AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F Environmental Overview

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Executive Summary

The Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force has retained AECOM Canada Limited (AECOM) to prepare a water management plan for the Sheep River Basin (the basin), as part of the Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Feasibility Study. This report provides a broad desktop review of all applicable legislation, protected areas, and environmental conditions within the Sheep River Basin.

The basin encompasses three Natural Regions: Rocky Mountain, Parkland, and Grassland, which are further divided into five Natural Subregions: Alpine, Subalpine, Montane, Foothills Parkland, and Foothills Fescue (Natural Regions Committee 2006). The desktop review identified a number of designated protected areas including three Wildland Provincial Parks, three Provincial Parks, two Natural Areas, the OH Ranch Heritage Rangeland, five Provincial Recreation Areas, and the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve. The basin also falls within key range and key wildlife layers including: Sharp-tailed Grouse, Sensitive Raptor Range, Endangered and Threatened Plants Ranges, Mountain Goat and Sheep Areas, Grizzly Bear Zone, Colonial Nesting Birds, and Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones. In addition, numerous Eastern Slopes Land Use Zones and several Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs) occur within the basin. Regulatory bodies have established these ranges for the protection of critical areas and to preserve them from development.

Terrain and soil resources within the basin are variable. Dominant landforms throughout the Basin are characterized by inclined and undulating landforms, nearly level plains, valleys of confined floodplains and terraces, and low relief floodplains. Dominant soil series within the Sheep River Basin include Orthic Black Chernozem, Orthic Gray Luvisol, Dark Gray Luvisol, and Orthic Regosol soil subgroups. Agricultural capability is restricted due to climate and soil limitations. Vegetation within the basin is highly variable and is primarily dependent on landform and elevation. In the east, the Foothill Fescue Natural Subregion is dominated by level prairies dominated by grass species, which continue westward into the Foothill Parkland Natural Subregion. The undulating foothills result in clusters of aspen on north and eastern-facing slopes. The terrain within the Montane Natural Subregion is highly variable resulting in microclimates that contribute to the complexity of the vegetation communities. In general, vegetation communities become sparser, stunted, and less diverse with increased elevation in the Rocky Mountain Natural Region. A total of 37 rare plant species have been documented within the basin. The ranges of two protected species, limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and whitebark pine (P. albicaulis), cover western portions of the basin. Both these species are considered endangered in Alberta under the Wildlife Act due to various causes, but both share mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) as a reason for population declines.

Wetlands occur throughout the basin, with the majority occurring within the Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion. Within this Subregion, marshes are common in the level prairies and wetlands become less common in the hillier foothill areas. Open water and marsh areas can be found in the Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion. Wetlands are rare within the Montane Subregion with fens occasionally occurring in seepage areas. In the Subalpine and Alpine Subregions, wetlands are uncommon due to terrain complexity.

A total of 77 Species at Risk, designated by federal and provincial legislation, have the potential to occur within the Sheep River Basin. Specifically, two species are ranked under the Alberta Wildlife Act as “Endangered”: the Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) and the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis). The Burrowing Owl has been documented within the Foothills Fescue and Foothills Parkland Natural Subregions of the basin, while the Ferruginous Hawk is limited to habitat within the Foothills Fescue. Watercourses within the Sheep River Basin support a large variety of cold water fish. Class B and C watercourses occur within the basin with specific restricted activity periods (RAPs). Theses RAPs are set to protect sensitive species and their habitat during key life stage phases, such as spawning. Three fish Species at Risk have been reported within the basin: Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia; “Threatened” under the Alberta Wildlife Act), Spoonhead Sculpin (Cottus ricei; “May Be At

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Risk” under the Alberta Wildlife Act), and Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus; Threatened” under the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)).

Historical Resources have a high potential of occurring in areas adjacent to watercourses, as most previously mapped archaeological sites within basin have been located adjacent to major waterways. Areas within the grassland, foothills, and mountainous areas are likely to have low archaeological potential. Prehistoric, historic and natural sites have been documented within the basin with variable Historic Resource Values (HRVs).

Multiple environmental and historical resources assessments would need to be completed prior to any development activities occurring. Both federal and provincial legislation, as well as land use guidelines, must be included during the planning stages of any project and adhered to prior to development. Mitigation strategies will have to be followed in areas identified as sensitive within the basin and it is recommended that follow-up measures include post-disturbance monitoring of fish and wildlife.

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Table of Contents

Statement of Qualifications and Limitations Letter of Transmittal Distribution List Executive Summary page 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Grassland Natural Region ...... 1 1.1.1 Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion ...... 1 1.2 Parkland Natural Region...... 1 1.2.1 Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion ...... 1 1.3 Rocky Mountain Natural Region ...... 2 1.3.1 Montane Natural Subregion ...... 2 1.3.2 Subalpine Natural Subregion ...... 2 1.3.3 Alpine Natural Subregion ...... 2 2. Regulatory Setting ...... 4 2.1 Federal Legislation and Requirements ...... 4 2.1.1 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act ...... 4 2.1.2 Fisheries Act ...... 4 2.1.3 Navigable Waters Protection Act ...... 5 2.1.4 Migratory Birds Convention Act ...... 5 2.1.5 Species at Risk Act ...... 5 2.1.6 Canada Wildlife Act ...... 5 2.2 Provincial Legislation ...... 6 2.2.1 Alberta Land Stewardship Act ...... 6 2.2.2 Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA) ...... 6 2.2.3 Natural Resources Conservation Board Act ...... 7 2.2.4 Water Act ...... 8 2.2.5 Public Lands Act ...... 8 2.2.6 Historical Resources Act ...... 8 2.2.7 Wildlife Act ...... 9 2.2.8 Provincial Parks Act ...... 9 2.2.9 Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas and Heritage Rangelands Act ...... 9 2.3 Other Pertinent Regulatory-Related Information ...... 9 3. Protected Areas and Land Use ...... 11 3.1 Parks ...... 11 3.1.1 Provincial Parks ...... 11 3.1.2 Wildland Provincial Parks ...... 11 3.1.3 Provincial Recreation Areas ...... 11 3.2 Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas, and Heritage Rangelands...... 12 3.2.1 Natural Areas ...... 12 3.2.2 Heritage Rangeland ...... 12 3.2.3 Ecological Reserves ...... 12 3.3 Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve ...... 12 3.4 Key Range Layers ...... 13

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3.5 Key Wildlife Layers ...... 13 3.6 Eastern Slopes Land Use Zones ...... 13 3.7 Environmentally Significant Areas ...... 14 4. Terrain and Soils ...... 15 4.1 Introduction ...... 15 4.2 Methods ...... 15 4.2.1 Soil ...... 15 4.2.2 Soil Agricultural Capability ...... 15 4.2.3 Soil Handling Issues ...... 19 4.2.4 Soil Suitability for Reclamation ...... 19 4.2.5 Terrain ...... 20 4.3 Results ...... 21 4.3.1 Terrain ...... 22 4.3.2 Soil ...... 23 4.3.3 Agricultural Capability ...... 24 4.3.4 Soil Suitability for Reclamation ...... 25 4.4 Discussion ...... 27 4.4.1 Soil ...... 27 4.4.2 Agricultural Capability ...... 27 4.4.3 Soil Suitability for Reclamation and Handling ...... 28 4.4.4 Soil Suitability ...... 28 4.4.5 Soil Stripping ...... 28 4.4.6 Soil Stockpiling ...... 28 5. Vegetation ...... 33 5.1 Methods ...... 33 5.1.1 Desktop Review ...... 33 5.2 Characteristic Vegetation Communities ...... 33 5.2.1 Grassland Natural Region ...... 33 5.2.2 Parkland Natural Region ...... 33 5.2.3 Rocky Mountain Natural Region ...... 34 5.3 Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Vascular Plant Species and Environmentally Sensitive Communities ...... 35 5.3.1 Historical Records of Rare Plant Species ...... 35 5.3.2 Rare Species Descriptions ...... 36 5.3.3 Applicable Guidelines ...... 36 6. Wetlands ...... 38 6.1 Methods ...... 39 6.1.1 Desktop Review ...... 39 6.2 Existing Conditions ...... 39 6.2.1 Wetland Types ...... 40 6.3 Applicable Guidelines ...... 41 7. Wildlife ...... 42 7.1 Methods ...... 42 7.1.1 Desktop Review ...... 42 7.2 Existing Conditions ...... 42 7.3 Species at Risk ...... 42

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7.4 Key Range Layers ...... 47 7.5 Key Wildlife Layers ...... 47 7.6 Sensitive Species ...... 47 7.6.1 Birds ...... 47 7.6.2 Mammals ...... 50 7.6.3 Amphibians ...... 51 7.7 Wildlife Timing Guidelines ...... 51 7.7.1 General Guidelines ...... 52 7.7.2 Land Use Guidelines ...... 52 7.7.3 Migratory Bird Restrictions ...... 52 7.7.4 Alberta Provincial Wildlife Regulation ...... 53 8. Aquatic Resources...... 55 8.1 Desktop Review ...... 55 8.2 Environmental Setting ...... 55 8.3 Fish Community ...... 55 8.3.1 Water Body Classes and Restricted Activity Periods ...... 56 8.3.2 Fish Culture Stocking...... 57 8.3.3 Protected Species ...... 57 8.4 Mitigation Measures ...... 58 8.5 Potential Project Impacts ...... 58 9. Historical Resources ...... 60 9.1 Methods ...... 60 9.2 Existing Conditions ...... 60 9.2.1 Predicting Historical Resource Potential ...... 60 9.2.2 Archaeological Site Potential ...... 61 9.2.3 Environmental Setting...... 62 9.2.4 Cultural Setting ...... 62 9.2.5 Previously Recorded Historical Resources ...... 63 9.3 Mitigation Measures ...... 67 9.3.1 Archaeological Prediction Criteria Employed for the Sheep River Basin Study ...... 67 9.4 Summary ...... 68 10. Environmental Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 69 11. References ...... 71

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Study Area ...... 3

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List of Tables

Table 4-1: Summary of Suitability Classes for Land Suitability Rating System for Agricultural Crops (LSRS) ...... 16 Table 4-2: Description of LSRS Suitability Classes ...... 17 Table 4-3: Description of LSRS Subclasses (Limitation Type) ...... 18 Table 4-4: Soil Suitability Rating form Martin and Spiess (1987) ...... 19 Table 4-5: Definition of Landscape Surface Form. Slope Gradient, and Surface Form Modifiers for Sheep River Basin ...... 21 Table 4-6: Percent Area of Soil Series within Sheep River Basin ...... 23 Table 4-7: Sheep River Basin Dominant Soil Series, Subgroup, Parent Material, and Landform for each Soil Series ...... 24 Table 4-8: Percent Area of Suitability Classes and Limitation Types for Sheep River Basin Agricultural Region ...... 25 Table 4-9: Soil Suitability Rating for Soil Series within Sheep River Basin ...... 26 Table 4-10: Properties of Soil Series for Soil Handling Operations ...... 30 Table 5-1: Rare Species that have been Previously Identified within the Sheep River Basin ...... 37 Table 6-1: Wetland Type and Area within the Sheep River Basin ...... 40 Table 7-1: Documented and Potential Wildlife Species at Risk in the Sheep River Basin ...... 44 Table 7-2: Recommended Wildlife Timing Window Guidelines and Setback Distances within the Sheep River Basin ...... 54 Table 8-1: Fish Species that Occur in the Sheep River Basin ...... 56 Table 8-2: Number of Fish Introduced via Fish Culture Stocking in the Sheep River Basin ...... 57 Table 9-1: List of District Geographic Features Used in the Assessment of Archaeological Potential ...... 61 Table 9-2: List of Site Prediction Variables Used in the Assessment of Archaeological Potential ...... 62 Table 9-3: Total numbers of Historical Resources Sites within the Borden Blocks or Portions of Borden Blocks Encompassed by the Sheep River Basin (Table 1 and Figures F7-2 to F7-15 in Appendix F7) ...... 64 Table 9-4: List of previously located Historical Resources site types found in the Sheep River Basin (Table 1 Appendix F7) ...... 65

Appendices

Appendix F1. Protected Areas and Land Use Appendix F2. Terrain and Soils Appendix F3. Vegetation Appendix F4. Wetlands Appendix F5. Wildlife Appendix F6. Aquatic Resources Appendix F7. Historical Resources

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1. Introduction

The Sheep River Basin (the basin) is the primary tributary of Highwood River and is located within the Bow River Basin. The Sheep River catchment covers an area of approximately 159,400 hectares (ha). It begins in the valleys of Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park, flows through the Sheep River Provincial Park, carving deep canyons, producing pools and small waterfalls, and joins with the Highwood River eight kilometres (km) east of Okotoks. The Sheep River is bordered to the west by the Elbow Basin, to the north by Fish Creek, and by Highwood Basin to the north, east and south. The Sheep River is 107 km long, drains an area of 1,573 square kilometres (km2), and is the primary source of potable water for the Towns of Turner Valley, Okotoks, Black Diamond, and numerous farms and acreages in the surrounding area. Development in these areas has increased the demand on the river, driving improvements to water management (Bow River Basin Council 2010).

The Sheep River Basin falls within the Rocky Mountain, Parkland, and Grassland Natural Regions of Alberta, which are divided into the Alpine, Subalpine, Montane, Foothills Parkland, and Foothills Fescue natural Subregions.

1.1 Grassland Natural Region

The Grassland Natural Region includes the flat lands and rolling hills that contain grasses and shrublands, which make up the prairies. The Grassland Natural Region has long summers and warm winters. This Natural Region is the driest region within Alberta and includes some of the most productive croplands. The majority of water located in this natural region occurs as wetlands, rivers, and shallow lakes (Natural Regions Committee 2006). The boundaries of the Subregions within the Grassland Natural Region are not clearly defined due to few native vegetation communities. Instead, these boundaries were primarily delineated from soil characteristics and climate. The Foothills Fescue Subregion is the only Subregion within the basin belonging to the Grassland Natural Region.

1.1.1 Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion

The Foothills Fescue Subregion covers the easternmost portion of the basin and is characterized by grass dominated communities. This Subregion receives the most precipitation within the Grasslands Natural Region and has the highest elevation, which ranges from 800 metres (m) to 1500 m. This Subregion also has the warmest winters and shortest growing season of the Grassland Natural Region (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

1.2 Parkland Natural Region

The Parkland Natural Region has been extensively cultivated since the late 1800s and is considered to be the most densely populated Natural Region (Natural Regions Committee 2006). Croplands are highly productive with native vegetation restricted to islands of aspen and willows. Terrain within the Parkland Natural Region is generally level to gently undulating with hummocky to rolling terrain in the foothills. The climate within this Region is variable. The Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion is the only Subregion within the basin belonging to the Parkland Natural Region.

1.2.1 Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion

The Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion is characterised by rolling to hilly native grasslands. This Subregion has warmer winters due to Chinooks and high levels of precipitation, but has the shortest and coolest growing season (Natural Regions Committee 2006). Therefore, minimal cultivation occurs in the Subregion and it is covered primarily by native vegetation. Dry areas of the Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion support grasslands, while

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aspen and other woodland stands are found in cooler, moister areas. This Subregion contains less than 1% of open water (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

1.3 Rocky Mountain Natural Region

The Rocky Mountain Natural Region has the widest elevation range in all of Alberta (835 mm to over 3,600 m). This Natural Region is characterized by extreme slopes and rolling landscapes. It has the coolest summers, shortest growing season, and highest mean precipitation on average. The vegetation is heavily influenced by elevation, aspect, and substrate in the Cordilleran (an extensive area covering mountain ranges, basins, and plateaus) climate. The Rocky Mountain Natural Region contains a wide array of habitat types for wildlife, with most species-rich areas located at lower elevations. This Natural Region is subdivided into the Alpine, Subalpine, and Montane Natural Subregions, all of which occur within the basin (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

1.3.1 Montane Natural Subregion

The Montane Natural Subregion occurs at the lower elevations of the Front Ranges of the Rocky Mountains. This Subregion is important for mining and timber harvest and also provides vital habitat for wildlife (Natural Regions Committee 2006). The Montane Subregion is the driest and warmest Natural Subregion within the Rocky Mountain Natural Region. Summers are mild with high precipitation and winters tend to be warmer due to the frequency of Chinooks. Terrain is more complex than topography within the Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion, resulting in pronounced microclimates. These microclimates contribute to the complex vegetation communities and include coniferous forests, coniferous-deciduous forests, and grasslands (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

1.3.2 Subalpine Natural Subregion

The Subalpine Natural Subregion is higher in elevation than the Montane Subregion and lower than the Alpine Subregion. The Subalpine is primarily dominated by open coniferous stands and herbaceous meadows at higher elevations, with closed coniferous stands at lower elevations. Winters are long and cold and summers are short and cool. This Natural Subregion receives the second-most amount of year round precipitation (the Alpine Natural Subregion being the first) and provides important habitat for wildlife (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

1.3.3 Alpine Natural Subregion

The Alpine Natural Subregion is the highest elevation in Alberta and consists of all the areas above the treeline in the Rocky Mountains. The Subregion has a cold harsh climate, with long cold winters and short cold summers with the most precipitation. Snowfields and glaciers occur in this Subregion. Plant growth is found within microsites scattered across the lower elevations of the Alpine, while the highest elevations are essentially barren. The Alpine Subregion is largely protected by parks and wilderness areas.

This environmental overview report, which is an appendix to the Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Feasibility Study for the Sheep River Basin has been prepared by AECOM Canada Ltd. (AECOM) on behalf of the Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force. This report details an in-depth desktop review of all current environmental conditions within the Sheep River Basin. In addition, mitigation measures and restricted activity periods are described in order to avoid disturbances to sensitive areas and/or species at specific times throughout the year.

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Red Deer TURNER 546 È2 È VALLEY Banff Calgary È543 Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials: È23 SHEEP RIVER BASIN Medicine

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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community

5 0 5 10 km NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\OVERVIEW_FIGURES\WS_SHEEPRIVER_OVERVIEW.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

2. Regulatory Setting

2.1 Federal Legislation and Requirements

Any works associated with the Sheep River Basin would be subject to the following federal legislation: Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA), Fisheries Act, Navigable Waters Protection Act (NWPA), Migratory Birds Convention Act (MBCA), Species at Risk Act (SARA), and Canada Wildlife Act.

2.1.1 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act

The Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (the Agency) is the agency responsible for the administration of the regulations and legislation associated with the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (S.C. 1992, c.37; Government of Canada 2012a). Under the Act, an Environmental Assessment (EA) is required for projects that have been designated by regulation, Ministerial Order, or if the project is located on federal lands. The review process considers only those areas with federal jurisdiction, such as, Aboriginal peoples, fish and fish habitat (Fisheries Act), aquatic species (SARA), and migratory birds (Migratory Birds Convention Act). A Project Description is initially supplied to the Agency for initial comment. Upon initial review, the Minister of the Environment can refer a designated project to a review panel or joint review panel (joint with Alberta, for example, under the Canada-Alberta Agreement). It is important to note that the Minister may, however, designate a physical activity not identified in the Regulation if it has the potential to cause adverse environmental effects or if public concerns related to those effects warrant the decision.

2.1.2 Fisheries Act

The Fisheries Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. F-14; Government of Canada 2013a) applies to all Canadian fisheries waters and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) has the responsibility to administer and enforce the conservation and protection of fish habitat on private property, as well as on provincial and federal lands. Section 36(3) of the Fisheries Act prohibits the discharge of deleterious substances into a water body; Section 20(1) requires that any works conducted in and around a water body accommodate fish passage; and Section 35(1) prohibits serious harm to fish, which includes fish and fish habitat that are part of or support commercial, recreational, or Aboriginal fisheries. Serious harm is defined in the Fisheries Act as the death of fish, a permanent alteration to fish habitat, and/or the destruction of fish habitat.

DFO has established a self-assessment tool outlining project activities and criteria that do not require DFO review. DFO also provides Measures to Avoid Harm to Fish and Fish Habitat which are designed to avoid causing harm and comply with the Fisheries Act. If a project does not meet the criteria established by DFO to avoid serious harm to fish and effects cannot be mitigated, a Request for Review must be submitted for consideration by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans. If activities are determined to cause serious harm to fish, an Application for Authorization will be required that will include a fish and fish habitat report, available design information, a description of effects on fish and fish habitat, a description of measures and standards to avoid or mitigate serious harm to fish and an offsetting plan. The Application for Authorization must also include a letter of credit (from the proponent) to ensure that, if conditions of authorization are not completed, DFO can access funds to implement all remaining elements of the mitigation plan. The amount of the letter of credit should be sufficient to complete the offsetting plan and any required monitoring program.

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2.1.3 Navigable Waters Protection Act

The Transport Canada Navigable Waters Protection Program supports the regulation of works constructed or place in, on, over, under, through, or across, navigable waters in Canada in accordance with the NWPA (R.S.C., 1985, c. N-22; Government of Canada 2009). As part of the Federal Government’s 2012 Bill C-45, amendments were made to the NWPA, including implementation of a schedule listing major waterways for which regulatory approval is required. If the project is projected to commence construction after April 2014, when the amendments come into force, review will not be required by Transport Canada as the Sheep River is not included in the Schedule of the Act. The amendment to the act still allows proponents of works in non-scheduled waters to opt-in and seek approval of their proposed works. It is recommended that the proponent consult with Transport Canada if proposed works would significantly impact navigability.

2.1.4 Migratory Birds Convention Act

The MBCA (S.C. 1994, c.22; Government of Canada 2010a) and Migratory Birds Regulations (C.R.C., c.1035; Government of Canada 2013b) are administered by Environment Canada. Under the MBCA, Canadian Wildlife Service has jurisdictional interest with respect to the management of migratory birds and migratory bird populations, protecting nationally significant nesting habitats, and regulating the hunting of migratory game birds such as ducks and geese. Section 6(a) of the General Prohibitions of the Migratory Birds Regulations states that it is an offence to “disturb, destroy or take a nest, egg, or nest shelter” of a migratory bird. Additionally, Section 35(1) stipulates that “no person shall deposit or permit to be deposited oil, oil wastes or any other substance harmful to migratory birds in any waters or any area frequented by migratory birds”.

The MBCA and its associated regulation specify that efforts should be made to preserve and protect habitat necessary for the conservation of migratory birds. This includes nesting and wintering grounds, migratory bird corridors, and encompasses such activities as tree clearing, wetland consolidation, and temporary and permanent disturbances occurring in proximity to migratory bird habitat.

In the southern Parkland and Boreal ecozones of Alberta, Environment Canada advises that habitat destruction activities (e.g. vegetation clearing, flooding, draining, construction, etc.) in upland areas attractive to migratory birds are prohibited between May 1 and August 20. In wetland areas attractive to migratory birds, the window is between April 15 and August 20 (Paul Gregoire, Environment Canada, personal communication).

2.1.5 Species at Risk Act

The SARA (S.C. 2002, c.29; Government of Canada 2013c) provides protection for Canadian indigenous species, subspecies, and distinct populations and their critical habitats on federal lands, but does not apply to lands held by the Province of Alberta or its private citizens unless “the laws of Alberta do not effectively protect the species or the residences of its individuals”. The Minister may issue an order in council to protect federally listed species that occur on provincial or private lands, but this has not occurred within the basin.

2.1.6 Canada Wildlife Act

The Canada Wildlife Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-9; Government of Canada 2010b) establishes statutes in regards to the wildlife within Canada and all provinces and territories located therein. It defines the powers, duties, and functions of the Minister, as well as all agreements made under the Act. Endangered wildlife and acquisition of land are also regulated. It further stipulates that the government may take such measures as deemed necessary for the protection of any species of wildlife in danger of extinction.

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2.2 Provincial Legislation

2.2.1 Alberta Land Stewardship Act

The Sheep River Basin falls within the regional management area of the recently released “Draft South Saskatchewan Regional Plan 2012-2024” (SSRP; Government of Alberta 2014). The SSRP is developed under the Land Use Framework (LUF) mandated under the Alberta Land Stewardship Act (S.A. 2009, c. A-26.8; Government of Alberta 2009a). The purpose of the regional plan is to reconcile provincial policies and set regional outcomes and objectives as they relate to land use (Government of Alberta 2014). The SSRP outlines many objectives, some of which relate to the continued health and function of the river systems and water resources within the South Saskatchewan River watershed. Key objectives include:

 Continued use and review of the approved Water Management Plan for the South Saskatchewan River Basin, which sets limits on water resource allocation within the Bow Basin and sub-basins.  Implementation of the “Surface Water Quality Management Framework for the South Saskatchewan Region”. In this framework, water quality monitoring is compared against provincial guidelines and management responses are implemented when guidelines have been exceeded.  Development of a comprehensive approach for groundwater management.  Improvement of the management of wetland and riparian areas.  Minimization of sedimentation of water bodies by encouraging the use of best management practices.  Continued requirement of drinking water safety plans.  Continuous improvements to the water management infrastructure system.  Continued focus on the Water for Life strategy and its objectives.  Development of approaches to address the variability in climate across the region, which includes better understanding and planning of flood risk.  Creation of conservations areas to protect headwaters.  Continued focus on headwater management initiatives and collaboration with the watershed planning and advisory councils.

The SSRP also highlights objectives that promote ecological conservation initiatives including:

 Conserving and maintaining the benefits of biodiversity  Advancing conservation and integrated management of Crown land  Supporting and enabling stewardship and conservation on private lands  Advancing watershed management  Managing air quality through continued collaboration  Strengthening communities  Providing recreation and tourism opportunities, active living, and the preservation and promotion of the region’s unique cultural and natural heritage  Inclusion of aboriginal peoples in land-use planning

2.2.2 Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA)

Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (AESRD) is the provincial ministry responsible for the administration of the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA; R.S.A. 2000, c. E-12; Government of Alberta 2013a). This Act is one of the most faceted pieces of environmental legislation in Alberta.

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2.2.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessments

The EPEA covers the provincial Environmental Assessment Process. A Director appointed by the Minister is responsible for reviewing project summaries submitted by the proponents. This initial review process will determine if the project is Mandatory (requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report), Exempted (from the Environmental Assessment Process), or Discretionary (an EIA not required, but other approvals may be required, or more information is required for to make a determination). A list of Mandatory and Exempted activities can be found in the most recent Environmental Assessment (Mandatory and Exempted Activities) Regulation. Similar to the CEAA process, the Director may decide that the potential for environmental impacts warrant further consideration and can order an EIA to be undertaken for projects not listed as a Mandatory activity in the Regulation.

If an activity requires an EIA, the terms of reference are prepared by the proponent and are available to the public for comments and reviews. The finalized terms of reference will be the guidance document for the preparation of the EIA report. The completed and submitted EIA report is then reviewed by the Environmental Assessment Director, Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) or Natural Resources Conservation Board (NRCB), multidisciplinary and expert teams at AESRD, and if applicable, other federal agencies. Once the information gathering process is complete, the final review and approval process begins.

2.2.2.2 Other Components

Activities that do not fall under the Environmental Assessment Process may still require approval or registration under the EPEA. The Activities Designation Regulation lists activities that require an approval, registration, or notification under EPEA. In addition, there may be other activities that related to the follow (this is not a comprehensive list):

 Release reporting requirements (should a substance be released in the environment in a high enough concentration that may cause adverse effects)  Conservation and reclamation (for areas requiring a reclamation certificate)  Waste management and disposal  Remediation of contaminated sites (to follow Tier 1 and Tier 2 soil and groundwater remediation guidelines)

2.2.3 Natural Resources Conservation Board Act

The NRCB, established in 1991, is an agency independent from the Government of Alberta that reviews proposed non-energy natural resource projects (NRCB 2014). The NRCB, under the National Resources Conservation Board Act, considers social, environmental, and economic effects when reviewing resource projects before approval is granted to the Proponent (Government of Alberta 2013b). The Alberta Environment Protection and Enhancement Act (EPEA) sets which projects require Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and of those projects, EPEA determines which will also require a review by NRCB (NRCB 2007). Reviewable projects include forest industry projects, recreational or tourist projects, metallic or industrial mineral projects, water management projects and any other type of project prescribed in the regulations (Government of Alberta 2013b). If a water management project requires an EIA under EPEA, it automatically becomes an NRCB reviewed project as described in the Act. By definition, a “water management project” means: i) A project to construct a dam, reservoir or barrier to store water or water containing any other substance for which an environmental impact assessment report has been ordered, or ii) A project to construct a water diversion structure, or canal capable of conducting water or water containing any other substance for which an environmental impact assessment report has been ordered.

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2.2.4 Water Act

All water resources located within the province of Alberta are owned by the Provincial Government. AESRD administers the Alberta Water Act, which is the primary legislation governing the use and management of Alberta’s water resources, including wetlands. Alberta’s Water Act (R.S.A. 2000, c. W-3; Government of Alberta 2013c) requires approval and/or attainment of a license before undertaking construction in a surface water body or activities related to a water body which have the potential to impact the aquatic environment.

2.2.4.1 Water Act Codes of Practice

A notification to the department is required for activities that adhere to the Codes of Practice. There are four Codes of Practice that require notification:

 Code of Practice for Pipelines and Telecommunications Lines Crossing a Water Body  Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings  Code of Practice for the Temporary Diversion of Water for Hydrostatic Testing of Pipelines  Code of Practice for Outfall Structures on Water Bodies

2.2.4.2 Alberta’s Wetland Policy

AESRD released Alberta’s new Wetland Policy in September 2013 (Government of Alberta 2013c). This policy will be phased in during the summer of 2014. Until then, the “Wetlands Management in the Settled Area of Alberta – an Interim Policy” (1993) provides a framework to conserve wetlands within Alberta. In addition to conserving wetlands, this document also introduces the mitigation of wetland impacts as well as the enhancement, restoration, or creation of ephemeral wetlands. In 2007, the Alberta Government released the revised edition of the Provincial Wetland Restoration/Compensation Guide, which provides recommendations to achieve the policy’s goals, intent, objectives, and mitigation requirements.

