Notes

Introduction: Political Writer

1. Key collections of Greene materials are noted as Brotherton (Brotherton Library, Leeds), Georgetown (Lauinger Library, Georgetown University), HRC (Harry Ransom Research Center, University of Texas at Austin), Pierpont Morgan (Pierpont Morgan Library, New York) and TNA (The National Archives, Kew). Much of Greene’s Annotated Library is now at the John J. Burns Library, Boston College. Wise and Hill, 323–43. 2. The Other Man, 87. 3. Reflections, xv; Adamson, 164. 4. Couto, 2. 5. Burgess, 95, 98. 6. Couto, 1. 7. The Other Man, 33. 8. Ibid., 87. 9. Sherry, I.612. Burns, 31–2, confirms that no evidence has been traced in either Basque or BBC archives to support Greene’s (or Sherry’s) statements. 10. ‘Notes on the Way’, Time and Tide, 19 October 1940, 1021–2. 11. Sherry, II.83. 12. Philby, 236–40. 13. Baldridge, 139. 14. Diemert, 58.

1 Fictionalized Politics

1. Wilson, 1–95; Lewis, 1–37; Sherry, I.3–64; and Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 2. Wilson, 39. See Wordsworth’s sonnet, ‘Clarkson! it was an obstinate hill to climb’, supporting abolition. 3. , 69–71; Sherry, III.90. Greene visited Charles’s grave in July 1957 and proudly mentioned him to General Torrijos of Panama in 1976; Getting to Know the General, 26. 4. A Sort of Life, 16; The Other Man, 30. 5. Verse V, ‘Hugh Selwyn Mauberley’ (1920). 6. Quoted in Sherry, I.53–62. 7. A Sort of Life, 82; Cockburn, 19–21. 8. Diemert, 19; Brennan, Waugh, 4. 9. Interview with R. S. Stanier (24 August 1977); quoted in Sherry, I.114. 10. Archive. Simpson, 341–52, citing papers owned by Ben’s son, Edward P. C. Greene of Oxford. Lewis, 51–2, 67–9. 11. Quoted Sherry, I.134. 12. Mockler, 16; Shelden, 88–9.

177 178 Notes

13. Rpt. Reflections, 1–4; A Sort of Life, 72–3; Sherry, I.114, 123, 134–5. 14. Raymond Greene, Moments of Being, 3–8; Lewis, 57–8. 15. A Sort of Life, 100–1; Sherry, I.135–8; Mockler, 19–20. 16. A Sort of Life, 100–1; Day, 62, 71–4. 17. A Sort of Life, 103–4; Sherry, I.138–9; Mockler, 20. 18. Rpt. Reflections, 5–8. 19. Ibid., 9–13; Adamson, 14–15. 20. Sherry, I.143. 21. Reflections, x–xi. 22. A Sort of Life, 97, wrongly citing the date of this trip as 1926; Sherry, I.161–3. 23. HRC, Box 17, Folder 7; Ways of Escape, 12–13; Sherry, I.164–6; Brennan, Greene, 5–8. 24. Greene, Life in Letters, 372. 25. Ways of Escape, 13; Sherry, I.166–73, 194–209. 26. Johnstone, 13; Sherry, I.232–3, 282–6. 27. A Sort of Life, 125–8; Sherry, I.299–303. Greene owned a copy of Strike Nights in Printing House Square, 1926, a privately printed record of The Times during the General Strike. He annotated ‘Poor G.G.’ against his picture among strike breakers; Annotated Library, 37. 28. HRC, Box 23, Folders 6–10, Box 24, Folder 1. 29. The novel was completed in November 1928. 30. A Sort of Life, 140. 31. Sherry, I.365–8; HRC, Box 25, Folder 1. 32. Sherry, I.381–2. 33. A Sort of Life, 144. 34. Ibid., 147. 35. Ways of Escape, 17. 36. Shelden, 141. HRC, Box 29, Folders 11. 37. Ways of Escape, 17. 38. Lord Rochester’s Monkey, 13–14, 18–23. HRC, Box 22, Folders 5–7; Box 23, Folders 1–2; Box 29, Folders 3–9. 39. Ways of Escape, 13, 19. Greene’s original copy of Carlyle’s 1851 work is lost but in 1971 he acquired another copy of the same edition; Annotated Library, 6.

