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HISTORY OF and the Early Medieval Period

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FATHERS 1

50-750 A.D. LECTURE 24:

1 GREGORY THE GREAT

C. 540-604

“RESTORING ORDER” 1 1 1 HIS WRITINGS

On Pastoral Care ON PASTORAL CARE (590)

This text is the most thorough pastoral treatise of the patristic era. It distinguishes who and who should not be a shepherd.

1 It identifies many of the pastor's duties. It anticipates many pastoral challenges and provides some help. The work even notes 72 different “kinds” of people and how best to minister to them. He uses terms like “shepherd” and “preacher” and not “bishop”. ON PASTORAL CARE

“No one presumes to teach an art that he has not first mastered through study. How foolish it is therefore for the inexperienced to

1 assume pastoral authority when the care of souls is the art of arts. For who does not realize that the afflictions of the mind are more hidden than the internal wounds of the body? And yet, how often do they who are completely ignorant of spiritual precepts profess themselves physicians of the heart, while anyone who is ignorant of the power of medicine is too embarrassed to be seen as a physician of the body.” ON PASTORAL CARE

“Moreover, there are some who investigate spiritual precepts with great care but trample upon what they analyze by the way in which

1 they live. Hastily they showcase what they have learned, not by practice but by study. No one does more harm in the Church than he who has the title or rank of holiness and acts perversely. This is because no layperson presumes to refute the delinquent. Moreover, because such a sinner is honored by the dignity of his rank, his offenses spread considerably by way of example. And yet everyone who is unworthy would flee from such a great burden of guilt.” ON PASTORAL CARE

“Whoever, therefore, gives off the appearance of sanctity but destroys another by his words or example, it would be

1 better for him that his earthly acts, demonstrated by worldly habits, would bind him to death than for his sacred office to be a source for the imitation of vice in another. Indeed, his punishment in hell would be less terrible if he fell alone.” 1 Something was beginning to take root in the Arabian Peninsula… LECTURE 24:

THE RISE OF 1 COMPARE ISLAM TO CHRISTIANITY

Early Church prayed/worshipped facing east Muslims pray facing east

Why? Why? 1

Early Church buried each other facing east Muslims are buried facing east

Why? Why?

So there are similarities between the two religions but to what degree? ISLAM

Muhammad- the founder/prophet of Islam- took parts of other religions. 1 ISLAM

Muhammad- the founder/prophet of Islam- took parts of other religions.

1 Paganism ISLAM

Muhammad- the founder/prophet of Islam- took parts of other religions.

1 Paganism Gnosticism ISLAM

Muhammad- the founder/prophet of Islam- took parts of other religions.

1 Paganism Gnosticism Judaism ISLAM

Muhammad- the founder/prophet of Islam- took parts of other religions.

1 Paganism Gnosticism Judaism Christianity ISLAM

Muhammad begins teaching Islam in Mecca to a multifaceted pagan culture In 622 he is run out of the city and he goes to Medina

1 In Median he grows in prominence and power After his death in 632, he is succeeded by the Khalifa who is a political leader and last prophet ISLAM

The 6th century was the real beginning of Islam due to Muhammad’s gain of power:

Politically, socially, religiously, and militarily. 1

By the mid-8th CE Islamic reign and rule spread all the way through North Africa to Paris and from Spain to centered in Mecca with Kabba. 1

ISLAM 1 CHURCH

FATHERS 1

50-750 A.D. LECTURE 24:

1 JOHN OF

C . 676 - 74 9 JOHN OF 1 DAMASCUS

p. 25 JOHN OF DAMASCUS

Left his high position in the Damascus court to become a monk In 730 Byzantine Emperor Leo III ordered the destruction of all religious . John fought against this

1 movement as he viewed icons as symbols not idols. After much bloodshed, John’s works were recognized as helpful in shaping the reasoning behind icons in the - which still stands today. Iconoclastic controversy LECTURE 24:

1 JOHN OF DAMASCUS

O N I S L A M ST JOHN OF DAMASCUS:

A FIRST IMPRESSION OF ISLAM (730S) 1

LECTURE 24: 1

C. 672-735 1 BEDE

p. 111 1 BEDE

First describes the English as a Christian people BEDE

Born Northumbria (North of England) Oblate, , priest

1 Scholar of exegesis, biography, history, poetry Monk CHURCH

FATHERS 1

50-750 A.D. HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

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Reformers 1

WHO WE’LL STUDY NEXT… Puritans 1