The new wetland policy will apply to all wetlands in the province (no discrimination between wetlands located in the green versus white zone of Alberta) and will focus on conserving and minimizing wetland losses. Wetlands to be impacted will need to be evaluated by a Qualified Wetland Aquatic Environment Specialist (QWAES) using a standardized tool to determine Wetland Value. The score determined from the tool will be used in the decision making process in order to avoid, mitigate, or replace wetland losses. Wetland Value will also be used to determine wetland replacement/compensation ratios that are necessary for the Water Act approval process (Government of Alberta 2013d).

2.2.5 Public Lands Act

All Crown land, including the bed and shores of all permanent watercourses and water bodies, are considered Alberta public lands unless they are owned by the Government of Canada. As such, approvals from AESRD under the Public Lands Act (R.S.A. 2000, c. P-40; Government of Alberta 2013e) are required for any activity on Public Lands or the bed or shore of Crown owned rivers, streams, or lakes. A list of activities that require a Public Lands Act approval is available from the AESRD website. 2.2.6 Historical Resources Act

The Historical Resources Act (R.S.A. 2000, c. H-9; Government of Alberta 2013f) is administered by Alberta Culture. The Act protects all historical resources in Alberta, including paleontological, prehistoric, historic, archaeological, and

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certain cultural or natural objects, sites, or structures. Pursuant to the Act, a Historical Resource Clearance is needed for projects where effects on known and unknown historical resources could occur.

2.2.7 Wildlife Act

Alberta’s Wildlife Act (R.S.A. 2000, c. W-10; Government of Alberta 2013g) protects the residences of wildlife on private and public lands. More specifically, a person must not wilfully molest, disturb or destroy a house, nest, or den of certain species. Section 96 of the Wildlife Regulation (Government of Alberta 2013h) outlines the wildlife species, areas, and time of year when the Act applies. All endangered wildlife, upland game birds, some migratory birds, snake and bat dens, and beavers (in some instances) are a short species list of which Section 36 of the Act applies to. For most wildlife, disturbing the habitat of these animals is prohibited year-round throughout Alberta. AESRD staff may recommend timing restrictions on activities to minimize disturbance to the nest of breeding wildlife and birds. The Wildlife Act also protects endangered plant species (both vascular and non-vascular) listed in the Wildlife Regulation.

2.2.8 Provincial Parks Act

Alberta Tourism, Parks, and Recreation are responsible for administering the Provincial Parks Act (R.S.A 2000, c. P- 35; Government of Alberta 2013i). The Act protects Alberta’s parks and recreational areas and as such, a disposition from the Minister is required prior to any construction activities within designated areas.

2.2.9 Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas and Heritage Rangelands Act

The Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas and Heritage Rangelands Act (R.S.A. 2000, c.W-9; Government of Alberta 2009b) allows the Lieutenant Governor in Council to establish any of the specialized areas mentioned in its title. The collection, destruction and removal of plant and animal material, fossils and other objects of geological, ethnological, historical, and scientific interest is prohibited. Furthermore, fishing, hunting, littering, and starting fires are also prohibited.

2.3 Other Pertinent Regulatory-Related Information

The Sheep River Basin is part of the greater Bow River Basin. The Bow River Basin Council (BRBC) is a charitable organization consisting of multiple stakeholders working in collaboration to develop programs and activities to encourage recreation, education, and protection of the water within the watershed (Bow River Basin Council 2012). In 2012, the BRBC published its second phase of the Bow River Basin Watershed Management Plan which focuses on objectives related to land use, riparian lands, and wetlands, as well as headwaters and other hydrologically significant areas. More specifically, these objectives include:

 Improving the number of municipalities that require: o Best management practices for controls on sediment and erosion from new construction site with the overall goal of reducing sediment loading in water bodies o Use integrated land management to review permit applications o Integrate performance management during the land use decision making process  Establish no net loss of wetland and riparian areas and no net loss in the number of wetlands  Improve riparian function in areas that have been degraded  Improve the number of municipalities with wetland and riparian conservation management initiatives  Ameliorate the human impact in headwater regions

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 Improve the number of municipalities that have: o An inventory of all hydrologically significant areas o Apply conservation measures to those areas.  Effectively use integrated land management to ameliorate impacts from new linear developments

There may be various other minor Federal, Provincial, Municipal approvals or permits required for the project (e.g. burning permits, noise-bylaws, wildlife research permits, etc.). These can be determined once potential projects and locations are known.

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3. Protected Areas and Land Use

3.1 Parks

3.1.1 Provincial Parks

The Provincial Parks Act establishes Provincial Parks to preserve and protect Alberta’s natural heritage, promote the conservation of wildlife and plants, preserve natural features (that have geological, ecological, cultural, historical, archaeological, and paleontological importance), promote outdoor recreation and education, and guarantee protection of the land. The following activities are prohibited within provincial parks: the removal of any plant or animal life, the excavation or removal of archaeological or paleontological material, the introduction of invasive species, and the removal of natural material. Construction activities are restricted within Provincial Parks, but disposition may be granted under certain circumstances by the Minister.

There are three provincial parks within the Sheep River Basin: the Sheep River Provincial Park, Peter Lougheed Provincial Park, and the Brown-Lowery Provincial Park (Appendix F1, Figure F1-1). Sheep River Provincial Park has camping, cross country skiing, fishing, group use, hiking, horseback riding, ice skating, and mountain biking recreational opportunities (ATPR 2013a). Peter Lougheed Provincial Park has backcountry camping, campgrounds, and other outdoor recreational opportunities. Brown-Lowery Provincial Park has hiking and wildlife viewing recreational opportunities (ATPR 2013a).

3.1.2 Wildland Provincial Parks

Wildland Provincial Parks are specifically established to preserve and protect natural heritage while also providing opportunities for backcountry recreation (Alberta Tourism, Parks, and Recreation (ATPR) 2013). Wildland Parks are established through the Provincial Parks Act and governed according to the associated regulations, which restrict construction activities. Three Wildland Provincial Parks fall within the Sheep River Basin: the Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park, Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park, and the Don Getty Wildland Provincial Park (Appendix F1, Figure F1-1). Elbow-Sheep Wildland Provincial Park has backcountry camping, fishing, hiking, horseback riding, hunting, mountain biking, and rock climbing recreational opportunities (ATPR 2013a). Bluerock Wildland Provincial Park has backcountry camping, fishing, hiking, horseback riding, hunting, and mountain biking recreational opportunities. Don Getty Wildland Provincial Park has backcountry camping, fishing, hiking, hunting, mountain biking, and wildlife viewing recreational opportunities (ATPR 2013a).

3.1.3 Provincial Recreation Areas

Provincial Recreation Areas (PRAs) are established under the Provincial Parks Act to provide outdoor recreation and tourism for the residents and visitors of Alberta (ATPR 2013a). They provide recreational access to lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and adjacent crown land. Activities prohibited in Section 3.1.1 are also prohibited in PRAs. The Sheep River Basin is within the vicinity of five PRAs: Wolf Creek, Ware Creek, Ficher Creek, Mesa Butte, and North Folk (Appendix F1, Figure F1-1).

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3.2 Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas, and Heritage Rangelands

The Lieutenant Governor in Council has the ability to designate any Public Land as Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas, and Heritage Rangelands. The designation of these areas and their protection is legislated under the Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas, and Heritage Rangelands Act. The Minister may grant dispositions, under certain circumstances, within Natural Areas and Heritage Rangelands. Dispositions will not be granted for proposed activities in Wilderness Areas or Ecological Reserves.

3.2.1 Natural Areas

Natural Areas are established under the Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas and Heritage Rangelands Act (R.S.A. 2000, c.W-9; Government of Alberta 2009b). They are designed to preserve and protect sites of local significance while providing opportunities for low-impact recreation and nature-appreciation activities. These areas are typically small and have minimal to no facilities present (ATPR 2013a). The Sheep River Basin falls within two natural areas: the Threepoint Creek Natural Area and Sheep Creek Natural Area (Appendix F1, Figure F1-1). Both the Threepoint Creek Natural Area and the Sheep Creek Natural Area have hunting opportunities (ATPR 2013a).

3.2.2 Heritage Rangeland

The OH Ranch Heritage Range Land is within the Sheep River Basin (Appendix F1, Figure F1-1), which is located on public land leased by the OH Ranch. Public access to the heritage rangeland requires permission from the lessee (ATPR 2013a). The OH Ranch Heritage Rangeland is protected by the Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves, Natural Areas and Heritage Act (ATPR 2013a). As per the OH Ranch Heritage Rangeland Management Plan (Government of Alberta 2010), private land sections of Longview are placed under conservation easement, of which the Sheep River Basin falls within. The public land and private land will continue to be managed as one cohesive unit (Government of Alberta 2010). The OH Ranch Heritage Rangeland is a significant site in the Alberta Parks’ system that contributes to the protection of the traditional ranching operations over the past century and maintenance of the native grassland of the area (Government of Alberta 2010). The primary management objective of Heritage Rangelands is to sustain native rangelands, by maintaining grassland ecology, through the use of grazing (Government of Alberta 2010).

3.2.3 Ecological Reserves

There are no ecological reserves within the Sheep River Basin.

3.3 Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve

The Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve (RMFR), which was established under the Forest Reserves Act (S.A. 2000, c. F-20; Government of Alberta 2004), falls within the Sheep River Basin (Appendix F1, Figure F1-2). The RMFR was established to protect forest vegetation, as well as maintenance of watershed function and water yields within the reserve. This also acts as insurance to protect against soil erosion and minimize the danger of flash floods (Government of Alberta 1957). The RMFR is important for the economy of the surrounding region, as the area is utilized for timber harvest, grazing, scenery, fishing, and hunting (Government of Alberta 1957). In order to conduct any development and to clear trees within the RMFR, a permit is required from the Minister under the Forest Reserves Act.

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3.4 Key Range Layers

The Sheep River Basin falls within several Key Range Layers developed by AESRD (Appendix F1, Figures J1-3 and J1-4). Key Range Layers serve to provide industrial operators, the government, and the general public with the most up to-date information available on the extent of wildlife sensitivities (AESRD 2013a). Range layers in Alberta are based on the known or partial extent of a species’ range. Such information can assist with surveys for identification of a feature, or identify where mitigation strategies need to be applied (AESRD 2013a). The Sheep River Basin contains Key Range Layers for Sharp-tailed Grouse, sensitive raptor range, and endangered and threatened plants range (Limber Pine and Whitebark Pine; Appendix F1 Figures F1-3 and F1-4). Work should be limited between March 15th and June 15th due to the Sharp-tailed Grouse lekking (breeding) season.

3.5 Key Wildlife Layers

Key wildlife layers are based on areas that are important for the viability and productivity of Alberta’s wildlife, and mitigation strategies are used to maintain the intent of these areas (AESRD 2013a). These wildlife feature layers provide industry, government, and the public with the best information available on the range of wildlife sensitivities in the Province (AESRD 2013a). Specific operating procedures apply to industrial activities in these zones in order to reduce impacts to habitat and wildlife populations (AESRD 2013a). The key wildlife layers affected by this project are mountain goat and sheep, grizzly bear, colonial nesting birds (Great Blue Heron) and key wildlife and biodiversity zones (Appendix F1, Figure F1-5). Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones are intended to prevent loss and fragmentation of habitat, prevent short and long-term all-weather public vehicle access, prevent sensory disturbance during periods of thermal or nutritional stress on wildlife, and prevent the development of barriers to wildlife corridors (e.g. stream crossings). Typically, Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones are established along major river valleys (Appendix F1, Figure F1-5). These landforms have the topographic variation and site productivity conditions that yield high levels of biodiversity and good winter browse conditions with adequate cover (AESRD 2010a). As per the recommended wildlife land use guidelines (AESRD 2010a), timing restrictions of no construction between December 15th and April 30th are enforced due to the impacts on wildlife.

3.6 Eastern Slopes Land Use Zones

Eastern Slope Land Use Zones (ESLZ) were developed to protect, manage, or develop areas along the eastern slope of Alberta’s Rocky Mountains according to integrated resource management (Government of Alberta 1984). High demand for resources in the area (water, scenery, timber, forage, wildlife, fisheries, and mineral resources) created concern over environmental protection in the area and led to the development of A Policy for Resource Management of the Eastern Slopes in 1977 (Government of Alberta 1984). The policy outlines priorities for resource management, as well as more specific resource objectives in each regional plan. The ESLZ included within the Sheep River Basin area are two Prime Protection Zones, three Multiple Use Zones, three critical Wildlife Zones, and three General Recreation Zones (Appendix F1, Figure F1-6).

The intent of a Prime Protection Zone is to preserve environmentally sensitive terrain and valuable ecological and aesthetic resources for which this zone is highly valued. This can include high-elevation forests as well as steep slopes of the major mountain ranges within the Eastern Slopes. Bighorn sheep and mountain goats are found within this zone, as it contains numerous critical wildlife zones. Regional objectives considered compatible with this zone include those of watershed, fisheries, and wildlife management as well as recreational activities, as this zone contains the only suitable conditions for ski lift operations in the Eastern Slopes (Government of Alberta 1984).

Multiple Use Zones provide for the development and management of all available resources, while still meeting the objectives for protecting watershed function and environmental health in the long term (Government of Alberta 1984). This zone type accounts for 65% of the Eastern Slopes, excluding national parks. It is under heavy pressure

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from both private and resource development sources as it contains a variety of natural resources (e.g. water, timber, oil, gas, coal, scenic areas, forage, fish, and wildlife; Government of Alberta 1984). All regional objectives may be achieved within a multiple use zone by only allowing a small area to be disturbed by resource development at any one time. Commercial and residential development may occur on a limited basis as required (Government of Alberta 1984).

Critical Wildlife Zones protect both terrestrial and aquatic habitats that are vital to the maintenance of specific fish and wildlife populations. This can include areas that are important winter range, migration routes, and calving areas that are essential to species such as mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, and caribou, as well as spawning areas essential for salmonids. Restricted activities within this area include intensive recreation, commercial development, industrial development, residential subdivisions, and cultivation (Government of Alberta 1984).

General Recreation Zones preserve an array of natural environments within which various recreational activities may occur. This may include trail use, resource extraction, and some commercial development. The main goal of this zone is to maintain the environment so it can sustain various activities (Government of Alberta 1984).

3.7 Environmentally Significant Areas

Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs) represent places in Alberta that are important to the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, soil, water, or other natural processes, at multiple spatial scales. They are identified as areas containing rare or unique elements in the province or areas that include elements that may require special management consideration due to their conservation needs. ESAs do not represent government policy and are not necessarily areas that require legal protection, but instead are intended to be an information tool to help inform land use planning and policy at local, regional, and provincial scales (Government of Alberta 2009c). The ESAs within the Sheep River Basin fall within two different Natural Regions: Eight Rocky Mountain ESAs and three Parkland ESAs (Appendix F1, Figure F1-7).

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4. Terrain and Soils

4.1 Introduction

A desktop review of existing terrain and soil resources for the Sheep River Basin was performed for an area of 850 km2 (53% of the total basin area; Appendix F2, Figure F2-1). Terrain and soil resources within the basin were evaluated for current soil resources, agricultural capability, reclamation suitability, and potential soil handling limitations during site preparation and construction activities in the area.

4.2 Methods

The review of existing terrain and soil resources found within the Sheep River Basin were completed using existing reports, maps, and digital data. Potential impacts to terrain and soil resources were based on the correlation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the resource with known procedures during site preparation and construction operations.

Unmapped soil and terrain resources for the basin area were reviewed using a combination of satellite imagery and the association of soil series with landscape characteristics.

4.2.1 Soil

A review of existing soil resources within the basin was performed using a combination of existing reports (Alberta Soil Information Centre (ASIC) 2006; Wyatt et al. 1942; Turchenek and Fawcett 1994; MacMillan 1987; Pedocan Land Evaluations Ltd. 1993) and digital spatial data from the Alberta Soil Information Viewer (ASIC 2001) using ESRI ArcMap 10.1.

Soil characteristics within the basin were evaluated based on the dominant soil landscape model symbol for each polygon. The soil landscape model symbol combines the soil series name and landscape model to characterize the dominant characteristic for each polygon. The benefit of using the Alberta soil series classification system compared to the taxonomy of soil by subgroup level using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (Soil Classification Working Group 1998) is the merging of major soil formation factors, and the physical/chemical characteristics of a soil found in a specific geographical region of Alberta using a systematic approach.

The procedures used in the taxonomy of soil to the series level included:

 Identify geographic location — Use of Soil Correlation Area (SCA) map from Alberta Soil Names File Generation 3 User’s Handbook 2006 (ASIC 2006)  Classify soil to the subgroup level — Assess the morphology of soil using the Canadian System of Soil Classification  Classify parent material — Classification of parent materials according to mode of deposition, texture, and chemical characteristics using the Alberta Soil Names File Generation 3 User’s Handbook 2006

4.2.2 Soil Agricultural Capability

A general evaluation of the landscape within the Sheep River Basin using the Land Suitability Rating System for Agricultural Crops (LSRS; Agronomic Interpretations Working Group 1995) was utilized to help identify the current capability of land within the basin area for agriculture, since this rating system includes many of the factors that

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affect plant growth (Agronomic Interpretations Working Group 1995). This information can be used as one of the many tools used in the evaluation of land use for planning (Agronomic Interpretations Working Group 1995).

LSRS is a rating system for assessing land suitability for crop production and spring-seeded small grains (wheat, barley, and oats), as well as hardy oil seeds, such as canola and flax (Agronomic Interpretations Working Group 1995). The LSRS system was developed in response to the shortfalls of the Canadian Land Inventory (CLI): Soil Capability for Agriculture (Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act 1965). The rating system is based on suitability classes (Table 4-1), ranging from 1 to 7, based on the degree of land limitation for the production of spring seeded small grains and subclasses, based on the kind of limitation (temperature, moisture, etc.; Table 4-2 and 4-3).

Table 4-1: Summary of Suitability Classes for Land Suitability Rating System for Agricultural Crops (LSRS)

Suitability Index Points Limitations for Class Specified Crop* 1 80 to100 None to slight 2 60 to 79 Slight 3 45 to 59 Moderate 4 30 to 44 Severe 5 20 to 29 Very Severe 6 10 to 19 Extremely Severe 7 0 to 9 Unsuitable

*Limitations are for production of the specified crops. This does not imply that the land could not be developed for other crops or uses.

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Table 4-2: Description of LSRS Suitability Classes

Suitability Classes Class 1 Land in this class has no significant limitations for production of the specified crops. (80 to 100 index points) Class 2 Land in this class has slight limitations that may restrict the growth of the specified crops or require modified management practices. (60 to 79 index points) Class 3 Land in this class has moderate limitations that restrict the growth of the specified crops or require special management practices. (45 to 59 index points) Class 4 Land in this class has severe limitations that restrict the growth of the specified crops or require special management practices or both. This class is marginal for sustained production of the specified crops. (30 to 44 index points) Class 5 Land in this class has very severe limitations for sustained production of the specified crops. Annual cultivation using common cropping practices is not recommended. (20 to 29 index points) Class 6 Land in this class has extremely severe limitations for sustained production of the specified crops. Annual cultivation is not recommended even on an occasional basis. (10 to 19 index points) Class 7 Land in this class has extremely severe limitations for sustained production of the specified crops. Annual cultivation is not recommended even on an occasional basis. (10 to 19 index points)

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Table 4-3: Description of LSRS Subclasses (Limitation Type)

Subclass Limitation Description Climate (C): Temperature (H) This subclass indicates inadequate heat units for the optimal growth of the specified crops. Moisture (A) This subclass indicates inadequate moisture for the optimal growth of the specified crops. Soil (S): Water Holding Capacity/Texture (M) This subclass indicates land areas where the specified crops are adversely affected by lack of water due to inherent soil characteristics Soil Structure (D) This subclass indicates land areas where the specified crops are adversely affected either by soil structure that limits the depth of rooting or by surface crusting that limits the emergence of shoots. Root restriction by bedrock and by a high water table is considered separately (see Rock and Drainage). Organic Matter (F) This subclass indicates mineral soil with a low organic matter content in the Ap or Ah horizon (often considered a fertility factor). Depth of Topsoil (E) This subclass indicates mineral soil with a thin Ap or Ah horizon (often resulting from erosion). Soil Reaction (V) This subclass indicates soils with a pH value either too high or too low for optimum growth of the specified crops. Salinity (N) This subclass indicates soils with amounts of soluble salts sufficient to have an adverse effect on the growth of the specified crops. Sodicity (Y) This subclass indicates soils having amounts of exchangeable sodium sufficient to have an adverse effect on soil structure or on the growth of the specified crops. Use is restricted to reconstructed soils. Organic Surface (O) This subclass indicates mineral soils having a peaty surface layer up to 40 centimetres (cm) thick. Drainage (W) This subclass indicates soils in which excess water (not due to inundation) limits the production of specified crops. Excess water may result from a high water table or inadequate soil drainage. Organic Soil Temperature (Z) This subclass recognizes the additional temperature limitation associated with organic soils, particularly where the regional climate has less than 1600 Effective Growing Degree Days (EGDD). Rock (R) This subclass indicates soils having bedrock sufficiently close to the surface to have an adverse effect on the production of the specified crops. Degree of Decomposition or Fibre This subclass identifies organic soils in which the degree of decomposition of the Content (B) organic material is not optimum for the production of the specified crops. Depth and Substrate (G) This subclass indicates shallow organic soils with underlying material that is not optimum for the production of the specified crops. Landscape (L) Slope (T) This subclass indicates landscapes with slopes steep enough to incur a risk of water erosion or to limit cultivation. Landscape Pattern (K) This subclass indicates land areas with strongly contrasting soils and/or nonarable obstacles that limit production of the specified crops or substantially impact on management practices.

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In summary, Classes 1 to 3 are suitable for the sustained production of crops, with Class 4 land considered marginal. Classes 5 to 7 are not considered capable of supporting the sustained production of spring seeded small grains or hardy oil seeds using current recommended practices.

The percent (%) area of each suitability class within the Sheep River Basin was calculated by dividing the total area of the basin by the total area of each suitability class assigned to each polygon.

4.2.3 Soil Handling Issues

An inherent characteristic in the development of a soil under natural conditions is the horizontal segregation of soil layers or horizons with varying physical and chemical properties. It is important that during site preparation and construction activities in which soils of varying physical and chemical properties are segregated and stockpiled in order to replace these horizons back to the similar condition that existed before disturbance, and for future reclamation of the landscape.

Before site preparation and construction activities take place, it is important that the terminology used to describe soil resources at a proposed location is standardized between the pedologist, planner, and construction crews before stockpiling operations begin.

The typical physical (horizon thickness, color change to subsoil, etc.), and select chemical properties (organic carbon, pH, EC, Sat%, and SAR) for the dominant soil series within the Sheep River Basin was based on information from the Soil Series Information for Reclamation Planning in Alberta report (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd., 1993). This information provides recommendations in the planning of topsoil stripping and replacement operations, and possible limitations due to certain soil series characteristics.

4.2.4 Soil Suitability for Reclamation

The suitability of soil for future reclamation within the basin area is based on the known physical and chemical characteristics of the dominant soil series found in each polygon from the Soil Series Information for Reclamation Planning in Alberta (Pedocan Land Evaluation Ltd. 1993) and Soil survey of the Municipal District of Rocky View No.44, Alberta (excluding the Calgary urban perimeter; Turchenek and Fawcett 1994). These physical and chemical properties can be used in concert with soil quality guidelines to determine the range of soil suitability in the area for reclamation planning and evaluation based on criteria defined by the Soil Quality Criteria Relative to Disturbance and Reclamation (revised; SQC; Alberta Soils Advisory Committee 1987; Table 4-4).

Three categories of soil suitability are defined by the SQC, and one category for unsuitable areas (Table 4-4). The soil suitability rating relies upon a number of physical and chemical parameters, each of which is interrelated, such that the limiting parameter determines the overall soil suitability rating.

Table 4-4: Soil Suitability Rating form Martin and Spiess (1987)

Category Description Good (G) None to slight soil limitations that affect use as a plant growth medium. Fair (F) Moderate soil limitations that affect use but which can be overcome by proper planning and good management. Poor (P) Severe soil limitations that make use questionable. This does not mean the soil cannot be used, but rather careful planning and very good management are required. Unsuitable (U) Chemical or physical properties of the soil are so severe reclamation would not be economically feasible or in some cases impossible.

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Soil suitability criteria differs between the three regions of Alberta (Appendix B; Figure 1), due to unique differences inherent for each region with respect to existing topsoil and subsoil quality, and unique landscape characteristics. The geographical area of the three regions is defined and illustrated below:

 Plains Region which includes the Central Plains and Peace River Plains, and has a predominantly agricultural land use  Eastern Slopes Region which includes the Lower and Upper Foothills and the Rocky Mountains to the British Columbia border  Northern Forested Region which includes the remainder of the province

The Sheep River Basin is within both the Plains and Eastern Slopes regions of Alberta (Appendix F2, Figure F2-1).

4.2.5 Terrain

Landscape Model attribute data from the AGRASID database, soil survey reports, and satellite imagery was used to characterize the dominant landscape surface form, slope gradient, and surface form modifiers. It was also used to denote unique landform characteristics of each polygon within the agricultural area of the Sheep River Basin (Table 4-5; Appendix F2, Figure F2-2).

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Table 4-5: Definition of Landscape Surface Form. Slope Gradient, and Surface Form Modifiers for Sheep River Basin

Landscape Surface Description Slope Gradient Form U1l Undulating Nearly level (> 0.5 % to 2 %) U1h Undulating Nearly level to very gentle slopes (> 0.5% to 5 %) IUl Inclined and undulating of low relief Very gentle slopes (< 5 %) IUh Inclined and undulating of high relief Very gentle slopes (> 5 %) R2m Ridged (includes fluted terrain) of moderate relief Gentle to moderate slopes (Bedrock Controlled) (> 5 % to 15 %) R2h Ridged (includes fluted terrain) of high relief Moderate to strong slopes (Bedrock Controlled) (> 10 % to > 30 %) H1l Hummocky of low relief Very gentle to gentle slopes (> 2 % to 10 %) FP3 Confined floodplain, possibly terraced Nearly level to very gentle slopes (> 0.5% to 5 %) L3 Level and terraced, not within modern stream Nearly level to very gentle slopes channels (> 0.5% to 5 %) SC1h Valley with confined floodplain > 9 % side-slopes SC2 Wide valley with one or more terraces (coulees included) SC3 V-shaped valley with no terraces or l3h Inclined to steep, single slope landforms (ex. fans, Moderate to strong slopes aprons) of high relief (> 10 % to > 30 %) Surface Form Modifier c Channeled (< 50 cm, rill, re-occur at the same position year after year d Dissected (> 50 cm, gully, same position year after year)

4.3 Results

The Sheep River Basin encompasses the Foothills Fescue, Foothills Parkland, Montane, Sub Alpine, and Alpine natural sub regions (Natural Regions Committee 2006; Appendix F2, Figure F2-3). The Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion comprises 2.9% of the Sheep River Basin (Appendix F2, Figure F2-3), where approximately 50% of the Foothills Fescue natural Subregion is under cultivation (Natural Region Committee 2006). The presence of Black Chernozem soils (BLC) on cultivated land is what distinguishes this natural subregion from the other subregions (Natural Region Committee 2006).

Adjacent to the Foothills Fescue Subregion is the Foothills Parkland Subregion, representing 32% of the basin area (Appendix F2, Figure F2-3). Climatically, this sub region is more similar to the Foothills Fescue and Montane Natural Subregions than other Parkland Natural Sub regions (Natural Region Committee 2006). The short growing season restricts till cropping, resulting in the production of hay crops or the presence of native vegetation. Orthic Black Chernozems (O.BLC) soils are associated with grassland and open woodland vegetation areas, with topsoil (Ah) horizons > 15 centimetres (cm), while Orthic Dark Gray Chernozemic (O.DGC) soils are associated with

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forested areas (Natural Region Committee 2006). The well oxygenated soils found in moister areas of the lower tow slope positions and depressions are classified as moist Chernozems, rather than Gleysols, whereas wetter soil regimes which occur in poorly drained are classified as Gleysols (Natural Region Committee 2006).

The Montane Subregion represented 38.4% of the Sheep Basin area (Appendix F2, Figure F2-3), and is an important wildlife habitat, recreational, and domestic grazing land use (Natural Region Committee 2006). Due to its close vicinity to the Rocky Mountains and mild climatic conditions, urban development has increased at suitable locations within the subregion. Rolling and ridged terrain dominates the landscape in this natural subregion, and undulating terraces in major river valley bottoms. Orthic Black Chernozems is the dominant soil subgroup of the outside grassland perimeter of the Montane Subregion, and Orthic Dark Gray Chernozems dominant in wooded areas (Natural Region Committee 2006). Gray Luvisols are found in northern slope and higher elevation areas, and the occurance of bedrock exposures. Weakly developed soil, such as Eutric Brunisols and Orthic Regosols are located on the fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits in the valley and fluvial terraces adjacent to rivers and side slopes (Natural Region Committee 2006). In stable areas of the valley sides, Luvisols and Dystric Brunisols soil subgroups may be encountered.

Occurring along the midslope and lower slopes of the Front and Central Regions, the Subalpine sub region makes up 21.2% of the basin (Appendix F2, Figure F2-3). The Subalpine Natural Subregion provides important wildlife and recreational opportunities (Natural Region Committee 2006). Timber harvesting is an important activity in the subregion, however, low productivity and regeneration, coupled with steep slopes, makes harvesting difficult. The use of disturbed areas and native rangelands within this region are used for cattle grazing (Natural Region Committee 2006). Orthic Regosols and nonsoils are associated in areas with steep slopes, exposed bedrock, and colluvial deposits (Natural Region Committee 2006). Eutric and Dystric Brunisols occur within the forested regions and the coarse, often unstable parent materials over steeply sloping bedrock. Orthic and Brunisolic Gray Luvisols occupy 25% of the region, which have developed on the lower relief areas (Natural Region Committee 2006).

