DOCSLIB.ORG

Free Comrades: Anarchism and Homosexuality in The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FREE COMRADES ANARCHISM AND HOMOSEXUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1895 -1917 FREE COMRADES ANARCHISM AND HOMOSEXUAlITY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1895 -1917 Terence Kissack Free Comrades:AHarchism and Homosexuality in the United States, 1895-1917 © 2008 Terence Kissack This edition © 2008 AK Press (Oakland, Edinburgh, West Virginia) ISBN-13 9781904859116 Library of Congress Control Number: 20()693352H AK Press AK Press 674-A 23rd Street PO Box 12766 Oakland, CA 94612 Edinburgh EH8 'lYE USA Scotland wwwakpress.org www.akuk.com [email protected] [email protected] The above addresses would be delighted to provide you with the latest AK Press distribution catalog, which features the several thousand books, pamphlets, zines, audio and video products, and stylish apparel published and/or distributed by AK Press. Alternatively, visit our web site for the complete catalog, latest news. and secure ordering. PIillted in Canada on acid tree, recycled paper with union labor. Cover by Chris Wright (www.seldomwright.com) Interior design and layout by ZB CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction: Anarchism and the Politics of Homosexuality Chapter One: "The Right to Complete Liberty of Action": Anarchism, Sexuality, and American Culture 13 Chapter Two: The Wilde Ones: Oscar Wilde and Anarchist Sexual Politics 43 Chapter Three: Free Comrades: Whitman and the Shifting Grounds of the Politics of Homosexuality 69 Chapter Four: "Love's Dungeon Flower": Prison and the Politics of Homosexuality 97 Chapter Five: '''Urnings,' 'Lesbians,' and other strange topics": Sexology and the Politics of Homosexuality 127 Chapter Six: Anarchist Sexual Politics in the Post-World War I Period 153 Conclusion: Anarchism, Stonewall, and the Transformation of the Politics of Homosexuality 181 Notes 189 Bibliography 214 Index 230 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book began as my dissertation in United States History which I com­ pleted at the City University of New Yo rk in 2004. The fr iends I made at CUNY-most especially Erica Ball, David D. Doyle Jr., Megan Elias, Cindy Lobel, Kathy Feeley, Marcia Gallo, Kerri Jackson, Delia Mellis, Jason To ugaw, and Peter Vellon-were enormously helpful to me and were by fa r my best teachers. At CUNY I had the privilege of working with Martin Duberman, who served as chair of my dissertation committee. Marty's knowledge of the history of radicalism and sexuality in the United States proved to be an invaluable re­ source. I am equally indebted to the other members of my committee. I spent some of my best days as a student in seminars run by David Nasaw and Thom­ as Kessner. As committee members they were masters of the art of academic tough love. Thankfully, David and Tom both have a wicked sense of humor; difficult lessons were taught without too much bruising of my ego. Blanche Wiesen Cook was both a sartorial and an academic influence in my life. I was fo rtunate that Lisa Duggan agreed to serve on my committee even though she was not CUNY fa culty. I am grateful fo r her carefu� and insightful comments and fo r her quick wit. A number of fr iends, colleagues, and teachers honed my thinking and lifted my spirits. Special thanks to Paul Av rich, Carol Berkin, The Boys at Boleri­ um Books, Maljorie Bryer, Joey Cain, Phillip Cannistraro,Jack Diggins, Betty Einerman, Jeffrey Escoffier, Michael Helquist, Kevin Jenkins, Hubert Kennedy, Brigitte Koenig, Jon Kaufmann, Gerard Koskovich, Regina Kunzel, Barbara Loomis, Molly McGarry, Martin Meeker, Kevin Murphy, James Osborne, D. Sachs, Susan Stryker, Randolph Trumbach, Nancy Unger, Jim Van Buskirk, and Willie Wa lker. lowe an enormous debt to my editor Zach Blue and to Barry Pateman, whose dedication to the exploration of anarchist history and willing­ ness to give his time and insights is truly remarkable. A number of institutions and organizations assisted me during my ·research. CUNY's History Department, the CUNY Graduate Center, and the Colonial Dames of New Yo rk all awarded me much needed financial support during my days as a student. The archivists and staffat the New Yo rk Public Library, the Tamiment Archives at New Yo rk University, the Houghton Library at Harvard University, the Emma Goldman Papers Project of U. C. Berkeley, the Hatcher Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor which houses the Jo�eph Labadie Collection, and the volunteers and staffof the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgen­ der Historical Society were all very generous with their time and assistance. I am enormously thankful for the love and support of my parents, Alfred Kissack and Micheline Maccario, who never wavered in their enthusiasm for my work. Sadly, my mother passed away in late 2007. I dedicate this book to her. My brothers,Alec, Lyle, and Bruno; their respective partners, Laura, Clem­ mie, and Maureen; and my niece and nephews, Allie, Mitch, Diego, Ramsey, and Tyson deserve my thanks for putting me up and putting up