Murdoch Syllabics

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Murdoch Syllabics SYLLÀB ICS : ; A SUCCESSFUL EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION by JOHN STEWART MURDOCH A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of GraduaËe Studies of the University of Manitoba in partía1 fulfillment of the r.qrrirements of the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION @-rg s r Permission has been granted to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF T"IANITOBA ro lend or sell copies of thís díssertation, to the NATIONAL LTBRARY 0F cANADA to microfilrn this dissertation and to lend or se11 copies of the film, and UNTvERSTTY MrcROFrLlfs ro publish an'abÁt.".r of Èhis dÍssertation. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the disserËation nor extensive abstracËs from it may be printed or otherr¿ise reproduced ivithout the author t s written peruri.ssion. SY LLAB i CS : A SUCCESSFUL TDUCATIONAL iNNOVATION BY JOHN STTWART MURDOCH ,'\ tlicsis srrbnlittctl to tlrc I:lrcLr Ity ol' CìraclLratc Stt¡tl ics of' thc. Linivcrsity o1'Ìilanitoba in ¡rartial lulfillulcnt of'the recluircrne uts of tlr,-' clt'gree ol' ¡,IASTTR OF EDUCATION o 198l Pcrnrission has becn grantecl to the LIBRARY OF THE UNIVER- Sli'\' olr lvlANlTOtsA to lernd or sell copics of this thcsis, to thc N¡i.'I'IONAL LIlllìAIìY OF CANADA to microfilnr this lliesi::incì to lÌ!l(l or scll co¡r!¡5 crf'thc filnl, and UNIVEIìSITY l\41(.ltOlrlLMS to prrblish an abstract of tliis thesis. -i-hc ;irthol rescrvcs othcr pubiicatioll rights, alld Iieither thc lltcsir. nr,ri cxte¡rsi'¡c crtracts f'ront it nla¡r þ9 printed or other- rvisc rc ¡rloduccil rvi tlrorr L l.lle aLttlior's written pet'ntissiott. AC KNOIILED GEMENTS The writer is indebted to Professors Bruce Sealey and Skip Koolage who, as advisors and friends provided strong support and most constructive criticism Èhroughout this study. Gratitude is expressed to Professor Keith I{i1son for his advice and suggestions for the improvement of the first draft. The scope and depth of this study was only possible through the interest and construcËive criticisms of: Dr. Ríchard Preston, McMaster University; Joyce Banks, National Library of Canada, Rare Book Room; Dorothy Keely, General Synod Archives, Anglican Church of Canada; Ahab Spence, Saskatchewan Indian Federated College; Smith AËimoyoo, SaskatcherrTan Indian Cultural College; and John Long, Moose FacEory Island Schools. For a careful and untiring effort, this author wishes to thank Julie Iserhoff for the Ëyping of this thesis manuscript. FÍna1Iy, this auEhor acknowledges Ëhe patience and encouragement of his dear friend and wife Gertí. LIST OF FÏGURES Figure Pag e 1 .01 Map of Canada: Indian Linguis tic Fanilies 2 L.02 A DernonsLration of the Cree Syllabic System 4 1.03 Map of Canada: The Spread of Sy11ab ics 2.0L A Comparíson of Early Rouan Or thographies Used 25 2.02 A Comparison of Evanst Syllabary with PiËtman-Taylor Shorthand 27 3.01 Map of Canada: The Early Spread of Cree SyllabÍcs 4L 3.02 Ins truc tio ns for Preventíon of T.B. Printed on Cloth in Syllabics ....... 