The Alpine Subregion represents 5.7% of the Sheep Basin area (Appendix F2, Figure F2-3) and is located within protected areas such as National Parks, Provincial Parks, and Wilderness Areas (Natural Region Committee 2006). This region is an important watershed, providing important wildlife habitat and recreation. The alpine subregion is characterized by a cold, harsh climate and steep unstable rock formations, active glaciers, and permanent snowfields (Natural Region Committee, 2006). The landscape is dominated by steep exposed bedrock landforms, with collovium surface materials present in over 40% of the area. Lateral and terminal moraines are associated with nearby glaciers (Natural Region Committee 2006). Weakly developed soils dominate areas with harsh climatic regimes and unstable parent materials. Dominant soils include Eutric Brunisols and Dystric Brunisols developed from acid loving vegetation. Regosols are common within this region, with Gleysols present in wet locations (Natural Region Committee 2006).

4.3.1 Terrain

Dominant landforms within the Sheep River Basin are varied, characterized by inclined and undulating landforms, valleys of confined floodplains and terraces, and low relief floodplains. Hummocky landforms of low to high relief (H1l,m; H5l,h; HR2m), with hummocky draped moraines over soft rock dominate the northwest area of the agricultural region and non-agricultural region (Appendix F2, Figure F2-4). The eastern area of the basin is dominated by inclined and undulating landforms of low to high relief (IUl, h), and within areas adjacent to existing tributaries. Undulating landforms of low to high relief (U1l, h) are located throughout the basin, with higher relief areas located in the west. Ridged landforms of moderate to high relief (R2m, h) are typical of the foothills parkland, montane, subalpine, and alpine subregions of the western region of the basin. The landforms associated with the tributaries includes confined floodplains (FP3), valleys with confined floodplains and steep side slopes (SC1), wide valleys with terraced floodplains (SC2), and steep v-shaped valleys (SC3) (Appendix F2, Figure F2-4).

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4.3.2 Soil

The coverage of digital soil maps for the Sheep River Basin is limited to the agricultural areas of the basin, which consists of a total area of approximately 850 km2 or 53% of the Sheep River’s basin area (Appendix F2, Figure F2-5). The agriculture area of the Sheep River Basin is dominated by the Orthic Black Chenozem (O.BLC) soil subgroup (Table 4-6). The Dunvargan soil series is the dominant soil series within the basin, comprising approximately 36% of the agricultural area (Table 4-6). The Fish Creek and Fish Creek-aa (O.BLC), and Spruce Ridge (O.GL) soil series comprises approximately 13% and 10% of the agricultural area (Table 4-6). The Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral (O.R.) soil series was found in approximately 7% of the basin area (Table 4-6). Small inclusions of the Beauvais, Elbow, Maycroft, Mesa Butte, and Sarcee, and Sarcee-aa soil series comprises a small proportion of the agricultural area (Table 4-6).

Table 4-6: Percent Area of Soil Series within Sheep River Basin

Soil Series Soil Subgroup % Area Beauvais (BVA) O.DGC 4 Dunvargan (DVG) O.BLC 36 Elbow (ELB) D.GL 4 Fish Creek & Fish Creek-aa (FSH & FSHaa) O.BLC 13 Maycroft (MFT) O.BLC 4 Mesa Butte (MSB) O.BLC 2 Spruce Ridge (SPR) O.GL 10 Sarcee & Sarcee-aa (SRC & SRCaa) O.BLC 5 Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral (ZUN) O.R 7 Other Minor Soil Series Not Listed N/A 15

Dunvaragan series soils were associated with inclined and undulating (IUh), ridged (R2m; bedrock controlled), undulating landforms of high relief (U1h), and hummocky draped moraines landforms (H5; Table 4-7). The Fish Creek and Fish Creek-aa soil series were associated with the Undulating landforms of high relief (U1h) and the Fish Creek-aa soil series variant was primarily associated with hummocky landforms of low relief (H1l; Table 4-7). The Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral soil series was associated with a variety of landforms, such as valleys of confined floodplains (SC1), wide valleys with one or more terraces (SC2), V-shaped valleys with no terraces or flood plains (SC3), inclined to steep, confined floodplains (possible terraced single slope landforms; e.g. fans, aprons; l3), inclined and undulating landforms (IU), and floodplains with inclined to steep, single slope landforms with exposed bedrock (Table 4-7).

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Table 4-7: Sheep River Basin Dominant Soil Series, Subgroup, Parent Material, and Landform for each Soil Series

Soil Series Name Parent Material Landform Beauvais (BVA) Dunvargan Till U1h, H5m, H5h, H5l, l3h, H1l, IUh, R2m Medium Textured Till (L to CL) Dunvargan (DVG) Dunvargan Till IUl, IUh, R2m, R2h, U1h, H5l, H5h, l3m, M1h, H1l, H1m Medium Textured Till (L to CL) Elbow (ELB) Fine textured (C, IUh, R2m, U1h, SC1h, SC1l SiC) water-laid sediments Fish Creek & Fish Creek-aa Fine textured (C, U1h, IUh, H1l (FSH & FSHaa) SiC) water-laid sediments Maycroft (MFT) Moderately fine U1h, IUh textured (CL, SCL, SiCL) sediments deposited by water Mesa Butte (MSB) Medium (not till) IUh, R2h over soft rock Spruce Ridge (SPR) Medium textured (L R2m, R2h, IUl, IUh, l3m, HR2m, H5h to CL) till Sarcee & Sarcee-aa (SRC & Medium textured (L, SC1h, SC3, FP3, l3l SRCaa) vfSL) sediments deposited by wind and water Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Undifferentiated SC1h, SC1l, SC2, SC3, IUh, l4h, FP3 Mineral (ZUN)

4.3.3 Agricultural Capability

Suitability classes transitioned from Class 2 to 6 from east to west (Appendix F2, Figure F2- 6). The agricultural region of the Sheep River Basin was analyzed using LSRS data from the AGRASID 3.0 database (Alberta Soil Information Centre 2001). Class 2 land suitability (slight limitation) with a temperature limitation comprised the lowest percent area of the agricultural area present at 4% (Table 4-8). Suitability Class 4 land (severe limitation), with temperature limitation, water holding capacity/texture limitation, and slope limitation comprised the largest area of 39% (Table 4-8). Suitability Class 3 land (moderate limitation), with subclass limitations of temperature, water holding capacity/texture limitation, and slope comprised approximately 26% of the agricultural region (Table 4-8). The final 32% of the agricultural area was rated as Suitability Class 5 land (severe limitation), with subclass limitations of temperature, water holding capacity/texture, and slope (Table 4-8).

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Table 4-8: Percent Area of Suitability Classes and Limitation Types for Sheep River Basin Agricultural Region

Suitability Class Subclasses (Limitation Type) Percent Area 2 Temperature Limitation (H) 4% 3 Temperature Limitation (H) 26% Water Holding Capacity/Texture Limitation (M) Slope Limitation (T) 4 Temperature Limitation (H) 38% Water Holding Capacity/Texture Limitation (M) Slope Limitation (T) Moisture (A) 5 Temperature Limitation (H) 32% Water Holding Capacity/Texture Limitation (M) Slope Limitation (T)

4.3.4 Soil Suitability for Reclamation

A majority of the Sheep River Basin’s topsoil suitability was rated as fair (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-7). A small area of topsoil was rated as good for suitability and was present in the eastern portion of the basin where the Academy series soil was the dominant soil series in the area (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-7). The majority of the basin’s soil suitability was rated as fair, with the Dunvargan soil series making up the largest area within the basin. Poor topsoil suitability was present in areas where the Birdseye (not in table), Frank, and Elbow soil series were located (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-7). The dominant soil series with poor suitability was the Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral series based on the Frank soil series (Table 4-9). The Spruce Ridge soil series was the dominant unsuitable soil series (Table 4-9). An unsuitable rating was rated for areas where the Lunderbreck, Birdseye, and Burmis soil series were dominant (Appendix F2, Figure F2-7).

The majority of the basins subsoil is rated as fair for suitability, where the dominant soil was the Dunvargan soil series (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-8). Other soil series within the basin rated as fair included Beauvais, Fish Creek, Sarcee, and Maycroft soil series. Poor soil suitability was rated for areas where Elbow, Frank, Fish Creek, Beauvais and Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral soil series were located (Table 4-9).

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Table 4-9: Soil Suitability Rating for Soil Series within Sheep River Basin

Soil Series Elbow Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Structure Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating LH 3 - 0 ------Ae 0 - 8 G P G G G P AB < 1 ------Bt1 8 - 26 P P F G P Bt2 26 - 71 P P P G P Ck 71 - unknown Beauvais Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH EC SAR Overall Rating

Ahe 0 - 13 G G G F G G F Ae 13 - 17 G G - P G G P Bt1 17 - 50 F G - P G G P Bt2 50 - 90 F F - P G G P BC 90 - 120 F G - P G G P Ck 120 - 130 F G - G G G F Fish Creek Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH EC Sat% SAR Overall Rating Ap 0 - 28 G F G G G F F (Topsoil) Bm 28 - 60 F F - G G F G P(Subsoil) Ck 60 - 110 F F - F G F G P(Subsoil) Sarcee Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating Ah 0 - 20 G F G G F (Topsoil) Bm 20 - 35 G G - G G (Subsoil) Ck 35 - 120 G G - F F(subsoil) Dunvargan Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating Ah1 0 - 14 G F G F F (Topsoil) Ah2 14 - 25 G F G F F (Topsoil) Bm 25 - 51 F F - G F (Subsoil) BC 51 - 70 F F - G F (Subsoil) Ck 70 - 95 F F - F F (Subsoil) Maycroft Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating Ap 0 - 7 G F G F F (Topsoil) Ah 7 - 24 G F G F F (Topsoil) Bm 24 - 58 F F - F F (Subsoil) Ck1 58 - 64 G G - F F (Subsoil) Ck2 64 - 90 G G - G G (Subsoil) Ck3 90 - 105 F F - F F (Subsoil) Spruce Ridge Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Consistence Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating LH 0 - 4 - - G - - Ae 4 - 19 G G G U U (Topsoil) Bt 19 - 94 F F P P (Subsoil) Ck 94 - 120 F F G F (Subsoil)

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Mesa Butte Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Coarse Texture pH Consistence Overall Rating Fragments (%) Ah 0 - 15 G G G G G Bm 15 - 60 G G G G G BC 60 - 115 G F G G F R ------Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral Series Horizon Horizon Depth (cm) Coarse Texture O.C. pH Overall Rating Fragments (%) Ah 0 - 7 P G G F P (Topsoil) Bm 7 - 33 P G G F P (Subsoil) BC 35 - 55 P G G P P (Subsoil) Ck 55 - 100 P G G P P (Subsoil)

4.4 Discussion

4.4.1 Soil

Dominant soil series observed within the Sheep River Basin were comprised of Orthic Black Chernozem (O.BLC), Orthic Gray Luvisol (O.GL), Dark Gray Luvisol (D.GL), and Orthic Regosol (O.R) soil subgroups. The Dunvargan soil series was the dominant soil series associated with the undulating and inclined landforms in the eastern most regions of the basin (Appendix F2, Figure F2-5). The Spruce Ridge, Beauvais, and Frank soil series were associated with the valley and ridged landforms in the western extents of the basin (Appendix B, Figure 5). The Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral Series (ZUN) soil series was the dominant series found along tributaries, with a variety of soil series identified along the floodplains and toe slopes of the tributaries (Appendix F2, Figure F2-5).

4.4.2 Agricultural Capability

The land suitability classes in the eastern region of the basin revealed slight to moderate limitations (Class 2 and Class 3) for the production of spring seeded small grains or heavy oil seeds (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-6). These are productive regions in the basin for agricultural production, and make up a small proportion of the basin area and associated with tributary flood plains, suitable climate regimes, vegetation, and suitable landforms (Appendix F2, Figures F2-4 and F2-6).

Severe limitations (Class 4) that restrict the growth of the specified crops or require special management practices comprises a significant area within the agricultural region of the basin (Table 4-9; Appendix F2, Figure F2-6). Class 4 is rated as marginal for the sustained production of spring seeded small grains or heavy oil seeds. This region is associated with the less suitable climatic conditions, high relief, and vegetation of the area (Appendix F2, Figure F2-4 and F2-6).

The western portion of the basin has very severe limitations where annual cultivation using common practices is not recommended for spring seeded small grains or heavy oil seeds (Appendix F2, Figure F2-6). The unmapped region of the basin is estimated to have very severe to extremely severe limitation and unsuitable land areas of land suitability Class 5 to 7, due to similar climate, terrain, and vegetation subclass limitation characteristics of the existing mapped Class 5 land areas.

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4.4.3 Soil Suitability for Reclamation and Handling

The stripping and stockpiling of soil resources prior to disturbance is an important step in the conservation and reclamation of terrestrial resources. The evaluation and rating of suitability for the topsoil (A horizon) and subsoil (B and C horizon) within the Sheep River Basin of the dominant soil series prior to the preparation of a development plan will help determine the potential suitability of topsoil and subsoil within the basin for salvage and reclamation. The interpretation of known soil properties for each soil series will help identify potential soil handling limitations during stripping and stockpiling, prior to site preparation and construction activities. A summary regarding topsoil and subsoil interpretations associated with soil salvage and soil handling operations for the dominant soil series was performed based on information provided by Soil Series Information for Reclamation Planning in Alberta (Pedocan Land Evaluations Ltd. 1993) (Table 4-10).

4.4.4 Soil Suitability

The suitability of soil across a large portion of the basin is rated as fair, with small areas of poor suitability to unsuitable topsoil (Appendix F2, Figure F2-7). In general, topsoil rated as fair suitability was associated with undulating and inclined to steep, single slope landforms (Appendix F2, Figure F2-4). Tributaries, ridged and undulating terrain of high relief were the landforms associated with a poor topsoil suitability rating (Appendix F2, Figures F2-4 and F2-7). Relative to the total area of the basin, only a small percentage of topsoil suitability was rated as good (Appendix F2, Figure F2-7). These areas were located on low relief flood plains adjacent to existing tributaries and undulating landforms within the Foothills Fescue ecological sub region (Appendix F2, Figures F2-3, and F2-4).

4.4.5 Soil Stripping

Based on topsoil and subsoil interpretations from Pedocan Land Evaluations Ltd (1993) for potential limitations during soil stripping activities, extra effort to strip the topsoil to reach the subsoil will be required in areas within the basin where Dunvargan (DVG) Fish Creek and Maycroft soil series were dominant (Table 4-10; Appendix F2, Figure F2-5). In addition, extra storage space for stockpiles will be required to accommodate the additional quantities of topsoil.

Thin to absent topsoil found along the tributaries and high relief areas of the Foothills Parkland, Montane, Subalpine, and Alpine ecological subregions will limit stripping activities due to the difficulties that large machinery will have in accurately stripping thin horizons off and future replacement. Soil series within the basin with thin to absent topsoil includes the Elbow, Mesa Butte, and Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral (ZUN and FRK) soil series (Table 4-10; Appendix F2, Figure F2-5).

The separation of topsoil from subsoil will be obvious for the majority of sites within the basin due to the contrasting black colors of the topsoil and yellowish brown subsoil typical of the Orthic Black Chernozem soil subgroup (Table 4-10).

4.4.6 Soil Stockpiling

The stockpiling and salvage of topsoil and subsoil is an important step in the conservation of soil. However, the potential for soil degradation during stockpiling can be significant if soil characteristics and potential risks are not included in the planning phase. A number of factors are responsible for the degradation of soil resources while stockpiled, with wind and water erosion being the primary concern.

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Before soil stockpiles or replaced soil are seeded they represent bare and unprotected soil. Therefore, risk ratings can be calculated and applied to various soil series based on typical soil properties of a series. The risk of wind erosion for the Dunvargan, Maycroft, and Spruce Ridge series soil is low, with the Dunvargan series representing typical soil characteristics for a significant area of the agricultural area within the basin (Table 4-10). Wind erosion risk is moderate for the Beauvis, Sarcee, Mesa Butte soil series (Table 4-10). The risk of wind erosion for soil series surrounding the tributaries are rated as high (Elbow, Fish Creek, and Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral), due to a high percentage of fine materials.

The soil series primarily associated with tributaries, Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral (ZUN), is at a high risk of water erosion for all slope classes (Table 4-10). The risk of water erosion for dominant soil series within the agricultural area is low for slopes ranging from < 5% to 9%, for Dunvargan, Sarcee, Fish Creek, and Beauvais soil series ratings (Table 4-10). The Spruce Ridge soil series is rated as moderate for < 5% to 9% slopes (Table 4-10). The Elbow soil series is rated as moderate for < 5% slope and at high risk for 5% to 9% slopes (Table 4-10). Moderate water erosion risk is associated with Beauvais, Fish Creek, Sarcee, Dunvargan, and Maycroft soil series for slopes of 9 to 15% (Table 4-10). There was high water erosion risk associated with Elbow, Spruce Ridge, and Mesa Butte soil series (Table 4-10).

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Table 4-10: Properties of Soil Series for Soil Handling Operations

Soil Series Elbow Series Topsoil Property Rating Subsoil Property Presence Typical Thickness: Absent Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: Absent Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: Absent Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : High Gravel Yes Water Erosion k=: 0.28 Stony layer Yes Risk on < 5% Slope: Moderate Face Instability Yes Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: High Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: High Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No Beauvais Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 15 cm Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: 12-25 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: None Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : Moderate Gravel No Water Erosion k=: 0.034 Stony Layer No Risk on < 5% Slope: Low Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Low Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: Moderate Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No Fish Creek Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 25 cm Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: 1540 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: Very thick Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : High Gravel No Water Erosion k=: 0.013 Stony Layer No Risk on < 5% Slope: Low Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Low Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: Moderate Saline or Sodic Lower subsoil No Important Texture Change No

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Sarcee Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 20 cm Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: 10-30 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: Not obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: None Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : Moderate Gravel: No Water Erosion k=: 0.032 Stony LAYER No Risk on < 5% slope: Low Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Low Solonetzic b Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: Moderate Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No Dunvargan Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 25 cm Seasonally High W.T. No Thickness Range: 15-35 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: Very Thick Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : Low Gravel Yes (DVG-aa) Water Erosion k=: 0.026 Stony Layer Yes (DVG-aa) Risk on < 5% Slope: Low Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Low Solonetzic B horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: Moderate Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No Maycroft Series Topsoil property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical thickness: 25 cm Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: 15-35 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: OBVIOUS Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: Very Thick Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : Low Gravel No Water Erosion k=: 0.032 Stony Layer No Risk on < 5% Slope: Low Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Low Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: Moderate Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No IMPORTANT Texture Change No Spruce Ridge Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 15 cm Seasonally High W.T. No Thickness Range: 10-20 cm Hard Bedrock No Color Change to Subsoil: OBVIOUS Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: NONE Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : LOW Gravel No Water Erosion k=: 0.059 Stony Layer No Risk on < 5% Slope: MODERATE Face Instability No Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: MODERATE Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: HIGH Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No

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Mesa Butte Series Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: 7 cm Seasonally High W.T. Unknown Thickness Range: 0-7 cm Hard Bedrock Yes Color Change to Subsoil: Not Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock Unknown

Stripping Limitations: Very Thin Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : Moderate Gravel Yes Water Erosion k=: K=0.21 Stony Layer Yes Risk on < 5% Slope: Moderate Face Instability Yes Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: Moderate Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: High Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No Miscellaneous Undifferentiated Mineral Topsoil Property Property Subsoil Property Property Typical Thickness: <10 cm Seasonally High w.t. No Thickness Range: VERY THIN Hard Bedrock No

Color Change to Subsoil: Not Obvious Non-Sodic Softrock No Stripping Limitations: Very thin Sodic Softrock No Wind Erosion Risk : High Gravel Yes Water Erosion k=: Unknown Stony Layer Yes Risk on < 5% Slope: High Face Instability Yes Risk on 5 - 9% Slope: High Solonetzic B Horizon No Risk on 9 - 15% Slope: High Saline or Sodic Lower Subsoil No Important Texture Change No

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5. Vegetation

The objective of this desktop review was to determine the environmental conditions as related to the vegetation ecology that exists within the Sheep River Basin. 5.1 Methods

5.1.1 Desktop Review

A review of existing site information was conducted using the following literature sources:

 Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS)  Publically available datasets from GeoDiscover Alberta, Geogratis, and/or Geobase  Reference maps, including the outline of the Sheep River Basin  Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta (Natural Regions Committee 2006)  Other relevant literature sources such as previous biophysical reports

5.2 Characteristic Vegetation Communities

The Sheep River Basin covers a large area from the prairie regions near the town of Okotoks to its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains. The watershed includes five natural subregions: Foothills Fescue, Foothills Parkland, Montane, Alpine, and Subalpine (Appendix F3, Figure F3-1). The vegetation communities within each natural subregion are briefly discussed below.

5.2.1 Grassland Natural Region

5.2.1.1 Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion

The Foothills Fescue (FF) natural subregion is located within the grassland natural region of Alberta. Of all the grassland subregions, it has the highest overall elevation. Nearly half of the FF is cultivated level plains and much of the upland areas in the southern district are dominated by native prairie. The following prairie species differentiate the FF from other subregions within the grassland natural region: mountain rough fescue (Festuca campestris), Parry oat grass (Danthonia parryi), and bluebunch fescue (Festuca idahoensis). More specifically, mountain rough fescue was generally found in remnant prairie areas. Herbs commonly found throughout this subregion include: silvery perennial lupine (Lupinus argenteus), sticky purple geranium (Geranium viscosissimum), three-flowered avens (Geum triflorum), pasture sagewort (Artemisia frigida), and goldenbean (Thermopsis rhombifolia). Shrubs such as buckbrush (Symphoricarpos occidentalis), silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata), prickly rose (Rosa sp.), and Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia) are also commonly found in moderately well drained and moist areas. Riparian zones along rivers generally support balsam poplar, aspen (Populus tremuloides), and plains cottonwood (Populus deltoids). Poorly drained, depressional areas support moisture tolerant species including willows (Salix sp.), sedges (Carex sp.), and tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa; Natural Regions Committee 2006).

5.2.2 Parkland Natural Region

5.2.2.1 Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion

The Foothills Parkland (FP) natural subregion is located just west of the FF subregion and has a topography consisting of rolling to hilly terrain. Grassland areas similar to those identified in the FF are often found on dry west

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or south-facing slopes while aspen stands tend to occur on cooler and moister, east or north-facing slopes. These aspen stands generally have understories of snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), silverberry, white meadowsweet (Spiraea betulifolia), prickly rose, Saskatoon, and other herbs. In moister areas, balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) is more common while white spruce (Picea glauca) or Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) are found occasionally. In areas where soils are imperfectly drained, dense thickets of beaked willow (Salix bebbiana) dominate the tall shrub canopy with wild red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), wild white geranium (Geranium richardsonii), and other forbs makeup the understory (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

5.2.3 Rocky Mountain Natural Region

5.2.3.1 Montane Natural Subregion

The montane natural subregion occurs within the lower elevations of the Central Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains and extends into the major valleys within the Central Main Ranges. This area, in general, has mild summers and warm winters largely due to Chinook winds that bring warm Pacific air into Alberta. The variability in terrain, particularly aspect, creates many microclimates. As a result, vegetation communities within this subregion can be variable and complex. Open stands of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) and Douglas fir occupy the uppermost slopes with characteristic understories comprised of ground juniper (Juniperus communis), bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), and mountain rough fescue. Dry south or west-facing slopes at lower elevations are often dominated by bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), mountain rough fescue and sedges. In moderately dry areas, these slopes may consist of forests of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Douglas fir, aspen, and white spruce, or grasslands consisting of mountain rough fescue, bluebunch fescue, and Parry oatgrass. High elevation areas within the moister central mountain valley district are primarily dominated by stands of young lodgepole pine with secondary instances of mixedwood or Douglas fir forests. In the moister foothill region, Douglas fir, aspen, lodgepole pine, and white spruce dominate the forest canopy (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

5.2.3.2 Subalpine Natural Subregion

In terms of elevation, the subalpine natural subregion is located below the alpine and above the montane subregions. Summers are generally short and cool, while winters are long and cold. While the alpine subregion receives the most year-round precipitation, the subalpine subregion receives the second-most precipitation than any other subregion in Alberta. The vegetation characteristics within this subregion can be subdivided into two zones: the lower subalpine zone and the upper subalpine zone. Within the lower subalpine zone, lodgepole pine forests with understories of bearberry and hairy wild rye (Leymus innovatus) dominate dry south and west-facing slopes. Mesic sites in this zone are dominated by lodgepole pine, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and subalpine fir (Abies bifolia). Fire is a common disturbance in this zone and as such, lodgepole pine stands are often young and dense. In very moist to wet areas, sedge fens, dwarf birch (Betula pumila)-tufted hairgrass, and/or Engelmann spruce-horsetail (Equisetum spp.) communities are common. In the upper subalpine zone, Engelmann spruce- subalpine fir forests are common and as a result of wetter conditions stands in this zone, are more mature than those found in the lower counterpart zone. Understory species such as heather (Phyllodoce sp.), mountain-heather (Cassiope spp.), willow, grouseberry (Vaccinium scoparium), and feather mosses are common. Located in the higher in elevations, near the tree-line, open stands of subalpine larch (Larix lyallii), whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), subalpine fir, and Engelmann spruce are common (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

5.2.3.3 Alpine Natural Subregion

The alpine subregion includes high elevation areas that include areas above the tree-line. Precipitation is high in these areas and winters are long and very cold, while summers are short and cold. Similar to the sub-alpine zone,

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the alpine zone is subdivided into three different vegetation communities based on elevation and environmental conditions. The community in the upper zone is sparsely vegetated due to the harsh climate and if vegetated, then only lichens occur on the exposed bedrock. The vegetation communities within the middle zone, which is slightly lower in elevation than the upper zone, are dependent on the snowpack amounts. Drier areas that are exposed to wind tend to have low growing vegetation communities consisting of white mountain avens (Dryas octopetala), bog sedge (Kobresia myosuroides), and alpine fescue (Festuca brachyphylla). Areas of average snowpack commonly have dwarf shrub-heath communities while mountain-heather communities occur in imperfectly to moderately well drained areas. Black alpine sedge (Carex nigricans)-forb communities occur in areas receiving a deep snowpack where soils are poorly draining. Alpine meadows and/or willow-bog birch (Betula gladulosa) shrublands are common in seepage areas. In general, the lower zone consists of willow, dwarf or bog birch, and island regions of krummholz (particularly Engelmann spruce or subalpine fir; Natural Regions Committee 2006).

5.3 Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Vascular Plant Species and Environmentally Sensitive Communities

In Alberta, there are several ways that a plant could be considered a rare species. A particular species is considered rare when:

 It is listed “Endangered” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) and protected federally by the Species at Risk Act (SARA; Government of Canada 2013c).  It is considered “Endangered” or “Threatened” by the Endangered Species Conservation Committee (ESCC) and is protected by the Alberta provincial Wildlife Act (Government of Alberta 2013g).  The Alberta Native Plant Council (ANPC) and Alberta Conservation Information Management System (ACIMS) have determined that the species, “because of its biological characteristics or for some other reason, exists in low numbers or is in very restricted areas of Alberta” (ANPC 2012). Although species listed in ACIMS are not protected by any federal or provincial legislation, information regarding their abundance and distribution is submitted voluntarily and is collected and stored in the ACIMS database.

5.3.1 Historical Records of Rare Plant Species

In total, 37 historical records of vascular and non-vascular rare plant species were found within the Sheep River Basin. A detailed list of these rare species can be found in Table 5-1. Figure F3-2 in Appendix F3 illustrates the locations of these rare species records within the Sheep River Basin. Overall, there are few rare species records within the basin and mapped rare species were generally in the vicinity of watercourses. This may not necessarily indicate that rare species have a tendency to occur in these areas, as it may simply be a reflection of the locations that tend to be surveyed more often than others.

Limber pine is a rare species that is protected under the Alberta Wildlife Act. Appendix F3, Figure F3-2 illustrates the range of this pine species, which is based on habitat, the interpolations of actual observations, and then buffered by 1,000 m (AESRD 2013b). Similarly, the range of the whitebark pine (although no physical observations occur within the Sheep River Basin) extends through the westernmost portion of the Sheep River Basin (Appendix F3, Figure F3-2).

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5.3.2 Rare Species Descriptions

5.3.2.1 Limber Pine

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is considered endangered in Alberta under the Alberta Wildlife Act and regulation. Although this species is widely distributed in the western United States, in Canada, it exists only in pockets within the Montane subregion of Alberta. Typically, this species is found on dry and windswept rocky ridges as well as on steep south or west-facing slopes. It is a short tree (< 15 m) and due to the harsh climate it is often found in, it can develop a krummholz growth form. As its name suggests, the limber pine has very flexible young branches. It is a pioneer species that reproduces from seeds born from cones that are most often dispersed by birds and/or rodents. More specifically, the Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), is a primary seed dispersal agent for this species. The Clark’s nutcracker will collect seeds from the cones, transport, and store them in a shallow underground cache. Often, the Clark’s nutcracker never returns to its cache sites and as such, the seeds are left to germinate. The population of limber pine in Alberta has been in decline largely because of mortality caused by white pine blister rust, an exotic and invasive fungus. The population has also been impacted by the mountain pine beetle infestation, which killed many individuals during the 1980’s (ASRD 2007a).

5.3.2.2 Whitebark Pine

The whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is considered endangered in Alberta under the Alberta Wildlife Act and Regulation as well as SARA. This species is generally restricted to high elevation areas in Alberta, British Columbia, and the northwestern United States. In Alberta, it can be found on dry south and west-facing slopes and occurs from tree line down to closed subalpine forests within Alpine and Subalpine subregions. This species is a small to medium tree (5 to 20 m) that can live up to 500 years or more in undisturbed areas. This species only reproduces from cones and surprisingly reaches sexual maturity relatively late at the age of 25 to 30. Similar to limber pine, the whitebark pine relies heavily on the Clark’s Nutcracker to disperse and cache its seeds in the soil. Populations of whitebark pine in Alberta have been in decline primarily due to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire suppression, and climate change (ASRD 2007b).