with me during research trips. Finally, I want to thank my partner Mark Coleman. Mark was not in my life when this book was in its infancy, but I would not have finished it without his love and support. INTRODUCTION: ANARCHISM AND THE POLITICS OF HOMOSEXUALITY IN THE LATE-NINETEENTH AND early-twentieth centuries, activists living in the urban, industrial We st began to articulate a politics of homosexuality. Though various early-nineteenth century political thinkers, like Jeremy Ben- � tham and Charles Fourier, touched on the question of homosexuality and its .J5 :::; >­ place in the social order, same-sex love enjoyed increased attention in the late- '" � nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries due to a quantitative and qualitative .c; '" shift in the political and sexual cultures of the We st. 1 This development is best documented in Northern Europe, especially Germany and England. In these countries, intellectuals and reformers including Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Edith Ellis, Anna Ruling, Edward Carpenter, Helene Stocker, and John Addington 1::� g Symonds published and circulated defenses of same-sex love. In 1897, the '" g' German sexologist and sex radical, Magnus Hirschfeld formed the Scientific- E Humanitarian Committee (SHC), the world's first homosexual rights organiza­ tion. The SHC published a journal, sponsored lectures, did outreach to media, clergy, and other professionals, and lobbied for legal reforms. The members of the SHC and other contemporary activists were radical intellectuals, producing new forms of knowledge and political ideas. They created new understandings of homosexuality, forged new political terms and goals, and articulated sharp ;;; critiques of oppressive social norms and values. These activists constructed new :> o U 2 FREE COMRADES forms of political and social consciousness that shaped the lives of millions of people.2 Historians have not documented a similar movement in the United States during this per�od. This is not to say that Americans in the late-nineteenth and early -twentieth centuries were silent on the moral, social, and cultural mean­ ings of same-sex love. As in the rest of the developed world, America witnessed a dramatic increase in the level of interest in homosexuality. Sexual behavior and identity were the subjects of a number of discussions and investigations based in law, psy chiatry, journalism, and literature.' Few Americans, however, produced political defenses of same-sex love similar to those being penned by European sex radicals. The only pre-World War I era American work comparable to those being produced in Europe at the time is Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson's The Intersexes: A History of Simisexualism As a Problem in Social Life. The Intersexes engages with the texts of other reformers and seeks to add new perspectives and information to the unfolding debate about the place of same-sex love in Western culture. But Prime-Stevenson published his book only after moving to Italy. There were 125 copies ofPrime-Stevenson's work printed in 1908 by a smail, private English-language press in Rome. There is very little evidence that Prime-Stevenson's work had much impact in the country of his birth." In this period, there were no political groups organized along the lines of the SHC in the United States. There is mention of one smail group, but the veracity of the account describing its existence is questionable. In an autobio­ graphical narrative published in 1922, Earl Lind claimed to have been a member of a New York group called the Cercle Hermaphroditos that formed "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution of bisexuals."s By "bisexual" Lind meant men, like himself, who were sexually attracted to men. Accord­ ing to Lind, members of this group, which "numbered about a score," met at "Paresis Hall," a resort located in New York City's Bowery and well-known as a hang out for "fairies," or effeminate homosexuals.6 Though members of the group shared their experiences of job discrimination and their risk of random street violence, they did not take any action beyond coming together for mu­ tual support. At best, then, the group-assuming it existed-was, in the words of George Chauncey, a "loosely constituted club" offering support and recre­ ational opportunity to its members.7 The Cercle Hermaphroditos published no pamphlets, journals, or books; sponsored no lectures; and left no evidence of any activity outside of Paresis Hall. In fact, other than Lind's account, there is no evidence that the organization actually existed, and as historian Jonathan Ned Katz notes, "it is difficult to know exactly where Earl Lind's accounts pass ANARCHISM AND THE POLITICS OF HOMOSEXUALITY 3 from fact to fiction."The story of the Cercle Hermaphroditos, Katz writes, may well be "apocryphal."R Of course, there were individuals who carved out a place for themselves by claiming social space within cities, and refusing to conform to normative gen­ der and sexual codes.
Recommended publications
  • The New Woman Criminal in British Culture at the Fin De Siècle

