the New National Party, New Professor of Media and Cultural Studies & Director of Rector of the University, Tarumanugara University, Zealand the Monash Asia Institute, Monash University, Australia Indonesia Adjunct Professor, AUT, New Zealand & La Trobe University, Australia Professor Sue Jackson Mr Mohamed Salaheen Professor of Lifelong Learning and Gender & Pro-Vice Director, The United Nations World Food Programme, Lord Charles Bruce Master of Teaching and Learning, Birkbeck, University Japan & Korea Patron, Japan Society of Scotland of London, UK Patron, Scottish Centre of Tagore Studies at Edinburgh Mr Lowell Sheppard Napier University Professor Sing Kong Lee Asia Pacific Director, HOPE International Chairman, Kolkata Scottish Heritage Trust Director, The National Institute of Education, Development Agency, Canada/Japan Singapore Professor Judith Chapman His Excellency Dr Drago Stambuk Professor of Education, Australian Catholic University, Professor Sir Geoffrey Lloyd Croatian Ambassador to Brazil, Brazil Australia Senior Scholar in Residence, The Needham Research Visiting Fellow, St Edmund’s College, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK Professor Mary Stuart University, UK Fellow and Former Master, Darwin College, University Vice-Chancellor, The University of Lincoln, UK Member of the Order of Australia of Cambridge Fellow of the British Academy Professor Gary Swanson Professor Chung-Ying Cheng Distinguished Journalist-in-Residence & Mildred S. Professor of Philosophy, University of Hawai’i at Professor Keith Miller Hansen Endowed Chair, The University of Northern Manoa, USA Orthwein Endowed Professor for Lifelong Learning in Colorado, USA Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Chinese Philosophy the Science, University of Missouri-St.Louis, USA Professor Jiro Takai Professor Steve Cornwell Professor Kuniko Miyanaga Secretary General of the Asian Association for Social Professor of English and Interdisciplinary Studies, Director, Human Potential Institute, Japan Psychology & Professor of Social Psychology Osaka Jogakuin University, Osaka, Japan Fellow, Reischauer Institute, Harvard University, USA Graduate School of Education and Human Osaka Local Conference Chair Development, Nagoya University, Japan Professor Dennis McInerney Professor Michael A. Cusumano Chair Professor of Educational Psychology and Co- Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova SMR Distinguished Professor of Management Director of the Assessment Research Centre President of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and and Engineering Systems, MIT Sloan School of The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong Area Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SAR USA Professor Yozo Yokota Professor Ka Ho Joshua Mok Director of the Center for Human Rights Affairs, Japan Professor Dexter Da Silva Chair Professor of Comparative Policy, Associate Vice- Former UN Special Rapporteur on Myanmar Professor of Educational Psychology, Keisen University, President (External Relations) Tokyo, Japan Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, The Hong Professor Kensaku Yoshida Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong SAR Professor of English & Director of the Center for the Professor Georges Depeyrot Teaching of Foreign Languages in General Education, Professor and Director of Research & Member of the Professor Michiko Nakano Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan Board of Trustees Professor of English & Director of the Distance French National Center for Scientific Research Learning Center, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan (CNRS) & L’Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France Professor Baden Offord Professor Donald E. Hall Professor of Cultural Studies and Human Rights & Co- Herbert J. and Ann L. Siegel Dean Director of the Centre for Peace and Social Justice LeHign University, USA Southern Cross University, Australia The International Advisory Board is composed of distinguished academics, business executives, former and current government officials, and community leaders. Its role is to consult and provide counsel on the business and affairs of IAFOR, and suggest areas of scholarly investigation. Membership of the International Advisory Board is by invitation only. For a full list please see the IAFOR website. The Asian Conference on Film and Documentary 2014 Osaka, Japan Official Conference Proceedings ISSN: 2187-5924 © The International Academic Forum 2014 The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) Sakae 1-16-26-201 Naka Ward, Nagoya, Aichi Japan 460-0008 ww.iafor.org Table of Contents TV Documentary on the Threshold of the 21st Century Abolhasan Ghasemi pp. 1-16 Stray Dog, A Gun, The Individual and Society in Shinji Aoyama's "An Obsession" Patrick D. McCoy pp. 17-22 On Using Machinima as 'Found' in Animation Jifeng Huang pp. 23-40 Investigation on Historical Representation by the Case Study of Taiwan Historical Drama Films Chih-Hsien Li Hui-Wen Lin pp. 41-56 Rebellion and Despair. Children and Adolescents in Recent Japanese Films Jose Montano pp. 57-68 Artificial Consciousness: Where Does Science Fact Break from Science Fiction, and How Do We Know? Theron E. Fairchild pp. 69-82 Seeing like a Feminist: Representations of Societal Realities in Women-Centric Bollywood Films Sutapa Chaudhuri pp. 83-94 Film Theory, Subject and Community: How Does Film Theory Relate to the Idea of Community Building? Jakub Morawski pp. 95-102 A Sentimentalist Approach to the Comfort Women Issue: Reading a Documentary “The Big Picture” through the Notion of Sympathy Chung Jae Lee pp. 103-115 The Asian Conference on Film & Documentary 2014 Official Conference Proceedings TV Documentary on the Threshold of the 21st Century Abolhasan Ghasemi, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting University, Iran The Asian Conference on Film & Documentary 2014 Official Conference Proceedings Abstract With the advent of television, documentaries became the centre of gravity of TV productions. During the eighty-year-old life of TV, documentaries have undergone changes in the form and content. This paper is aimed at identifying one of the most important developments in TV documentaries which started in the 1990s and is known as “reality TV”. Recognition, emerging fields, generations and types of programmes of “reality TV” have been studied through surveys in this paper. Key words: TV, TV documentary, reality TV iafor The International Academic Forum www.iafor.org 1 The Asian Conference on Film & Documentary 2014 Official Conference Proceedings Introduction In this paper, the developments of TV documentary in the west and the industrial world from the early nineties and on the threshold of the 21st century will be studied. TV documentary has faced substantial changes in production, new administrative solutions and technical innovations which have led into the emergence of different types of TV documentaries. Like other innovations, it has somewhat shattered the foundations of formal structures of traditional documentary and has established new foundations and capacity for itself. Recognition, analysis and describing the features of TV documentary in this era include this paper’s words. Defining the topic and noting the main questions of the research Analytic examination of TV documentary programmes, in form and content, providing a comprehensive picture of the technical procedures, and transforming the content in TV documentary forms, from the early 1990s with emphasis on “reality TV” programmes in order to identify the capacities, facilities and limitation of such programmes, is the main topic of this research. This paper is meant to answer the following questions: 1- Based on what needs did the TV documentary start to change from the beginning of the 90s? 2- What TV structures did those needs lead into? 3- What is the innovation of such structures