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Oceanography Department of OCEANOGRAPHY PROGRESS REPORT Ecological Studies of Radioactivity In the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean SCHOOL OF SCIENCE Norman Cutshall Principal Investigator U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT (45-1) 2227 Task Agreement 12 RLO-2227-T12-30 OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Reference 72-19 / 4 1 July 1971 through 30 June 1972 ECOLOGICALSTUDIES OFRADIOACTIVITYIN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN PrincipalInvestigator: Norman Cutshall Co-investigators: Andrew G. Carey, Jr. James E. McCauley William G. Pearcy William C. Renfro Robert L. Holton School of Oceanography Oregon StateUniversity Corvallis, Oregon 97331 PROGRESS REPORT 1 July 1971through 30 June 1972 Submitted to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission ContractAT(45-1) 2227 Reference 72-19 RLO 2227-T12-30 July 1972 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A major expense in oceanographic research is "time atsea." Operations on theR/V YAQUINA, R/V CAYUSE, R/V PAIUTE,andR/V SACAJEWEAwere funded by several agencies, with the bulk coming from the National Science Founda- tion and Office of NavalResearch. Certain special cruises of radiochemical or radioecological import were funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, as was much of the equipment for radioanalysis and stable element analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the role of these agencies in support of the research reported in the following pages. We also wish to express our thanks to the numerous students and staff who contributed to the preparationof thisprogress report. NOTICE The progress report that follows includes research results ranging from unproved ideas to scientific papers published during the tenure of this contract. The end of the contract year finds several facets of our work in various states ofpreparation,therefore the reader is cautioned that all except the published papers are subject to revision. iii PROFESSIONAL STAFF Norman Cutshall, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Research Associate Radioecology Andrew G.Carey, Jr., Ph.D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Benthic Ecology Tomio Iwamoto, Ph.D. Co- I niest i gator Research Associate Nekton Ecology James E. McCauley, Ph.D. Co-Investigator Associate Professor of Oceanography Benthic Ecology William G. Pearcy, Ph.D. Co-Ins+estigator Professor of Oceanography Nekton Ecology William C. Renfro, Ph.D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Radioacology Robert L. Holton, Ph.D. Co-Investigator Research Associate Rad 'occology TECHNICAL STAFF Norman Farrow Radioecology Instrument Technician 1. Lauren Larsen, B.S. Gamma Ray Spectrometry Research Associate David L. Stein, B.S. Nekton Ecology Assistant in Oceanography Jerome Wagner, B.A. Atomic Abosrption Assistant in Oceanography Spectrometry Show Wu, B.S. Radiochemistry Assistant in Oceanography Robert Ruff, B.S. Benthic Ecology Assistant in Oceanography Katherine Nafe, B.S. Bentnic Ecology Assistant in Oceanography iv ECOLQGiCAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN TABLEOF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Ii. STUDENT PART i C I PAT10N . 5 Ill. THESES. 9 SeasonalConcentration, Turnover and Mode of Accumulation of 32p by the Juvenile Starry Flounder Platichthysstellatus (Pallasm in the ColumbiaRiver Estuary -Bolen . .. 9 Zinc, Copper and Manganese in the Razor Clam, Siliqua patulua - Gile. .. 10 Photochemical Degradation of Sediment Organic Matter: Effect on Zn-65 Release - Lenaers . 11 The Ghost Shrimp, Callinassa californiensis Dana, 1854, in Yaquina Bay, Oregon - McGrow. 12 The JapaneseOysterDrill, Ocenebrajaponica,in Netarts Bay, 0 ,egon - Squire. 12 IV. PAPERS PRESENTED AND MEETINGSATTENDED . 15 V . RESEARCH IN PROGRESS- . 19 V I. RESEARCH COMPLETED . 29 Dorsadena yaquinae, a new genus and speciesof myctophid fish fromthe eastern North Pacific Ocean - Coleman, Nafpaktitis . .. .. 29 Geographic distribution and relative abundance of Salpidae 40 off the Oregon coast - Hubbard, Pearcy . .. Scattering layers and vertical distribution of oceanic 46 animalsoff Oregon - Pearcy, Mesecar . .. A new species of Hymenodora (Decapoda, Oplophoridae) from theNortheastern Pacific - Wasmer . .. 60 The effects of gamma irradiation on the reproductive performance of Artemia as determined by individual 65 pair matings - Holton, Forster, Osterberg. .. V The effects of gamma irradiation on the maintenance cf population size in the brine shrimp Artemia - Holton, Forster, Os to rbe rg 79 New records for four deep sea shrimps from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean - Wasmer . 98 A notocanthid Macdonaldia challengeri collected off the 105 Oregon coast - Stein, Butler . A technique for the estimation of indices of refraction of marine phytoplankton - Carder, Tomlinson, Beardsley . 