Chapter-7 Profile of District

7.1 A Historical Perspective : Nashik has a personaUty of its own, due to its mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks of the , making it one of the holiest places for all over the world. Nashik has a rich historical past, as the mythology has it that Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, made Nashik his adobe during his 14 years in exile. At the same place Lord Laxman, by the wish of Lord Rama, cut the nose of 'Shurpnakha' and thus this city was named as 'Nashik'. In Kritayuga, Nashik was 'Trikantak', 'Janasthana' in Dwaparyuga and later in Kuliyuga it became 'Navashikh' or 'Nashik'. Renowned poets like Valmiki, Kalidas and Bhavabhooti have paid rich tributes here. Nashi in 150 BC was believed to be the country's largest market place. From 1487 AD this province came under the rule of Mughals and was known as 'Gulchanabad'. It was also home of Emperor Akbar and he has written at length about Nashik in 'Ein-e-Akbari'. It was also known as the 'Land of the brave' during the regime of Chhatrapati ShivajiMaharaj.

7.1.1 Ramayana Period : No one knows when the city of Nashik came into existence. It is stated to have been present even in the Stone Age. Lord Ramchandra along with wife Sita and brother Laxman settled down in Nashik for the major time of their 'Vanwasa'. According to the mythology, Laxman cut the nose ('Nasika' in Sanskrita) of 'Shurpanakha' and hence the city got the name 'Nashik'. Long ago, Brahmadeva had meditated in 'Padmasana' here, so the city was also called 'Padma-Aasana' for some time.

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Page I 236 7.1.2 Peshwa Period : In the recent past, the Moguls were fascinated by the beauty of the city and renamed it as 'Gulshanabad' meaning the city of gardens. Beautiful fresh flowers were sent to Aurangazeb from Gulshanabad i.e. Nashik. But it was during the rule of the Peshwas, when the place was finally renamed as Nashik. During the Peshwas period, Raghobadada and his wife Anandibai settled down at 'Anandwalli' in Nashik. There are some remains of Anandibai's fort. There is also a temple called 'Navasha Ganapati' built by Anandibai. It was during the British rule in April 1818, when Nashik once again regained its importance. The British fell in love with the beauty of the city and developed it in various fields. The Golf course, developed by the British, was one of the largest in Asia. Nashik is surrounded by nine hills, namely: Durga, Ganesh, Chitraghanta, Pandav, Dinger Ali, Mhasarul, Jogwada, Pathanpura and Konkani. This beautiful city with hills surrounding it has lakes, adding to its beauty. Rise & Growth of National Movement In 1869 the region came to enjoy unbroken peace. In 1869 Nashik was made a full-fledged district with its present talukas. With the return of peace Nashik flourished into prosperity. Reasons, political, religious, as well as commercial led to its rapid development. With the construction of the railway, going from Bombay to north-east, from very near the city, religious minded devotees came to be attracted to the town in ever increasing numbers where they made their purchases of various artistic & useful articles. This made Nashik a great trade centre where artisans skilled in manufacturing utensils &. smiths excelling in workmanship in silver & gold crowded to ply their trade. Already Nashik was a highly flourishing town even under later rule some time during that period the sow car families like braves, Vaishampayans & Gadres of the locality started their financial activity. Under Maratha rule they advanced sums to finance military campaigns of feudal Sardars & in their later times their Pedhi's gradually began to finance the flourishing trade in metal ware & fabrics as well as grapes & onions. By the middle of 19th century the British Rule was firmly established & the public life of Nashik began to pulsating with activities suited to the times. In 1840 was

Page I 237 established a 'Native Library Nashik'. In 1861 an Anglo-vernacular school was started & 1864, the town came to have a municipality of its own. During these days there lived in Nashik a saintly person, known as Dev Mamaledar. His name was Yeshvant Mahadev Bhosekar. He began his career as an humble clerk in the revenue department & gradually rose to the position of Mamaledar. He always had a feeling for the poor & the suffering. During the period of his service as a Mamledar in Baglan Taluka, which has its head quarter at Satana, A severe famine affected the area & Bhosekar generously helped the people to alleviate their sufferings. He always led a virtuous life & spent his spare moments in devout religious practices. In course of time he became so famous that princes & people began to respect him as a saint & called him Yeshvantrav Maharaj. Upon his death in 1887 people raised a small beautiful temple for his Samadhi on the ban of the river where his last funeral rites were performed. The paved floor around came to be known as Yeshvant Patangana, which has now become a great centre of public assemblage & activity.