2 National and International Politics

1. A Sort of Life, 145. 2. Letter to Greene’s mother, quoted Sherry, I.400. 3. , 59–60; Reflections, 22–4. 4. Sherry, I.435; Lewis, 113–14; A Sort of Life, 151. 5. HRC, Box 33, Folders 6–9; Box 34, Folder 1; Box 37, Folder 1 (Diaries, 1932–33). 6. Diemert, 48; Smith, 27. 7. Sherry, I.407. 8. Ways of Escape, 26–7. 9. Thomson, 46. 10. Adamson, 20–1. Notes 179

11. Czinner’s name recalls the Hungarian film director, Paul Czinner, who fled to England with his Jewish wife in 1933. Greene reviewed his film, As You Like It, in the Spectator, 11 September 1936. 12. Sherry, I.409–10. 13. HRC Box 37, Folder 1 (Diaries, 1932–33); Sherry, I.411, 416. 14. Sherry, I.435–6. sold over 21,000 UK and 5,000 US copies; Shelden, 165. MGM paid £1,738 for the film rights; Lewis, 110. 15. Ibid., 112. 16. Sherry, I.397–8; Lewis, 122–38. 17. Tracey, 20–2, 32–59. 18. Milne, 39–40, 268–9. 19. Ibid., 36. 20. Ibid., 43. 21. Lewis, 209–10. 22. Mornings in the Dark, 303–5. See also 329–33, 340–2, 356–7, 518–19 for Greene’s reviews of wartime films and his warning that after three years of conflict English art may ‘resemble art in Germany after three years of Nazi dictatorship’ (332). 23. Lewis, 139–60, 239–48, 300. 24. Ibid., 113–21. 25. HRC, Box 20, Folders 1–3. 26. Diemert, 108. 27. Ways of Escape, 33–4. 28. Adamson, 33. 29. Rpt. Reflections, 25–6. 30. Sherry, I.484–90; Partnoy, 156–78, 193–226. 31. Greene half expected this French strike, prompted by the National Front, to lead to a leftist coup d’état. Spectator, 16 February 1934, 229–30; rpt. Reflections, 30–3. 32. Review of Ford Madox Ford, The Great Trade Route, Mercury (February 1937), 424–5. 33. Ways of Escape, 38. 34. Greene, Articles of Faith, 165–79. TNA, FO 369/1757. The Greene–Leslie cor- respondence is in the John J. Burns Library, Boston College, Massachusetts. 35. TNA, KV2/979–81, HO334/180/27151; Day, 41–2, 239–56. 36. Sherry, I.600. Greene met Budberg again in September 1936 and in sum- mer 1937 his cousin Barbara, with whom he had travelled to Liberia, drove through Germany, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia to Estonia with Budberg’s daughter, Tania Benckendorff; Lewis, 266. Greene sustained contact with Budberg, dining with her in January 1959 and discussing the filming of in August 1965; Sherry, III.160, 853–4. 37. Reflections, xi. 38. Brennan, Greene, 34. 39. TNA FO371/18044 (Foreign Office documents on Greene’s Liberian trip). 40. Edwin Barclay was President of Liberia during Greene’s visit but Ways of Escape, 46, levels slaving charges against King, his predecessor; Sherry, I.570. 41. HRC, Box 20, Folders 7–9. 42. See BL Add MS 88987 for this 1981 edition; and Annotated Library, 159, for Greene’s presentation copy of the 1938 edition. 180 Notes