43 3. 03 Book on Be aver Conservation Compiled and Dis tributed by H.B. C. 45 3.04 Syllabíc Alphabetic Orthographic E quiva I ences 60 3.05 Letter of Maskepetoon, a Cree Chief Lo Jame s Evans, LB44 63 4.01 Classic or Unilinear Scale of CulÈural Develop ment (A sumrnary of main ideas) B5 6.01 À Theoretical Model for ConEemporary Educa tors L7L 6.02 CarÈoon: t llonest Ed U. Kayshun I s Good Used Carsr L82 C.01 Map of Jarnes Evans I Travels 330 l_1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pa ge ACKNOI^/LEDGEI"fENTS i LIST OF FTGURES l_ l_ Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 The Problem 7 Hypotheses of This Study I Design of Study 9 Liuritations of This Study 10 Definitions 13 0rganizatÍon of Lhe Remainder of the t7 S tudy THE EVOLUTTON OF THE CREE_SYLLABIC SYSTI]}I 20 Influence by Short hand Writing 26 Adj us tment s of Syl 1abíc Characters to 0Ëher Languages 34 CREE SYLLABICS AS A SUCCESSFUL INNOVAT IO N 40 RES ISTANCE TO THE USE OF CREE SYLLAB IC S 76 Early Cultural Anthropology B2 5. JAI'IES EVANS, INNOVAT0R 95 James Evans' Early Years (1801 - 1B3B) 95 Evans t Voyages Ëo Nerv Territories (1838 - 1843) IO7 Pag e Evans t Final Years (1843 - 1846) L22 6. CONCLUSION 160 Theoret.ical I'ramework for the Innova tors 17 3 The l^Iork of James Evans as an Innova tor 17 6 Inrplicatíons for Contemporary Educators L7 I BIBLIOGRAPHY OF PUBLTSHED SOURCES 189 BÏBLIOGRAPHY OT' PRIMARY SOURCES 212 . APPENDIX A 239 À Catalogue of Texts in Syllabic Characters APPENDTX B ..... 304 Identífyjng Features of Cree Sy11abíc I,üriting and Type S ty1äs APPENDIX C 323 À Chronology of James Evans Lífe and 0ther Relevant EvenÈs APPENDIX D 337 A Chronology of Àcculturative Stress Suffered by James Evans During the Period September 1B3B to December 1841 Chapter I INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to examíne the nature and evoluËion of a successful innovation by an early Euro-Canadian míssionary-educator, whereby a non-literate people, the Crees, became functionally literate in a remarkably short Ëime. Data from published, unpublished and manuscrípt sources, t,ogether with personal conrnunicaÈions will be examined critically. Using the most, reliable of details, a portrait of the innovaÊor, a mod.el of Èhe innovatíon and the subsequenË paËtern of developmenË will be consËructed. Wíth such a clearer understanding, and utilizíng conËemporary theory on innovaËion and culÈural change, a model for fuÈure ínnovaËors and innovations in Cree educatíon wíl-l be devised. The results of this study will be of use to educators responsíble for education ín Cree communít.ies, indeed most Algonquian communities, nolr faced ¡.¡ith control of their education sysËems. It will also offer an historical perspective on what has become a major contemporary issue ----choosing a writÍng system for the communityrs native language. Thousands of Crees who had no literate Ëraditions ín 1840 were literate only a decade later wíthout any schooling at all. ThÍs was the result of an ínnovation by James Evans, a \^Iesleyan Methodist Missíonary. Evans, during his years as a teacher and missionary became a fluent speaker of the OjÍbwa Indian language. Ojibwa, like Ðffi Map of Canada: Indian LinguÍstic Families (1840-1981) J f.