7.2 Milestones in the history of Nashik : Some of the major events in the history of Nashik are - Table No. 7.1: Milestones in the history of Nashik Sr. Year Particulars No. 1 1840 1840 Sarvajanik Vachanalaya Established. (Public Library) 2 1854 1854 Sharanpur Colony formed 3 1861 1861 Deolali Cantonment formed 4 1862 1862 Nashik Road Railway Station was built 5 1864 1864 Nashik Municipality formed 6 1869 1869 Nashik District formed 7 1894 1894 Saint Andrew Church built 8 1894 1894 Construction work for Victoria Bridge started 9 1910 1910 Police Training School established 10 1922 1922 Distillery started at Nashik Road

Page I 238 11 1927 1927 Security Press formed at Nashik Road 1941 Artillery Center migrated to Nashik Road from 12 1941 Quetta in Pakistan Source : http://www.nashik.nic.in

7.3 Nashik District at a Glance : Nashik District is located between 18.33 degree and 20.53 degree North Latitude and between 73.16 degree and 75.16 degree East Longitude at Northwest part of the Maharashtra State, at 565 meters above mean sea level. The District has great mythological background. Lord Rama lived in Panchvati during his vanvas. Agasti Rushi also stayed in Nashik for Tapasya. The Godavari river originates from Trimbakeshwar in Nashik. One of the 12 Jyotirlingas also at Trimbakeshwar. Nashik has to its credit many well known and towering personalities like Veer Sawarkar, Anant Kanhere, Rev. Tilak, Dadasaheb Potnis, Babubhai Rathi, V.V. Shirwadkar and Vasant Kanetkar just name few. Nashik is also known as Mini Maharashtra, because the climate and soil conditions of , Peth, resembles with Konkan, , , Dindori, Baglan blocks are like Western Maharashtra and , Nandgaon & blocks are like Vidarbha Region. Nashik, , , Igatpuri are some of the big cities situated in the Nashik District. Recently two talukas are created in the District making the total talukas to 15. Out of 15 blocks in the District, as many as 8 blocks viz Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri, Kalwan, Baglan, Dindori, Trimbakeshwar & Nashik are tribal blocks. The district also identified as tribal by the State Government. Many important rivers of Maharashtra originate in the district. Godavari which is popularly known as Ganga of South originates at holy place Trimbakeshwar. Another major river is Gima. Other rivers are Dama, Mosam, Aram, Vaitama, Manyad and Kadwa. A Taluka is an administrative block generally comprising about 90 to 100 contiguous villages, with a small town as its headquarters. On an average 8 to 10 Talukas make up a district. Nashik became full-fledged district in 1869. At that time there were 13

Page I 239 talukas and Government has announced two more talukas on 26th June 1999 (Deola and Trimbakeshwar). At present 15 talukas are representing district. Malegaon taluka is the largest in area in the district, occupying 12 percent area of the district, whereas Peth is the smallest taluka having 3.36 percent area followed by Deola having 3.8 percent area; remaining talukas having on an average 5 to 9 percent area of total district. As per 2001 census, the district is having total 1931 villages out of four villages are uninhabited. 7.3.1 Temperature : Though average rainfall of the district is between 2600 and 3000 mm, there is wide variation in the rainfall received at various blocks. Most of the rainfall is received at various blocks. Most of the rainfall is received from June to September. The maximum temperature in summer is 42.5 degree centigrade and minimum temperature in winter is less than 5.0 degree centigrade. Relative humidity ranges from 43% to 62%. Climate of the Nashik is generally compares with that of Banglore and Pune because of its pleasant nature. However in recent years it is noticed that the temperature is increasing and the rainfall is decreasing due to industrialization and fast deforestation. 7.3.2 Forest: The forest area in the Nashik district lie in the western part of the district. The forest in the district covers 3,20,668-hectare area, which is 20.5 percent of total geographical area. Surgana, Kalwan, Peth, Dindori, Nashik, Igatpuri, Trimbakeshwar talukas have a number of forests. Teak, Sissov trees are found in large number of these forests. The forest area is mainly located in the western, northern and southwestern regions of the district. Teak is the main species, other species are Sadala, hed, Haldu, Sisum, Khair, Tiwas, Bibla, and Dhavada Bamboos. The details about total geographical area, Forest area and percentage of forest to geographical total area is shown in Table No. 7.2.

Page 1240 Table No. 7.2 : Forest Area in Nashik District (Hectare) Total % of Forest to Sr. Forest Year Geographical Geographical No. Ares Area Total Area 1 1997-1998 1563430 311248 19.9 2 1998-1999 1563430 332310 21.3 3 1999-2000 1563430 282865 18.1 4 2000-2001 1563430 320668 20.2 Source : District Socio-Economic Survey - Nashik Dist., 2001-02

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7.3.3 River: As a result of new technology in many industries the demand for water has increased greatly. Consequently, the problem of seciring usable water at reasonable rate is now a major one. An adequate water supply is necessity in choosing a site for industries including poultry farming. The following are the important rivers of the Nashik District. The important rivers and their length of Nashik District is shown in Table No. 7.3