5.3.3 Applicable Guidelines

Setback distances are required by both federal and provincial governments for rare plant species designated under the federal Species at Risk Act, as well as the provincial Wildlife Act. For provincially designated rare plant species, a minimum setback distance of 30 m is required for low and medium level disturbances and 300 m for high level of disturbance activities (AESRD 2011a). For federally designated rare plant species, Class 1 disturbances (e.g. walking or grazing) are considered unrestricted activities, Class 2 (e.g. above-ground transmission lines, mowing, etc.) require a minimum setback of 30 m, while Class 3 disturbances (e.g. pipelines, ROWs, excavations, etc.) require setback distances of at least 300 m (Canadian Wildlife Service 2011).

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Table 5-1: Rare Species that have been Previously Identified within the Sheep River Basin

Scientific Name Common Name ESRD SARA Alberta Srank4 Grank4 Species at Risk1 Status2 Wildlife Act3 Aeshna constricta Lance-tipped Darner - - - S1S2 G5 Amblyodon dealbatus MOSS Sensitive - - S2 G3G5 Aulacomnium androgynum little Groove Moss Sensitive - - S2 G5 Bryum algovicum Moss Secure - - S2 G4G5 Buellia concinna Button Lichen - - - S1 GNR Calypogeia muelleriana Liverwort - - - S2 G5 Campanula uniflora Alpine Harebell Sensitive - - S2 G4 Carex preslii presl Sedge May Be At Risk - - S2 G4 Cephaloziella hampeana Liverwort - - - S1 G5 Collema undulatum var. Jelly Flakes - - - S2S3 G4G5TNR granulosum Coscinodon cribrosus Sieve-Toothed Moss May Be At Risk - - S1 G3G4 Didymodon fallax Fallacious Screw Moss Sensitive - - S2 G5 Drepanocladus crassicostatus Brown Moss Undetermined - - S2 G3G5 Endocarpon tortuosum Stippled Lichen - - - S2 GNR Erigeron flagellaris Creeping Fleabane May Be At Risk - - S1S2 G5 Festuca minutiflora Tiny-Flowered Fescue Sensitive - - S2 G5 Grimmia alpestris Alpine Grimmia Moss Undetermined - - S2 G3G5 Grimmia donniana Donian Grimmia Moss Secure - - S2 G4G5 Hygroamblystegium tenax Moss Undetermined - - S2 G5 Hypnum procerrimum Moss Sensitive - - S2 G4 Lecanora subintricata Rim-Lichen - - - S2S4 G3G5 Limprichtia cossonii Moss Undetermined - - SU GU Lycaena phlaeas Little Copper - - - S2 G5 Melanelia stygia Camouflage Lichen Secure - - S2S4 G4G5 Mnium ambiguum Moss Sensitive - - S2 G5 Packera contermina Arctic Butterweed Secure - - S3 G3G4 Philonotis marchica Moss Sensitive - - S1 G5 Pinus flexilis Limber Pine May Be At Risk - Endangered S2 G4 Psora nipponica Butterfly Scale Secure - - S2 G4G5 Rhizocarpon pusillum Map Lichen - - - S1? G3G5 Silene involucrata Alpine Bladder Catchfly May Be At Risk - - S1S2 G5 Sisyrinchium septentrionale Pale Blue-eyed Grass Sensitive - - S3 G3G4 Splachnum sphaericum Globe-fruited Splachnum Undetermined - - S2 G3G5 Moss Staurothele areolata Rock Pimples - - - S1 G4G5 Stereocaulon rivulorum Snow Foam Lichen Sensitive - - S2 G5 Thrombium epigaeum Epigeal Clot Lichen - - - S2 G4G5 Xylographa vitiligo White-Spotted Woodscript - - - S2 G4G5 Lichen 1. Alberta Wild Species General Status Listing – 2010 (ASRD 2012) 2. Species at Risk Public Registry (Government of Canada 2012b) 3. Species listed as endangered or threatened in the Alberta Wildlife Regulation associated with the Alberta Wildlife Act (Government of Alberta 2013g) 4. NatureServe (2013) rankings as listed in ACIMS (ATPR 2013b)

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6. Wetlands

Wetlands are defined as areas on land whereby soils have been saturated with water long enough to promote the growth of hydrophytic vegetation, alter soil composition, and enable other biological activities associated with wet and/or aquatic environments (Government of Alberta 2013d). Wetlands provide a number of ecosystem services such as water filtration, storage of water during flood events, sequestration and storage of CO2, and provide quality habitat for amphibians, fish, birds, and mammals. In addition, wetlands also provide social benefits. These include non-consumptive uses such as for recreational and educational purposes or consumptive uses such as for fishing, hunting, or as a water source (Bond et al. 1992; Government of Alberta 2013d). In Alberta, wetland management is regulated under Section 36 of the Water Act (Government of Alberta 2013c). As such, a Water Act approval will be required prior to any works that may result in impacts wetlands.

The Sheep River Basin falls within the regional management plan of the recently released “Draft South Saskatchewan Regional Plan 2012 - 2024” (Government of Alberta 2014). The purpose of the regional plan is to reconcile provincial policies and set regional outcomes and objectives as they relate to land use (Government of Alberta 2014). The draft plan emphasizes the importance of wetlands within the South Saskatchewan Region and as such will continue to support wetland management under the Alberta Wetland Policy. Furthermore, the plan encourages municipalities to incorporate watershed planning when evaluating land use applications. The draft plan outlines the following requirement and recommendations for municipalities as they relate to wetland areas:

 Municipalities will aim to diminish the negative effects on water resources by incorporating measures outlined by the draft plan  Key water resource features should be mapped out by Municipalities, including wetland areas  Land-use patterns must be appropriate for those areas surrounding water resources  Impacts at both the local scale and watershed scale must be considered  The protection of identified water resources must be considered  To reduce future flood risks, developments currently within the flood hazard area should be assessed for long term re-development  Public access and enjoyment of water features should be facilitated to the extent possible  Where appropriate, municipal planning should be supported by guidance from water and watershed planning initiatives

The Sheep River Basin is part of the greater Bow River Basin. The BRBC is a charitable organization consisting of multiple stakeholders working in collaboration to develop programs and activities to encourage recreation, education, and protection of the water within the watershed (Bow River Basin Council 2012). In 2012, the BRBC published its phase two of the Bow Basin Watershed Management Plan, which identified wetland and riparian areas as key priorities that need attention. The key measurable objectives of the plan are:

 No further net loss of wetland area  No further net loss of wetland numbers  Percentage of municipalities within the Bow Basin that have wetland conservation guidelines or policies

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The following are a list of strategies and recommended actions put forward within the Plan to achieve desired outcomes using the measureable objectives mentioned above:

 Wetland conservation and management policies and bylaws should be developed based on no further loss of wetland areas and tools and strategies should be created in order to measure and implement, within municipal boundaries, no net loss  Wetland conservation restoration and management guidelines should be created. Policies and/or bylaws should be developed based on no additional loss of wetland areas and creation of strategies and tools for measuring and executing no net loss within agricultural areas  Finalize the provincial wetland policy and release document  Host workshops with experts to: o Identify areas of high priority within the basin for future wetland and riparian inventories o Outline an approach to be used to identify all significant wetland and riparian lands within the basin o Decide if additional management actions are needed  Maintain the efforts to restore and/or reclaim lost or degraded wetlands  In order to maintain and protect important wetland and riparian areas, work between landowners/key stakeholders and land trusts should continue  Best management practices should be applied to all wetland and riparian lands  A single wetland classification system should be finalized and released for use throughout Alberta  Present workshops to increase awareness of existing conservation and management tools regarding wetlands.  Create a strategy to target the loss of wetland in agricultural areas  Continue with research into groundwater recharge and how wetland function relates to it, as well as surface water quantity relationships in wetland functions (Bow River Basin Council 2012)

6.1 Methods

6.1.1 Desktop Review

A review of existing site information was conducted using the following literature sources:

 Publically available datasets from GeoDiscover Alberta, Geogratis, and/or Geobase o Alberta Canadian Wetland Classification System (CWCS) Merged Wetland Inventory (AESRD 2012a) o 2005 Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta  Reference maps, including the outline of the Sheep River Basin  Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta (Natural Regions Committee 2006)  Other relevant literature sources such as previous biophysical reports

Wetland areas within each subregion in the Sheep River Basin were determined from the Alberta CWCS wetland inventory mentioned above using ArcGIS (ESRI 2012).

6.2 Existing Conditions

Wetland data exists for the portions of the Sheep River Basin that fall within the grassland and parkland natural regions, as well as the lower portions of the montane subregion of the Rocky Mountain natural region therefore, data was available for approximately half (53%) of the Sheep River Basin. The wetland dataset acquired from AESRD identified wetland areas that were classified using CWCS (National Wetlands Working Group 1997). More specifically, permanent or semi-permanent mashes and/or open water bodies are the only two wetland types that are mapped within the Sheep River Basin (Appendix F4, Figure F4-1). Calculated wetland areas within each subregion can be found in Table 6-1.

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Table 6-1: Wetland Type and Area within the Sheep River Basin

Foothills Fescue 315 Marsh 315

Foothills Parkland 1181

Marsh 1050 Open Water 131 Montane 44 Marsh 16

Open Water 27

Other 1 Total 1540

6.2.1 Wetland Types

6.2.1.1 Marsh

Marshes are shallow wetlands that are prone to fluctuating water levels due to influxes of water (largely from precipitation and surface runoff) and evaporative fluxes. Marshes are minerotrophic wetlands that have a tendency to be dominated by graminoid species. Hydrophytic species common to marshes include rushes, reeds, grasses, sedges, as well as shrubs (namely willows; National Wetlands Working Group 1997). Species composition in marshes is often grouped in concentric patterns around the deepest portion of the wetland. These species groupings are based gradient, water depth, frequency of drawdowns or disturbance, and water chemistry (National Wetlands Working Group 1997).

Marsh wetlands found within the grassland natural region can also be classified using the Stewart and Kantrud (1971) wetland classification system for the glaciated prairie region. This classification system accounts and separates the wetland classes based on the concentric species patterns mentioned above. However, for simplicity and for the purpose of this report, only the Canadian Wetland Classification System (CWCS) will be discussed.

6.2.1.2 Open Water

Open water wetlands (or shallow water wetlands) are wetlands that are in transition between being seasonally wet and being deep permanent water bodies, such as lakes. These wetlands are generally permanently flooded and typically have a depth of water that is less than 2 m. The open water portion of the wetland usually accounts for 75% of the water body. Groundwater is generally responsible for the influx of water into this type of wetland (National Wetlands Working Group 1997)

6.2.1.3 Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion Wetlands

Wetland areas are common in depressions and landscape lows across the Foothills Fescue natural subregion. Marshes are generally the most common type of wetland in the area, especially in the level prairie portions of the subregion. Wetlands are less common in the more hilly foothills area.

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6.2.1.4 Foothills Parkland Natural Subregion Wetlands

Open water and marsh do occur within this subregion, but they are less common than in the grassland natural region. Wetlands are generally uncommon in the foothills area. Wetlands frequently tend to occur in seepage areas on lower slope positions.

6.2.1.5 Montane Natural Subregion Wetlands

Wetlands are generally rare within the montane subregion due to the complexity in terrain. Marshes and open water wetlands that do occur tend to be found within low-lying floodplains of rivers. Seepage areas can also give rise to rich calcareous fens.

6.2.1.6 Subalpine Natural Subregion Wetlands

Wetlands are generally uncommon within this subregion due to terrain complexity. The wetland inventory dataset does not extend into this subregion and as such, wetland areas could not be determined for the purpose of this study. If wetlands do occur within this subregion, they tend to be found in valley bottoms. Seepage is common along lower valley slopes (Natural Regions Committee 2006).

6.2.1.7 Alpine Natural Sub-Region Wetlands

Similar to the subalpine subregion, wetlands tend to be uncommon in the alpine subregion due to complexity in terrain. If wetlands occur, they tend to be very small in size. The wetland dataset also excludes this subregion in its inventory and as such, wetland areas could not be determined.

6.3 Applicable Guidelines

Wetland management in Alberta is regulated through Section 36 of Alberta’s Water Act. Therefore, a Water Act approval is required prior to any works that may impact a wetland. Compensation for wetland impacts may be required under the Water Act and the Public Lands Act. Section 2.2.3.2 provides details of the new Wetland Policy that will be implemented in summer 2014, which should be used for future development planning (Government of Alberta 2013d).

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7. Wildlife

The objective of the desktop review was to determine the existing environmental conditions pertaining to wildlife and wildlife habitat within the Sheep River Basin. The following section summarizes the findings with regards to wildlife and wildlife habitat.

7.1 Methods

7.1.1 Desktop Review

Information about the Sheep River Basin area was obtained through a review of the relevant literature for the site:

 Fisheries and Wildlife Management Information System (FWMIS)  Reference maps of the Sheep River Basin and surrounding area  Relevant regulatory publications  Publically available Wildlife Sensitivity Datasets (AESRD 2013a)  Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta (Natural Regions Committee 2006)  Relevant literature and electronic sources as described in Section 7.3

7.2 Existing Conditions

The Sheep River Basin covers an area of approximately 159,400 ha. Figure F3-1 in Appendix F3 depicts the area of the Sheep River Basin and illustrates the extent of the Natural Subregions. Several wildlife species are known to occur within the highly diverse and complex mosaic of habitats founds within the Sheep River Basin. A list of possible wildlife species and records of previously detected species within the Sheep River Basin is provided in Table 1 in Appendix F5.

7.3 Species at Risk

A Species at Risk refers to a species officially designated at either the federal or provincial legislation level. Potential Species at Risk within the Sheep River Basin were compiled from FWMIS data provided by AESRD. The FWMIS dataset included several bird, mammal, amphibian, and reptilian observations. In addition to the FWMIS dataset, range distributions of potential species that could occur within the Sheep River Basin were determined from the following resources: the Birds of North America online database (Poole 2005), the North American Mammals online database (Smithsonian 2014), the New Stokes Field Guide to Birds Western Region (Stokes and Stokes 2013), the Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Western North America (Sibley 2011), Western Reptiles and Amphibians (Stebbins 2003), Mammals of North America (Reid 2006), and Mammals of Alberta (Pattie and Fisher 1999).

Based on provincial distributions and the presence of available wildlife habitat, a total of 77 Species at Risk (55 birds, 13 mammals, five amphibians, and four reptiles) have the potential to occur within the Sheep River Basin. These species, along with their provincial species code, and their rankings are listed in Table 7-1. The locations of documented Species at Risk within the Sheep River Basin (provided by AESRD) are illustrated in Figures F5-1 to F5- 6 (Appendix F5).

In the Sheep River Basin, six species are ranked under SARA (Government of Canada 2013c) as ”Special Concern”, five species as ”Threatened”, and one species as ”Endangered”. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) (COSEWIC 2013) lists twelve species as ”Special Concern”, six species as ”Threatened”, and two species as ”Endangered”. Under the Alberta Wildlife Act (Government of Alberta 2013g)

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and associated Wildlife Regulation (Government of Alberta 2013h), four species are ranked as “Threatened” and two are listed as ”Endangered”. A total of six species are listed in Alberta at the general status level (AESRD 2011b) as “At Risk” and five are listed as “May Be At Risk”. In Alberta, the provincial general status level ranking serves to identify species that should be considered for designation as a Species at Risk under the Alberta Wildlife Act (Table 7-1).

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Table 7-1: Documented and Potential Wildlife Species at Risk in the Sheep River Basin

Common Name Scientific Name Species AESRD1 COSEWIC2 SARA3 Alberta Schedule Code Wildlife Act4 Birds

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus AMBI Sensitive - - - -

American Kestrel Falco sparverius AMKE Sensitive - - - -

American White Pelecanus erythrorhynchos AWPE Sensitive Not at Risk - - - Pelican Baird’s Sparrow5 Ammodramus bairdii BDSP Sensitive Special No Status - No Schedule Concern Bald Eagle5 Haliaeetus leucocephalus BAEA Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula BAOR Sensitive - - - -

Barn Swallow5 Hirundo rustica BRSW Sensitive Threatened No Status - No Schedule

5 Barred Owl Strix varia BAOW Sensitive - - - -

Bay-breasted Dendroica castanea BBWA Sensitive - - - - Warbler5 Black Tern5 Chlidonias niger BLTE Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

Black-backed Picoides arcticus BBWO Sensitive - - - - Woodpecker Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus BNST Sensitive - - - -

Brewer’s Sparrow Spizella breweri BWSP Sensitive - - - -

Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus BWHA Sensitive - - - -

Brown Creeper Certhia americana BRCR Sensitive - - - -

Burrowing Owl5 Athene cunicularia BUOW At Risk Endangered Endangered Endangered Schedule 1

Cape May Warbler5 Dendroica tigrina CMWA Sensitive - - - -

Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana CLNU Sensitive - - - -

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor CONI Sensitive Threatened Threatened - Schedule 1

Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas COYE Sensitive - - - -

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe EAPH Sensitive - - - -

Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis FEHA At Risk Threatened Threatened Endangered Schedule 1

Golden Eagle5 Aquila chrysaetos GOEA Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

Great Blue Heron5 Ardea herodias GBLH Sensitive - - - -

Great Gray Owl5 Strix nebulosa GGOW Sensitive Not At Risk - - -

Green-winged Teal5 Anas crecca GWTE Sensitive - - - -

Harlequin Duck5 Histrionicus histrionicus HADU Sensitive - - - -

Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus HOGR Sensitive Special No Status - No Schedule Concern Least Flycatcher5 Empidonax minimus LEFL Sensitive - - - -

Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis LESC Sensitive - - - -

Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus LOSH Sensitive Threatened Threatened - Schedule 1 excubitorides Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus LBCU Sensitive Special Special - Schedule 1 Concern Concern Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis NOGO Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

Northern Harrier5 Circus cyaneus NOHA Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

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Northern Pintail5 Anas acuta NOPI Sensitive - - - -

5 Northern Pygmy-owl Glaucidium gnoma NPOW Sensitive - - - -

Olive-sided Contopus cooperi OSFL May Be At Risk Threatened Threatened - Schedule 1 Flycatcher Osprey5 Pandion haliaetus OSPR Sensitive - - - -

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus PEFA At Risk Special Special Threatened Schedule 1 Concern Concern Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps PBGR Sensitive - - - -

Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus PIWO Sensitive - - - -

Prairie Falcon5 Falco mexicanus PRFA Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

Purple Martin Progne subis PUMA Sensitive - - - -

Rusty Blackbird5 Euphagus carolinus RUBL Sensitive Special Special - Schedule 1 Concern Concern Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis SACR Sensitive - - - -

Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus STGR Sensitive - - - -

5 Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus SEOW May Be At Risk Special Special - Schedule 1 Concern Concern Sora5 Porzana carolina SORA Sensitive - - - -

Sprague’s Pipit Anthus spragueii SPPI Sensitive Threatened Threatened - Schedule 1

Swainson’s Hawk5 Buteo swainsoni SWHA Sensitive - - - -

Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator TPSW At Risk Not at Risk - Threatened -

Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda UPSA Sensitive - - - -

Western Grebe Aechmophorus WEGR Sensitive - - - - occidentalis Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana WETA Sensitive - - - -

Western Wood- Contopus sordidulus WWPE Sensitive - - - - pewee5 Mammals

American Badger Taxidea taxus taxus BADG Sensitive Special Concern No Status - No Schedule

Bobcat Lynx rufus BOBC Sensitive - - - -

Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis CALY Sensitive Not At Risk - - -

Fisher Martes pennanti FISH Sensitive - - - -

5 Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos GRBE At Risk Special Concern No Status Threatened No Schedule

Hoary Bat5 Lasiurus cinereus HOBA Sensitive - - - -

Little Brown Bat5 Myotis lucifugus LBBA Secure Endangered No Status - No schedule

Long-tailed Weasel5 Mustela frenata longicauda LTWE May Be At Not At Risk - - - Risk Red Bat Lasiurus borealis REBA Sensitive - - - -

Red-tailed Chipmunk Neotamias ruficaudus RTCH Sensitive - - - -

Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans SHBA Sensitive - - - -

Water Vole Microtus richardsoni WAVO Sensitive - - - -

Wolverine5 Gulo gulo WOLV May Be At Special Concern No Status - No Schedule Risk Amphibians

Columbia Spotted Frog5 Rana luteiventris SPFR Sensitive Not at Risk - - -

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Long-toed Salamander Ambystoma LTSA Sensitive Not at Risk - - - macrodactylum Northern Leopard Frog5 Lithobates pipiens NLFR At Risk Special Concern Special Threatened Schedule 1 Concern Western Tiger Ambystoma mavortium TISA Secure Special Concern No Status - No Schedule Salamander5 Western Toad5 Anaxyrus boreas BOTO Sensitive Special Concern Special - Schedule 1 Concern Reptiles

Plains Garter Snake Thamnophis radix WPGS Sensitive - - - -

Prairie Rattlesnake5 Crotalus viridis PRRA May Be At - - - - Risk Red-sided Garter Thamnophis sirtalis RSGS Sensitive - - - - Snake5 Wandering Garter Thamnophis elegans WGSN Sensitive - - - - Snake5 Notes: 1 = AESRD 2011b, 2 = COSEWIC 2013, 3 = Government of Canada 2012b, 4 = Government of Alberta 2013h, 5 = FWMIS species documented within the Sheep River Basin

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7.4 Key Range Layers

The Sheep River Basin falls within two Key Range Layers: the Sharp-tailed Grouse Range and the Sensitive Raptor Range (Appendix F5, Figure F5-1). Sensitive Raptors include the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos; AESRD 2013a).

7.5 Key Wildlife Layers

Key Wildlife Layers that exist in the Sheep River Basin include the following: the Grizzly Bear Zone, Mountain Goat and Sheep Areas, Colonial Nesting Birds, and the Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones. Colonial Nesting Birds include the Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) and the American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos; AppendixF5, Figure F5-1.

7.6 Sensitive Species

Sensitive species refers to wildlife species that fall under one or more of the following criteria: (1) species that are legally listed under the provincial Wildlife Act and/or under SARA as ”Endangered” or ”Threatened”, (2) species that are designated as a Species of Special Concern via the provincial detailed status assessment or SARA, and (3) species that are ranked as ”At Risk”, “May Be At Risk”, or ”Sensitive” by Alberta’s general status assessment process (Government of Alberta 2013j). Sensitive species are easily disturbed by human activity, noise, or visual impacts.

For the purpose of this report, only species with the potential to occur within the Sheep River Basin and are ranked as either “Endangered”, “Threatened”, or “Special Concern” under provincial and federal legislation (i.e. Alberta Wildlife Act and SARA) are briefly discussed below. Details concerning their conservation, habitat, threats, and presence within the Sheep River Basin are highlighted. However, it is important to recognize the importance of other provincially listed species, particularly those listed in the Wildlife and Range Layers that will be sensitive to disturbance.

7.6.1 Birds

7.6.1.1 Burrowing Owl

The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) is federally listed by SARA as ”Endangered” under Schedule 1 and is designated as ”Threatened” under Alberta’s Wildlife Act. Burrowing Owls are migratory birds known to breed in the open prairies of Alberta, specifically within the Grassland Natural Region (ASRD and ACA 2005). In Alberta, the Burrowing Owl population has shown a steep and continual population decline from 243 breeding pairs in 1991 to approximately 35 to 57 pairs between 2003 and 2010 (AESRD 2012b). Threats to the species include habitat loss and modification, mortality of adults on the breeding grounds, low productivity, mortality on migration or wintering grounds, human disturbance, and industrial development (AESRD 2012b). Within the Sheep River Basin, a total of seven Burrowing Owl records were identified from data provided by AESRD dating back to 1989 - 1990. All sightings were located within the Foothills Fescue and Foothills Parkland Subregion (Appendix F5, Figure4 F5- ).

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7.6.1.2 Common Nighthawk

Under federal legislation (SARA) the Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) is listed as “Threatened” under Schedule 1. The Common Nighthawk is a migratory bird, which occurs in all Canadian provinces/territories, with the exception of Nunavut, and has a breeding range that includes all of North America (COSEWIC 2007a). This species has the potential to occur within all natural regions in Alberta, but it is most commonly found in the Grassland Natural Region (Federation of Alberta Naturalists 2007). Important breeding habitat includes open areas where the ground is lacking vegetation, such as forest clearings, burned areas, beaches, peat bogs, rocky outcrops, prairies, and pastures (COSEWIC 2007a). The population of Common Nighthawks in Canada is showing a significant long-term decline (1968 to 2005) of 4.2% per year (COSEWIC 2007a). The most prevalent threat to the species is habitat loss and alteration; specifically, reforestation, fire suppression, intensive agriculture, and the reduction of flat gravel covered rooftops (COSEWIC 2007a). No records of Common Nighthawk were found not identified within the FWMIS dataset for the Sheep River Basin. However, this sensitive species is likely to occur within the area.

7.6.1.3 Ferruginous Hawk

Under Alberta’s Wildlife Act the Ferruginous Hawk is listed as “Endangered”, and is federally listed by SARA as “Threatened” under Schedule 1. The Ferruginous Hawk is a migratory bird of prey that is strongly associated with native grasslands and the Grassland Natural Region in Alberta (AFHRT 2009). Between 1992 and 2000, a severe population decline occurred within the province (AFHRT 2009). In 2010, there were approximately 643 breeding pairs in Alberta. Although the population had stabilized since 2000, the number of breeding pairs is still significantly lower than in 1992 (Moltzahn 2010). Threats to the Ferruginous Hawk include habitat loss and alteration, pest control on and loss of habitat for their prey species, lack of elevated nest sites, and cumulative impacts of industrial and infrastructure developments (AFHRT 2009). The Ferruginous Hawk was not documented in FWMIS records within the Sheep River Basin, but there is potential for the species to exist within the area.

7.6.1.4 Loggerhead Shrike

The Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides) is federally listed under SARA as “Threatened” under Schedule 1. The species’ preferred habitat is open grassland with interspersed shrubs for nesting. It is predominantly found in the Grassland Natural Region of Alberta (Prescott and Bjorge 1999). Populations within the province have been declining since the 1950s (Prescott 2009). The 2008 Loggerhead Shrike survey reported an estimated 7,721 breeding pairs within Alberta, a 7.3% decline from values reported in the 2003 survey (Prescott 2009). Threats to the Loggerhead Shrike population are largely uncertain, but may include conversion of native habitat to cultivated land, reduction of prey species, and human disturbance (Prescott and Bjorge 1999).

7.6.1.5 Long-billed Curlew

Federally, the Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) is listed by SARA as a species of “Special Concern” under Schedule 1. Long-billed Curlews are migratory birds known to primarily breed in short-grass or mixed-grass prairies within the Grassland Natural Region. However, there are some breeding records within the Parkland region (Hill 1998). Long-term declines are thought to be the result of loss of habitat and overhunting in the 1800s. Although their numbers are greater in Alberta than anywhere else in Canada, Long-billed Curlews may be at risk of declining in Alberta due to reduced habitat quality caused by drought, and slow population growth. These birds are known to have low reproductive outputs and suffer from heavy predation resulting in a naturally slow-growing population (Hill 1998). The Long-billed Curlew was not documented within the FWMIS data, but it is possible for the species to exist within the Foothills Fescue Natural subregion of the Sheep River Basin.

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7.6.1.6 Olive-sided Flycatcher

The Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) is federally listed under SARA as “Threatened” under Schedule 1. It is a migratory bird that breeds throughout much of forested Canada and in the western and the northeastern United States (COSEWIC 2007b). Within Alberta, the Olive-sided Flycatcher is commonly found in the northern and central regions, as well as the Rocky Mountain and Foothills Natural Region in the south (Federation of Alberta Naturalists. 2007). It prefers open areas with tall trees or snags to perch on, with forested habitat typically consisting of coniferous or mixed-coniferous (COSEWIC 2007b). The species has shown a significant and widespread decline throughout North America and Canada, with a 4% annual decline from 1968 to 2006 (COSEWIC 2007b). The limiting factors and threats to the Olive-sided Flycatcher are largely uncertain, but may be related to habitat alteration on their breeding or wintering grounds (COSEWIC 2007b). The Olive-sided Flycatcher was not identified within the FWMIS dataset for the Sheep River Basin, but there is potential for the sensitive species to occur within all natural regions of the basin. There are probable and confirmed breeding records in the area (Federation of Alberta Naturalists 2007).

7.6.1.7 Peregrine Falcon

Under Alberta’s Wildlife Act, the Peregrine Falcon is designated as “Threatened” and is federally listed by SARA as a species of “Special Concern” under Schedule 1. Peregrine Falcons are migratory birds that are known to nest on cliffs or banks along major river systems. The majority of the Alberta population is found within the Parkland Natural Region. This population has increased from one pair in 1991 to 12 pairs in 2001 (Corrigan 2002). Threats to the species include pesticide pollution, hunting, and human disturbance (APFRT 2005). No FWMIS observations of the Peregrine Falcon were identified within the Sheep River Basin dataset, but there is potential for the sensitive species to exist within all Natural Regions of the basin.

7.6.1.8 Rusty Blackbird

Under federal legislation (SARA) the Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is listed as “Special Concern” under Schedule 1 and is provincially listed as “Sensitive”. The preferred habitat of the Rusty Blackbird is wet coniferous forests, specifically peat bogs, swamps, slow-moving streams, beaver ponds, and pasture edges (COSEWIC 2006). Within Alberta, the species is commonly found in the Boreal Forest, Parkland, and Foothills Natural Regions (Federation of Alberta Naturalists 2007). Globally, 70% of the breeding population is located within Canada (COSEWIC 2006). Analyses has shown a significant decline in the population, with a 5.1% annual decline from 1966 to 2006 (COSEWIC 2006). The Rusty Blackbird is not protected in Canada under the federal Migratory Birds Convention Act (Government of Canada 2010) and is often controlled as a pest. Main threats to the population include the conversion of wetlands into developed lands and bird control programs in the southeastern United States (COSEWIC 2006). One FWMIS record for the Rusty Blackbird was identified within the Sheep River Basin. The observation was within the Foothills Fescue Natural Subregion and fell within the Sensitive Raptor Range and the Sharp-tailed Grouse Survey Area (Appendix F5, Figure F5-4). The recorded wildlife observation was of a reproductively mature adult, indicating the species could possibly be breeding in the area.