\.^ rNUrT " Ir\/'er,\5 þ oc h \'l iA l-t**N il rîflK N Figure 1.01 Source: Neville(1970) 3 Cree, ís a language of the Algonquian farníly of languages which are spoken in Canada and parts of the northern United SEaLes, (see map, page 2). In 1836, Evans and some of his peers were ínstrucÈed by their mission society Ëo devise a simple Roman orthography for the 0jib\,ta language.*1 This done, Evans supervised Èhe printing of an edítion of hymns and prayers ín the new orËhography in Ne¡¿ York during 1837. As early as 1836, Evans had considered a syllabíc system r¿hich departed t frcm Ëhe conventional Roman orthographies of the Èimer- but not untÍl after his arrival aX Norway House, did he pursue the idea in earnesË. By 1841 Evans had devised the system more commonly known as "Cree a Sy1l-abicstt.- Thís was a sysÈem or syllabary of characters, each representing a syllable, (see fígure 1.02). Duríng the early winter of LB4L-I842, Crees who traded at Norway House where Evans was stationed had already learned to read and write their language ín Èhe syllabic sysÈem. Later the same winter, these Norway House Crees were hunting and trapping in their Ëerrítory, which lies between Norway House and York Factory, (see figure 1.03). The Crees who traded at York Factory hunËed and Ërapped close by. Duríng that same winter, the Norway Indíans showed Ëhe York FacËory Indians how Eo read and r¿rite the syJ-labic characËers. In a similar manner, the York Factory Crees ËransmiËted these literate skills to the Crees who traded at ForË Severn. In Octobet of 1842, tr^ro Fort, Severn Indians arrived aL }foose Fort with hymns in the syllabic characËer".4 ,r, L847, Ehe Oblate míssionary, André-Marie Garin reporËed to his superiors that only the very o1d and feebl-e r.rere noË already literate in the AbiÈibi region of whaÈ is nor¿ north-eastern Ontario and north-!ùestern Quebec.5 fnt" Figure 1.02 A Demonstration of the Cree Syllabic System T he chart below is reproduced from C. D. Ellis' " Proposed Roman 0rthography for Cree", Append'ix 5, p. 65. iil V.i Þ ol Þool aal A'l .tttt {u tll< * ** A o'l A^ piii Vp.l )ooi )pool (ou i{0..1 I n ,ti fl ,itl U r.l l r., 5 rooi Cr. I ç r..1 C.t j tc n .rl I ciil 1..1 J .., J.ool L.. ttLr..rl P o'l Þ riil go.i -.i rool bru bk ¡ d i þ0..1 f mil Ëmiil l'.1 J'.i j L'. c Lm I 'ooi i f''..i ú ni,l -o n. ,o, nool o-nu I O- naal ) o-n -"i Ll lll| -o -o rril ( liil Jloi la I c-l )lel -)loo;c r.lli,..l ¿"l /,i,l \,.i ¿ ,,i ¿ ,ooi 1,u I \,..1 r\ hs sil t= cag J ,l ,,ti "l, r.l -r, i á sool.¡ su t.tI r..1 ir-l Þ u,l Èvi,l,4r"l{ r"ji r..i ?ru I / yaal Llv O"rl f\-riilrur.l P.oj P'oo¡Ç ra i ç ,..1 ì qr % * Originaì Evans style (see Appendix) co sk tr* Horden-l,latk'i ns styì e (see Appendi x ) x hk ô ow Because syìlabics are based on pji-kas sjl-laa-p'iks ar pest aawn A bh /t LAtt <q V'.'c .do shorthand most English sentences Sort-haant most in-kl iS sen-ten-sis c.)çc 'qfc.c J.