Table No. 7.3 : Rivers & their Length in Nashik District

Page I 241 Sr. Name of the Length Talukas through which flows No. River (km) 1. Godavari 111 Nashik, Niphad 2. Girana 114 Surgana, Kalwan, Baglan, Nandgaon 3. Vaitarana 40 Igatpuri 4. Dama 80 Igatpuri, Nashik, Niphad 5. Kadwa 74 Dindori 6. Manaid 48 Nandgaon 7. Mosam 98 Baglan, Malegaon Source : http://www.nashik.nic.in

7.3.4 Crop and Cropping Pattern : The crops like , paddy and other cereals are grown in various parts of the District. But Bajra & Maize are the major crops. Paddy is mainly grown in Tribal belt i.e. Igatpuri, Peth, and Surgana Blocks. Vegetables and Onion were main cash crops for last 30 years. Because of variety of vegetables and its supply to , the District was known as Backyard of Mumbai. After establishment of sugar factories. has acquired important position in the agriculture economy of the District. One sugar factory under private sector at Ravalgaon and other sugar factories under co-operative sector at Niphad, Ranwad, Palse, Materewadi and Vithewadi are functioning in the District. Economic development in the rural area with speed started only after establishment of sugar factories. The Government has granted permission for starting four sugar factories under private sector as a result of the liberalization. One sugar factory in private sector has started functioning in Satana Block (Dwarkadhish) This development was however concentrated around the existing sugar factories. Since last 20 years the grape has acquired dominance on the agricultural economy of District. Due to water shortage in Kalwan, Deola, Baglan and Malegaon blocks the farmers have shifted to Pomegranate from sugar cane and grape crops. Some progressive farmers are cultivating flowers in green houses.

Page I 242 These developments also indicate that the farmers in the District adopt new technology and methods of cultivation very fast.The district has been identified for the purpose of establishment of Wine Park and Food Park. Climate in the District is also suitable for allied activities such as Dairy, Poultry, and Sheep & Goat rearing. There are two large units of poultry viz. C & M Groups and Ashok Kumar Hatcheries in Nashik. Few years back some farmers have tried to establish medium sized goat rearing units imder stall-fed conditions. However the results are not encouraging. Dairy has been identified as Key activity under S.G.S.Y. in almost all the blocks. The district has unlimited potential for dairy activity. Allied activities have also very good scope, as the gigantic market of Mumbai is at the doorstep of the District. i. Cropping pattern : Cropping pattern means the proportion of area under different crops at a point of time. A change in cropping pattern implies a change in the proportion of area under different crops. The cropping pattern of the Nashikdistrict is given in the Table No. 5.4.

Table No. 7.4 : Cropping Pattern (Hectares) Sr. Crops 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2001-02 No. 1. Cereals 6261 5870 5532 5245 5518 2. Pulses 707 1104 668 641 648 3. Fibers 70 75 73 111 99 4. Sugarcane 296 193 286 289 313 5. Fruits 300 323 284 272 300 6. Spices 59 56 57 67 61 7. Others 1257 1846 1732 1795 1708 Total Area 8950 9467 8632 8420 8647

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The above Table No. 5.4 indicates the share of different categories of crops in the total are sown. Bajara, Rice, Jawar are the main Kharif crops of Nashik district, cotton and groundnuts are also grown here. Jawar, Wheat and Gram are grown in the district during the rabbi season. 7.3.5 Availability & Usage of Electricity ; The district has one electricity project at Eklahare having linear capacity of 910 megawatt. In the district all towns and were electrified. The use of electricity profoundly changed the structure and role of energy supplies in modem industry and has certain important consequences on the location of industrial activity. During 2001-02, 18281 lakh kilowatt electricity was used in the district. Out of this 17.28 percent was utilized for industry, 16.62 was utilized for domestic purpose and 6.06 percent was utilized for agriculture purpose. Total electric connections recorded were 8,28,232 as against 7,50,514 recorded till 2000-01. In the district up to 31'' March 2002 all towns and villages were supplied with electricity for irrigation purpose, and 2,03,228 electric pumps were lifting the water. Out of these Niphad taluka was on the top having 18 percent pumps sets and Peth taluka was at the lowest having 0.36