7.6.1.9 Short-eared Owl

The Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) is federally listed by SARA as a species of “Special Concern” under Schedule 1. This species is a nomadic owl known to breed in all non-mountainous Natural Regions of Alberta (Clayton 2000). The Short-eared Owl nests on the ground, most often in mixed-grass prairies. Nesting selection is predominately determined by abundance of prey in an area. Specific surveys have not been completed for the Short-eared Owl, but Breeding Bird Surveys suggest a long-term population decline in the province (Clayton 2000).

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Threats to the species include habitat loss and degradation, food abundance, and pesticide use (Clayton 2000). Five Short-eared Owl records were detected within the FWMIS dataset for the Sheep River Basin. Figure F5-5 in Appendix F5 illustrates the recorded locations. All but one sighting were documented within the Sensitive Raptor Range and Sharp-tailed Grouse Area, with a number of sightings concentrated near Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones. All observations were within the Foothills Fescue or Foothills Parkland Natural subregions.

7.6.1.10 Sprague’s Pipit

The Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii) population of the Canadian prairies (including Alberta) is federally listed as “Threatened” under Schedule 1 of SARA and is provincially listed as “Sensitive”. The Alberta population is considered to be one of the highest density populations of the pipit, but the Alberta population has been experiencing a decline of 9.4% per year since 1996 (Government of Canada 2012b). The Sprague’s Pipit population decline has been attributed to anthropogenic habitat alteration and habitat loss from the farming industry. The Sprague’s Pipit is a migratory bird that inhabits native grassland and requires habitat where grass lengths provide suitable cover. As such, cultivated lands do not provide a suitable alternative habitat for the species (Government of Canada 2012b; Prescott 1997). No FWMIS observations of the Sprague’s pipit were identified within the Sheep River Basin, but it has the potential to occur within the Foothills Fescue Natural subregion of the basin. They have been found in the area during both breeding bird atlases (Federation of Alberta Naturalists 2007).

7.6.1.11 Trumpeter Swan

The Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) is legally designated and protected as a ”Threatened” species under the Alberta Wildlife Act based on a very small breeding population (AESRD 2013c). Historically, the Trumpeter Swan experienced population declines and was thought to be extirpated on a national level in the early 1900s (James 2000). Trumpeter Swans that breed in Alberta comprise 30% of the Rocky Mountain population, which has recently demonstrated population growth and range expansion (AESRD 2013c). The Trumpeter Swan has steadily recovered as a result of breeding/reintroduction programs across Canada and conservation efforts. Recovery efforts continue through population monitoring and habitat conservation (James 2000). Results from the 2010 Trumpeter Swan survey revealed that most swans (92%) that breed in Alberta are located within the north western section of the province (AESRD 2013c), but smaller flocks can be found at appropriate aquatic habitat throughout the province. Threats to the species include human-caused disturbance of breeding pairs, wetland drainage and alteration, poor quality wintering habitat (in the United States), and collisions with power lines (AESRD 2013c). The Trumpeter Swan was not identified within the FWMIS dataset for the Sheep River Basin, but it is possible for the species to occur within the area, particularly on migration.

7.6.2 Mammals

7.6.2.1 Grizzly Bear

The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) is ranked as ”Threatened” under the Alberta Wildlife Act; presently there is no federal listing under SARA. The provincial Wildlife Act ranking was based on the small population size of the species, its’ slow reproductive rate, limited immigration from populations outside of Alberta, and increased anthropogenic activity (ASRD 2008). Human-caused mortality of grizzly bears includes hunting (both licensed and illegal) and self-defence kills, which are linked to an increase of human activity in the species range. The grizzly bear has a large diverse home range, with a significant portion occurring within the Rocky Mountain Natural Region (ASRD and ACA 2010). Although there is no reliable grizzly bear population size estimate in Alberta, there is concern that the population may be in decline (ASRD 2008). Historically, this species ranged throughout Alberta, but is now extirpated from a large portion of its’ former range (ASRD 2008). FWMIS records for the Sheep River Basin show that the grizzly bear

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has been documented within the Subalpine, Montane, and Foothills Parkland Natural subregions. A total of eight observations were recorded and were found to occur within a mixture of Key Range and Key Wildlife Layers (Appendix F5, Figures F5-2, F5-3, and F5-5). In particular, several observations were detected within Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones (Appendix F5, Figure4 F5- ). 7.6.3 Amphibians

7.6.3.1 Northern Leopard Frog

The prairie population of the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) is federally listed as “Special Concern” under Schedule 1 of SARA, and is also legally designated and protected as “Threatened” in Alberta under the Wildlife Act. The northern leopard frog population in Alberta historically ranged throughout the Parkland, Foothills, and Grassland Natural Regions and has experienced drastic declines since the 1970s with little recovery success. Factors thought to be associated with the northern leopard frog's declines include drought, disease and habitat loss or fragmentation (ANLFRT 2005). The northern leopard frog has been found in southern Alberta along major rivers and tributaries, including areas of the Foothills Parkland Natural subregion at lower elevations (ASRD 2003).

Within the Sheep River Basin, a total of 34 northern leopard frog records were identified from data provided by AESRD. Species observations ranged from young of the year to reproductively mature adults. All observations were located within the Sensitive Raptor Range and Sharp-tailed Grouse Area (Appendix F5, Figures F5-3 and F5- 4), with a number of sightings concentrated near Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones. All records fell within the Foothills Fescue or Foothills Parkland subregions.

7.6.3.2 Western Toad

The western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) is federally listed under SARA as “Special Concern” under Schedule 1. This species has a large range throughout North America, and can be found in western Alberta as one of few amphibians that inhabit the Alpine Natural subregion (COSEWIC 2002). Western toads utilize a variety of habitats including forests, wetlands, clear cuts, and grasslands (COSEWIC 2002 Provincially the western toad is listed as “Sensitive” due to populations declining elsewhere and possibly within Alberta (AESRD 2010c). Threats to the western toad population include red-leg disease, fungal agents that attack toad eggs, and UV radiation. The species is susceptible to mass die-offs at the toadlet stage, and can be heavily impacted by spring storms, summer drought, and early freezing (COSEWIC 2002). A total of 13 FWMIS records for the western toad were identified within the Sheep River Basin. One observation was recorded within the Montane subregion (Appendix F5, Figure F5-2). All other sightings occurred in the Foothills Parkland subregion within the Sensitive Raptor Range and Sharp-tailed Grouse Survey Areas (Appendix F5, Figure4 F5- ). Recorded age of the species ranged from larval to adult.

7.7 Wildlife Timing Guidelines

From the desktop review, a number of environmental conditions pertaining to wildlife and wildlife habitat were identified within the Sheep River Basin. Several sensitive and key wildlife areas exist (e.g. Grizzly Bear Zone, Sensitive Raptor Range, Colonial Nesting Birds, etc.) and a number of Species at Risk occur or have the potential to occur. As such, multiple wildlife surveys, as defined by the Species at Risk ranges in the Landscape Analysis Tool (LAT), will be required prior to any works being conducted within the Sheep River Basin (Alberta Energy Regulator 2013). Wildlife surveys and wildlife sweeps will be required for the identification of potential key wildlife sites. As per the Sensitive Species Inventory Guidelines (Government of Alberta 2013j) wildlife surveys need to be conducted at the proper time of year for species detection. The following sections highlight key timing windows and setback guidelines.

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7.7.1 General Guidelines

Pre-disturbance surveys must be conducted by a qualified wildlife biologist or technician experienced with the survey methods for the targeted species (Government of Alberta 2013j). All surveys should follow the Sensitive Species Inventory Guidelines (Government of Alberta 2013j) and Class Protocols outlined by AESRD. Prior to surveys, a search of relevant government resources should be conducted to determine if sensitive species have the potential to occur in the area (Government of Alberta 2013j). These sources include: FWMIS for species occurrences, biological staff at the local AESRD office, the LAT for Species at Risk ranges, and the Habitat Suitability Index Model Tool to evaluate habitat values (Government of Alberta 2013j; Alberta Energy Regulator 2013). All Species at Risk found on site should have appropriate setback distances and mitigation measures implemented (Government of Alberta 2013j).

7.7.2 Land Use Guidelines

Timing windows and setback guidelines (Table 7-2) apply to various land use/surface disturbance activities and were developed by AESRD to protect and maintain key wildlife areas/sites (AESRD 2011a). Such timing windows and setback guidelines were developed using the best available knowledge on the seasonality of species breeding, nesting, and rearing activities, in order to identify when the risk of disturbing these species is particularly high (AESRD 2011a). In instances where young or nests are found outside of the restricted activity period, the timing windows may be extended (AESRD 2011a). Setback guidelines are based on the distance at which human disturbance is thought to cause degradation and possible site abandonment, and are set according to the impact of the activity.

The recommended wildlife timing windows and setback distances presented in Table 7-2 have been modified from the AESRD Recommended Land Use Guidelines for Protection of Selected Wildlife Species and Habitat within Grassland and Parkland Natural Regions of Alberta (AESRD 2011a) to highlight species with the potential to occur within the Sheep River Basin.

Mountain goat and bighorn sheep are alpine ungulates that flee predator/human disturbances by running along steep mountain slopes (AESRD 2010b). Several minimum requirements for industrial land use within and adjacent to mountain goat and bighorn sheep ranges have been developed by AESRD. Some of these minimum requirements include: industrial land use cannot create new ground access to alpine ranges, industrial activity can only occur between the timing window of July 1st and August 22nd, is subject to limited geophysical exploration, and is subject to flight guidelines (AESRD 2010b).

Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones are areas considered key winter ungulate habitat and high biodiversity habitat (AESRD 2010a). They are typically established along major river valleys and are intended to prevent loss and fragmentation of habitat, prevent sensory disturbance during periods of thermal or nutritional stress on wildlife, and prevent the development of barriers to wildlife corridors (e.g. stream crossings; AESRD 2010a). As per the recommended wildlife land use guidelines (AESRD 2010a), timing restrictions of no construction between December 15 and April 30 are enforced due to the impacts on wildlife.

7.7.3 Migratory Bird Restrictions

The MBCA prohibits the harm of migratory birds, their nests, eggs, and habitat. Environment Canada recommends timing restrictions and setbacks to help identify when the risk of contravening the MBCA is particularly high. In the southern Parkland and Prairie ecozones of Alberta, Environment Canada restricts activities that cause habitat destruction (e.g. vegetation clearing, flooding, draining, construction, etc.) in upland areas attractive to migratory

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birds between May 1st and August 20th. In wetland areas attractive to migratory birds, this timing window is between April 15th and August 20th (Environment Canada, Personal Communication 2012).

7.7.4 Alberta Provincial Wildlife Regulation

Wildlife Regulation (Section 96) provides for management and protection of nests and dens of endangered species, upland game birds, migratory birds, and snake and bats hibernacula. AESRD staff may recommend timing restrictions on activities to minimize disturbance to the nest of breeding wildlife and birds. Habitat disturbances or destruction activities (e.g. vegetation clearing, flooding, etc.) should avoid clearing activities from March 15th to July 31st at a minimum to reduce disturbance to early nesting species. Timing may be adjusted dependent upon sensitivity of the species in question. Surveys to determine nesting may be required prior to activity commencing (AESRD, Personal Communication 2012).

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Table 7-2: Recommended Wildlife Timing Window Guidelines and Setback Distances within the Sheep River Basin

Species Location Timing Window Level of Disturbance Low Medium High Birds Bald Eagle Nesting Sites March 15 - July 15 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m July 16 - March 14 50 m 100 m 1000 m Burrowing Owl Nesting Sites April 1 - August 15 200 m 500 m 500 m August 16 - October 15 200 m 200 m 500 m October 16 - March 31 50 m 100 m 500 m Colonial Nesting Nesting Sites April 1 - March 31 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m Birds: American White September 1 - March 31 100 m 100 m 1000 m Pelican1, Great Blue Heron1 Ferruginous Hawk Nesting Sites March 15 - July 15 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m July 16 - March 14 50 m 100 m 1000 m Golden Eagle Nesting Sites March 15 - July 15 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m July 16 - March 14 50 m 100 m 1000 m Long-billed Curlew Active Nest and Surrounding April 1 - July 15 100 m 100 m 100 m Habitat Peregrine Falcon Nesting Sites March 15 - July 15 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m July 16 - March 14 50 m 100 m 1000 m Prairie Falcon Nesting Sites March 15 - July 15 1000 m 1000 m 1000 m July 16 - March 14 50 m 100 m 1000 m Sharp-tail Grouse Leks March 15 - June 15 500 m 500 m 500 m June 16 - March 14 100 m 100 m 500 m Short-eared Owl Active Nest and Surrounding April 1 - July 15 100 m 100 m 100 m Habitat Sprague's Pipit Active Nest and Surrounding April 1 - July 15 100 m 100 m 100 m Habitat Upland Sandpaper Active Nest and Surrounding April 1 - July 15 100 m 100 m 100 m Habitat Migratory Birds Upland Areas Nesting Areas May 1 - August 20 Contact Local Wildlife Biologist Wetland Nesting Areas April 15 - August 20 Amphibians Northern Leopard Breeding Ponds Year Round 100 m 100 m 100 m Frog Plains Spadefoot Class III Wetlands on Native Year Round 100 m 100 m 100 m Prairie Reptiles Prairie Rattlesnake Hibernacula Year Round 200 m 200 m 500 m Rookery March 15 - June 15 200 m 200 m 500 m November 1 - March 14 50 m 50 m 500 m Miscellaneous Key Wildlife and Key Wildlife and Biodiversity December 15 - April 30 Contact Local Wildlife Biologist Biodiversity Zones Zones (mapped zone) Mountain Goat and Mountain Goat and Sheep August 23 - June 30 Contact Local Wildlife Biologist Sheep Ranges (mapped area) Notes: Information modified from AESRD (2010a, 2010b, 2011a) and Environment Canada personal communication (2012)

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8. Aquatic Resources

The objective of this assessment was to describe the existing conditions in the Sheep River Basin. The aquatic environment will be outlined in this section with specific details on the fisheries community and composition.

8.1 Desktop Review

Information about the Sheep River Basin was obtained primarily from AESRD Fisheries and Wildlife Management Information System (FWMIS; AESRD 2013d). Fisheries data is collated by AESRD, is available upon request, and represents fishing effort from 1978 to 2012.

Additional literature sources include:

 Maps of the proposed Project as provided by AECOM  Reference maps of the proposed Project area  Relevant regulatory publications  Relevant literature sources

8.2 Environmental Setting

The Sheep River is part of the Bow River Watershed and discharges into the Highwood River, which supports significant cold water fish during various stages of life. Water management and water quality are of great importance for fish, wildlife, and human use of the Sheep River system. Severe weather events in recent years have severely affected aquatic, terrestrial, and human environments in the Sheep River Basin. The full extent of the impact of these events on fish communities and fish habitat is unknown.

8.3 Fish Community

Fishing data for 61 water bodies in the Sheep River Basin was provided by FWMIS. These water bodies are represented by a variety of sizes, capacities, and importance. Thirty-six water bodies are Unnamed. No fish were captured at 35 of the sampling locations.

Twenty species were represented in the FWMIS data (Table 8-1; Appendix F6, Table F6-1). Fish were collected using a variety of methods including electrofishing, nets, angling, and telemetry studies. Electrofishing was conducted in 50 water bodies, representing the majority of effort. Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout were caught in 13 water bodies. Arctic Grayling, Brown Trout, Finescale Dace, and Spoonhead Sculpin were only represented in one water body.

Threepoint Creek had the highest diversity of fish species present (n = 16) with trout, minnows, suckers, and sculpin present. Sheep River had the second highest diversity of species (n = 15). The majority of water bodies supported few species. Of the water bodies that did have fish collected, only Mudsprings Creek, Spring Creek, and four Unnamed water bodies (FWMIS Water Body ID 22674, 24567, 25994, and 26112), did not have representatives from the Salmonid family.

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Table 8-1: Fish Species that Occur in the Sheep River Basin

Common Name Scientific Name Spawning Season

Arctic Grayling Thymallus articus Spring Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans Summer Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Fall Brown Trout Salmo trutta Fall Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus Fall Burbot Lota lota Winter Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarki Spring Cutthroat X Rainbow Trout hybrid Onchorhynchus clarki X mykiss Spring Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas Spring Finescale Dace Phoxinus neogaeus Spring Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus Spring Longnose Dace Rhinichthys cataractae Spring Longnose Sucker Catostomus catostomus Spring Mountain Sucker Catastomus platyrhynchus Late Spring Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni Fall Pearl Dace Margariscus margarita Spring-Summer Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Spring-Summer Spoonhead Sculpin Cottus ricei (Nelson) Spring Sucker Family Catastomidae Various Trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus Spring-Summer Trout Family Salmonidae Various White Sucker Catostomus commersoni Spring

8.3.1 Water Body Classes and Restricted Activity Periods

AESRD presents Water Body Classes throughout Alberta to provide guidelines for when work can be conducted in specific water bodies. The Water Body Classes are presented in the Code of Practice (CoP) Area Maps which can be found on the AESRD website (AESRD 2013d). A large number of water bodies in the study area were either unmapped (n = 40) or uncoded (n = 44). Within the CoP there are guidelines around how to classify water bodies that are either uncoded or unmapped. For the purposes of this report and associated tables and figures, uncoded and/or unmapped water bodies were given the same Class as the water body into which it flowed. Given the large area and vast number of sample locations and water bodies represented in this basin, this solution was deemed to provide the most conservative representation of the unmapped and/or uncoded water bodies. Some of the water bodies may be a lesser Class, but will not be a higher Class than presented.

The Class of Water Body presented in the CoP Management Area Map (AESRD 2013d) and represented in Appendix F6, Figure F6-1 and Table 2 also correlates to a Restricted Activity Period (RAP). The RAP is designed to protect sensitive habitats and species during key lifestage phases such as spawning.

Ware Creek is identified as a Class B water body due to the presence of Rainbow trout spawning habitat. The AESRD CoP must be consulted when proposing work in Class B water bodies. The RAP for Ware Creek is April 16TH to July 15TH.

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The remainder of water bodies in the Sheep River basin are Class C. There are three RAPs identified depending on the water body. Water bodies are colour coded according to Class and RAP in Figure F6-1 of Appendix F6. This figure only includes water bodies for which FWMIS data was available.

8.3.2 Fish Culture Stocking

The Alberta Government stocks fish to assist native species populations, establish new populations in suitable locations, provide diversity in angling experiences, and provide trout fishing. Stocking of Arctic Grayling, Rainbow Trout, and Cutthroat Trout within the Sheep River Basin has occurred from 2001 to 2010 in three water bodies. Figure F6-2 of Appendix F6 illustrates where stocking programs have occurred and Table 8-2 summarizes the number of fish stocked in each year. It should be noted that locations identified in Figure F6-2 of Appendix F6 correspond to the waypoints provided by FWMIS. Any deviation from the identified waterways on the NTS map is an artifact of that reported GPS location. Within one decade, over 30,000 fish have been stocked in the Sheep River Basin. The number of fish stocked varies depending on the capacity of the water body and available habitat. The Champion Lakes have been stocked frequently with thousands of Rainbow Trout to provide and support an active recreation trout fishery. The stocking of Arctic Grayling in Champion Lakes in 2001 is the only record of Arctic Grayling within the Sheep River Basin according to the FWMIS database.

Table 8-2: Number of Fish Introduced via Fish Culture Stocking in the Sheep River Basin

Water body Species Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Burns Lake Cutthroat Trout 300 300 300 Champion Lakes Arctic Grayling 2000 Rainbow Trout 686 537 300 302 315 300 301 400 300 Sheep River Cutthroat Trout 10600 8000 8000

8.3.3 Protected Species

8.3.3.1 Provincial

The Government of Alberta has a provincial database for Species at Risk. Within the Sheep River Basin, there are five fish species that have been reported in FWMIS and are listed on the database. Figure F6-3 of Appendix F6 illustrates the water bodies within which each species can be found. The blue lines on the figure represent the waterways in which none of the listed species have been reported and therefore no data for provincially listed species is available.

Cutthroat Trout are listed at “At Risk” at the provincial general status level and are ranked as “Threatened” under the Alberta Wildlife Act (AESRD 2010c, 2011b). Species listed as “At Risk” have undergone a formal detailed status assessment and are legally identified as “Threatened” or “Endangered” under the Wildlife Act. Native Cutthroat Trout populations are threatened by stocking of Cutthroat Trout and Rainbow Trout, which have hybridized leading to a decline in native Cutthroat Trout populations.

Spoonhead Sculpin are listed as “May Be At Risk” by AESRD (2010c, 2011b) because there is a risk of extinction or extirpation and it is therefore, a candidate for a detailed risk assessment. Spoonhead Sculpin are small benthic fish that live in small populations. Flow regulation or increased sedimentation might cause them to lose advantage to predators and increase their vulnerability to predators.

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Bull Trout are listed provincially as “Special Concern” at the provincial general status level and are ranked as “Sensitive” under the Alberta Wildlife Act (AESRD 2010c, 2011b). Sensitive species are not at risk of extinction, but may require special attention or protection. Overharvesting and/or habitat loss have led to decline sin the population. Some stocking has occurred historically

Brook Trout and Brown Trout are listed as “Exotic/Alien” by AESRD (2010c, 2011b). “Exotic/Alien” ranked species have been introduced as a result of human activities. Brown Trout are native from Iceland to the White Sea area and Morocco through Algeria to Turkey, and the Caspian and Aral seas (Nelson and Paetz 1992). Brook Trout are native to northern Manitoba, the Ungava Bay area, Newfoundland, and south to the Carolinas and some Mississippi headwaters (Nelson and Paetz 1992). Brook Trout and Brown Trout have been successfully introduced throughout western Alberta, including the Bow River system.

8.3.3.2 Federal

The Species at Risk Act [2002, c.29] (SARA) provides protection for Canadian indigenous species, subspecies, and distinct populations and their critical habitats on federal lands. SARA is a Government of Canada commitment to protection of wildlife from extinction. The SARA established the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), which determines the national status of wildlife species based on science and Aboriginal or community knowledge. A public registry is available to assist in decisions surrounding Species at Risk.

Cutthroat Trout and Bull Trout are listed as “Threatened” by COSEWIC, which indicates that the species is facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Cutthroat Trout are also listed under SARA as “Threatened“, which means a formal, legal review has been conducted and they are protected under the Act.

8.4 Mitigation Measures

AESRD provides a CoP for Pipeline and Telecommunication Lines Crossing a Water Body, Watercourse Crossings, and Outfall Structures on Water Bodies. Each CoP provides recommendations for avoiding negative impacts to water bodies and outlines the regulatory requirements depending on the class of water body. The RAP should be complied with to further avoid impacts to waterways during sensitive spawning periods. Additional information on CoP is provided in Section 2.2.1.

Under Section 35 of the Fisheries Act (Government of Canada 2013a), DFO provides protection for fish from “serious harm” which is identified as “the death of fish or any permanent alteration to, or destruction of, fish habitat”. Across Canada DFO has established Timing Windows within which time work in or around water should be avoided to protect fish species during sensitive times, such as spawning. However, in Alberta, DFO defers to the RAP outlined by AESRD. Additionally, Measures to Avoid Harm are provided by DFO to ensure serious harm to fish and fish habitat is avoided.

8.5 Potential Project Impacts

Proposed projects in the basin have the potential to impact areas well beyond the basin. Downstream habitats can be greatly affected by a change in flow rates and as a result, species adapted to this area can be harmed. To address these potential impacts, the river system should be addressed at an ecosystem level, rather than looking at specific habitat areas. The Natural Flow Paradigm is a system that takes into account that the “natural variability of flow in terms of magnitude, duration, frequency and timing is beneficial to the ecosystem” (TWG 2002).

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The Highwood and Sheep River Basins are the only unobstructed major tributaries to the Bow River and are considered important spawning and rearing areas for both local stocks and the Bow River. Periodic flooding of this area maintains the riparian forests along the Bow River, and certain species, like cottonwood forests, have adapted to these flood events and utilize them for recruitment. Ecosystem function relies on natural variability within the flow regime in all rivers. Therefore, to assess potential impacts of projects to these rivers, an appropriate system to use is the Natural Flow Paradigm (TWG 2002).

The Natural Flow Paradigm aims to conserve the native biodiversity and ecosystem integrity of all rivers by taking into account the pattern of natural flow. Flow components have specific functions within a river system and maintaining the connectivity amongst all components ensures both habitat and species diversity (TWG 2002). Over many years, species have adapted to take advantage of these dynamic systems and a change to flow patterns could impact these species and their habitat areas.

Studies have concluded that in order to set ecosystem objectives, the hydrology, geomorphology, biology, water quality, and connectivity should all be considered, rather than single-flow recommendations, to better succeed in protecting the integrity of aquatic ecosystems (TWG 2002). As any projects in the basin have the potential to impact areas outside of the basin, these components should be incorporated in to any plans to ensure minimal disturbance to downstream ecosystems.

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9. Historical Resources

The objective of the Historical Resources Overview of the Sheep River Basin is to assess the potential for archaeological, historical, or palaeontological sites to occur on lands that could be impacted by any proposed projects or land altering activities in the basin area.

9.1 Methods

The Archaeological Survey of Alberta views the major objective of an overview study to be the provision of a resource potential sensitivity model that may be used to structure an archaeological resources impact assessment. On the basis of historical, archaeological, ecological, geographic, and other relevant data, a predictive model of land use patterns, site locations, and densities can be formulated.

The Overview included the following:

 An examination of site data files maintained by the Archaeological Survey, Historical Resources Management Branch, Alberta Culture for archaeological and historic sites and sensitivity maps for palaeontological concerns (Site Files on file with the Archaeological Survey, Historical Resources Management Branch, Alberta Culture)  Evaluation of known sites within the development zone with a particular focus on site location and function variables  Developing a model of historical resources potential for the impact area based on known data, topographical potential, models of land use, and site distribution

Since developments can cause significant disturbances, any archaeological sites within a particular development area could be destroyed. Historical Resources are recognized in the Province of Alberta as non-renewable resources, subject to protective measures and defined under the Historical Resources Act (Government of Alberta 2013f). Historical resource sites are considered fragile and precious, and easily suffer damage or destruction from such activities as road and pipeline construction, route realignments, construction activities, landscaping, soil and gravel removal, recreational activities, and landfill development. Once the context is disturbed or destroyed, the information and interpretive value of historical resources are seriously affected, and in some cases, lost forever.

9.2 Existing Conditions

9.2.1 Predicting Historical Resource Potential

The assessment of Historical Resources potential involves the evaluation of previously recorded sites, coupled with information from models of settlement patterns (ethnography and history), local topography, and biogeoclimatic features of the region. From these studies, a set of prediction variables can be selected, which are used to characterize a defined area of interest.

Predicting the occurrence of historic period sites is an exercise not usually undertaken because the distribution of historic sites is usually known. Historic period sites are, for the most part, visible features such as buildings, farms, or cabins. In areas that have been settled for many years, sites of this type are well known, mapped, and documented, and in some cases recorded as provincially designated sites.

The prediction of palaeontological resources is also different from that of archaeological sites. Palaeontological resources are associated with fossil bearing geological formations. The distributions of these formations, for the most part, are known. Therefore, predicting the occurrence of palaeontological resources can at times be achieved by knowing the existence of fossil bearing strata. Another important consideration regarding palaeontological sites is that developments usually only impact the upper sediments, thereby missing the fossil bearing formations found below the surface of the earth. In such cases, concern for palaeontological resources is unnecessary since no

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impact of potentially sensitive areas will occur. In general, any development activity that affects bedrock formations, especially in the valley breaks of any major waterway, will require a palaeontologist to evaluate the area. Otherwise, developments that will not disturb the surficial geological strata containing fossil bearing formations are not of concern.

9.2.1.1 Previously Recorded Resources

As of December 2013, there have been over 25,000 archaeological sites, over 2,000 palaeontological sites, and over 70,000 historic sites recorded within the Province of Alberta (Site Files on file with the Archaeological Survey, Historical Resources Management Branch, Alberta Culture). The majority of the historic sites are standing structures found within existing settlements and are not commonly of concern to land developments that occur outside of recently or historically settled areas. Of the three historical resource site types, archaeological sites are most often of concern when land areas are to be altered or disturbed.

While a large number of historic sites have been recorded in Alberta, only some are deemed to be historically significant due to the large numbers of similar sites or structures. Those sites or structures that are considered to be significant must be unique or are associated with significant historic personages or events. In the case of archaeological sites, the knowledge of prehistoric settlement patterns is partially based on ethnographic accounts of native settlement within a region, which is derived from previously recorded sites in any given area.

Expectations of palaeontological site occurrence are based on known distributions of fossil bearing landforms.

9.2.2 Archaeological Site Potential

The assessment of archaeological site potential within a defined development area involves two main objectives: (1) characterization of the development area in relation to relevant past research, and (2) evaluation of the existence of specific characteristics of site prediction within the development zone. The purpose of the first objective is to identify specific characteristics of a site location, including known patterns of native settlement, prehistoric settlement patterns, and characteristics of the development area that may be considered good indicators of past and historic cultural settlement. The aim of the second objective is to identify the existence of the above site location predictors within the proposed development area. These include distinct geographical situations that can be linked to settlement patterns and resource use to determine archaeological potential (Table 9-1). The most commonly applied variables used to determine archaeological site potential in Alberta are listed in Table 9-2.