Recommended publications
  • The Rossville Scandal, 1846: James Evans, the Cree, and a Mission on Trial by Raymond Moms S Hirri Tt -Beaumont, B.A
    The Rossville Scandal, 1846: James Evans, the Cree, and a Mission on Trial by Raymond Moms S hirri tt -Beaumont, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Joint Master's Programme University of Manitoba and University of Winnipeg January 200 1 National Library Biblioth&que nationale I*i of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellingtm Ottawa ON K1A ON4 -ON KIAM Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seii reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels rnay be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES ****+ COPYRiGET PERMISSION PAGE The Rossville Scandal, 1846: James Evans, the Cree, and r Mission on Trial
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee)
    The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee): Eastmain 1-A Powerhouse and Rupert Diversion Sectoral Report Volume 1: Context and Findings Series 4 Number 3: Report on the health status of the population Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay The Evolution of Health Status and Health Determinants in the Cree Region (Eeyou Istchee): Eastmain-1-A Powerhouse and Rupert Diversion Sectoral Report Volume 1 Context and Findings Jill Torrie Ellen Bobet Natalie Kishchuk Andrew Webster Series 4 Number 3: Report on the Health Status of the Population. Public Health Department of the Cree Territory of James Bay Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay The views expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay. Authors Jill Torrie Cree Board of Health & Social Services of James Bay (Montreal) [email protected] Ellen Bobet Confluence Research and Writing (Gatineau) [email protected] Natalie Kishchuk Programme evaluation and applied social research consultant (Montreal) [email protected] Andrew Webster Analyst in health negotiations, litigation, and administration (Ottawa) [email protected] Series editor & co-ordinator: Jill Torrie, Cree Public Health Department Cover design: Katya Petrov [email protected] Photo credit: Catherine Godin This document can be found online at: www.Creepublichealth.org Reproduction is authorised for non-commercial purposes with acknowledgement of the source. Document deposited on Santécom (http://www. Santecom.qc.ca) Call Number: INSPQ-2005-18-2005-001 Legal deposit – 2nd trimester 2005 Bibliothèque Nationale du Québec National Library of Canada ISSN: 2-550-443779-9 © April 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • John Horden, Missionary Bishop : a Life on The
    &amp;gt;UNDID L/YES 00 Q O : l . r* CO Life on the ^Shores of Hudson .RBUCKLAND MA The Leonard Library Pgrltffr Toronto Shelf No.. ..aX5.t.|...3.. Register No. JOHN HORDEN, BISHOP OF MOOSONEE. [From a photograph taken about the time of his consecration.] JOHN HORDEN MISSIONARY BISHOP 21 life 0n 0f BY THE REV. A. R. BUCKLAND, M.A. AUTHOR OF &quot;THE HEROIC IN MISSIONS&quot; SEVENTH EDITION LONDON: THE SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 57 AND 59 LUDGATE HlLL, E,C. 4 MRS. HORDEN FOR MANY LONG YEARS THE COMPANION OF HER HUSBAND S MISSIONARY LIFB NOTE FOR the material contained in this Life I am indebted to Bishop Horden s letters, published in the Periodicals and Eeports of the Church Mis and in the columns of the Record sionary Society, ; to the volume, Forty-two Years amongst the Indians and Eskimo, compiled by the Editor of the Coral Magazine, from letters addressed to her; to the account of Bishop Horden amongst the Brie/ Sketches Workers and of Church Missionary Society ; to information privately communicated. A. K. B. CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. A BOY S AMBITION . .11 II. THE DEPARTURE FOR MOOSONEE . .20 III. FIRST LABOURS AMONGST ESKIMO AND INDIANS . 32 IV. &quot;IN JOURNEYINGS OFTEN&quot; . .42 V. ENGLAND VISITED ..... 54 VI. OUT-STATIONS . .61 VII. A NEW RESPONSIBILITY . .68 VIII. LEAVES FROM BISHOP HORDEN s DIARY . 77 IX. YEARS OF TRIAL ..... 97 X. TO ENGLAND FOR THE LAST TIME . 110 XI. HOME AGAIN ...... 125 XII. CLOSING SCENES . 134 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAOK JOHN HORDEN, BISHOP OF MOOSONEE .
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Faries Fonds
    Richard Faries fonds 1893-1950 20 cm. of textual records Biographical Sketch Ven. Richard Faries, D.D., Archdeacon, Church of England. Born at Rupert's House, James Bay, Quebec, 30 Aug. 1870. His father was Angus Faries, a Hudson's Bay Co. employee and his mother was Mary Faries nee Corston. Richard was educated at Moose Factory school, James Bay and trained under the Rt. Rev. John Horden, first Bishop of Moosenee. He graduated from the Montreal Diocesan Theological College in 1894 and received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from St. John's College, Winnipeg, in 1938. He married Catherine Isabella Craig of Abbotsford, Quebec, 11 Aug. 1908 (she died in 1951). Faries was incumbent of St. John's parish, York Factory from 1899 to 1951 and was archdeacon of the district of York, diocese of Keewatin, headquartered in York Factory, from 1917-1950. He was ordained deacon in 1894 and priest in 1898 according to one source (another source says 1917). He was school teacher at Moose Factory from 1890-1892 and assistant missionary there from 1894-1895. He was missionary to the Ojibway at Fort Hope, Osnaburgh and Marten's Falls in the District of Patricia from 1895-99 before becoming missionary to the Swampy Cree in York Factory, Fort Severen, Trout Lake, Sammattawa, northern Manitoba and northern Ontario and to the Chipewyans and Inuit of Fort Churchill from 1899 to 1951. Faries was also dispenser of medicine for the Department of Indian Affairs at York Factory and registrar of vital statistics in Manitoba for the region he served.