Page 1244 percent electric pumps set as on 31.03.2002 because of hilly and rocky forest area. 7.3.6 Transport: The Nashik District is connected with roads, railways and air. The district is having total length of roads of 7290 kms up to 31 st March 2002 as against 7261 as on 31st March 2001. The total road length of the Maharashtra State was 2.66 lakh kms up to 31st March 2002. Nashik is located at the railway route of Mumbai-Delhi main broad guage route and another broad gauge route is Manmad-Pune, length of central railway of 287 kms. routed through Igatpuri, Nashik, Niphad, Nandgaon, and Yeola Talukas. Manmad is the place in district having junction railway station. The district was having 3,93,179 and 4,34,244 registered vehicles as on 31.03.2001 and as on 31.03.2002 respectively. Major transport on road as public transport is the buses of MSRTS. Two national highways running through the Nashik District are, a. Mumbai-Agra Highway (National Highway No.3): Enters into Igatpuri Taluka and traveling through Igatpuri, Nashik, Chandwad and Malegaon Talukas leaves the district at Zodiac village of Malegaon Taluka. b. Nashik-Pune Highway (National Highway No.50): After crossing Nashik, Sirmar Taluka laves the district in Hanuman Ghat, Kashe Ghat on the south. 7.3.7 Communication : Communication can be made through telephone, post mailing services, fax, mobile,e-mail etc. In Nashik district upto 31st March 2002 more than 667 places were provided with post offices; up to the end of March 2002 for every lakh population 13 post offices were providing services. As on 31st March 2001 and 31st March 2002 in the district 58 and 74 places were having telegram facility.In recent years business of private courier services are developed are and people are availing of the facility even in taluka places. In the district up to 31st March 2002, more than 2.25 lakhs telephone connections were given. It means there is 13 percent increase as compared to 2001. Almost in all villages telephone on national and international level is available, telex

Page I 245 facility is also available at all talukas. Private and Government mobile services are available in the district, Nashik District has local and non-local newspapers. 7.3.8 Public Health Services : In the year 2001-02 the district has public aided 60 hospitals, 113 dispensaries, 134 delivery centers and 103 primary health centers. In all these 5600 total beds were available, out of which 2329 beds were for ladies patients only. Total doctors working were 657 and they admitted 1.60 lakh patients and other medicated patients were 20.54 lakhs. More recently emphasis has been given to AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) control, cancer control and special health facilities in the tribal area in the district. 7.3.9 Education : The first school in the Nashik was opened in 1861 as 'Superior Anglo vernacular school', which was transformed into Nashik High school in 1871 and was the first Secondary School in the district. In 1883-84 Church Mission started another school at Satpur. In 1923-24 Nashik Education Society was established which later on came to be known as Pethe High School in 1948.In the year 2000-01 Nashik District was having 3322 primary schools, 648 secondary and higher secondary schools. Out of the total 10.65 lakh students in primary and secondary schools, 49.89 percent were girls and remaining 50.11 percent were boys. Out of the total students in primary, secondary and higher secondary schools 9.83 percent and 20.67 percent students were from scheduled caste and scheduled tribe respectively in the district. During the year 2000-01 Nashik District was having 32 Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges. The students studying in these colleges from XI onwards were 37216, out of this 40.12 percent were girls and remaining 59.88 percent were boys. The District is having Eight Engineering and Nine Polytechnic institutions, One Medical college, Three Ayurvedic colleges. Eighteen Industrial Training Institutes, Fourteen B. Ed., Sixteen D.Ed, and Two Law colleges. Apart from this the district has education institutes in the areas like Management, Computer Science, Hotel Management and Catering Technology etc.

Page I 246 7.3.10 Agriculture : In Maharashtra State out of the total area under agriculture, about 84 percent is depending upon monsoon. Nashik District agriculture is depending upon monsoon. As per land survey during 2000-01, 75 percent agricultural land is depending upon monsoon. Soil, topography, climate and monsoon is few talukas in district are into favorable for agriculture. As a result per hectare yield is low, rather reducing due to low rainfall, draught in recent years. Landholding is the size of land held by landowner. Average size of holding in hectares, number of land holders and total area of land held by the land holders in the Nashik district in the Table No.5.5 -

Table No. 7.5 : Average Size of Land Holding (1990-91)

Sr. Size of Holding Total Holding No. (Area in Hectare) No. Area (Hectare) 1. Less than 0.02 Hectare 2565 27 2. 0.02 to 0.05 Hectares 51657 14199 3. 0.05 to 1.00 Hectares 62418 47354 4. 1.00 to 2.00 Hectares 117679 173508 5. 2.00 to 3.00 Hectares 66561 161793 6. 3.00 to 4.00 Hectares 35019 120887 7. 4.00 to 5.00 Hectares 21311 94855 8. 5.00 to 7.50 Hectares 26321 159895 9. 7.50 to 10.00 Hectares 10660 91009 10. 10.00 to 20.00 Hectares 8563 112387 11. 20.00 Hectares and above 1063 41350 Total 403817 1017265 Source : District socio - Economic Survey - Nashik District 2001-02

As per agricultural survey conducted during 1990-91, 4.03,817 landholders were recorded with having 10,17,243 hectares land, average landholding was 2.52 hectares, 58 percent landholders were having less than 2 hectares land and these landholders were having 23 percent of total land, 25.15

Page I 247 percent landholders were having 2 to 4 hectares land and were having 28 percent of total land, 24 percent of total land 2.12 percent landholders were having 10 to 20 hectares and more than 20 hectares land and these landholders were having 11 percent and 4 percent of total land respectively in the district. Agriculture forms the backbone of the Indian economy and despite rapid industrialization in the last five decades; agriculture occupies a place of pride. Being the largest industry in the country, agriculture provides employment to the around 65 percent of the total workforce in the country.

