Key Dates and People for Germany 1919-1939 1919 1933 1945 Weimar Germany Nazi Germany (Democracy) (Dictatorship) 1918 Germany requests ceasefire. World War One ends
Kaiser abdicates and flees Your course finishes 1919 in 1939 but Hitler remained dictator New Weimar Government and Constitution set up until 1945 . Treaty of Versailles signed Spartacist uprising in Berlin Hitler joins DAP 1920 Kapp Putsch (Freikorps uprising) The DAP becomes the NSDAP (Nazis) 1921 Hitler now leader of Nazis—sets up SA, designs Nazi flag 1923 French Invasion and Occupation of Ruhr/German workers strike Hyperinflation Beer Hall (Munich) Putsch Stresemann introduces new currency (right at end of year) 1924 Hitler Trial and jail (Feb) Writes Mein Kampf Beginning of ‘Good Years’ for Weimar Republic Dawes Plan (longer to pay back reparations) and loans from USA
Key Dates and People for Germany 1918-1945 1919 1933 1945 Weimar Germany Nazi Germany (Democracy) (Dictatorship) 1925 Locarno Pact with GB, France and Italy—Germany agrees to keep to the land borders decided at ToV Hitler sets up SS 1926 Germany allowed to join League of Nations 1928 Kellogg– Briand Pact—65 countries inc. Germany agree not to use war in foreign policy Elections—Nazis receive only 2% of vote 1929 Young Plan (reparations reduced) Stresemann dies Wall St Crash > Beginning of World Depression 1932 Elections—Nazis receive 32% of the vote 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor (Jan) Reichstag Fire (Feb) Enabling Act (March) Trade Unions Banned Boycott of Jewish shops Political Parties Banned 1934 Night of the Long Knives (Attack on SA—June) Death of Hindenburg Key Dates and People for Germany 1918-1945 1919 1933 1945 Weimar Germany Nazi Germany (Democracy) (Dictatorship) 1935 Nuremberg Laws against Jews—no longer German citizens, can’t marry non—Jews Persecution against Jews increases 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin 1938 Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass—night of violence against Jewish property) Start of Edelweiss Pirates activities (until 1944) 1939 World War Two begins 1940 Ghettos set up across Nazi Occupied Europe in Eastern Europe mostly 1941 Einsatzgruppen (SS squads) mass shooting of Jews in Russia and eastern Europe 1942 Conference at Wannsee to decide on a ‘final solution’ to the Jews Death camps built/converted in Poland Allied bombing campaign against Germany cities White Rose Group active 1943 Jewish resistance in Warsaw Ghetto 1945 End of War/Hitler commits suicide End of Nazi rule Key Dates and People for Germany 1918-1945 1919 1933 1945 Weimar Germany Nazi Germany (Democracy) (Dictatorship) Key People Friedrich Ebert—first President of Weimar Republic
Rosa Luxemberg & Karl Liebknecht—Leaders of Spartacists
Wolfgang Kapp—leader of the Freikorps
Anton Drexler—Original Leader of the DAP, shoved aside by Hitler.
General Ludendorff—German general, World War One hero, gave his support to Hitler in the Munich Putsch
Gustav Stresemann—important German Minister in the better years 1924— 1928
Heinrich Bruning—German Chancellor 1930—1932. Could not solve Germany’s economic crisis Paul von Hindenburg— second President of Weimar Republic—the one who reluctantly made Hitler Chancellor
Franz Von Papen—persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler Chancellor and himself Vice Chancellor. Believed he would be able to control Hitler
Key Dates and People for Germany 1918-1945 1919 1933 1945 Weimar Germany Nazi Germany (Democracy) (Dictatorship)
Key People Ernst Rohm—leader of SA, murdered in Night of Long Knives
Josef Goebbels - Nazi Propaganda Minister
Heinrich Himmler—leading Nazi in charge of ‘Terror’ SS, Concentration Camps etc
Reinhard Heydrich—SS general, in charge of the Gestapo (under Himmler)
Bishop Muller—leader of the Protestant Reich church (the official Nazi church)
Bishop Galen—Catholic bishop who spoke up against Nazi policies of killing the disabled