    The New Woman Criminal in British Culture at the Fin De Siècle

    FRAMED DIGITALCULTUREBOOKS is a collaborative imprint of the University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Library. FRAMED The New Woman Criminal in British Culture at the Fin de Siècle ELIZABETH CAROLYN MILLER The University of Michigan Press AND The University of Michigan Library ANN ARBOR Copyright © 2008 by Elizabeth Carolyn Miller All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press and the University of Michigan Library Manufactured in the United States of America c Printed on acid-free paper 2011 2010 2009 2008 4321 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Miller, Elizabeth Carolyn, 1974– Framed : the new woman criminal in British culture at the fin de siècle / Elizabeth Carolyn Miller. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-472-07044-2 (acid-free paper) ISBN-10: 0-472-07044-4 (acid-free paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-472-05044-4 (pbk. : acid-free paper) ISBN-10: 0-472-05044-3 (pbk. : acid-free paper) 1. Detective and mystery stories, English—History and criticism. 2. English fiction—19th century—History and criticism. 3. Female offenders in literature. 4. Terrorism in literature. 5. Consumption (Economics) in literature. 6. Feminism and literature— Great Britain—History—19th century. 7. Literature and society— Great Britain—History—19th century.
  • The Ecumenical Movement and the Origins of the League Of

    The Ecumenical Movement and the Origins of the League Of

    IN SEARCH OF A GLOBAL, GODLY ORDER: THE ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT AND THE ORIGINS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1908-1918 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by James M. Donahue __________________________ Mark A. Noll, Director Graduate Program in History Notre Dame, Indiana April 2015 © Copyright 2015 James M. Donahue IN SEARCH OF A GLOBAL, GODLY ORDER: THE ECUMENICAL MOVEMENT AND THE ORIGINS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS, 1908-1918 Abstract by James M. Donahue This dissertation traces the origins of the League of Nations movement during the First World War to a coalescent international network of ecumenical figures and Protestant politicians. Its primary focus rests on the World Alliance for International Friendship Through the Churches, an organization that drew Protestant social activists and ecumenical leaders from Europe and North America. The World Alliance officially began on August 1, 1914 in southern Germany to the sounds of the first shots of the war. Within the next three months, World Alliance members began League of Nations societies in Holland, Switzerland, Germany, Great Britain and the United States. The World Alliance then enlisted other Christian institutions in its campaign, such as the International Missionary Council, the Y.M.C.A., the Y.W.C.A., the Blue Cross and the Student Volunteer Movement. Key figures include John Mott, Charles Macfarland, Adolf Deissmann, W. H. Dickinson, James Allen Baker, Nathan Söderblom, Andrew James M. Donahue Carnegie, Wilfred Monod, Prince Max von Baden and Lord Robert Cecil.
  • American Journal of Eugenics V2 N6-7 Sep-Oct 1908