Table No. 7.6 : Distribution of Agricultural Land (Area 000 Hectares) Sr. Particulars 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 No. 1. Cultivated for agriculture 947 863 842 865 2. Forest area 311 332 283 320 3. Not Cuhivated 112 102 79 115 4. Not available for agriculture 193 266 359 263 Total Geographical Area 1563 1563 1563 1563 Source : District Socio - Economic Survey - Nashik District, 2001-02

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Page I 248 As per land survey during 2000-01, total area of the district was 1537 thousand hectares, out of which 20.53 percent area is occupied by forest, hence 51.75 percent is net area under cultivation, 9.08 percent are is not available for agriculture, 2.94 percent area though cultivable but not cultivated and 8.31 percent area is barren land. 865 thousand hectares land was under cultivation out of which 56 thousand hectares area has been cultivated at more than one time in a year, out of the net cultivated area this was 7 percent. As per land survey of 2000-01 out of the total cultivated are 85.91 percent area was cultivated with food grains and 14.09 percent area were cultivated with non­ food grains. In cereal crop bajara was at the top in cultivation with 61 percent are under cereals. In the district sugarcane, grapes vegetables are the main cash crops. 7.3.11 Classification of Worker : The classification of workers is related with their occupation. We divide occupations into three different types. Agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishery, etc. are collectively known as 'primary' activities. Manufacturing industries, both small and large scale, are known as 'secondary' activities. Transport, communication, banking and finance services are called 'tertiary' activities, which help the primary and secondary activities in the country. The occupation wise classification of workers in the Nashik District is given in the Table No.7.7

Table No. 7.7 : Occupation wise Classification of Workers Sr. No. Particulars Rural Urban Total Primary Sector 1. Male 538(81.14) 32 (9.52) 570 (57.05) 2. Female 500 (95.78) 20 (30.76) 520 (88.58) Total 1038 (87.59) 52 (12.96) 10.90 (68.72) Secondary Sector 1. Male 50 (7.54) 144 (42.85) 194(19.41) 2. Female 11(2.10) 17(26.15) 28 (4.77)

Page I 249 Total 61 (5.14) 161 (40.14) 222 (13.99) Tertiary Sector 1. Male 75(11.32) 160(40.61) 235 (23.52) 2. Female 11(2.12) 28 (43.07) 30 (6.64) Total 86 (7.25) 188 (46.80) 274 (17.27) Grand Total 1. Male 663 (100.00) 336(100.00) 999 (100.00) 2. Female 522 (100.00) 28 (100.00) 587(100.00) Total 1185(100.00) 401 (100.00) 1586 (100.00) Sourc

Proportion of main workers to total population in Maharashtra State in 2001 was 39.3 percent, which has decreased from 41.13 percent in 1991. As per broad economic classification four categories are made for composition of workers. As per the 1991 census, in the district 15.85 lakh workers were recorded, which were 41.13 percent of total population. Out of these workers 43.30 percent were cultivators, 24.16 percent were agricultural labors, 1.46 percent were in the household industry and 14.40 were in other classes. The proportion of cultivators in the state declined from 34 percent in 1991 to 28.6 percent in 2001. It means there is shift of work force from agriculture to other sectors in the last decade.

7.4 Population: India possesses about 2.4 percent of the total land area of the world but it has to support about 16 percent of the world population. The size of the population of Nashik District is given in following Table No. 7.8

Table No. 7.8 : Taluka wise Population Area Density Population Sr. Taluka Particulars Sq. Per No. Kms. Sq. km. Total Male Female 1. Nashik Total 810.57 1625 1317081 705901 611180

Page I 250 Rural 536.36 308 165033 85939 79094 Urban 274.21 4201 1152048 619962 532086 Total 560.60 173 96755 48568 48187 2. Peth Rural 560.60 173 96755 48568 48187 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 1342.19 197 264731 135670 129061 3. Dindori Rural 1342.09 197 264731 135670 129061 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 845.65 172 145036 72943 72093 4. Surgana Rural 845.65 165 138892 69641 69251 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 859.71 192 165437 83789 81648 5. Kalwan Rural 859.71 192 165437 83789 81648 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 1477.83 211 311148 159714 151434 6. Baglan Rural 1461.88 191 278597 142937 135650 Urban 15.95 2041 32551 16767 15784 Total 1825.13 432 788961 405416 383545 7. Malegaon Rural 1800.09 185 333112 172544 160568 Urban 25.04 18205 455849 232872 222977 Total 958.73 214 205145 105888 99257 8. Chandwad Rural 958.73 214 205145 105888 99257 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 1098.82 217 236359 122109 114250 9. Nandgaon Rural 1057.23 133 140756 73132 67624 Urban 32.59 2934 95603 48977 46626