Table 9-1: List of District Geographic Features Used in the Assessment of Archaeological Potential

Feature Potential Stream Valley Moderate Stream Terrace High Lake Margin High Upland Grasslands Low Upland Forest High Glacial Terrace Moderate Remnant Dune High Prominent Hill High Disintegration Moraine Moderate

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Table 9-2: List of Site Prediction Variables Used in the Assessment of Archaeological Potential

Variable Potential

Slope > 20° Low to None Elevated areas near water sources Moderate to High Proximity to resources Moderate to High Proximity to water Moderate to High Proximity to known archaeological site(s) High Well-drained sediments Moderate to High Poorly-drained sediments None Aspect - South Facing High Aspect - North facing Low No distinctive geographic or topographic features None Proximity to historic settlement High Previous or existing disturbance Low

Based on the sets of variables listed above, the determination of the potential of archaeological sites in a project area can result in one of two possible recommendations being selected. Either no further work is necessary or an Historical Resources Impact Assessment is required.

9.2.3 Environmental Setting

The changing physical environment, including geomorphological features and resource availability, plays a role in the selection of areas that were used by animals and humans in the past. An understanding of the environmental settings and changes through time allow us to predict in part where archaeological, historic, and palaeontological sites are most likely to occur. Certain landforms and geomorphological features are commonly found in association with prehistoric, historic, and palaeontological sites. For example, archaeological sites are frequently found along streams and near lakes. During prehistoric times, these locations provided fresh water and transportation, were focal points for wildlife, and were the source of other food resources. The beneficial attributes of these areas would be just as attractive in the past as they are today. In the same manner, flat, well-drained terrain, and sunny, warm southern exposures would also be considered important criteria for the location of habitation sites.

9.2.4 Cultural Setting

The earliest evidence for human occupation in Alberta dates to the end of the last glaciation (approximately 13,000 years BP; Peck 2011). The Prehistoric Period spans the time from the earliest occupations up to the arrival of the first Europeans. The Prehistoric Period includes the period of time before direct contact occurred between Europeans and native peoples where European culture modified native culture through trade and the introduction of new ideas, well before the first Europeans set foot in the region.

Prehistoric sites in the province of Alberta are divided into various categories that reflect site function. The categories include:

 Isolated finds where generally a single artifact is not found in association with any other archaeological materials or features  Scatters, which are usually small assemblages of lithic material from which it is difficult to draw conclusions about the site's original function

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 Campsites which contain a variety of materials and possibly features  Stone features that are present without artifacts  Workstations where a specific task, such as butchering, plant processing, or stone tool manufacture, took place  Kill sites  Quarries where lithic material for stone tool manufacture was mined  Rock art  Human burials  Ceremonial sites

These typological classifications are commonly used by archaeologists to develop chronological understandings of prehistoric peoples. However due to the small size of many of the archaeological assemblages, artifact collections are often poorly preserved or are from poorly understood contexts, which limits the information that can be determined from these collections. Research has produced some useful information about the distribution of archaeological sites on the landscape, but much of the prehistory of Alberta remains unknown.

9.2.5 Previously Recorded Historical Resources

Archaeological sites in the Province of Alberta are recorded in the Archaeological Site Inventory Data files of the Archaeological Survey, Historical Resources Management Branch, Alberta Culture (Alberta Culture 2014). Site location information is maintained using a geographical system known as the Borden System, which relies on existing zones of longitude and latitude (Borden and Duff 1952). Each longitude and latitudinal zone is divided into smaller areas, which are identified by individual numbers, called Borden Blocks (e.g. GbQh). The capital letters refer to units that are two degrees of latitude by four degrees of longitude in size. These units are further divided into units, which are ten minutes on a side, identified by the lower case letters. Sites found within these Block areas are given sequential numbers, such as GbQh-1, GbQh-2, etc. All previously identified archaeological sites are geographically recorded using this system. The Borden Blocks pertinent to the Flood Recovery Task Force Sheep River Basin project area are: EcPq, EdPm, EdPn, EdPo, EdPp, EdPq, EdPr, EePl, EePm, EePn, EePo, EePp, EePq, EfPn, EfPo, EfPp (Table 9-3; Appendix F7, Figure F7-1). Appendix F7, Table F7-1 and Figures F7-2 to F7-15 show the number and location of previously recorded sites in the Borden Blocks within the Sheep River Basin area.

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Table 9-3: Total numbers of Historical Resources Sites within the Borden Blocks or Portions of Borden Blocks Encompassed by the Sheep River Basin (Table 1 and Figures F7-2 to F7-15 in Appendix F7)

Borden Block Number of Previously Recorded Sites EcPq 0 EdPm 0 EdPn 35 EdPo 34 EdPp 21 EdPq 11 EdPr 25 EePl 150 EePm 105 EePn 92 EePo 27 EePp 14 EePq 0 EfPn 3 EfPo 0 EfPp 0 Total number of sites 517

Based on the information presented by the researchers who located the sites, the sites in Table 1 (Appendix F7) have been given Historic Resources Values (HRV’s) ranging from 1 to 4 for sites that are significant or may require further assessment work. Sites that have been deemed to have no significance are assigned an HRV of 0 by Alberta Culture.

While a large number of sites have been previously recorded within the study area, not all are considered to be significant by Alberta Culture. These sites are considered to have little information potential beyond their presence in a given area and are assigned an Historical Resources Value = 0. Table 9-4 lists all the site types that have been previously recorded in the Sheep River Basin and their Historic Resources Values.

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Table 9-4: List of previously located Historical Resources site types found in the Sheep River Basin (Table 1 Appendix F7)

Site Site Types HRV=1 HRV=4 HRV=0 N/A Total Numberof Sites Prehistoric Sites Campsite 97 221 318 Campsite, stone feature 7 2 9 Campsite, killsite 2 6 8 Campsite settlement 1 1 Campsite, workshop 1 1 Collections 2 2 Fire-Cracked-Rock 1 1 Isolated finds 17 17 Isolated find, transportation 1 1 Isolated find, collection 2 2 Killsite 14 10 24 Rock art 1 1 2 Scatter 10 40 50 Scatter campsite 1 9 10 Scatter, stone feature 1 1 Scatter, campsite, homestead 1 1 Scatter, campsite, stone feature 3 3 Scatter, modern industrial remains 1 1 Scatter, workshop 1 1 Scatter, palaeontological bone 1 1 Stone feature 28 5 33 Workshop 3 1 4 Site information missing 1 1 Prehistoric Total 1 171 319 1 492 Historic Sites Historic remains 5 1 6 Homestead 3 1 4 Industrial 2 2 Police posts 3 1 4 Structure remains 1 1 Trail 1 1 Transportation 1 1 Historic Total 12 7 19 Natural Geological 1 1 Natural - misidentified as cultural 5 5 features Natural Total 1 5 6

Total of all sites 1 184 331 1 517

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Most of the archaeological sites found within the Sheep River Basin have been found in close proximity to major rivers or their tributaries, and only a few of the sites have been found more than 1 km from a water resource (Anderson and Poole 1976; Balcom and Hoffert 1990; Bobrowsky and Gibson 1986; Borden and Duff 1952; Brewer 1991a 1991b; Clavelle 1999; Cockle 1993; Federchuk 1986; Forbis and Rogers 1973; Gillespie 2010; Gryba 1982,1994, 2002; Haley 1984; Hanna 2000, 2001; Head and Calder 1979; Heitzmann 1984; Heitzmann et al. 1980; Light 1987, 1994a, 1994b, 2002; McCullough 1979; McCullough and Reeves 1978a and 1978b; McFee 1979; Peach 2004; Peck 2011; Pollock 1984; Poole and Reeves 1974; Ramsay 2010; Reeves and Short 1997; Reeves and Head 1976; Siegfried and Ramsay 2004; Vivian 2006; Vivian et al. 1997; Wilson 1979; Wood 1979; Wyman 2007; Wyman and Spicer 2007). Most of the sites previously located are in the eastern part of the study area in Borden Blocks EePl, EePm, and EePn (Appendix F7, Figure F7-1). These locations are where significantly more road, pipeline, infrastructure, and housing development has occurred in and around Okotoks, High River, Black Diamond, and Turner Valley.

The earliest sites recorded in the Sheep River Basin were recorded by the Glenbow in 1957, 1958, 1960, and 1962, which consisted of two bison kill sites, a stone feature, and two rock art sites (Site Forms for sites EePm-1, EePm-2, EePm-3, EePn-1 and EePn-2 on File with Alberta Culture). Most of the sites previously located in the western part of the study area were located during archaeological surveys undertaken in 1971 and 1972 by archaeologists from the Archaeology Department at the University of Calgary (Forbis and Rogers 1973). The University of Calgary surveys were surface surveys and no subsurface examinations were undertaken. A total of 424 sites were recorded, most of which were on river valley terraces. A few surveys were undertaken for road/highways projects west of Turner Valley, but these archaeological surveys focused on river terraces as well (Gryba 1982; Heitzmann et al. 1980). Few sites have been recorded at any distance away from water courses. Archaeological surveys east of Turner Valley have been development driven, and a total of 78 sites were recorded during these surveys (Table 9-4).

The majority of the sites previously located in the study area are campsites (318; Table 9-4). Campsites are sites that contain at least two of the following items: lithic artifacts, bone, Fire-Cracked-Rock, hearths, and/or rock features such as tipi rings. The next most numerous site type is scatters (with or without additional cultural items or features). Stone features are the third most numerous. The only HRV=1 site is a rock art site (EePm-3). It is a Designated Historic Site that consists of the Okotoks erratic, which has pictographs on some of its rock faces. The rest of the prehistoric sites in the study area are kill sites, isolated finds, collections, campsites with additional items or features, and a few miscellaneous types (Table 9-4).

The historic sites found within the study area are cabin or homestead structure remains, police posts, an historic trail, two modern industrial sites, and one transportation (old road bed) site (Table 9-4).

The natural sites identified in Table 9-3 consist of a geological site (EdPn-12), which is a naturally occurring outcrop of sandstone that has been worked into two depressions (possible ovens) by unknown individuals. Five other sites are deemed to be natural glacial deposits protruding above the topsoil, though they were initially thought to be tipi ring sites. All sites of historic significance are listed by the Archaeological Survey, Historical Resources Management Branch, Alberta Culture in a Listing of Significant Sites that is updated and issued each year by Alberta Culture (Alberta Culture 2013).

The Significant Sites Listing assigns Historical Resources Values from 1 to 5 for each site or legal land titles area that Alberta Culture has identified as being significant:

 HRV=1 means that there is a designated site or protected area present. These areas are rarely if ever allowed to be impacted  HRV=2 means there is a registered historic site present and these too would not normally be allowed to be impacted

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 HRV=3 means there is significant Historical Resources site present which may be allowed to be impacted, but only following instructions from Alberta Culture regarding required mitigative measures (excavations)  HRV=4 means there is a site or sites present that have not been fully assessed and these are required to have an Historical Resources Impact Assessment (HRIA) performed. They have to be revisited and assessed, and based on the findings of the HRIA, it may be deemed necessary to conduct mitigative studies for these sites  HRV=5 means that there is high potential for the presence of Historical Resources sites in this area (archaeological, historic, palaeontological) and an HRIA may possibly be required for these areas depending on the project and its degree of impact

It should be noted that unlike the previously located Historical Resources sites which can be given an HRV=0 if they are deemed not significant (HRV range 0 to 4), all of the sites or areas identified in the Significant Sites Listing are considered to hold archaeological potential, and an HRV=5 is given to areas that appear to have potential, but which have not been previously assessed.

The Historical Resources sites and Legal Land Title areas identified in the Significant Sites Listing as having an HRV of 1 to 5 are presented in Appendix F7 (Table 2 and Figures F7-16 to F7-29). Areas of significance are identified down to the Legal Sub-Division (LSD). Depending on the sites and terrain found in any given location, individual LSD’s can have more than one HRV if two or more sites of differing significance are located in the same LSD or if the LSD has both palaeontological and archaeological significance. For the purposes of this study, the highest value is assigned to the LSD’s in Table 2 of Appendix F7.

9.3 Mitigation Measures

9.3.1 Archaeological Prediction Criteria Employed for the Sheep River Basin Study

Archaeological site prediction for the Sheep River Basin is based upon a defined set of descriptive variables and for each segment of the basin, the occurrence of these variables determines archaeological potential. These variables commonly include: cultural and biogeoclimatic zones (Natural Regions Committee 2006), distinct geographic or topographic features, slope, aspect, proximity to water sources, sedimentation/drainage, elevation, proximity to open meadows, proximity to known archaeological sites, and proximity to historic settlements.

Based on the review of the known sites located in the study area and a review of Historical Resources survey reports done for work within the study area, coupled with the known environmental and topographic data, we formulated a set of variables or criteria that tend to be associated with previously located archaeological sites. While the archaeological information currently available for the study area is insufficient to accurately predict site densities, water availability is the overwhelming environmental predictor of archaeological site potential. Most sites that have been found in the study area tend to be located near existing or extinct sources of water, particularly in and along river or stream valleys. It may be that this is an artifact of research bias given the fact that these are the areas, which yield the most sites throughout Alberta and elsewhere, and these areas have therefore been the focus of previous studies. One of the possibilities is that river valley areas may have more areas of exposure caused by erosion than more protected areas. As such, finding sites is more difficult on the open grasslands and in the forests of the foothills and mountains.

9.3.1.1 Environmental Setting

The prediction of historical resource locations, and in particular archaeological sites, is in part based on environmental descriptions of known site locations. Site locations in different regions display different environmental variables and are essential for predictive studies.

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9.3.1.2 Geographic Variables

The geographical variables that appear to be most commonly associated with the occurrence of archaeological sites in the study area are:

 Areas immediately surrounding present-day lakes, especially flat, well-drained and south-facing terraces  Major river valley terraces, especially flat and well-drained landforms  Major river valley rims, especially high promontories along the valleys and flat, well-drained sections which hold the potential for containing stratified cliff-top dune deposits  Confluences of major and minor streams and rivers, especially flat and well-drained landforms in the immediate vicinity  Creek and stream terraces, especially flat, well-drained and south-facing sections  Mountain passes that may have been used as prehistoric transportation routes

It should be noted that the pattern suggested by the above characteristics, and the limited number of sites recorded away from waterways, is prejudiced by the fact that traditional archaeological survey often focused on the examination of lakes, streams, their associated features, and easily accessible areas. This practice is particularly common where access is difficult and site visibility is greatly reduced by heavily wooded areas. Locations in the basin that display the same biogeoclimatic character or environmental features may have similar levels of archaeological potential to previously known sites. While previous archaeological investigation in most of the Sheep River Basin has not been comprehensive, known sites suggests that there is potential for undisturbed Historical Resources sites. A list of areas considered to have medium to high Historical Resources potential are presented in Appendix F7 (Table 2 and Figures F7-16 to F7-29).

Most of the archaeological sites previously recorded in the study area have been located in the vicinity of water resources. Therefore it is not surprising that most of the areas we consider to have archaeological potential are along watercourses or by small lakes in the basin. Grassland areas away from water resources are considered to have low to no potential, and due to cultivation, the probability of undisturbed cultural resources is low. The forested areas of the foothills and mountainous areas away from water resources also are considered to have low potential because shrubs and trees reduce the chance of discovering archaeological sites. In the mountainous areas, severe slopes diminish archaeological potential.

9.4 Summary

The areas identified in the Significant Sites Listing as having HRVs of 1 to 5 indicate some level of archaeological or palaeontological assessment will be needed in each identified area before any form of development can proceed. This assessment can be in the form Impact Assessment, Historical Resources Mitigation, or palaeontological overview, all of which must comply with Alberta Culture requirements. The most minor assessment form (Historical Resources Overview - Statement of Justification) would be required for areas given HRV of 5. Once submitted, Alberta Culture would either issue a Clearance to proceed with the project or would issue a Requirement Letter indicating that further archaeological or palaeontological assessment work is required.

The areas identified as having medium to high archaeological potential should be considered to be in the same category as the HRV=5 areas, which at a minimum, require an Historical Resources Overview (Statement of Justification) for each area that will be affected by any development. It should be noted that Alberta Culture has the final say regarding the need for Historical Resources Assessments in any given area, and each development is evaluated individually based on the project footprint and potential impact to Historical Resources so as to ensure compliance with the Historical Resources Act (Government of Alberta 2013f).

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10. Environmental Conclusions and Recommendations

The desktop review of the Sheep River Basin identified a number of environmental concerns. Several sensitive areas exist within the basin and have been established to protect and to preserve areas from development. Such areas include: three Wildland Provincial Parks, three Provincial Parks, two Natural Areas, the OH Ranch Heritage Rangeland, five Provincial Recreation Areas, and the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve. Furthermore, numerous Eastern Slopes Land Use Zones, several Environmentally Significant Areas, key range layers (Sharp-tailed Grouse, Sensitive Raptor Range, and Endangered and Threatened Plants Ranges) and key wildlife layers (Mountain Goat and Sheep Areas, Grizzly Bear Zone, Colonial Nesting Birds, and Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones) occur within the basin. Development restrictions and guidelines exist for some of the aforementioned designated areas. Detailed information pertaining to these restrictions and guidelines are highlighted in Sections 2, 3, and 7.7.

The Foothills Fescue and Foothills Parkland Natural Subregions are areas where a large portion of the landscape, within the basin, supports the growth of spring-seeded small grains and oil seeds. Conversely, lands within the Rocky Mountain Natural Region are poorly suitable for agricultural uses due to the moderate to high slope classes, thin to absent topsoil, and inadequate climate. In general, landforms and soils associated with major tributaries demonstrated the least suitable land for agricultural use. The dominant suitability of topsoil and subsoil within the basin for reclamation operations was rated as fair. Soils within the vicinity of existing tributaries are poorly suited for reclamation operations due to thin or absent topsoil horizons and poor soil texture. The risk of soil erosion by wind and water is greatest near existing tributaries and lowest in areas associated with Orthic Black Chernozemic soils, which dominate the eastern portion of the basin.

Setback distances are required by both federal and provincial governments for rare plant species designated under the federal Species at Risk Act, as well as the provincial Wildlife Act. For provincially designated rare plant species, a minimum setback distance of 30 m is required for low and medium level disturbances and 300 m for high level of disturbance activities (AESRD 2011a). For federally designated rare plant species, Class 1 disturbances (e.g. walking or grazing) are considered unrestricted activities, Class 2 (e.g. above-ground transmission lines, mowing, etc.) require a minimum setback of 30 m, while Class 3 disturbances (e.g. pipelines, ROWs, excavations, etc.) require setback distances of at least 300 m (Canadian Wildlife Service 2011).

Wetlands provide many ecosystem services within the basin, most notably for flood attenuation. Any activities that have the potential to impact wetland resources within the basin will require a Water Act approval prior to construction.

A total of 77 wildlife Species at Risk have the potential to occur within the basin, with federal and provincial rankings ranging from “Sensitive” to “Endangered”. Recommended timing guidelines and setback distances have been established by the provincial government to protect and maintain key wildlife species and areas. These guidelines and setback distances, specific to the basin, are summarized in Table 7-2. Furthermore, Environment Canada restricts activities that cause habitat destruction (e.g. vegetation clearing, flooding, draining, construction, etc.) in upland areas attractive to migratory birds between May 1st and August 20th, and in wetland areas, the restriction occurs between April 15th and August 20th (Environment Canada, Personal Communication 2012). All wildlife surveys must be conducted at the proper time of year to ensure species of interest are detected.

Class B and Class C watercourses, as defined under the Code of Practice for Watercourse Crossings, exist within the basin and have set guidelines indicating when works can be conducted. Restricted Activity Periods (RAPs) are determined by know spawning habitat and potential fish species presence. The RAP is designed to protect sensitive habitats and species during key life stage phases (e.g. spawning). RAPs may extend over a spring-summer period, and/or during a fall-winter period. Special attention should be given to the class of individual water bodies during the planning stages of a project to ensure that works do not interfere with critical spawning activities.

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A total of three fish Species at Risk have been reported within the basin: the Cutthroat Trout, Spoonhead Sculpin, and Bull Trout. Cutthroat Trout are ranked under the Alberta Wildlife Act and SARA as “Threatened”, and are “At Risk” at the provincial general status level. Spoonhead Sculpin and Bull Trout are listed under the current provincial general status as “May Be At Risk” and “Sensitive”, respectively. The Bull Trout is also listed as “Threatened” by COSEWIC.

Historical Resources are recognized in Alberta as non-renewable resources that are defined under the Historical Resources Act and are subject to protective measures (Government of Alberta 2013f). Previously mapped archaeological sites within the basin have been identified near major waterways, many of which were classified as campsites. Prehistoric sites (n = 492), historic sites (n=19), and natural sites (n=6) have been documented in the area with variable HRVs, most of which were located in the eastern part of the basin. Areas with HRVs of 1 to 5 indicate that some level of archaeological or palaeontological assessment will be required prior to any development.

Multiple environmental and historical resource assessments will need to be completed for any proposed development activities within the basin. Federal and provincial legislation as well as land use guidelines must be included during the planning stages of any project and adhered to prior to development. Mitigation strategies are encouraged in areas identified as sensitive within the Highwood River Basin.

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Appendix F1

Protected Areas and Land Use

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-1 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Don Getty Town of Wildland Black Diamond Park Town of Turner Valley Sheep River Provincial Blue Rock Park Wildland Park

Don Getty Town of Wildland High River

Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials: Park Elbow-Sheep

Wildland Park Village of OH Ranch Longview

Heritage AppendixF1 Rangeland Parks and ProtectedAreas in the Sheep River Basin

River Basin

Sheep River Basin

Alberta Parks and Protected Areas

Ecological Reserve Heritage Rangeland Natural Area

Provincial Park Provincial Recreation Area Wildland Park 3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G007_60309815_01V1_PARKS_AND_PROTECTED_AREAS_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-2 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Black Diamond

Town of Turner Valley

Town of High River Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Village of Longview AppendixF1 inthe Sheep River Basin RockyMountain Forest Reserve andForest ProtectionArea

River Basin Sheep River Basin

Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve Forest Protection Area 3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G012_60309815_01V1_ROCKYMTNFORESTRESERVE_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL Figure: F1-3 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Black Diamond

Town of Turner Valley

Town of High River Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Village of Longview AppendixF1 SensitiveRaptor Key Range Layer inthe Sheep River Basin

River Basin Sheep River Basin

Sensitive Raptor Ranges Peregrine Flacon

Bald Eagle Ferruginous Hawk Prairie Falcon/Golden Eagle

3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G008_60309815_01V1_KEY_RANGE_LAYERS_B_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-4 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Black Diamond Town of Turner Valley

Town of High River Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials: Village of

Longview AppendixF1 Key Range Layers in the Sheep River Basin

River Basin Sheep River Basin

Sharp Tailed Grouse Survey Sharp Tailed Grouse

Endangered and Threatened

Plant Ranges

Limber Pine Whitebark Pine

3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m

NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G008_60309815_01V1_KEY_RANGE_LAYERS_A_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-5 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Town of Black Diamond Turner Valley

Town of

Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials: High River

Village of Longview AppendixF1 Key WildlifeLayers inthe Sheep River Basin

River Basin Sheep River Basin

Colonial Nesting Birds Great Blue Heron American White Pelican

Grizzly Bear Zone Type- Core

Mountain Goat and Sheep Areas

Southern Rockies Herd

Key Wildlife and Biodiversity Zones

4,200 0 4,200 8,400 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G010_60309815_01V1_KEY_WILDLIFE_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-6 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Black Diamond Town of Turner Valley Town of High River Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Village of Longview AppendixF1 Environmentally SignificantAreas in the Sheep River Basin

River Basin Basin Sheep River Basin

ESAs 2009 NR Grassland Parkland Rocky Mountain 3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m

NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G009_60309815_01V1_ESAS_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

N FINAL Figure: F1-7 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Town of Okotoks

Town of Black Diamond Town of Turner Valley

Town of High River Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Village of Longview AppendixF1

River Basin

Sheep River EasternSlopes LandUse Zones in the Sheep River Basin Basin

Types of Land Use Unkown Agriculture Critical Wildlife Facility General Recreation Industrial

Multiple Use Prime Protection Special Use

3,250 0 3,250 6,500 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-14 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE KALLA)\MXD\G011_60309815_01V1_EASTERNLANDUSEZONES_SHEEPRIVER_F1.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F2

Terrain and Soils

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx

Figure F2-1. Land Regions of Alberta from (Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development 1987)

Figure F2-2. Landscape Model Attribute Data (Expert Committee on Soil Survey 1982.)

￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-3 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: MM KB Project Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Natural Subregions Natural Subregions

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

ECOLOGICAL SUBREGIONS

ALPINE

SUBALPINE

MONTANE

FOOTHILLS PARKLAND

5 0 5 10 FOOTHILLS FESCUE km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG03_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-4 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: MM KB Project Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Dominant Landforms

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN I4h

DOMINANT LANDFORMS IUh

DISTURBED LAND IUl

FP3 L3

H1l M1h

H1m R2h

H5h R2m

H5l SC1h

H5m SC1l

HR2m SC2

I3h SC3

I3l U1h

5 0 5 10 I3m U1l km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG04_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-5 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: MM KB Project Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Dominant Soil Series

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN HFD

DOMINANT SOIL SERIES HPV

ADY LNB

BDY LTC

BOV MFT

BUR MSB

BVA OTP

CRW RSN

DRW SPR

DVG SPY

ELB SRC

FRK SRCaa

FSH ZUN 5 0 5 10 FSHaa km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG05_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-6 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Approved: Designer:KBMMProject Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Land Suitability Classes

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

LIMITATION CLASSES

DISTURBED LAND

2

3

4

5 0 5 10 5 km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-02-24 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG06_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-7 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: MM KB Project Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Topsoil Suitability Topsoil Rating

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

TOPSOIL SUITABILITY

GOOD

FAIR

POOR

5 0 5 10 UNSUITABLE km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG07_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF2-8 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: MM KB Project Initials: Checked: MM

AppendixF2 Subsoil Suitability Rating

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

SUBSOIL SUITABILITY

FAIR

POOR

5 0 5 10 UNSUITABLE km

NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\SOIL_TERRAIN\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F2\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG08_APPF2.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F3

Vegetation

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF3-1

ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm È22X È66

È2A È2

È22

È552 È762

È549 È549

È547

È7 Project Management Designer:KGApproved: Project KB Checked: Initials: KG

AppendixF3 Natural Subregions

È546 È2

È543 23È

È22

LEGEND È540 SHEEP RIVER BASIN È40 NATURAL SUBREGIONS

ALPINE

SUBALPINE È2 MONTANE

FOOTHILLS PARKLAND

5 0 5 10 FOOTHILLS FESCUE km Copyright:© 2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\VEG_WETLAND\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F3\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG01_APPF3.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF3-2 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:KGApproved:Project KB Checked: Initials: KG

AppendixF3 of Rare Plant Species Key Ranges and Historical Locations

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

HISTORICAL RARE PLANT RECORDS

ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANTS RANGES

LIMBER PINE

5 0 5 10 WHITEBARK PINE km Copyright:© 2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-03-27) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\VEG_WETLAND\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F3\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG02_APPF3.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F4

Wetlands

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF4-1 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm Project Management Designer:Approved: KG KB Project Checked: Initials: KG

AppendixF4 WetlandAreas

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

WETLANDS

5 0 5 10 EXTENT OF WETLAND INVENTORY km Copyright:© 2013 Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\VEG_WETLAND\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F4\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG01_APPF4.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F5

Wildlife

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF5-1 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

FIGURE FIGURE FIGURE F5-2 F5-3 F5-4 Project Approved:Management KB Designer:LC Project Checked: Initials: LC

AppendixF5 Key Range and WildlifeLayers

FIGURE FIGURE F5-5 F5-6

LEGEND

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES

MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY

5 0 5 10 GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE km NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG01_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF5-2 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

SPFR

BOTO

GRBE Project ManagementApproved: KB Designer:LC Project Checked:Initials: LC

AppendixF5 Key Range and WildlifeLayers

HADU

LEGEND

WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES BBWA MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY

GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE

1.5 0 1.5 3 Kilometers NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG02_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 GGOW

￿￿ BAOW N BAOW FINAL TISA TISA FigureF5-3 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm GGOW TISA TISA LEFL WWPE

GGOW LBBA

SEOW CMWA CMWA

NPOW Project Approved:Management KB Designer:LC Project Checked: Initials: LC

NLFR GRBE BOTO NPOW BAOW BOTO BOTO AppendixF5 Key Range and WildlifeLayers

GBLH GBLH

LEGEND SEOW WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS SEOW SEOW SHEEP RIVER BASIN SEOW

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES

MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY WGSN GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE GRBE GRBE GRBE GRBE GRBE GBLH HADU PRFA 1.5 0 1.5 3 GBLH GBLH HADU HADU PRFA Kilometers HADU NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG03_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL FigureF5-4 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

BLTE

NLFR NLFR

NOPI SWHA SWHA

SWHA NOPI Project Approved:Management KB Designer:LC Project Checked: Initials: LC SWHA

BAEA BUOW NOPI BUOW BUOW

PRRA AppendixF5 BUOW GBLH NLFR NLFR SWHA SORA Key Range and WildlifeLayers GBLH GBLH RUBL GBLH GBLH GBLH GWTE NOPI GBLH GBLH TISA BAEA NOPI NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NLFR NOHA WGSN OSPR PRFA RSGS SWHA WGSN NLFR SWHA

BDSP LEGEND BLTE WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES

MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

BUOW SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY BUOW BUOW 1 0 1 2 GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE Kilometers NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG04_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL LTWE LBBA FigureF5-5 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm LBBA

HADU

HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU LBBA HADU LBBA HADU HADU LBBA BAOW HADU HOBA HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU WOLV HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU LBBA HADU HADU HADU HADU

Project Approved:Management KB Designer:LC Project Checked: Initials: LC HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU HADU AppendixF5 Key Range and WildlifeLayers