    American Journal of Eugenics V2 N6-7 Sep-Oct 1908

    PRICE 649 S. Main St., Los Angeles, Calif., U. S. A. BY MAIL M. HARMAN, Editor and Publisher London Agents: Miller & Gill, Cambridge Cir­ f t l . 2 5 l1 0 cus, Charing Cross Roads ÎENTS AYEAR. IN THIS NUMBER Scientific Race Culture.........................................Hulda L. Potter-Loomis The Family—Foundation of Society..................... ......... .. .Auguste Ford Marriage a Trap and a Wheel.......................................................John Fills The Outlook—Back to the People...............................................M Harman Mother Earth in California.............................................................. J. W. L. Some Thoughts on Eugenics.................................................C. H. Wcsseler What is Said of Eugenics............................................................ M. Harman Practical Eugenics—Unitary Homes.....................................B. F. Gregory What’s What and Who’s W ho...................................................M. Harman The Business End—Short Editorials.........................................M. Harman More About Men, Women and Morals..................... Louisa D. Harding A Radical Professor..............................................................Robert B. Kerr THE EUGENIST LIBRARY When sending for books our friends are requested to name second or third choice, especially in regard to thé smaller books and pamphlets, inasmuch as the stock of some of these is now exhausted and we find it difficult, often impossible, to get more. “Thoughts of a Fool,“ by Evelyn Gladys, is one of the books that once read will never be forgotten. It was at first sold for $1.50. We have come into possession of a few copies, donated to Eugenics, which will be sold $1.00 each, postage 10 cents “Sexual Love,“ by Allan Laidlaw. Paper cover. Price one shilling; 25c. “Borning Better Babies,“ by Dr. E. B. Foot, Jr. Price 25 cents. “Duty of Civil Disobedience,“ by Henry D. Thoreau. Price 10 cents.
  • Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature

    Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature

    i “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature by Anna Elena Torres A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender and Sexuality in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Chana Kronfeld, Chair Professor Naomi Seidman Professor Nathaniel Deutsch Professor Juana María Rodríguez Summer 2016 ii “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature Copyright © 2016 by Anna Elena Torres 1 Abstract “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature by Anna Elena Torres Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender and Sexuality University of California, Berkeley Professor Chana Kronfeld, Chair “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature examines the intertwined worlds of Yiddish modernist writing and anarchist politics and culture. Bringing together original historical research on the radical press and close readings of Yiddish avant-garde poetry by Moyshe-Leyb Halpern, Peretz Markish, Yankev Glatshteyn, and others, I show that the development of anarchist modernism was both a transnational literary trend and a complex worldview. My research draws from hitherto unread material in international archives to document the world of the Yiddish anarchist press and assess the scope of its literary influence. The dissertation’s theoretical framework is informed by diaspora studies, gender studies, and translation theory, to which I introduce anarchist diasporism as a new term.
  • SOCIAL ANARCHISM OR LIFESTYLE ANARCHISM Murray 'Bookchin