    [Show full text]
  • LANGUAGES of the LAND a RESOURCE MANUAL for ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS
    LANGUAGES of THE LAND A RESOURCE MANUAL FOR ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS Prepared by: Crosscurrent Associates, Hay River Prepared for: NWT Literacy Council, Yellowknife TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory Remarks - NWT Literacy Council . 2 Definitions . 3 Using the Manual . 4 Statements by Aboriginal Language Activists . 5 Things You Need to Know . 9 The Importance of Language . 9 Language Shift. 10 Community Mobilization . 11 Language Assessment. 11 The Status of Aboriginal Languages in the NWT. 13 Chipewyan . 14 Cree . 15 Dogrib . 16 Gwich'in. 17 Inuvialuktun . 18 South Slavey . 19 North Slavey . 20 Aboriginal Language Rights . 21 Taking Action . 23 An Overview of Aboriginal Language Strategies . 23 A Four-Step Approach to Language Retention . 28 Forming a Core Group . 29 Strategic Planning. 30 Setting Realistic Language Goals . 30 Strategic Approaches . 31 Strategic Planning Steps and Questions. 34 Building Community Support and Alliances . 36 Overcoming Common Language Myths . 37 Managing and Coordinating Language Activities . 40 Aboriginal Language Resources . 41 Funding . 41 Language Resources / Agencies . 43 Bibliography . 48 NWT Literacy Council Languages of the Land 1 LANGUAGES of THE LAND A RESOURCE MANUAL FOR ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE ACTIVISTS We gratefully acknowledge the financial assistance received from the Government of the Northwest Territories, Department of Education, Culture and Employment Copyright: NWT Literacy Council, Yellowknife, 1999 Although this manual is copyrighted by the NWT Literacy Council, non-profit organizations have permission to use it for language retention and revitalization purposes. Office of the Languages Commissioner of the Northwest Territories Cover Photo: Ingrid Kritch, Gwich’in Social and Cultural Institute INTRODUCTORY REMARKS - NWT LITERACY COUNCIL The NWT Literacy Council is a territorial-wide organization that supports and promotes literacy in all official languages of the NWT.
    [Show full text]
  • Evans, James Evans’ Brother, in 1927
    THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO WESTERN ARCHIVES JAMES EVANS FONDS AFC 135 Inventory prepared by Alison Mitchell-Reid, based on student finding aid project(s) undertaken in partial fulfilment of archives course requirements – February 2010 2 WESTERN ARCHIVES AFC 135 JAMES EVANS FONDS TABLE OF CONTENTS FONDS DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 4 SERIES DESCRIPTIONS and FILE LISTS Series 1: Pamphlets and clippings about James Evans.............................................. 6 Series 2: Correspondence........................................................................................... 7 Sub-series 2.1: James Evans’ correspondence ................................................. 8 Sub-series 2.2: Letters concerning James Evans.............................................. 10 Series 3: Diaries and journals .................................................................................... 11 Sub-series 3.1: James Evans’ diaries................................................................ 12 Sub-series 3.2: Diary attributed to Thomas Hassall......................................... 13 Series 4: Poems and hymns ....................................................................................... 14 Series 5: Sermons, lectures and theological notes ..................................................... 15 Series 6: Cree language and syllabics documents ..................................................... 17 Series 7: Notes on North American aboriginal
    [Show full text]
  • Archdeacon Thomas Vincent of Moosonee and the Handicap of "Metis" Racial Status