107 Growth of a sea urchin Allocentrotus fragilis off the Oregon coast - Sumich, McCauley . 122 Environmental considerations for estuarine dredging operations Bella, McCauley . 139 Estimating precision. for the method of standard additions- Larsen, Hartman, Wagner . .. 165 Three specimens of Bathysaurus mollisGunther, 1978, from off theOregon Coast- Stein,Butler. 175 Zinc-65 specific activities from Oregon and Washington(U.S.A.) continental shelf sediments and benthic invertebrate fauna - Carey, Cutshall . 179 Radioecologyof benthicfishes offOregon, U.S.A. - Pea rcy, Vande rp l oeg . 194 Effects of ocean water on the soluble-suspended distribution of Columbia River radionuclides- Evans, Cutshal: . 218 Calcium-magnesium ratios in the test plates of Allocentrotus f rag ili s- Sumich,McCauley. 234 Abstracts only Initial Benthic Survey of Deep Water munitions Dump Site "G" in the N.E. Pacific Ocean Two Years after Dumping- Carey, Hancock, Paul . 239 Contributions to The Columbia River Estuary and Adiacent Ocean Waters . I . 240 I INTRODUCTION This isan annual report of progress in marine radioecological studies under U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract Number AT(45-1) 2227, Task Agreement 12. It includes material from Contract NumberAT (45-1) 1750 which preceded the present contract.The report format is essentially the same as last year and includes only brief descriptions of incompleted research inprogress. Completed research papers which have been submitted for publication or which have been published during the period 1 July 1971 to 30 June 1972 are included. This year's report includes seventeen completed papers in reprint or preprint form.In addition we are reproducing abstracts of chapters contributed by OSU to ''The Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Ocean Waters" (edited by A.T. Pruter and D.L. Alverson . Because the fifteen chapters (315 pages) would exceed space limitations herein the fuli texts will not be included.One Ph.D. and four master's theses have been completed during the past year and their abstracts are in Section III. Our research task force this year has included Dr. Cutshall (radio- chemistry), Dr. Pearcy (nekton ecology) and Drs. Carey and McCauley (benthic ecology).Dr. Renfro (radioeiology) began a leave of absence in September 1971. He will spend two years with the IAEA Marine Radioactivity Laboratory in Monaco. Dr. Holton (radioecology) joined our group in September 1971. The initiation of 55Fe studies by Dr. David Jennings at Oregon College of Education in Monmouth during the past year is welcome. Through cooperative sampling and analysis, we expect both his and our programs to benefit. Our research program continues to emphasize direct analysis of environmental radionuclides in the context of a broad, ecological program. Our analytical capability is strongest in gamma-ray spectrometry and atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry.We also use neutron activation analysis (in the OSU Triga reactor) and are presently setting up a liquid scintillation system and an electrochemical system. 2 RADIOANALYSIS Ingvar L. Larsen The analysis of samples for radioactivity is generally accomplished by counting the prepared samples in one of two 5x5 inch Nal(T1) well detectors, each coupled to a 512 multichannel analyzer. A 3x3 inch Nal(T1) solid detector coupled to a third 512 multichannel analyzer allows counting of larger environmentalsamplessuch as whole clams, mussels and water samples. Dependingupon the level of activity present, environmental samples arecounted between 100 to 800 minutes. Spiked Laboratorysamples are counted for shorter durations, usually 40 minutes or less. After completion of the count, the appropriate fraction of a 1000 minute back- ground count is subtracted from the sample count and the net data readout from the analyzer via Tally paper punch tape, electric typewriter, and an X-Y recorder. Conversion of the counted data to units of radioactivity is accomplished by comparing the sample data to that of liquid standards of similar geometry. For simple spectra having isolated photopeaks the areas underneath the photopeaks and the respective counting time is compared to a standardand the amount of radioactivity determined. Complex spectra, those with overlapping photopeaks, are resolved by using a non-linear least squaresprogram in conjunction with a CDC 3300 computer on campus. All sample radioactivity is decay corrected back to the date of collection. The two well-type detectors are in use approximately 22hours/day, 7 days/week, and the 3x3 inch detector is. used intermittingly on demand. Our counting laboratory is participating in the IAEA (Monaco) low-level intercalibration program. 3 STABLE ELEMENT ANALYSES Ingvar L. Larsen and J. Wagner Stable element measurements are made by atomic absorption spectro- photometry, utilizing a Perkin-Elmer
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