    SOCIAL ANARCHISM OR LIFESTYLE ANARCHISM Murray 'Bookchin

    SOCIAL ANARCHISM OR LIFESTYLE ANARCHISM AN UNB.RIDGEABLE CHASM Murray 'Bookchin AK PRESS © Copyright: 1995 Murray Bookchin Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bookchin,Murray, 1921- Social anarchism or lifestyle anarchism : the unbridgeable chasm / byMurray Bookchin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-873176-83-X (pbk.) 1. Anarchism. 2. Social problems. 3. Individualism. 4. Personalism. HX833.B635 1995 320.5'7-dc20 95-41903 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this title is available fromthe British Library . First published in 1995 by AK Press AK Press 22 Lutton Place P.O. Box 40682 Edinburgh, Scotland San Francisco, CA EH8 9PE 94140-0682 The publication of this volume was in part made possible by the generosity of Stefan Andreas Store, Chris Atton, Andy Hibbs, Stephen JohnAd ams, and the Friends of AK Press. Typeset and design donated by Freddie Baer. CONTENTS A Short Note to the Reader .......................................................... 1 Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism ................................. 4 The Left That Was: A Personal Reflection................................... ............................... 66 A NOTE TO THE READER This short work was written to deal with the fact that anarchism stands at a turning point in its long and turbulent history. At a time when popular distrust of the state has reached extraordinary proportions in many countries; when thedivision of society among a handful of opulently wealthy individuals and corporations contrasts sharply with the growing impover­ ishment of millions of people on a scale unprecedentedsince the Great Depression decade; when the intensity of exploitation has forced people in growing numbers to accept a work week of a length typical of the last century - anarchists have formed neither a coherent program nor a revolutionary organizationto provide a direction for the mass discontent that contemporary society is creating.
  • Cuban Anarchism Wexler, Alice

    Cuban Anarchism Wexler, Alice

    Anarchism was the driving force behind Cuba's revolutionary and labor movements from their dawn until well into the 20th century. Anarchists bore primary responsibility for organizing workers in Cuba's most important industries, tobacco and sugar. At the height of their influence in the 1920s, Cuba's anarchists controlled the Cuban union Cuban movement, provided free nonreligious schools for poor children, provided meeting places for Cuba's working class, organized campesinos into unions and agricultural Anarchism collectives, and published newspapers and magazines THE HISTORY OF A MOVEMENT across the island. Later, they would take an active part in the resistance to the Machado, Batista, and Castro dictatorships. This book presents their inspiring story. Frank Fernandez Introduction by Chaz Bufe Serrano, Carlos. Anarchisme et Independence á Cuba á la Fin du XIX Siecle. Paris: Universite de Paris, 1986. Shaffer, Kirwin R. Cuba para todos: Anarchist Internationalism and the Cultural Politics of Cuban Independence, 1898-1925. (forthcoming) Souchy, Agustín. Testimonios sobre la Revolución Cubana. Buenos Aires: Editorial Reconstruir, 1960. Thomas, Hugh. Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971. Ward, Colin. Anarchy in Action. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. Westfall, Glenn L. Key West: Cigar City USA. Key West, FL: Historical Key West Preservation Board, 1987. Cuban Anarchism Wexler, Alice. Emma Goldman in Exile. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. THE HISTORY OF A MOVEMENT Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States. New York: Harper & Row, 1980. Frank Fernandez 112 1979. Molina, Juan M. El Comunismo Totalitario. Mexico, DF: Editores Mexicanos Unidos, 1982. Moreno Fraginals, Manuel. Cuba/España, España/Cuba.
  • View the Program & Bibliography

    View the Program & Bibliography

    MONDAY Praxis Poems: JUL 01 Radical Genealogies of Yiddish Poetry ANNA ELENA TORRES | Delivered in English This talk will survey the radical traditions of Yiddish poetry, focusing on anarchist poetics and the press. Beginning with the Labor poets, also known as the Svetshop or Proletarian poets, the lecture discusses the formative role of the anarchist press in the development of immigrant social worlds. Between 1890 and World War I, Yiddish anarchists published more than twenty newspapers in the U.S.; these papers generally grew out of mutual aid societies that aspired to cultivate new forms of social life. Fraye Arbeter Shtime (Free Voice of Labor)—which was founded in 1890 and ran until 1977, making it the longest-running anarchist newspaper in any language—launched the careers of many prominent poets, including Dovid Edelshtat, Mani Leyb, Anna Margolin, Fradl Shtok, and Yankev Glatshteyn. Yiddish editors fought major anti-censorship Supreme Court cases during this period, playing a key role in the transnational struggle for a free press. The talk concludes by tracing how the earlier Proletarian poets deeply informed the work of later, experimental Modernist writers. Anna Elena Torres is an Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Chicago. Her forthcoming book is titled Any Minute Now The World Streams Over Its Border!: Anarchism and Yiddish Literature (Yale University Press). This project examines the literary production, language politics, and religious thought of Jewish anarchist movements from 1870 to the present in Moscow, Tel Aviv, London, Buenos Aires, New York City, and elsewhere. Torres’ work has appeared in Jewish Quarterly Review, In geveb, Nashim, make/shift, and the anthology Feminisms in Motion: A Decade of Intersectional Feminist Media (AK Press, 2018).
  • Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature

    Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature

    i “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature by Anna Elena Torres A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender and Sexuality in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Chana Kronfeld, Chair Professor Naomi Seidman Professor Nathaniel Deutsch Professor Juana María Rodríguez Summer 2016 ii “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature Copyright © 2016 by Anna Elena Torres 1 Abstract “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature by Anna Elena Torres Joint Doctor of Philosophy with the Graduate Theological Union in Jewish Studies and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender and Sexuality University of California, Berkeley Professor Chana Kronfeld, Chair “Any Minute Now the World’s Overflowing Its Border”: Anarchist Modernism and Yiddish Literature examines the intertwined worlds of Yiddish modernist writing and anarchist politics and culture. Bringing together original historical research on the radical press and close readings of Yiddish avant-garde poetry by Moyshe-Leyb Halpern, Peretz Markish, Yankev Glatshteyn, and others, I show that the development of anarchist modernism was both a transnational literary trend and a complex worldview. My research draws from hitherto unread material in international archives to document the world of the Yiddish anarchist press and assess the scope of its literary influence. The dissertation’s theoretical framework is informed by diaspora studies, gender studies, and translation theory, to which I introduce anarchist diasporism as a new term.
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen

    PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen

    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/104308 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-05 and may be subject to change. /b< ι M. Robertson: ^9 Rationalist and ' 1 T . à . _ „ -- • • s...... L I* ' "ary Critic i ODIN DEKKERS J.M. Robertson: Rationalist and Literary Critic J.M. Robertson: Rationalist and Literary Critic een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Letteren PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 24 juni 1998 des namiddags om 1.30 uur precies door ODIN DEKKERS Geboren op 14 augustus 1969 te Susteren Promotor: Prof. Dr. F.J.M. Korsten Co-promotor: Dr. J.M. Blom Leden manuscriptcommissie: Prof. Dr. W.J.M. Bronzwaer Prof. K. Fens Prof. Dr. M. Demoor, Rijksuniversiteit Gent Contents Acknowledgements vii Preface ix 1 TheLifeof J.M. Robertson 1 2 Robertson and nineteenth-century rationalism Introduction 51 Part 1 : British rationalism in the nineteenth century 52 Part 2: Robertson as a rationalist thinker 72 3 Robertson and scientific literary criticism Introduction 93 Part 1 : Victorian scientific criticism 94 Part 2 : Robertson as a theorist of scientific literary criticism 134 4 Robertson on drama, fiction, and poetry Introduction 163 Part 1 : Robertson on drama 164 Part 2: Robertson on fiction 192 Part 3 : Robertson on poetry 221 Bibliography 257 Index 277 Acknowledgements This book could not have been written without the generous help I have received from many quarters.
  • Schwartz, Infidel Feminism (2013)

    Schwartz, Infidel Feminism (2013)