43. Brennan, Greene, 35. 44. Adamson, 8–9.

3 The Alienated Englishman

1. Lewis, 181–4; Day, 61–77. 2. Sherry, I.571, 579–80. 3. Ibid., I.573–4, 582. See also Greene’s article on King George VI’s visit to Paris, Spectator, 22 July 1938, 139–40. 4. HRC, Box 13, Folders 1–4. 5. Adamson, 22. 6. Greene reviewed Authors Take Sides in the Spectator, 10 December 1937; Shelden, 225; Burns, 28. 7. Sherry, I.611–13; Shelden, 225. Kim Philby was also in Spain in 1937/38, writing pro-Nationalist reports for The Times. 8. Lewis, 184. 9. TNA, KV2, 634–5; Lewis, 169–74. 10. Sherry, I.613–15; Lewis, 174–8; Watts, 45. Greene’s correspondence (1945–55) with his brother Herbert is at the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York. 11. The journalist and translator John H. P. Marks was features editor of Night and Day and Greene its literary editor, but they effectively worked as co-editors. 12. HRC Box 42, Folder 7 (Greene’s correspondence with Cooke); and Box 45, Folder 3 (with Hayward). 13. Ways of Escape, 60–3; Sherry, I.619–24. 14. Greene began planning the novel in August 1936 and completed it in January 1938; HRC, Box 1, Folders 1–6. 15. TNA, KV6/120–3; New York Times, 29 May 1964. 16. TNA, HO 45/23691. 17. Greene made similar revisions to ‘The Londoners: Notes from a Journal of the Blitz, 1940–1’, The Month (November 1952), 285, in which as a fire war- den he rescues a ‘large fat foreign Jew’. Reprinted in Ways of Escape (1980), this individual becomes a ‘large fat foreigner’. Adamson, 85; Watts, 113–22. 18. Annotated Library, 126–8. See Georgetown, Walston Collection, and Sherry, III.200–5, for a list of prostitutes known to Greene during the 1920s and 1930s. 19. Greene owned copies of the Ladies’ Directory, (1959–61), listing telephone numbers and services offered by London prostitutes during the 1950s. See TNA, MEPO 2/10559, and an antiquarian volume, Pretty Women of Paris (1883), detailing over 200 French prostitutes; Annotated Library, 33–4.

4 South America and the Outbreak of War

1. Sherry, I.656–8; Lewis, 188–90. 2. HRC, Box 42, Folder 9 (Burns correspondence). 3. The first instalments of appeared in the Tablet (14 May, 2 July, 13 August and 31 December 1938). HRC, Box 2, Folders 1–2. Notes 181

4. Sherry, I.659–62; Burns, 31–4. See HRC Box 42, Folder 7; and Annotated Library, 241, for Greene’s presentation copy of Muggeridge’s In a Valley of This Restless Mind, 1938, and a letter from Muggeridge about Greene’s Mexican experiences. 5. Ways of Escape, 81. 6. HRC, Box 27, Folders 1–6. 7. HRC, Box 11, Folders 3–7. 8. Greene’s library included the five-volume Bodley Head edition of Ford which he had commissioned and edited, and a presentation copy of The Good Soldier (1915), expressing Ford’s admiration for It’s a Battlefield. Annotated Library, 147–9. 9. Ways of Escape, 88. 10. Ibid., 91. 11. In the proofs (HRC) of for the collected edition of his works, Greene noted in red ink how he had been pleased to discover 20 years later that Philby cited this novel when explaining his view of Stalinism. See Gilvary and Middleton, 71. 12. Greene proudly cited Hugh’s Telegraph posting in Berlin in a letter (12 June 1939) to Ben Huebsch, a Jewish publisher at Viking’s New York offices; Sherry, II.10. 13. Sherry, II.11. 14. They moved on 1 July 1940 to Oxford, which Greene hoped the Germans would not bomb because of its intellectual importance. 15. Rpt. Reflections, 76–9. Greene also contributed commentary for a propaganda film, The New Britain (1940), extolling Britain’s social achievements since 1918; Adamson, 74. 16. Wise and Hill, 146–7. 17. Sherry, II.30–4. 18. Greene also solicited from Storm Jameson a book about ‘Women at War’ and a humorous detective pamphlet from Dorothy L. Sayers. See TNA KV2/2415 and Sherry, II.36–7. 19. See Shelden, 286–8, for contrasts between the short story and film. Greene also wrote for Cavalcanti a treatment based upon the Ostro spy ring in which a Singer sewing machine salesman sets up a network of imaginary agents. This film was never made but its plotline was recycled in . 20. In The Comedians, Brown mentions that he once worked for the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office on propaganda aimed at Vichy France. 21. Sherry, II.8, 38, 47. 22. Rpt. Reflections, 87–9; Adamson, 75–6. Greene remained fascinated by ’s destructive potency. In 1984 he received a presentation copy from the Nobel Prize-winning German author, Heinrich Böll, of his memoir What’s to Become of the Boy? with the dedication: ‘Dear , maybe you are interested in a schoolboy’s experience during the first years of Nazi time. Yours, Heinrich Böll, Nov. 1984.’ Annotated Library, 101. 23. In the Comedians Jones recites a monologue, ‘A Warden’s Patrol’. 24. Spectator, 20 June 1941. 182 Notes