GRBE

LEGEND

WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES

MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY

GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE

1 0 1 2 Kilometers NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG05_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL

NPOW FigureF5-6 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm NPOW LBBA NPOW LBBA LBBA NPOW LBBA LBBA NPOW BAOW LBBA LBBA BRSW BAOW BAOW

HADU HADU NPOW BAOW NPOW GGOW CMWA Project Approved:Management KB Designer:LC Project Checked: Initials: LC

AppendixF5 Key Range and WildlifeLayers

LEGEND

WILDLIFE OBSERVATIONS

SHEEP RIVER BASIN

COLONIAL NESTING BIRDS

KEY WILDLIFE AND BIODIVERSITY ZONES

MOUNTAIN GOAT AND SHEEP AREAS

SENSITIVE RAPTOR RANGE

SHARP TAILED GROUSE SURVEY

1 0 1 2 GRIZZLY BEAR ZONE Kilometers NAD 1983 CSRS UTM Zone 11N Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: GIROUXK (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-03-11 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-GIS\02_MXDS\WILDLIFE_MAPBOOK\SHEEP_APPENDIX_F5\WS_SHEEPRIVER_FIG06_APPF5.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 Table F5-1. List of Potential Wildlife Species Occurring in the Sheep River Basin

Common Name Scientific Name AESRD1 COSEWIC2 SARA3 Alberta Wildlife Act4 Schedule Amphibians

Boreal Chorus Frog* Pseudacris maculata Secure - - - Canadian Toad Anaxyrus hemiophrys May Be At Risk - - - Columbia Spotted Frog* Rana luteiventris Sensitive Not at Risk - - Long-toed Salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Sensitive Not at Risk - - Northern Leopard Frog* Lithobates pipiens At Risk Special Concern Special Concern Threatened Schedule 1 Plains Spadefoot Spea bombifrons May Be At Risk Not at Risk - - Western Tiger Salamander* Ambystoma mavortium Secure Special Concern No Status No schedule Western Toad* Anaxyrus boreas Sensitive Special Concern Special Concern Schedule 1 Wood Frog* Lithobates sylvaticus Secure - - - Mammals

American Badger Taxidea taxus taxus Sensitive Special Concern No Status No schedule American Beaver Castor canadensis Secure - - - American Marten Martes americana Secure - - - American Mink Neovison vison Secure - - - American Pika Ochotona princeps Secure - - - Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus Secure - - - Bighorn Sheep* Ovis canadensis Secure - - - Black Bear* Ursus americanus Secure Not at Risk - - Bobcat Lynx rufus Sensitive - - - Bushy-tailed Woodrat Neotoma cinerea Secure - - - Canada Lynx Lynx canadensis Sensitive Not at Risk - - Columbian Ground Squirrel* Spermophilus columbianus Secure - - - Common Muskrat* Ondatra zibethicus Secure - - - Common Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Secure - - - Common Raccoon Procyon lotor Secure - - - Coyote Canis latrans Secure - - - Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Secure - - - Dusky Shrew Sorex monticolus Secure - - - Ermine Mustela erminea Secure - - - Fisher Martes pennanti Sensitive - - - Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel Spermophilus lateralis Secure - - - Gray Wolf Canis lupus Secure - - - Grizzly Bear* Ursus arctos At Risk Special Concern No Status Threatened No schedule Hoary Bat* Lasiurus cinereus Sensitive - - - Hoary Marmot Marmota caligata Secure - - - House Mouse Mus musculus Exotic - - - Least Chipmunk Neotamias minimus Secure - - - Least Weasel Mustela nivalis Secure - - - Little Brown Bat* Myotis lucifugus Secure Endangered No Status No schedule Long-eared Bat* Myotis evotis Secure - - - Long-legged Bat* Myotis volans Undetermined - - - Long-tailed Vole Microtus longicaudus Secure - - - Long-tailed Weasel* Mustela frenata longicauda May Be At Risk Not At Risk - - Masked Shrew Sorex cinereus Secure - - - Meadow Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Secure - - - Moose* Alces alces Secure - - - Mountain Goat Oreamnos americanus Secure - - - Mountain Lion* Puma concolor Secure - - - Mule Deer* Odocoileus hemionus Secure - - - North American River Otter Lontra canadensis Secure - - - Northern Bog Lemming Synaptomys borealis Secure - - - Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Secure - - - Northern Grasshopper Mouse Onychomys leucogaster Secure - - - Northern Pocket Gopher* Thomomys talpoides Secure - - - Prairie Shrew Sorex haydeni Secure - - - Prairie Vole Microtus ochrogaster Secure - - - Pygmy Shrew Sorex hoyi Secure - - - Red Bat Lasiurus borealis Sensitive - - - Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Secure - - - Red Squirrel* Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Secure - - - Red-tailed Chipmunk Neotamias ruficaudus Sensitive - - - Richardson's Ground Squirrel* Spermophilus richardsonii Secure - - - Sagebrush Vole Lemmiscus curtatus Secure - - - Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Sensitive - - - Snowshoe Hare Lepus americanus Secure - - - Southern Red-backed Vole Myodes gapperi Secure - - - Striped Skunk* Mephitis mephitis Secure - - - Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Undetermined - - - Wapiti (Elk)* Cervus elaphus Secure - - - Water Shrew Sorex palustris Secure - - - Water Vole Microtus richardsoni Sensitive - - - Western Heather Vole Phenacomys intermedius Secure - - - Western Jumping Mouse Zapus princeps Secure - - - White-tailed Deer* Odocoileus virginianus Secure - - - White-tailed Jack Rabbit* Lepus townsendii Secure - - - Wolverine* Gulo gulo May Be At Risk Special Concern No Status No schedule Yellow-pine Chipmunk Neotamias amoenus Secure - - - Reptiles

Plains Garter Snake Thamnophis radix Sensitive - - - Prairie Rattlesnake* Crotalus viridis May Be At Risk - - - Red-sided Garter Snake* Thamnophis sirtalis Sensitive - - - Wandering Garter Snake* Thamnophis elegans Sensitive - - - Birds

Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum Secure - - - American Avocet Recurvirostra americana Secure - - - American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Sensitive - - - American Coot* Fulica americana Secure Not at Risk - - American Crow* Corvus brachyrhynchos Secure - - - American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus Secure - - - American Goldfinch* Spinus tristis Secure - - - Table F5-1. List of Potential Wildlife Species Occurring in the Sheep River Basin

American Kestrel Falco sparverius Sensitive - - - American Pipit Anthus rubescens Secure - - - American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Secure - - - American Robin* Turdus migratorius Secure - - - American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides dorsalis Secure - - - American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea Secure - - - American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Sensitive Not at Risk - - American Wigeon* Anas americana Secure - - - Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna Accidental - - - Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii Secure - - - Baird's Sparrow* Ammodramus bairdii Sensitive Special Concern No Status No schedule Bald Eagle* Haliaeetus leucocephalus Sensitive Not at Risk - - Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula Sensitive - - - Bank Swallow Riparia riparia Secure Threatened No Status No schedule Barn Swallow* Hirundo rustica Sensitive Threatened No Status No schedule Barred Owl* Strix varia Sensitive - - - Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica Secure - - - Bay-breasted Warbler* Dendroica castanea Sensitive - - - Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon Secure - - - Black Swift Cypseloides niger Undetermined - - - Black Tern* Chlidonias niger Sensitive Not at Risk - - Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus Sensitive - - - Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola Secure - - - Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Undetermined - - - Black-billed Magpie* Pica hudsonia Secure - - - Black-capped Chickadee* Poecile atricapillus Secure - - - Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax Sensitive - - - Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus Secure - - - Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus Sensitive - - - Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata Secure - - - Blue Grouse Dendragapus obscurus Secure - - - Blue Jay* Cyanocitta cristata Secure - - - Blue-winged Teal* Anas discors Secure - - - Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus Secure - - - Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia Secure - - - Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus Secure - - - Boreal Owl* Aegolius funereus Secure Not at Risk - - Brewer's Blackbird* Euphagus cyanocephalus Secure - - - Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri Sensitive - - - Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Sensitive - - - Brown Creeper Certhia americana Sensitive - - - Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum Secure - - - Brown-headed Cowbird* Molothrus ater Secure - - - Bufflehead Bucephala albeola Secure - - - Burrowing Owl* Athene cunicularia At Risk Endangered Endangered Endangered Schedule 1 Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii Accidental - - - California Gull Larus californicus Secure - - - Calliope Hummingbird Stellula calliope Secure - - - Canada Goose* Branta canadensis Secure - - - Canvasback* Aythya valisineria Secure - - - Cape May Warbler* Dendroica tigrina Sensitive - - - Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia Sensitive - - - Cassin's Finch Carpodacus cassinii Secure - - - Cassin's Vireo Vireo cassinii Undetermined - - - Cedar Waxwing* Bombycilla cedrorum Secure - - - Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus Sensitive Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Chipping Sparrow* Spizella passerina Secure - - - Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera Secure - - - Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana Sensitive - - - Clay-colored Sparrow* Spizella pallida Secure - - - Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Secure - - - Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Secure - - - Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula Secure - - - Common Loon Gavia immer Secure Not at Risk - - Common Merganser Mergus merganser Secure - - - Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor Sensitive Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Common Raven* Corvus corax Secure - - - Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea Secure - - - Common Tern Sterna hirundo Secure Not at Risk - - Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Sensitive - - - Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii Secure Not at Risk - - Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis Secure - - - Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Secure - - - Downy Woodpecker* Picoides pubescens Secure - - - Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Secure - - - Eared Grebe* Podiceps nigricollis Secure - - - Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Secure - - - Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe Sensitive - - - European Starling Sturnus vulgaris Exotic - - - Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus Secure - - - Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis At Risk Threatened Threatened Endangered Schedule 1 Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri Sensitive - - - Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca Secure - - - Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan Secure - - - Gadwall* Anas strepera Secure - - - Golden Eagle* Aquila chrysaetos Sensitive Not at Risk - - Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa Secure - - - Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla Secure - - - Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis Secure - - - Gray Jay Perisoreus canadensis Secure - - - Gray Partridge Perdix perdix Exotic - - - Gray-crowned Rosy-finch Leucosticte tephrocotis Secure - - - Table F5-1. List of Potential Wildlife Species Occurring in the Sheep River Basin

Great Blue Heron* Ardea herodias Sensitive - - - Great Gray Owl* Strix nebulosa Sensitive Not at Risk - - Great Horned Owl* Bubo virginianus Secure - - - Greater Scaup Aythya marila Secure - - - Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Secure - - - Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Secure - - - Green-winged Teal* Anas crecca Sensitive - - - Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus Secure Not at Risk - - Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus Secure - - - Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii Secure - - - Harlequin Duck* Histrionicus histrionicus Sensitive - - - Hermit Thrush* Catharus guttatus Secure - - - Herring Gull Larus argentatus Secure - - - Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus Secure - - - Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Sensitive Special Concern No Status No schedule Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris Secure - - - House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus Secure - - - House Sparrow Passer domesticus Exotic - - - House Wren* Troglodytes aedon Secure - - - Killdeer* Charadrius vociferus Secure - - - Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus Secure - - - Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena Secure - - - Le Conte's Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii Secure - - - Least Flycatcher* Empidonax minimus Sensitive - - - Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla Secure - - - Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Sensitive - - - Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Secure - - - Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Secure - - - Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Sensitive Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus Sensitive Special Concern Special Concern Schedule 1 Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus Secure - - - Long-eared Owl* Asio otus Secure - - - MacGillivray's Warbler Oporornis tolmiei Secure - - - Mallard* Anas platyrhynchos Secure - - - Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa Secure - - - Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris Secure - - - Merlin Falco columbarius Secure Not at Risk - - Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides Secure - - - Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli Secure - - - Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura Secure - - - Nashville Warbler* Vermivora ruficapilla Secure - - - Nelson's Sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni Secure Not at Risk - - Northern Flicker* Colaptes auratus Secure - - - Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Sensitive Not at Risk - - Northern Harrier* Circus cyaneus Sensitive Not at Risk - - Northern Hawk Owl* Surnia ulula Secure Not at Risk - - Northern Pintail* Anas acuta Sensitive - - - Northern Pygmy-owl* Glaucidium gnoma Sensitive - - - Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Secure - - - Northern Saw-whet Owl* Aegolius acadicus Secure - - - Northern Shoveler* Anas clypeata Secure - - - Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor Secure - - - Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis Secure - - - Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi May Be At Risk Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata Secure - - - Osprey* Pandion haliaetus Sensitive - - - Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla Secure - - - Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis Undetermined - - - Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus At Risk Special Concern Special Concern Threatened Schedule 1 Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus Secure - - - Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Sensitive - - - Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus Sensitive - - - Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator Secure - - - Pine Siskin* Spinus pinus Secure - - - Prairie Falcon* Falco mexicanus Sensitive Not at Risk - - Purple Finch Carpodacus purpureus Secure - - - Purple Martin Progne subis Sensitive - - - Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Secure - - - Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Secure - - - Red-breasted Nuthatch* Sitta canadensis Secure - - - Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Secure - - - Redhead Aythya americana Secure - - - Red-naped Sapsucker* Sphyrapicus nuchalis Undetermined - - - Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena Secure Not at Risk - - Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Secure - - - Red-tailed Hawk* Buteo jamaicensis Secure Not at Risk - - Red-winged Blackbird* Agelaius phoeniceus Secure - - - Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis Secure - - - Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Secure - - - Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus Exotic - - - Rock Pigeon Columba livia Exotic - - - Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus Secure - - - Ross's Goose Chen rossii Secure - - - Rough-legged Hawk* Buteo lagopus Secure - - - Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula Secure - - - Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris Secure - - - Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis Secure - - - Ruffed Grouse* Bonasa umbellus Secure - - - Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus Secure - - - Rusty Blackbird* Euphagus carolinus Sensitive Special Concern Special Concern Schedule 1 Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis Sensitive - - - Savannah Sparrow* Passerculus sandwichensis Secure - - - Table F5-1. List of Potential Wildlife Species Occurring in the Sheep River Basin

Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya Secure - - - Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Secure - - - Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Secure - - - Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Secure Not at Risk - - Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus Sensitive - - - Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Undetermined - - - Short-eared Owl* Asio flammeus May Be At Risk Special Concern Special Concern Schedule 1 Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Secure - - - Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Secure - - - Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus Secure - - - Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria Secure - - - Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia Secure - - - Sora* Porzana carolina Sensitive - - - Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Secure - - - Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus Secure - - - Sprague's Pipit Anthus spragueii Sensitive Threatened Threatened Schedule 1 Spruce Grouse Falcipennis canadensis Secure - - - Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri Secure - - - Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus Secure - - - Swainson's Hawk* Buteo swainsoni Sensitive - - - Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus Secure - - - Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Secure - - - Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi Secure - - - Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi Secure - - - Tree Swallow* Tachycineta bicolor Secure - - - Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator At Risk Not at Risk - Threatened - Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus Secure - - - Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda Sensitive - - - Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius Secure - - - Veery Catharus fuscescens Secure - - - Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus Secure - - - Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina Secure - - - Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus Secure - - - Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana Secure - - - Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis Sensitive - - - Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis Secure - - - Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta Secure - - - Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri Secure - - - Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana Sensitive - - - Western Wood-pewee* Contopus sordidulus Sensitive - - - White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis Secure - - - White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Secure - - - White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi Sensitive - - - White-tailed Ptarmigan Lagopus leucura Secure - - - White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis Secure - - - White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera Secure - - - White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca Sensitive - - - Willet* Tringa semipalmata Secure - - - Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii Secure - - - Wilson's Phalarope* Phalaropus tricolor Secure - - - ` Wilson's Snipe* Gallinago delicata Secure - - - Wilson's Warbler* Wilsonia pusilla Secure - - - Wood Duck Aix sponsa Secure - - - Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis Undetermined Special Concern Special Concern Schedule 1 Yellow Warbler* Dendroica petechia Secure - - - Yellow-bellied Sapsucker* Sphyrapicus varius Secure - - - Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens Secure - - - Yellow-headed Blackbird* Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Secure - - - Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata Secure - - - Notes: 1 = AESRD 2011 , 2 = COSEWIC 2013, 3 = Government of Canada 2012, 4 = Government of Alberta 2013, * = FWMIS recorded species within the Sheep River Basin AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F6

Aquatic Resources

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ￿￿

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Fi sh e r C r e e k

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S heep R iver accordingAlberta to Environment Code of Practice Waterbodyclassifications at the Sheep River Basin

River Basin 2,100 0 2,100 4,200 Sheep River Basin m Date: 2014-03-03 NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Colour Class Restricted Activity Period Class B April 16 to July 15 Class C September 1 to August 15 Class C September 1 to July 15 Class C May 1 to August 15 and September 1 to April 15 Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-12 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR WPG OFFICE (JENNIE)\RIVER COLOR MAPS\MXD\G005_60309815_01V1_SHEEPRIVERFIG_1_F6.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿

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Fi sh Sheep River e r C Stocking Locations r e e k Th ree Th p re o ep in oi t nt C Cr r ek ee e re k e k Rive C Ware Cr heep r int eek S reepo Th Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

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S heep R iver Fish culture stocking in the Sheep River Basin

Burns Lake Stocking Locations

River Basin Sheep River Basin

Species

Arctic Grayling Date: 2014-03-03 Cutthroat Trout Rainbow Trout

2,100 0 2,100 4,200 m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-12 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR WPG OFFICE (JENNIE)\RIVER COLOR MAPS\MXD\G006_60309815_01V1_SHEEPRIVERFIG_2_F6.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL Figure: F6-3 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

M F is u h s e k r e C r g e e Creek k

Thr T ee hr p ee o po in in t t C Cr ek ee re re k e Rive C Ware Cr k heep r int eek S reepo Th Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials: G o r ge r C e re iv ek R

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S heep k R k iver e e e r e C r

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y o Provincial Status of FishSpecies inthe Sheep River Basin u D C n h c t

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River Basin 2,100 0 2,100 4,200 m Sheep River Basin NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N

Colour Provincial Ranking Species Present Date: 2014-03-03 Special Concern Bull Trout At Risk Cutthroat Trout May Be at Risk Spoonhead Sculpin Exotic/Alien Brook and Brown Trout All All Above No Data No Data Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-12 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR WPG OFFICE (JENNIE)\RIVER COLOR MAPS\MXD\G007_60309815_01V1_SHEEPRIVERFIG_3_F6.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 ￿￿ N FINAL Figure: F6-4 ANSI B 279.4mm x 431.8mm B x ANSI 279.4mm

Fi sh e r C r e e k

Th T ree hr p ee o po in in t t C Cr ek ee re re k e Rive C Ware Cr k heep r int eek S reepo Th Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

G or r ge e C iv reek R

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S e hee k p Ri e ver e r e r C C l a

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o Federal Status of Fishspecies in the Sheep River Basin s C

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C r e e k

River Basin 2,100 0 2,100 4,200 Date: 2014-03-03 Sheep River Basin m NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N Colour Federal Ranking (Agengy) Species Present Threatened (COSEWIC and SARA) Cutthroat Trout Threatened (COSEWIC) Bull Trout No Data No Data Service Layer Credits: Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2014-02-12 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR WPG OFFICE (JENNIE)\RIVER COLOR MAPS\MXD\G008_60309815_01V1_SHEEPRIVERFIG_4_F6.MXD SouthernAlberta Flood Mitigation FeasibilityStudy Alberta Flood Recovery Force Task ProjectNo.: 60309815 Appendix F6. Table 1. Summary of sampling effort and fish species collected in the Sheep River Basin.

Fishing Effort Species

FWMIS Waterbody Waterbody Name Years Sampled ID Angling Aquatic Assessment Habitat Dip Nets Electrofishing Fish Stocking Culture Fish Kill Minnow Traps Random Observation Redd Survey Seine/Trawl Snorkel Survey Relocation Telemetry/GPS Nets Test Trap Nets Arctic Grayling Brook Stickleback Brook Trout Brown Trout Bull Trout Cutthroat Trout Rainbow X Cutthroat Trout hybrid Trout Fathead Minnow Finescale Dace ChubLake Longnose Dace Longnose Sucker Mountain Sucker Mountain Whitefish FishNo Caught DacePearl Rainbow Trout Spoonhead Sculpin SuckerFamily Trout-perch Family Trout White Sucker 165 Bluerock Creek 2007 X X 4159 Burns Lake 1985, 2002, 2006, 2010 X X X X X 1985, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, Champoin Lakes (Lower 6608 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, X X X X X Champion Lake) 2011 435 Death Valley Creek 2007 X X X X X 508 Dyson Creek 2007 X X 592 Fisher Creek 1978, 2000, 2002, 2006 X X X X X 1994, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 679 Gorge Creek X X X X X X X 2007, 2008 878 Junction Creek 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 X X X 955 Lineham Creek 2007 X X 957 Link Creek 2007 X X X 991 Long Prairie Creek 2007 X X 1033 Macabee Creek 2007 X X 1050 March Creek 2007 X X 1116 Mesa Creek 2007 X X 1182 Mudsprings Creek 2007 X X X 1195 Muskeg Creek 1978, 2002, 2003, 2007 X X X X X X 1235 North Coal Creek 2008 X X 1378 Pothole Creek 2006, 2007, 2009 X X X X X X X X X X 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2209 Sheep River X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 1627 South Coal Creek 1994, 1995, 2000, 2007, 2008 X X X X X X 1653 Spring Creek 2008 X X X 1978, 1980, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1777 Threepoint Creek 1997, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2005, X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 21745 Unnamed 1998 X X 21746 Unnamed 1998 X X 21747 Unnamed 1998 X X 21748 Unnamed 1998, 2008, 2009 X X X X X X X X 22325 Unnamed 2002, 2007 X X X 22326 Unnamed 2002 X X 22327 Unnamed 2002 X X 22328 Unnamed 2002, 2007 X X X 22329 Unnamed 2002 X X Appendix F6. Table 1. Summary of sampling effort and fish species collected in the Sheep River Basin.

Fishing Effort Species

FWMIS Waterbody Waterbody Name Years Sampled ID Angling Aquatic Assessment Habitat Dip Nets Electrofishing Fish Stocking Culture Fish Kill Minnow Traps Random Observation Redd Survey Seine/Trawl Snorkel Survey Relocation Telemetry/GPS Nets Test Trap Nets Arctic Grayling Brook Stickleback Brook Trout Brown Trout Bull Trout Cutthroat Trout Rainbow X Cutthroat Trout hybrid Trout Fathead Minnow Finescale Dace ChubLake Longnose Dace Longnose Sucker Mountain Sucker Mountain Whitefish FishNo Caught DacePearl Rainbow Trout Spoonhead Sculpin SuckerFamily Trout-perch Family Trout White Sucker 22330 Unnamed 2002 X X 22332 Unnamed 2002 X X 22333 Unnamed 2002 X X 22674 Unnamed 2002, 2007 X X X X X 24567 Unnamed 2007 X X X X X X X X 25994 Unnamed 2010 X X X X X 26111 Unnamed 2007 X X 26112 Unnamed 2007, 2012 X X X X X X X X X X 26113 Unnamed 2007 X X 26114 Unnamed 2007 X X 26115 Unnamed 2007 X X 26116 Unnamed 2007 X X 26118 Unnamed 2007 X X 26119 Unnamed 2007 X X 26120 Unnamed 2007 X X 26121 Unnamed 2007 X X 26122 Unnamed 2007 X X 26123 Unnamed 2007 X X 26124 Unnamed 2007 X X 26125 Unnamed 2007 X X 26126 Unnamed 2007 X X 26127 Unnamed 2007 X X 26128 Unnamed 2007 X X 26129 Unnamed 2007 X X 26130 Unnamed 2007 X X 26131 Unnamed 2007 X X 26132 Unnamed 2007 X X 1835 Volcano Creek 2008 X X 1980, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 1855 Ware Creek X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007 1940 Wolf Creek 1995, 1996, 2007 X X X X Appendix F6. Table 2. Summary of waterbody Class as per the Alberta Environment Code of Practice Management Area maps.

FWMIS Waterbody Waterbody Name Mapped Coded Class Restricted Activity Period ID 165 Bluerock Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 4159 Burns Lake Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 6608 Champion Lakes (Lower Champion Lake) No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 435 Death Valley Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 508 Dyson Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 592 Fisher Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 679 Gorge Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 878 Junction Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 955 Lineham Creek No No C September 1 to August 15 957 Link Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 991 Long Prairie Creek Yes No C September 1 to August 15 1033 Macabee Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 1050 March Creek No No C September 1 to August 15 1116 Mesa Creek No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 1182 Mudsprings Creek No No B April 16 to July 15 1195 Muskeg Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 1235 North Coal Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 1378 Pothole Creek Yes No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 C September 1 to July 15 2209 Sheep River Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 1627 South Coal Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 1653 Spring Creek Yes No C September 1 to July 15 1777 Threepoint Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 21745 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 21746 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 21747 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 21748 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22325 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22326 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22327 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22328 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22329 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22330 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22332 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22333 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 22674 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 24567 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 25994 Unnamed No No C September 1 to July 15 26111 Unnamed Yes No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26112 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26113 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26114 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26115 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26116 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26118 Unnamed No No B April 16 to July 15 26119 Unnamed No No B April 16 to July 15 26120 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26121 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26122 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26123 Unnamed No No C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 26124 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26125 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26126 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26127 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26128 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26129 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 Appendix F6. Table 2. Summary of waterbody Class as per the Alberta Environment Code of Practice Management Area maps.

FWMIS Waterbody Waterbody Name Mapped Coded Class Restricted Activity Period ID 26130 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26131 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 26132 Unnamed No No C September 1 to August 15 1835 Volcano Creek Yes Yes C May 1 to August 15 and September 16 to April 15 1855 Ware Creek Yes Yes B April 16 to July 15 1940 Wolf Creek Yes Yes C September 1 to August 15 AECOM Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force Appendix F - Sheep River Basin, Environmental Overview Report

Appendix F7

Historical Resources

RPT3-2014-06-06 -App_F_Sheep_River_Environmental_Overview.Docx ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-05) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Borden Blocks in the Sheep River Basin. Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force The numbers in red indicate the number of Project No.: 60309815 sites found in each Borden Blocks. Figure: F7-1 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPn map showing no previously recorded Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force sites in this part of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-2 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPn map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-3 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPo map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-4 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPp map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-5 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPq map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-6 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EdPr map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-7 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePl map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-8 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePm map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-9 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_A.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePn map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-10 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePo map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-11 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePp map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-12 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EePq map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-13 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EfPn map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-14 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study EfPo map showing previously recorded sites Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force in this portion of the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-15 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPm showing no previously assigned Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force HRV values or areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within this segment of the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-16 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPn showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-17 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPo showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-18 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPp showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-19 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_B.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPq showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-20 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EdPr showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-21 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePl showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-22 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePm showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-23 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePn showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-24 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePo showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-25 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePp showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values and areas of archaeological potential Project No.: 60309815 within the Sheep River Basin. Figure: F7-26 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EePq showing areas with archaeological Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force potential in the basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-27 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EfPn showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values for areas within the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-28 ANSI A 215.9mm x 215.9mm 279.4mm A ANSI Project Approved: Management Designer: Project Checked: Initials:

Scale: NTS FINAL Last savedLast by: MAHEC (2014-06-04) Last Plotted: 2013-02-21 Filename: P:\60309815\900-WORK\920-929 (GIS-GRAPHICS)\H\WORK FOR CALG_EDM OFFICE (KRISSYAND JAMIE 3\G001_60309815_01V1_SHEEPMAPS_C.MXD KALLA)\MXD PART Southern Alberta Flood Mitigation Appendix F7 Feasibility Study Map EfPo showing previously assigned HRV Alberta Flood Recovery Task Force values for areas within the Sheep River Basin. Project No.: 60309815 Figure: F7-29 Table F7-1. List of Historical Resources sites found within the Sheep River Basin, identifying the site type, permit number or survey crew affiliation, and Historical Resources Values for these sites. Borden Site Type Permit No. Historical No. Resources Value EdPn-12 Geological U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-13 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-14 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-15 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-16 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 78-020 HRV 0 EdPn-17 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042; ASA 78-020; ASA HRV 0 78-075; ASA 86-080 EdPn-18 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-19 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-20 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042; ASA 78-020; ASA HRV 0 78-064; ASA 78-075; ASA 86-080 EdPn-21 Scatter U of C 1972; ASA 78-075 HRV 0 EdPn-22 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-23 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-24 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-25 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-26 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-27 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-28 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-29 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-30 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-32 Scatter; campsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042 HRV 0 EdPn-33 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-34 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-35 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPn-36 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-37 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPn-39 Campsite ASA 75-042; ASA 78-020; ASA 78-075 HRV 0 EdPn-46 Homestead ASA 84-005 HRV 4 EdPn-47 Campsite ASA 86-080; ASA 01-004; ASA 06-559; ASA HRV 4 13-068 EdPn-49 Isolated find; collection TRACE 1991 HRV 0 EdPn-50 Campsite; killsite ASA 93-065 HRV 0 EdPn-51 Campsite ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EdPn-52 Campsite ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EdPn-53 Campsite ASA 01-004; ASA 06-559; ASA 13-068 HRV 4 EdPn-54 Industrial ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EdPn-55 Industrial ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EdPo-2 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-3 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-4 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-5 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-6 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-7 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-8 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-9 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-10 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-11 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-12 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-13 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-14 Structure remains U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-15 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-16 Stone feature; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-17 Stone feature; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-18 Stone feature; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-19 Stone feature; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-20 Stone feature; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-21 Campsite; natural U of C 1972; ASA 84-008 HRV 0 EdPo-22 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-23 Scatter >10 U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-24 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-25 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-26 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-27 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-28 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-29 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-30 Isolated find U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-31 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-32 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EdPo-33 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EdPo-34 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPo-38 Scatter (lithic) ASA 82-072 HRV 0 EdPp-1 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1970; U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM HRV 4 003 EdPp-3 Settlement U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-4 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-5 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-6 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003; ASA 80- HRV 4 096 EdPp-7 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-8 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-9 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-10 Isolated find U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPp-11 Scatter >10 U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003; ASA 80- HRV 0 096 EdPp-12 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPp-13 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-14 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-15 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-16 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-17 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-18 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-19 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003; ASA 80- HRV 0 096 EdPp-20 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPp-21 Campsite ASA 80-096; ASA 81-126; ASA 82-128 HRV 4 EdPp-22 Campsite ASA 80-096; ASA 81-126; ASA 82-128 HRV 4 EdPq-1 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPq-2 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPq-3 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPq-4 Isolated find U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPq-5 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPq-6 Campsite; killsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003; ASA 82- HRV 0 072 EdPq-14 Campsite ASA 80-096 HRV 0 EdPq-15 Campsite ASA 82-072; ASA 83-044 HRV 0 EdPq-16 Campsite ASA 82-072; ASA 83-044; ASA 86-021 HRV 4 EdPq-17 Campsite ASA 82-072 HRV 4 EdPq-18 Scatter Lalonde 1992 HRV 4 EdPr-10 Scatter; killsite; U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 palaeontological EdPr-11 Scatter <10 U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-12 Campsite; workshop U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-14 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-15 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPr-16 Workshop U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-17 Scatter <10 U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-18 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-19 Scatter U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-20 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-21 Scatter <10 U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-22 Stone feature U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-23 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-24 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-25 Workshop U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-26 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-27 Stone feature U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-28 Workshop U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 EdPr-29 Stone feature U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-30 Killsite (bison); U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 0 palaeontological EdPr-31 Killsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-32 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-33 Campsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-34 Killsite U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EdPr-35 Workshop U of C 1972; U of C / ASA CRM 003 HRV 4 EePl-3 Campsite U of C 1970 HRV 4 EePl-4 Campsite U of C 1970 HRV 4 EePl-17 Campsite; killsite; scatter >10 U of C 1971; ASA 05-215 HRV 0 EePl-18 Scatter >10; campsite U of C 1971; ASA 05-215 HRV 4 EePl-22 Campsite; stone feature; killsite U of C 1971; ASA 05-215 HRV 0 EePl-23 Campsite U of C 1971; ASA 90-012 HRV 0 EePl-24 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-25 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-26 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-27 Stone feature U of C 1971; ASA 90-012 HRV 0 EePl-28 Stone feature U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-29 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-32 Stone feature U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-33 Stone feature U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-34 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-35 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-36 Killsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-37 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-38 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-39 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-40 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-41 Stone feature U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-42 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-43 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-44 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-45 Campsite; killsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-46 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-47 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-48 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-49 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-50 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-51 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-52 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-53 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-54 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-56 Campsite; killsite U of C 1971; ASA 90-012 HRV 0 EePl-57 Campsite U of C 1971; ASA 90-012 HRV 0 EePl-58 Campsite; killsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-59 Scatter <10; campsite; stone U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 feature EePl-60 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 EePl-61 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-62 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-63 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-64 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-76 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 EePl-77 Stone feature U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 EePl-78 Scatter; campsite; homestead U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-79 Campsite U of C 1971; ASA 90-012 HRV 4 EePl-80 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-87 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-88 Campsite; stone feature; killsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-90 Campsite; killsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-91 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-108 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 4 EePl-113 Campsite U of C 1971 HRV 0 EePl-124 Scatter >10; campsite; stone U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 feature EePl-125 Scatter >10; campsite; stone U of C 1971; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 feature EePl-145 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-146 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-147 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-148 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-149 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-150 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-151 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-152 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-153 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-154 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-155 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-156 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-157 Scatter <10; campsite U of C 1972; ASA 02-089 HRV 0 EePl-158 Scatter <10; campsite U of C 1972; ASA 02-089 HRV 0 EePl-159 Scatter <10; campsite U of C 1972; ASA 02-089 HRV 0 EePl-160 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-161 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-162 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-163 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-164 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-165 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-166 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-167 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-168 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-169 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-170 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-171 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-172 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-173 Campsite; settlement U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-174 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-175 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-176 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-177 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-178 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-179 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-180 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-181 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-182 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-183 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-184 Killsite U of C 1972; ASA 10-166 HRV 4 EePl-185 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-186 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-187 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 10-166 HRV 0 EePl-188 Stone feature U of C 1972; ASA 10-166 HRV 0 EePl-189 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-190 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-191 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-192 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-193 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-194 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-195 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-196 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-197 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-198 Stone feature U of C 1972; ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-199 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-200 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-201 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-202 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-203 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-142 HRV 0 EePl-204 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-142 HRV 0 EePl-205 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-142 HRV 0 EePl-206 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-142 HRV 0 EePl-207 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-208 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePl-209 Killsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032; ASA 94-023 HRV 0 EePl-210 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032; ASA 94-023 HRV 0 EePl-211 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032 HRV 0 EePl-212 Killsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032; ASA 98-081 HRV 0 EePl-213 Campsite; stone feature; killsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032; ASA 94-023 HRV 0 EePl-215 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 79-032; ASA 98-081 HRV 4 EePl-216 Campsite U of C 1974 / ASA 74-008 HRV 0 EePl-217 Campsite U of C 1974 / ASA 74-008; ASA 91-095 HRV 0 EePl-218 Killsite ASA 77-007 HRV 0 EePl-221 Isolated find ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-222 Scatter (lithic) ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-223 Scatter ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-224 Stone feature ASA 79-052; ASA 79-203 HRV 4 EePl-225 Scatter ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-226 Campsite ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-227 Isolated find ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-228 Isolated find ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-229 Scatter ASA 79-052 HRV 0 EePl-230 Campsite ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-231 Scatter ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-232 Homestead ASA 79-115 HRV 0 EePl-234 Isolated find ASA 90-012 HRV 0 EePl-236 Stone feature ASA 90-012 HRV 4 EePl-243 Campsite ASA 94-023; ASA 94-061 HRV 0 EePl-246 Campsite ASA 98-081 HRV 0 EePl-247 Campsite ASA 00-048 HRV 0 EePl-258 Killsite ASA 05-215 HRV 4 EePl-259 Isolated find ASA 04-229 HRV 0 EePl-260 Trail ASA 04-229 HRV 0 EePm-1 Killsite (bison) Glenbow 1957; ASA 05-495 HRV 4 EePm-2 Rock art Glenbow 1957; Klassen, M.A. 1992; ASA 05- HRV 4 495 EePm-3 Rock art Glenbow 1962; Klassen, M.A. 1992; ASA CRM HRV 1 279; ASA CRM 386; ASA 12-036 EePm-4 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-5 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-6 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-7 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-8 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-9 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-10 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 94-013 HRV 0 EePm-11 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-12 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-13 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-14 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-15 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-16 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-17 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-18 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-19 Killsite U of C 1972; ASA 94-013 HRV 0 EePm-20 Homestead U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-21 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-22 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-23 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-24 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-25 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-26 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-27 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-28 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-29 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-30 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-31 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-32 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-33 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-34 form missing N/A EePm-35 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-36 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-37 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-38 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-39 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-40 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-41 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-42 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-43 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-44 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-45 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 99-106 HRV 0 EePm-46 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-47 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-49 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-50 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-51 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-52 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-53 Campsite; stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-54 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-55 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-56 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-57 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-58 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-59 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-60 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-61 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-62 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-63 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-64 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-65 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-66 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-67 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-68 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-69 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-70 Stone feature U of C 1972; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 EePm-71 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-72 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-73 Stone feature U of C 1972; ASA 12-036 HRV 4 EePm-74 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-75 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-76 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-77 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-78 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-79 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-80 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-81 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-82 Scatter; stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-83 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-84 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-85 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-86 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-87 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-88 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-89 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-90 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-91 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-92 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-93 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-94 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-95 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-96 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-97 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePm-98 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm-99 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePm- Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 100 EePm- Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 101 EePm- Scatter ASA 85-030 HRV 0 103 EePm- Scatter ASA 85-030 HRV 0 104 EePm- Scatter ASA 85-030 HRV 0 105 EePm- Scatter (lithic) ASA 85-030 HRV 0 106 EePm- Collection TRACE 1991 HRV 0 107 EePn-1 Killsite Glenbow 1960 HRV 0 EePn-2 Stone feature Glenbow 1958; ASA 08-354 HRV 0 EePn-3 Campsite U of C 1970 HRV 0 EePn-4 Police post RCMP Centennial 1974-1975 HRV 0 EePn-5 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-6 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-7 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-8 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-9 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-10 Police post RCMP Centennial 1974-1975 HRV 4 EePn-11 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-12 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-13 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-14 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-15 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-16 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-17 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-18 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-19 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-20 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-21 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-22 Isolated find U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-23 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-24 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-25 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-26 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-27 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-28 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-29 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-30 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-31 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-32 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-33 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-34 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-35 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-36 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 96-025; ASA 03-143; ASA HRV 4 13-068 EePn-37 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 96-025; ASA 03-143 HRV 4 EePn-38 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-39 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-40 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-41 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-42 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-43 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-44 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-45 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-46 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-47 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-48 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-49 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-50 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-51 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-52 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-53 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-54 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-55 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-56 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-57 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-58 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-59 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-60 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-61 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-62 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-63 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-64 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-65 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-66 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-67 Scatter <10; campsite U of C 1972; ASA 02-271 HRV 0 EePn-68 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-69 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-70 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-71 Stone feature U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-72 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042; ASA 78-075; ASA HRV 0 86-080 EePn-73 Killsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042; ASA 78-020; ASA HRV 0 78-075; ASA 93-065 EePn-74 Campsite U of C 1972; ASA 75-042 HRV 4 EePn-75 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-76 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePn-77 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-78 Isolated find U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePn-79 Scatter; industrial (petroleum) ASA 84-005; ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EePn-80 Scatter ASA 85-030 HRV 0 EePn-81 Campsite ASA 86-080; ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EePn-82 Collection TRACE 1991 HRV 0 EePn-83 Campsite ASA 93-065 HRV 0 EePn-84 Campsite ASA 94-110 HRV 4 EePn-85 Campsite ASA 96-025; ASA 03-143; ASA 13-068 HRV 4 EePn-86 Campsite; killsite ASA 96-025; ASA 96-053 HRV 4 EePn-87 Scatter <10 ASA 01-004 HRV 0 EePn-88 Settlement ASA 04-197 / ASA 05-247 / ASA 06-124 / ASA HRV 4 07-187 / ASA 08-127 EePn-89 Scatter >10 ; workshop ASA 05-508; ASA 07-295 HRV 4 EePn-90 Campsite ASA 05-508; ASA 07-295 HRV 4 EePn-91 Campsite ASA 07-145 HRV 0 EePn-92 Isolated find ASA 07-145 HRV 0 EePo-1 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-2 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-3 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-4 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-5 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-6 Isolated find U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-7 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-8 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-9 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-10 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-11 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-12 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-13 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-14 Campsite U of C 1972 HRV 4 EePo-15 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-16 Scatter U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-17 Killsite U of C 1972 HRV 0 EePo-18 Settlement ASA 75-015 HRV 4 EePo-19 Campsite ASA 75-042; ASA 78-075 HRV 0 EePo-20 Isolated find ASA 78-020 HRV 0 EePo-21 Isolated find ASA 78-020 HRV 0 EePo-22 Campsite ASA 78-020; ASA 78-064 HRV 4 EePo-23 Isolated find ASA 78-075 HRV 0 EePo-24 Police post RCMP Centennial 1974 - 1975; ASA 91-012 HRV 4 EePo-25 Police post RCMP Centennial 1974 - 1975 HRV 4 EePo-26 Killsite ASA 91-012 HRV 4 EePo-27 Killsite ASA 91-012 HRV 4 EePp-1 Isolated find ASA 80-096; ASA CRM 276 HRV 0 EePp-2 Campsite ASA 82-072; ASA CRM 276 HRV 4 EePp-3 Campsite ASA 82-072; ASA CRM 276 HRV 4 EePp-4 Isolated find ASA 82-072; ASA CRM 276 HRV 0 EePp-5 Campsite ASA 82-072; ASA CRM 276 HRV 0 EePp-6 Campsite ASA 89-115 HRV 0 EePp-7 Campsite ASA 89-115 HRV 0 EePp-8 Campsite ASA 89-115 HRV 0 EePp-9 Stone feature ASA 89-115 HRV 4 EePp-10 Dwelling ASA 89-115 HRV 4 EePp-11 Transportation ASA 89-115; ASA CRM 276 HRV 0 EePp-12 Isolated find; transportation; ASA 89-115 HRV 0 transmission line EePp-13 Settlement ASA 89-115 HRV 4 EePp-14 Settlement ASA 89-115 HRV 0 EfPn-7 Collection Trace 1991 HRV 0 EfPn-10 Campsite ASA 94-110 HRV 0 EfPn-14 Scatter ASA 08-327 HRV 0

Table F7-2. List of all the Legal Land Title areas identified in Alberta Culture’s Significant Sites Listing as having Historical Resources Values of from 1 to 5 within the Sheep River Basin.

LSD's Section Township Range Meridian Alberta Culture's Significant Sites Listing Ranking 13,14 19 20 28 4 4 1,5,6,8-12,15,16 19 20 28 4 5 10,13,14,15 20 20 28 4 5 4,5,6,11 20 20 28 4 4 5,6,10,11,15 29 20 28 4 4 3,4,12,13,14 29 20 28 4 5 2,8,9,10,15 30 20 28 4 4 1,3,4,5,6,7,11,12,13,14,16 30 20 28 4 5 1,4,5,7,8 31 20 28 4 4 2,3,6,9,10,11,12,15,16 31 20 28 4 5 3,4,5,6,12,13 32 20 28 4 4 13,14,15,16 13 20 29 4 5 15,16 14 20 29 4 5 1,8,9,16 19 20 29 4 5 13 20 20 29 4 5 9 21 20 29 4 4 7,8,10,14,15,16 21 20 29 4 5 5,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 22 20 29 4 5 1,2,3,6,11,12,13 23 20 29 4 5 2,3 24 20 29 4 4 1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,16 24 20 29 4 5 1,16 25 20 29 4 5 1,2,3,4,5 27 20 29 4 5 1,2-11 28 20 29 4 5 12 28 20 29 4 2 9 29 20 29 4 2 5 29 20 29 4 4 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,10-16 29 20 29 4 5 9,16 30 20 29 4 5 1,8 30 20 29 4 4 1,8 31 20 29 4 5 4,5,6,10,11,12,13 32 20 29 4 5 1,8,9 36 20 29 4 5 3,4,5,6,11,12 5 21 28 4 4 13 5 21 28 4 5 9 18 21 29 4 5 1 31 19 2 5 4 13,14 31 19 2 5 5 13,14,15 27 19 3 5 5 12,14 28 19 3 5 4 5,6,10,11,13,15,16 28 19 3 5 5 9,16 29 19 3 5 4 1,2,7,8,9,10,15 29 19 3 5 5 1,2 32 19 3 5 5 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11 33 19 3 5 5 12,14 34 19 3 5 5 3,4,6,9,10,16 34 19 3 5 4 2,5,7,8,10,11,12,14,15 34 19 3 5 5 5,12,13,14,15,16 35 19 3 5 5 13,16 36 19 3 5 5 14 20 19 4 5 4 11 22 19 4 5 4 10 22 19 4 5 5 15 23 19 4 5 4 9,10,11,14,16 23 19 4 5 5 7 24 19 4 5 4 1,2,3,6,8,9,10,11 24 19 4 5 5 3 29 19 4 5 4 1,2,4,5 29 19 4 5 5 1,6,7 30 19 4 5 4 8,10 30 19 4 5 5 13 28 19 5 5 4 14 28 19 5 5 5 4,5,6,15,16 29 19 5 5 4 11,12 29 19 5 5 5 1 30 19 5 5 4 1,2 32 19 5 5 4 2,3,4 33 19 5 5 4 6,8 34 19 5 5 4 5,6 35 19 5 5 4 5,6,7,9,10 35 19 5 5 4 8,11 35 19 5 5 5 12 13 19 6 5 4 5,15 13 19 6 5 5 8,9 14 19 6 5 5 2 24 19 6 5 4 1 24 19 6 5 5 1,2-16 12 19 7 5 4 4 13 19 7 5 4 7 14 19 7 5 4 2 14 19 7 5 5 13,14 22 19 7 5 4 3,4,5,12 27 19 7 5 5 8,9,15,16 28 19 7 5 4 10,11,14 28 19 7 5 5 15 31 19 7 5 4 16 31 19 7 5 5 8,9,10,12,13 32 19 7 5 4 1,2,4,5,6,12 33 19 7 5 4 3,7,13 33 19 7 5 5 1-10,15,16 13 19 8 5 4 13 15 20 1 5 4 14,15,16 16 20 1 5 4 9,10,11,12 19 20 1 5 4 1-8,13,14,15,16 19 20 1 5 5 8,9,11,12,13,14,16 20 20 1 5 4 1-8,10 20 20 1 5 5 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,11,14 21 20 1 5 4 4,9,10,12,13,15,16 21 20 1 5 5 4,5,12,14,15,16 22 20 1 5 4 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,13 22 20 1 5 5 5,10,13,14,15 23 20 1 5 4 1-4,6-9,11,12,16 23 20 1 5 5 8,9,10,15,16 24 20 1 5 4 1-7,11-14 24 20 1 5 5 1,2,8 25 20 1 5 4 3,4,5,6,7,9-16 25 20 1 5 5 12,13 26 20 1 5 4 1-11,14-16 26 20 1 5 5 7,8,9,16 27 20 1 5 4 1-6,10-15 27 20 1 5 5 2,3,4 28 20 1 5 5 3,6,10 29 20 1 5 4 1,2,4,5,7,8,9,11-16 29 20 1 5 5 13,14 30 20 1 5 4 1-12,15,16 30 20 1 5 5 3,4 31 20 1 5 4 2,5,6,7 31 20 1 5 5 1,2 34 20 1 5 5 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,15,16 35 20 1 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6 36 20 1 5 5 1,2-16 5 20 2 5 5 10,14,15 6 20 2 5 1 4,5,6 6 20 2 5 4 1,2,3,7,8,9,11,12,13,15,16 6 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 7 20 2 5 5 3,4,12,13 8 20 2 5 4 1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,16 8 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 9 20 2 5 5 11,14 16 20 2 5 4 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,15,16 16 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 17 20 2 5 5 1 18 20 2 5 5 16 20 20 2 5 5 9 21 20 2 5 4 1-8,10-16 21 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 22 20 2 5 5 8,9,14,15,16 24 20 2 5 5 11,13,14,15 25 20 2 5 4 1-10,12,16 25 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 26 20 2 5 5 1,2-16 27 20 2 5 5 4 28 20 2 5 4 1,2,3,5-16 28 20 2 5 5 1,8 29 20 2 5 5 1 33 20 2 5 4 2,3-16 33 20 2 5 5 8,9 34 20 2 5 4 1-7,10-16 34 20 2 5 5 5,12 35 20 2 5 4 1,2,3,4,6-11,13-16 35 20 2 5 5 4 36 20 2 5 4 1,2,3,5-16 36 20 2 5 5 12 1 20 3 5 4 1-11,13-16 1 20 3 5 5 1,2,6,7,8,16 2 20 3 5 4 3,4,5,9-15 2 20 3 5 5 1,9 3 20 3 5 4 2-8,10-16 3 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 4 20 3 5 5 14 7 20 3 5 4 10,11,12,13,15 7 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 10 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 11 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 12 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 13 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 14 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 15 20 3 5 5 12,13 17 20 3 5 5 16 18 20 3 5 4 2,3,4,9,1012,13,15 18 20 3 5 5 1 19 20 3 5 4 2,4,5,7,8,12,13 19 20 3 5 5 4,5 20 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 26 20 3 5 5 1,2-16 27 20 3 5 5 4,5,12 30 20 3 5 5 1 34 20 3 5 4 2,3-16 34 20 3 5 5 4,5 35 20 3 5 5 16 13 20 4 5 4 9,10,14,15 13 20 4 5 5 2,8,16 24 20 4 5 4 1,3,6,7,8,9,10,15 24 20 4 5 5 1,8,12 25 20 4 5 4 2,5,6,7,9,10,11,13 25 20 4 5 5 8,9,16 26 20 4 5 5 11 34 20 4 5 4 5,6,7,10,12,13,14,15 34 20 4 5 5 5,6,7 6 20 5 5 4 3,4 6 20 5 5 5 13,16 26 20 5 5 4 14 26 20 5 5 5 16 27 20 5 5 4 4 5 20 7 5 4 4,5,7,8,10,12 6 20 7 5 4 1,2,3,6,9,11 6 20 7 5 5 1,2-16 1 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 2 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 3 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 4 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 5 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 6 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 7 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 8 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 9 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 10 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 11 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 12 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 13 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 14 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 15 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 16 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 17 21 1 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 18 21 1 5 5 1,2,7,8 21 21 1 5 5 1,2,7,8 22 21 1 5 4 3,4,5,6,9-16 22 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 23 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 24 21 1 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 26 21 1 5 5 1,2-16 1 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 2 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 3 21 2 5 5 11,12,13,14 3 21 2 5 5 1,2,7,8 3 21 2 5 5 3,4,5,6 3 21 2 5 5 5 4 21 2 5 4 1-4,6-16 4 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 5 21 2 5 5 12,13 6 21 2 5 4 1-11,14,15,16 6 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 7 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 8 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 9 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 10 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 11 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 12 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 13 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 14 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 15 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 16 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 17 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 18 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 19 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 20 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 21 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 22 21 2 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 23 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 28 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 29 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 30 21 2 5 5 1,2-16 31 21 2 5 5 1-8,11,12,13,14 32 21 2 5 5 3,4,5,6 33 21 2 5 5 9,10,15,16 1 21 3 5 5 1,2,7,8 1 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 2 21 3 5 5 15,16 3 21 3 5 4 1,2-14 3 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 4 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 5 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 6 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 7 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 8 21 3 5 5 1 9 21 3 5 2 2,3-16 9 21 3 5 5 1,2 10 21 3 5 4 3,4-16 10 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 11 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 12 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 13 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 14 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 15 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 16 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 17 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 18 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 19 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 20 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 21 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 22 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 23 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 24 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 25 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 26 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 27 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 28 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 29 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 30 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 31 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 32 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 33 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 34 21 3 5 5 5 35 21 3 5 4 1-4,6-16 35 21 3 5 5 1,2-16 36 21 3 5 5 12,13 16 21 4 5 5 15,16 17 21 4 5 4 9,10,11,12,13,14 17 21 4 5 5 16 18 21 4 5 5 1,8 19 21 4 5 5 3,4 20 21 4 5 4 1,2,5,6,7 20 21 4 5 5 13 13 21 5 5 4 15,16 14 21 5 5 4 1,2,7,8 23 21 5 5 4 4,5 24 21 5 5 4 1,2-16 6 22 2 5 5 3,4,5,6,11,12,13,14 7 22 2 5 5 3,4,5,6 18 22 2 5 5 1,2-16 1 22 3 5 5 1,2-16 2 22 3 5 5 1,2-16 3 22 3 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 4 22 3 5 5 3,4,5,6 5 22 3 5 5 1,2,7,8,9,10,15,16 11 22 3 5 5 1,2-16 12 22 3 5 5 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 13 22 3 5 5

Table F7-3. Areas of Archaeological Potential

LSD's Section Township Range Meridian Archaeology Group Ranking 1,2,7,8-16 5 20 29 4 Medium to High 9,10-16 6 20 29 4 Medium to High 1,8,9,16 7 20 29 4 Medium to High 2-6,9-16 8 20 29 4 Medium to High 5,6-12 9 20 29 4 Medium to High 5,11,12 14 20 29 4 Medium to High 9,15,16 15 20 29 4 Medium to High 2-8,9-11,13-16 17 20 29 4 Medium to High 3-6,11-14 20 20 29 4 Medium to High 16 23 20 29 4 Medium to High 13 24 20 29 4 Medium to High 4-6,11-14 25 20 29 4 Medium to High 2-12,14-16 26 20 29 4 Medium to High 14,15 27 20 29 4 Medium to High 7-9,15,16 32 20 29 4 Medium to High 1,2-8 34 20 29 4 Medium to High 1,2-10 35 20 29 4 Medium to High 4,5 36 20 29 4 Medium to High 1,2,7,8,9,10,16 6 21 28 4 Medium to High 1,2,7,8,9,10 6 21 29 4 Medium to High 5,6,7,9,10 19 19 3 5 Medium to High 12,13,14 20 19 3 5 Medium to High 2,3 29 19 3 5 Medium to High 1,8,9,12,13,16 13 19 4 5 Medium to High 9,16 14 19 4 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,7,9,10,16 17 19 4 5 Medium to High 15,16 20 19 4 5 Medium to High 3,4,6,7,8,10,11,12 21 19 4 5 Medium to High 5,6,9,16 22 19 4 5 Medium to High 13 23 19 4 5 Medium to High 12 24 19 4 5 Medium to High 12 30 19 4 5 Medium to High 12,13,14 19 19 5 5 Medium to High 2,3 30 19 5 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6 32 19 5 5 Medium to High 1 33 19 5 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4,5,7 34 19 5 5 Medium to High 4 35 19 5 5 Medium to High 1,7,8,10,11,12 36 19 5 5 Medium to High 3,6,11,12,13 2 19 6 5 Medium to High 13,14,15,16 7 19 6 5 Medium to High 9,10,13,14,15,16 8 19 6 5 Medium to High 9,10-16 9 19 6 5 Medium to High 13,14,15 10 19 6 5 Medium to High 4,5,12,13 11 19 6 5 Medium to High 11,14 13 19 6 5 Medium to High 4,5,6,7 14 19 6 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4 15 19 6 5 Medium to High 4 17 19 6 5 Medium to High 1,2-8 18 19 6 5 Medium to High 2,3 13 19 7 5 Medium to High 6,8,11,12,13 14 19 7 5 Medium to High 16 15 19 7 5 Medium to High 1 21 19 7 5 Medium to High 1,2,5,6,7,8,11,12 22 19 7 5 Medium to High 11,14 32 19 7 5 Medium to High 9,10,15,16 4 20 1 5 Medium to High 13,14 7 20 1 5 Medium to High 15,16 8 20 1 5 Medium to High 1,8,9 9 20 1 5 Medium to High 12,13 10 20 1 5 Medium to High 3,4,6,7 15 20 1 5 Medium to High 1,2,7,8,9,10,15,16 17 20 1 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6,11,12,13,14 18 20 1 5 Medium to High 9,10,14,15,16 28 20 1 5 Medium to High 10,11,15 31 20 1 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,14 33 20 1 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6,11,12,14 34 20 1 5 Medium to High 7,8,9,10 11 20 2 5 Medium to High 5,12,13,14,15,16 12 20 2 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4 13 20 2 5 Medium to High 13,14 30 20 3 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,15,16 31 20 3 5 Medium to High 10,13,14,15 6 20 4 5 Medium to High 2,7,11,14 7 20 4 5 Medium to High 9,16 16 20 4 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6,11,12,14,15 18 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,2 19 20 4 5 Medium to High 5,9,10,11,12,13,14 20 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,8,9,11,12,16 21 20 4 5 Medium to High 9,10-16 22 20 4 5 Medium to High 13,14,15 23 20 4 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,7 26 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,7,8-16 27 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,15,16 28 20 4 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,5,6,7,11,12 30 20 4 5 Medium to High 9,10,14,15,16 32 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4,5,6 33 20 4 5 Medium to High 1,2 36 20 4 5 Medium to High 9,10,11,14 13 20 5 5 Medium to High 11,14 15 20 5 5 Medium to High 12 17 20 5 5 Medium to High 3,6,7,8,9,10,11 18 20 5 5 Medium to High 2,7,8,9 21 20 5 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,12,13 22 20 5 5 Medium to High 6,9,10,11,12,13 25 20 5 5 Medium to High 15 26 20 5 5 Medium to High 9,10,11,13,14,15 27 20 5 5 Medium to High 5,12,14,15,16 28 20 5 5 Medium to High 1,8,10 34 20 5 5 Medium to High 4 35 20 5 5 Medium to High 13,14 29 20 6 5 Medium to High 2,3,8 32 20 6 5 Medium to High 5,6,9,10 33 20 6 5 Medium to High 9,10,11,12,16 34 20 6 5 Medium to High 13,14 35 20 6 5 Medium to High 13,14,15,16 1 21 4 5 Medium to High 6,7,19,11,13,14,15,16 2 21 4 5 Medium to High 9,16 3 21 4 5 Medium to High 4 5 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,6,7,8,11,12 6 21 4 5 Medium to High 9,10,15,16 9 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,16 10 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,4,5 11 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2-16 12 21 4 5 Medium to High 4,5 13 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,8,9,10,15,16 14 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,7,8,9,10,15,16 15 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,8 16 21 4 5 Medium to High 8,9,10,11,13,14,15 20 21 4 5 Medium to High 3,4,5,6 21 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,7,10 22 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,6,-16 23 21 4 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,5,6,7 26 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,8-16 27 21 4 5 Medium to High 9,10,15,16 28 21 4 5 Medium to High 3,4 29 21 4 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,10 30 21 4 5 Medium to High 7,8,9 36 21 4 5 Medium to High 9,10,15,16 1 21 5 5 Medium to High 13,14 5 21 5 5 Medium to High 13 6 21 5 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4 7 21 5 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4 8 21 5 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,4 9 21 5 5 Medium to High 6,7,9,10,11 10 21 5 5 Medium to High 9,10,11,12,14,15 11 21 5 5 Medium to High 2,3,6,11,12 12 21 5 5 Medium to High 2,3,7,8 25 21 5 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,5,7 26 21 5 5 Medium to High 2,3,4,5,8 27 21 5 5 Medium to High 6,7,8,11 28 21 5 5 Medium to High 9,10,15,16 36 21 5 5 Medium to High 5,6,11,14,15,16 1 21 6 5 Medium to High 1,2,3,8 2 21 6 5 Medium to High 3,6 12 21 6 5 Medium to High