    6 Freethought and Free Love? Marriage, birth control and sexual morality uestions of sex were central to Secularism. Even those Freethinkers who desperately sought respectability for the movement found Q it impossible to avoid the subject, for irreligion was irrevocably linked in the public mind with sexual license. Moreover, the Freethought movement had, since the beginning of the nineteenth century, been home to some of the leading advocates of sexual liberty, birth control and marriage reform. A complex relationship existed between these strands of sexual dissidence – sometimes conficting, at other times coming together to form a radical, feminist vision of sexual freedom. If a ‘Freethinking’ vision of sexual freedom existed, it certainly did not go uncontested by others in the movement. Nevertheless, the intellectual and political location of organised Freethought made it fertile ground for a radical re-imagining of sexualCIRCULATION norms and conduct. Te Freethought renunciation of Christianity necessarily entailed a rejection of the moral authority of the Church, particularly its role in legitimising sexual relations. Secularists were therefore required to fnd a new basis for morality, and questions of sex were at the centre of this project to establish new ethical criteria. In some cases Secularists’ rejec- tion of Christian asceticism and their emphasis on the material world could alsoFOR lead to a positive attitude to physical passions in both men and women. Te central Freethinking principle of free enquiry necessi- tated a commitment to open discussion of sexual matters, and while this ofen generated a great deal of anxiety, the majority of the movement’s leadership supported the need for free discussion.
  • “For a World Without Oppressors:” U.S. Anarchism from the Palmer

    “For a World Without Oppressors:” U.S. Anarchism from the Palmer

    “For a World Without Oppressors:” U.S. Anarchism from the Palmer Raids to the Sixties by Andrew Cornell A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Social and Cultural Analysis Program in American Studies New York University January, 2011 _______________________ Andrew Ross © Andrew Cornell All Rights Reserved, 2011 “I am undertaking something which may turn out to be a resume of the English speaking anarchist movement in America and I am appalled at the little I know about it after my twenty years of association with anarchists both here and abroad.” -W.S. Van Valkenburgh, Letter to Agnes Inglis, 1932 “The difficulty in finding perspective is related to the general American lack of a historical consciousness…Many young white activists still act as though they have nothing to learn from their sisters and brothers who struggled before them.” -George Lakey, Strategy for a Living Revolution, 1971 “From the start, anarchism was an open political philosophy, always transforming itself in theory and practice…Yet when people are introduced to anarchism today, that openness, combined with a cultural propensity to forget the past, can make it seem a recent invention—without an elastic tradition, filled with debates, lessons, and experiments to build on.” -Cindy Milstein, Anarchism and Its Aspirations, 2010 “Librarians have an ‘academic’ sense, and can’t bare to throw anything away! Even things they don’t approve of. They acquire a historic sense. At the time a hand-bill may be very ‘bad’! But the following day it becomes ‘historic.’” -Agnes Inglis, Letter to Highlander Folk School, 1944 “To keep on repeating the same attempts without an intelligent appraisal of all the numerous failures in the past is not to uphold the right to experiment, but to insist upon one’s right to escape the hard facts of social struggle into the world of wishful belief.
  • The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, and Ideological Exclusion in the Progressive Era Adam Quinn University of Vermont

    The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, and Ideological Exclusion in the Progressive Era Adam Quinn University of Vermont

    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2016 The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, and Ideological Exclusion in the Progressive Era Adam Quinn University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Quinn, Adam, "The Long Red Scare: Anarchism, Antiradicalism, and Ideological Exclusion in the Progressive Era" (2016). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 582. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/582 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE LONG RED SCARE: ANARCHISM, ANTIRADICALISM, AND IDEOLOGICAL EXCLUSION IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA A Thesis Presented by Adam Quinn to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Specializing in History May, 2016 Defense Date: March 24, 2016 Thesis Examination Committee: Nicole Phelps, Ph.D. Advisor Dona Brown, Ph.D., Second Reader Alec Ewald, Ph.D., Chairperson Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT From 1919 to 1920 the United States carried out a massive campaign against radicals, arresting and deporting thousands of radical immigrants in a matter of months, raiding and shutting down anarchist printing shops, and preventing anarchists from sending both periodicals and personal communications through the mail. This period is widely known as the First Red Scare, and is framed as a reaction to recent anarchist terrorism, syndicalist unionizing, and the Bolshevik Revolution.