    ARCHDEACON THOMAS VINCENT OF MOOSONEE AND THE HANDICAP OF "METIS" RACIAL STATUS JOHN S. LONG, P.O. Box 334, Moosonee, Ontario, Canada, P0L 1Y0. ABSTRACT/RESUME Through its policy of Native Agency, the Church Missionary Society sought to further the rapid spreading of Christianity throughout the entire non- Christian world. The Society's European agents were supposed to be mere catalysts, who would soon be replaced by Native agents. Mission centres were intended to become self-supporting so that Society funds could be transferred elsewhere. The case of Archdeacon Thomas Vincent of Moosonee illustrates one of the difficulties of implementing these policies in the James Bay region, where men of mixed race were considered unfit to succeed their European tutors. Au moyen de son principe de "Native Agency", la Church Missionary Society cherchait à favoriser la propagation rapide du message chrétien à travers le monde paien. Les agents européens de la Société devaient se limiter à un rôle de catalyseurs dans leur mission. En principe, ils devaient se faire remplacer bientôt après leur installation par des agents autochtones. Il était convenu aussi que les centres missionnaries de la Société deviendraient financièrement indépendants au plus tôt après leur fondation, afin que les ressources de la Société 'ainsi libérées puissent être appliquées ailleurs. Le cas de l'archidiacre Thomas Vincent de Moosonee illustre bien une des difficultés de réaliser cet idéal dans la région de la baie James, où la population métisse était jugée incapable de succéder à ses directeurs européens. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NATIVE STUDIES III, 1(1983): 95-116 96 JOHN S.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanguards of Canada
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY WiLLARD FiSKE Endowment """"""" '""'"'^ E 78.C2M162" Vanguards of Canada 3 1924 028 638 488 A Cornell University S Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028638488 VANGUARDS OF CANADA BOOKS The Rev. John Maclean, M.A., Ph.D., B.D. Vanguards of Canada By JOHN MACLEAN, M.A., Ph.D.. D.D. Member of the British Association, The American Society for the Advance- ment of Science, The American Folk-Lore Society, Correspondent of The Bureau of Ethnology, Washington; Chief Archivist of the Methodist Church, Canada. B 13 G TORONTO The Missionary Society of the Methodist Church The Young People's Forward Movement Department F. C. STEPHENSON, Secretary 15. OOPTRIGHT, OanADA, 1918, BT Frboeriok Clareb Stbfhekgon TOROHTO The Missionary Society of the Methodist Church The Young People's Forward Movement F. 0. Stephenson , Secretary. PREFACE In this admirable book the Rev. Dr. Maclean has done a piece of work of far-reaching significance. The Doctor is well fitted by training, experience, knowledge and sym- pathy to do this work and has done it in a manner which fully vindicates his claim to all these qualifications. Our beloved Canada is just emerging into a vigorous consciousness of nationhood and is showing herself worthy of the best ideals in her conception of what the hig'hest nationality really involves. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the young of this young nation thrilled with a new sense of power, and conscious of a new place in the activities of the world, should understand thoroughly those factors and forces which have so strikingly combined to give us our present place of prominence.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspect and the Chipewyan Verb
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 1998 Aspect and the Chipewyan verb Bortolin, Leah Bortolin, L. (1998). Aspect and the Chipewyan verb (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/22542 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/25896 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Aspect and the Chipewyan Verb by Leah Bortolin A THESIS SUBMI?TED TO THE FACULTÿ OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS CALGARY, ALBERTA February, 1998 O Leah Bortolin 1998 National Libmiy Bibiiothéque nationale du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, disaibute or sell reproduire, prêter, distn'buer ou copies of this thesis in microfonn, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/nim, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique.
