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Ernst Junger and His Network in the Post-War Period

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Ernst Junger and His Network in the Post-War Period Durham E-Theses With a little help from my friends: Ernst Junger and his network in the post-war period. Hajduk, Thomas How to cite: Hajduk, Thomas (2008) With a little help from my friends: Ernst Junger and his network in the post-war period., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2016/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Durham University Department of History Supervisors: Dr Kay Schiller and Dr Jo Fox Academic year: 2006/07 M.A. thesis: With A Little Help From My Friends: Ernst Jiinger and his network in the post-war period The copyright of this thesis rests with the autho_r or the university to which it was ~ubmJtte?. No quotation from it, or mfo~atwn derived from it may be published without the prior written cons_ent of t?e author or university, and any mformatwn derived from it should be acknowledged. Author: Thomas Hajduk 1 5 MAY 2008 Subject: Modem History College: Ustinov College Picture taken from Tagesspiegel, 8.11.1946. Acknowledgment I could not have written this thesis without generous funding from the following institutions: Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (Gennan Academic Foundation), Department of History (Durham University) and Gennan History Society. I am thankful for their support. Table of contents Abbreviations: Ernst Jiinger's works ................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations: correspondence ............................................................................................................ 5 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Ernst Jiinger ................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Research overview ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 The Jiinger-research ............................................................................................................ 8 1.2.2 Denazification ................................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Jiinger- a short biography 1895-1945 .................................................................................... 14 2. The Jiinger-network ....................................................................................................................... 24 2.1 Spider in a web: structure and function of the Jiinger-network ............................................... 25 2.2 As thou wish: main apologists in Germany, Switzerland, England, Netherlands and USA .... 37 2.2.1 The secretary: Armin Mohler in Switzerland ................................................................... 37 2.2.2 Beyond Paris: Jiinger's war-time comrades ...................................................................... 41 2.2.3 The emigres: Jiinger-activists in Britain, the USA and the Netherlands ......................... 51 2.3 Publish or perish: failed and successful publishing strategies ................................................. 60 2.3.1 Failed attempts in Germany .............................................................................................. 61 2.3.2 Crutches abroad ................................................................................................................. 64 2.3.3 Back in business ................................................................................................................ 67 3. The Jiinger case .............................................................................................................................. 70 3.1 Categorisation: how to make a militarist ................................................................................. 71 3.2 Ernst Jiinger: 'prophet of the fifth Reich'? .............................................................................. 75 3.3 In search of the authoritarian character: the German Personnel Assessment Centre ............... 77 3.4 A double-edged sword: the ban on publication ....................................................................... 81 3.5 Not concerned: Ernst Jiinger and denazification ...................................................................... 88 4. War, guilt, a writer & his contribution ........................................................................................... 93 4.1 The disappearing guilt: Der Friede .......................................................................................... 94 4.2 The seismograph: Strahlungen and Heliopolis ...................................................................... 102 4.3 Closing remarks: Waldgang and Jahre der Okkupation ........................................................ 108 5. Conclusion: the Jiinger-phenomenon ........................................................................................... 111 Appendix .......................................................................................................................................... ll5 A.I The execution of a deserter: two versions ............................................................................. 115 A.l.1 The original entry dated 29 May 1941 ........................................................................... 115 A 1.2 The published entry in the first edition of Strahlungen ................................................. 116 A.2 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 119 A.2.1 Literature ........................................................................................................................ 119 A.2 Sources .................................................................................................................................. 121 A.2.1 Unpublished sources ...................................................................................................... 121 A.2.2 Published sources ........................................................................................................... 122 Abbreviations: Emst Jiinger' s works AA= Autor und Autorschaft (Stuttgart, 1984). DA = Der Arbeiter: Herrschaft und Gestalt (Stuttgart, 1982 [1932]). DtM= 'Die totale Mobilmachung', in Emst JUnger (ed.), Krieg und Krieger (Berlin, 1930). pp. 9- 31. Frieden 1946 = Der Friede: Ein Wort an die Jugend Europas und an die Jugend der Welt (Amsterdam, 1946). Frieden 1948 = 'Der Friede', Die Aussprache 5 (1948), pp. I-IV, 1-12. Frieden 1949 = Der Frieden: Ein Wort an die Jugend Europas: Ein Wort an die Jugend der Welt (Zurich, 1949). Helio = Heliopolis (Tiibingen, 1949). JO = Jahre der Okkupation (Stuttgart, 1958). KiE I= Der Kampf als inneres Erlebnis (Berlin, 1922). Marmor = Aufden Marmor-Klippen (Hamburg, 1939). Pub= Sven OlafBerggotz (ed.), Ernst Junger: Politische Publizistik: 1919 his 1933 (Stuttgart, 2001). SG I= In Stahlgewittern: A us de m Tagebuch eines Stofttruppfuhrers: Von Ernst Junger:Kriegsfreiwilliger, dann Leutnant und Kompanie-Fuhrer im Fus.-Regt. Prinz Albrecht von Preuj3en (Hannov. Nr. 73) (Leisnig, 1920). SG Ill= In Stahlgewittern: A us de m Tagebuch eines Stofttruppfuhrers (Berlin, 1924). Strahlungen = Strahlungen (Tiibingen, 1949). SV I= Siebzig verweht I (Stuttgart, 1980). SV IV= Siebzig verweht IV (Stuttgart, 1995). W125 = Das Wiildchen 125: Eine Chronik aus den Grabenkiimpfen 1918 (Berlin, 1925). 4 Waldgang = Der Waldgang (Frankfurt, 1953 [1951]). 4 Abbreviations: correspondence AH = Albert Hofman AM = Armin Mohler AT = Alfred Toepfer B = Umm-El-Banine Assadoulaeff BZ = Benno Ziegler CC = Carl Cohen CS = Carl Schmitt CSd = Carlo Schmid EB = Erich Brock EJ = Emst Jiinger EK = Emst Klett ER = Emst Rowohlt FGJ = Friedrich Georg Jiinger GH = Gerhard Heller GN = Gerhard Nebel HS = Hans Speidel HV A = Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt KOP = Karl 0. Paetel MM = Manfred Michler MT = Michael Thomas VK = Vittorio Klostermann WM = Wemer Milch YMCA= Young Men's Christian Association Note: All correspondence is quoted according to the following pattern: EJ/ WM. The first abbreviation stands for the sender, the second one for the addressee. I have used the published editions of the correspondence between Emst Jiinger and Gerhard Ne bel as well as between Jiinger and Carl Schmitt. In these cases, the page number is given in addition to the abbreviation. 5 1. Introduction 1.1 Emst Junger Emst Ji.inger was one of the most peculiar Germans of the twentieth century. The author of numerous essays, diaries and Science Fiction novels fascinated more people by his personality than 1 his writings: a highly decorated 'writer-warrior' , connoisseur of various drugs,
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