Total 1064.47 221 235379 121350 114029 10. Yeola Rural 1051.68 183 192174 98945 93229 Urban 12.79 3378 43205 22405 20800 11. Niphad Total 1053.65 414 436330 226311 210019

Page I 251 Rural 1006.00 376 378035 195630 182405 Urban 47.65 1223 58295 30681 27614 Total 1352.61 215 291025 150774 140251 12. Sinnar Rural 1348.88 192 259298 134291 125007 Urban 3.73 8506 31727 16483 15244 Total 846.32 270 228363 117065 111298 13. Igatpuri Rural 828.12 213 176587 90240 86347 Urban 18.20 2845 51776 26825 24951 Total 884.18 154 136160 69061 67099 14. Rural 882.00 143 126356 63936 62420 Urban 1.89 5187 9804 5125 4679 Total 576.94 225 130013 67421 62592 15. Deola Rural 576.94 225 130013 67421 62592 Urban 000.00 000 00000 00000 00000 Total 15530 321 4987923 2591980 2395943 Dis trict Total Rural 15112 202 3050921 1568581 1482340 Urban 436 4447 1937002 1023399 913603 Source:D istrict Socio - Economic; Survey - !•vTashi k Dist rict, 2001 --02

As per the population census of 2001 Maharashtra population was 9.67 crore which was 9.4 percent of the total population of the country (102.70 crore). Nashik district is largest district in respect of population after Mumbai. Total population of the district is 49,87,923 out of which 25,91,980 are male and 23,95,943 are female. During the decade 1991-2001 the population of the district has increased by 29.51 percent, which is excess by 6.9 percent of state increase. As per the census of 2001 Nashik Taluka is having highest population of 26.40 percent, whereas Surgana is having lowest population of 2.91 percent of the district. The biggest taluka Malegaon is having 15.82 percent population, Niphad and Baglan talukas are having 8.08 percent and 6.24 percent population respectively and remaining talukas are having 3 to 6 percent population of the district.

Page I 252 7.4.1 Density of Population : Density of population means the average number of persons living per sq. kilometer. It also indicates the man land ratio. The density of population cannot be treated as an index either of the poverty or of the prosperity of a country. Table No. 7.9 : Decadal Variations of Population Density Density Female Decadal Rate Sr. Year Per Sq. Per 1000 No. kms. Males Total Rural Urban 1. 2001 321 924 29.52 22.93 41.49 2. 1991 248 940 28.73 20.25 47.52 3. 1981 193 937 26.28 22.05 36.80 4. 1971 152 920 27.20 22.49 42.84 5. 1961 119 945 29.75 30.22 28.39 6. 1951 92 715 0.00 0.00 0.00 Source : District Socio - Economic Survey - Nashik District, 2001 - 02

As per population census of 2001 the density of population of the district is 321, almost equal to that of Maharashtra (314) and India (312). As per 1991 population census the density of population in the district was 248, during the decade 1991-2001 there was an addition of 73 persons per Kilometer. Nashik Taluka is having highest population 1625 per sq.km. whereas Trimbak Taluka is having lowest population density of 154 per sq.km. 7.4.2 Urban Population : As per the 2001 population census 42.4 percent (4.10 crores) of the Maharashtra state population was in urban areas, as against 27.8 percent (58.53 crores) at all India level. In Nashik District, out of the total population of 49.88 lakh, 38.8 percent (19.37 lakh) are living in urban area. Out of this 59.48 percent population is from nashik city only, 23.58 percent is from Malegaon, the second largest city. Population density in urban area is 4447 per sq. km. The urban population has incrased by 5.41 lakhs during the decade (1991- 2001). Economic developed is generally associated with the growth of

Page 1253 urbanization. Some writers say that acid test of development lies in the shift of population from the rural to the urban areas.

Table No. 7.10 : Decadal Variation of Urban Population (000) Sr. No. Year Total Male Female 1. 2001 1937 1023 914 2. 1991 1369 715 654 3. 1981 928 491 437 4. 1971 678 356 322 5. 1961 475 253 222 6. 1951 370 194 176 Source ; District Socio - Economic Survey - Nashik District, 2001 - 02

7.4.3 Rural Population : As per the population census 2001, 57.6 percent (5.57 crores) of the state total population (9.67 crores) was in rural area. Out of the total population of district (49.88 lakhs). 3.51 lakh are living in rural area, in other words, 61.17 percent people are living in rural area. Population density in rural area is 202 per sq.km. Means in India around 72 percent population is living in rural area and 28 percent in urban area. The decadal rural population variation of the Nashik District is given in the Table No. 7.11.