    [Show full text]
  • The Church Missionary Society and the Rossville Lmission Press
    The Church Missionary Society and the Rossville lMission Press Joyce M. Bankst There is a wonderful anachronism in the English Bible which provides a most fitting introduction to any consideration of the history of missionary printing, and particularly to the study of the missionary field press in Rupert's Land. It is taken from one of Job's laments: Oh that my words were now written! Oh that they were printed in a book! That they were graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock forever! Job 19:23-24. An iron pen is a splendid metaphor for the printing press, and graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock forever clearly reflects the aims of the missionary printer, who strove to make an indelible impression. For the Wesleyans and the Anglicans, printing was at work on two levels in Rupert's Land: to achieve the transmission of the scriptures to the aboriginal peoples; and to entrench the syllabic system for a literate society. In 1853 and I854 an attempt was made by the Church Missionary Society to gain control of the Rossville Mission in the Hudson's Bay Company terrtories. Established by the Wesleyan Missionary Soci- ety in 1840, the Rossville Mission was the best situated of any mission in Rupert's Land. At the very hub of the Hudson's Bay Company transportation system, I it was located at the head of Lake Winnipeg, a few miles from Norway House, which was the mar- shalling point for the great Rupert's Land fur and freight brigades.
    [Show full text]
  • Inuktut Uqausiit (Inuit Languages) in Canada – History and Contemporary Developments by Nadine C
    Inuktut Uqausiit (Inuit Languages) in Canada – History and Contemporary Developments by Nadine C. Fabbi, Canadian Studies Center, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. The author would like to thank Heather Campbell, Language and Culture Coordinator, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami; Toni White and Catharyn Andersen from the Torngâsok Cultural Centre, Nunatsiavut; and Jay Arnakak, Qikiqtani Inuit Association, Nunavut for their expert advice. Written for the Arctic Indigenous Languages Symposium, Sustainable Development Working Group, Arctic Council, coordinated by the Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada), and hosted by the Saami Council, Norway, October 2008, www.arcticlanguages.com. Language not only communicates, it defines culture, nature, history, humanity and ancestry. Preserving endangered languages is a vital part of securing the culture and heritage of our rich human landscape. Language keeps traditions alive, it inspires knowledge and respect about our past and the planet on which we live, and it links communities across borders and beyond time. Quoted from the United Nations web site “The UN Works for Cultural Diversity: Endangered Languages” The scientific community has warned that such historical assimilation campaigns—combined with declining Indigenous populations, increased mobility, economic pressures, as well as exposure to television and other communications technologies—could lead to the loss of half of the world’s 6,000 to 7,000 languages by 2050. With such a decline, they warn, will come the demise of local knowledge, mentalities, creativity and heritage, as well as specialized information such as unique survival skills and traditional medicines. from Canada World View, Fall 2004 Language is a cultural mosaic of communication.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Documents and Settings\Bruceg\My Current
    New Light on an Old Scandal? Sex and Corporate Politics at the Norway House Methodist Mission of 1846 ARLETTE ZINCK The King’s University College Did he do it? The question has hung like a dense fog over the history of the Methodist Mission at Rossville, near Norway House, Manitoba since the events of 1846. Reverend James Evans, the first superintendent of the western missions, the inventor of the Cree syllabic and the pioneer of the Rossville Press, was accused of sexual misconduct by three young Native women. Since then, several generations of church historians have come to varied conclusions about the truthfulness of these charges. A document recently recovered from files at the Pratt Library, Victoria University Archives, University of Toronto, mentioning a “deathbed confession” made by a Native woman to a subsequent Methodist minister posted at Norway House may shed new light on this cold case of sexual misconduct. The Norway House Scandal Rumours about Reverend Evans’s “immorality” had circulated in the community for some time. When the allegations were formally presented in 1846, a local committee was struck, a trial was held, and a verdict was rendered: Evans was proclaimed to be “not guilty.” Reverend William Historical Papers 2007: Canadian Society of Church History 62 New Light on an Old Scandal? Mason, Evans’s assistant minister, sent the trial documents and related papers out from the territory to the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society (WMMS) secretary in London. Later this same year, once the trial documents had arrived, a hearing was held at the headquarters of the WMMS in London, England, and James Evans was able to attend.
    [Show full text]