Page I 254 Table No. 7.11: Decadal Variation of Rural Population (000) Sr. No. Year Total Male Female 1. 2001 3051 1569 1482 2. 1991 2482 1270 1212 3. 1981 1994 1053 941 4. 1971 1691 865 826 5. 1961 1380 700 680 6. 1951 1040 517 523 Source : District Socio - Economic Survey - Nashik District, 2001 - 02

3500 g Total J05! D Male 3000 1 Femate 2«2 2500

1»M 1 2000 ^m

1SO0 ^•—r!^ !}» ^|i2m,2<2 ^^M^* J^^M ^^^K"^ ^^^B ^|lD5) ^H 1040 1000

Hii^uf- ^•M?M3 vx ^^^^^1 ^^^m 0^ 20O1 199t 1981 19rt 1961 1^1

During the decade 1991-2001 the increase in rural population in the state was 15.1 percent, which was less than the corresponding increase (18.0 percent) for all India. The rural population in the district in 1991-2001 decade, increased by 22.92 percent, in other words, the rural population of the district has increased by 5.69 lakhs. 7.4.4 Sex Ratio : Sex ratio is nothing but number of females per thousand males. India is male dominated country and Maharashtra as well as Nashik District are not exception to this. The census of 2001 indicates that sex ratio in Maharashtra as a female per thousand males is declined from 934 in 1991 to 924 females in 2001. In urban and rural area of the district the females are 893 and 945 per

Page I 255 thousand males. The decadal sex ratio variation of the Nashik District is given inTableNo.7.12

Table No. 7,12 : Decadal Sex Ration Variation (000)

Sr. Male Female Year No. Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1. 2001 2592 1569 1023 2396 1482 914 2. 1991 1985 1270 715 1866 1212 654 3. 1981 1545 1053 492 1447 1010 437 4. 1971 1221 865 356 1148 826 322 5. 1961 954 700 254 901 680 221 6. 1951 731 517 214 699 523 176 Source : District Socio - Economics Survey - Nashik District, 2001-02

Male Sex Ratio

250C 1 Urban

0 Rural 2C'« vnr 1 Total

.. 15(K '.y/i

1»X

475 50C- Hwj^

0 2001 1991 1961 119*1 1961 1951 Year

Page I 256 Female Sex Ratio

H Urcan }«X-C 1 Rural

250C 1 Total

2CKK 1 18«6

1 150C •u|2 1147 Z Ht2t2 • 1 1- - •• ^^^^M '0C< ^^^H ^•82*^ "*t; • ^•1 •^^^^6 M fc $9> S0<5 • n

0 M2CI01 _I i»iL IL 1981 I 197 iJ1 !96L1 J195k1 Year

7.4.5 Literacy : The state literacy ratio has improved as 77.3 percent (2001 census) from 64.9 percent (1991 census). All India literacy ratio is 65.4 percent (2001 census). The district has over all 74.20 percent literacy, in that 83.4 percent males and 64.20 percent females are literate. The district is 20th rank in the state in respect of literacy. Literacy and population growth are two factors, which bring about a change in agriculture. 7.4.6 Mortality Rate: During 2001-02 total births recorded in the district were 117933, it means birth rate was 24 per 1000 persons and the deaths recorded during the period were 26,277 it means death rate was 5 per 1000 persons. Due to proper health and hygiene conditions, crude death rate is low and infant mortality rate is also reducing in the district. 7.4.7 Religion-wise classification : In our country people of various castes and creeds live together. In Nashik Dsitrict also the same thing is evident. As per 1991 census population in the district were Hindu i.e. 86.53 percent; whereas lowest population was of Sikh religion i.e. 0.14 percent. Population of other religions to the percentage of total population of district was Bouddha 1.90 percent, Christian 0.41

Page I 257 percent, Jain 0.70 percent, Muslim 10.17 percent and others were hardly 0.15 percent. The religion-wise population classification of Nashik district is given in following Table No. 7.13

Table No. 7.13 : Religion Wise Classification Sr. No. Religion Rural Urban Total Percentage 1. Hindus 23962 9367 33329 86.53 2. Muslims 451 3469 3920 10.17 3. Buddhists 309 424 733 1.90 4. Jains 74 197 275 0.71 5. Christians 10 148 148 0.41 6. Sikhs 3 51 54 0.14 7. Others 14 35 50 0.14 Total 24823 13691 38514 100 Source : District Socio - Economics Survey - Nashik District, 2001 - 02

Religion wise Classification 3!:K*I .,^:->

H Rurai

[] Te.t3!

'Jlxfii2i •t "i? »« ••; ui trT\m s*>» Rtllglon

Page I 258 7.5 Industrial Development: Since last 6-8 years, industrial development has picked up the speed, particularly after declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate on 2700 ha. Land in Sinnar block. There are 174 medium and large industrial units employing 75,834 people. Many reputed and large companies like Mahindra & Mahindra, MICO, Siemens, Crompton Greaves, Kirloskar, and Raymond steel, Jindal, Brook Bond, L & T, Ceat, VIP, Carbon Everflow, Garware, Jyoti Structures, Samsonite, Datar Switch Gears, and Glaxo India etc. have established their units in the District. Prestigious project IDEM of Mahindra & Mahindra is established in Nashik very recently. Some of the important Public Sector establishments like India Security Press, Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd., Currency Note Press and Thermal Power Station etc. are also located in the District. These industries have brought the District on the National & International map. In addition to these industries the District also has national level institutes like (i) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Institute of Rural Technology & Training run by KVIc and (ii) Indian Institute of Numismatic Studies & Research at Trimbakeshwar.

7.6 Administrative Division : The 'Balwantrai Mehta Committee' recommended the formation of local committees on par with Block Development Committees, to be named as Panchayat Samitis, and at the district level a district committee to be called Zilla Parishad, instead of the local boards etc., in order to secure integration in the various developmental activities. Thus, the Gram Panchayat, the Panchayat Samiti and the Zilla Parishad are the three responsible functionaries in the decentralization of administration, which are entrusted with the implementation of the developmental schemes. Thus, an Act, to provide for the establishment of Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis, to assign to them local Government functions, and to entrust the execution of certain works and development schemes in the State Five-Year Plans and to provide for the decentralization of

Page I 259 powers and functions under certain enactments was passed in 1961, known as the Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act, 1961.

Table No. 7.14 : Number of Blocks in Nashik District Sr. Block HQ No. of No. of Block Name No. Location Panchayats Villages 1. Nashik Nashik 64 135 2. Dindori Dindori 120 157 3. Igatpuri Igatpuri 92 120 4. Trimbakeshwar Trimbakeshwar 84 125 5. Paint Peint 73 201 6. Niphad Niphad 120 137 7. Sinnar Sinnar 114 129 8. Yeola Yeola 88 125 9. Malegaon Malegaon 130 154 10. Nandgaon Nandgaon 88 93 11. Chandwad Chandwad 91 112 12. Kalwan Kalwan 80 182 13. Satana Satana 129 180 14. Deola Deola 42 46 15. Surgana Surgana 58 188 16. Nashik Nashik 1373 1938 Source: http://www.nashik.nic.in

In 1962, as per the Maharashtra Zilla Parishad and Panchayat Samiti Acts, Zilla Parishad and 13 Panchayat Samities were formed. Later 14th and 15th Panchayat Samiti Deola & Trimbak were formed. The working of Zilla Parishad is carried out according to Sthai Samit (Standing Committee) and Finance, Works, Agriculture, Education, Health, Social Welfare Subject Samities. Administrative head of the Zilla Parishad is from I.A.S. cadre. The president of Zilla Parishad is elected by the people who have the major powers.

Page I 260 Each Subject Samiti have the Head called as 'Sabhapati'. The statistics of Panchayat Samities are given in Table No. 5.14 7.6.1 Government Institutions: Nashik District ialso have following renowned institutions Table No. 7.15 : Renowned Institutions in Nashik District Sr. No. Name of Organisation 1. India Security Press (ISP) 2. Currency Note Press (CNP) 3. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) 4. Artillery Center 5. Thermal Power Station 6. Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (MERI) 7. Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS) 8. Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (YCMOU) 9. Maharashtra Police Academy (MPA) Source : Compiled from field survey

7.6.2 National Informatics Center : National Informatics Center was set up with a long-term objective of setting up a computer-based informatics culture for decision support to Government/Ministries/ Department and development, networking, databases management programs for getting the information needed. NIC's is promoting and systemizing the data collection, organization, processing and its on-line accessibility. From 1985-86 NIC has extended its informatics support services to state and District Administrations and signed Memorandum of understanding with all the State Govemment/UT's of the Union of India. NIC has been made the nodal Science & Technology organization of the Government of India under the Ministry of Communication & Information technology to introduce information technology tools for executive support system (EGS) development and distributed databases (DPBS) expert system,

Page I 261 electronic mail services and 560 Districts administration through its satellite based information communication network (NICNET). 7.6.3 NIC -District Centers : One in each district of the country. Adequate computing resources to cater to the need of the Government departments at all levels of administration- central, state and district. This includes computer services to almost central Government ministries in New Delhi, State Government department - organizations. National Informatics Center (NIC), constituted by the Government at all levels of its hierarchy such as the Central Government, State Government and District Administrations, has set up a nationwide satellite based computer communication network called "NICNET". NICNET in its present configuration connects all Central Government Departments/State Government Secretariats, District Administration Headquarters and some public sector organizations in a single integrated network. In parallel with setting up infrastructure, NIC has developed a large number of informatics services for almost all sectors of the Government such as economy, industry, etc. Many of this service make extensive use of NICNET resulting in timely, efficient and reliable flow of information at different levels in the Government hierarchy.

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