25. Sherry, II.38, 66; Lewis, 236–8. Greene may also have had in mind Hugh’s former house in Berlin, destroyed by invading Russians just as Hugh’s mar- riage, like his own, was disintegrating; Tracey, 94. 26. Sherry, II.83. Greene’s presentation copy of Muggeridge’s Chronicles of Wasted Time (1972) contains notes denouncing it as ‘the worst autobiography I can remember reading’ and Muggeridge as an incompetent SIS officer. Annotated Library, 240–1. 27. Ways of Escape, 93; Sherry, II.84. 28. Jeffery, 479–80; ‘Notes on the Working of Agents’, British Intelligence Corps Library, Ashford, Kent; Sherry, II.86–8. 29. Philby, 241–3; Harrison, 43–65, 119–20; Milne, 45–50. For Philby’s passport (including false stamps), see Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, Elliot Collection. 30. HRC, Box 19, Folders 4–7. 31. Sherry, II.94. 32. Sherry, II.82, 104–6, 116. 33. TNA, KV3/270 and 2/2272. 34. Sherry, II.148. Originally titled ‘The Worst Passion of All’ (pity) and ‘The Man Who Forgot’, it was posted home by air mail in three sections, with another copy sent by surface mail. It was accepted by Heinemann and by Paramount (with a fee of £3,250), unusually, prior to publication. 35. Printed in Ways of Escape, 101–13. 36. HRC, Box 24, Folders 2–5. 37. Ben’s brother Felix worked from late 1941 in the United States for Quaker pacifist causes, with his distant cousin Christopher Isherwood and Aldous Huxley. In January 1943 Felix came to England to examine how US relief was being utilized by English Quakers; Lewis, 222, 255–60. 38. TNA, KV2/1118. 39. Simpson, 344; Ben Greene Archive; Lewis, 216–30. 40. TNA, KV2/489–95, Security Service Records, ‘Greene v. Anderson’; and HO45/25698/840166. Lewis, 231–3, 268–72, 277–96. Ben sued the Home Office in March 1942 for libel and false imprisonment. His case collapsed in April 1943, with costs of £1,243 against him; Simpson, 356–80. 41. These typescripts were auctioned in the 1980s by Cheffins, Grain and Comins, Cambridge, from whom they were purchased by Philip Owen of Wattisford, Suffolk, who sold them in 2006. See Lewis, 469–71, for Ben’s legal disputes with Ben Pimlott after his publication of Labour and the Left (1977), describing him as harbouring ‘pro-Nazi sympathies’. 42. Simpson, 343.

5 War Recollected and the 1950s

1. West and Tsarev, 219; Milne, 123–4. 2. Mockler, 192–3. No copy of this briefing document has been traced. 3. Mockler, 196; Milne, 138–9. Cloetta, 126–7, states that he made this move because of his boredom with intelligence bureaucracy. 4. Tracey, 84; Shelden, 312–13. The plot was leaked to SIS by a Lufthansa lawyer, Otto John, who regularly travelled to Portugal and Spain. Shelden speculates Notes 183

that Greene may have sensed Philby’s determination, under Soviet influence (fearing that a new German government would rapidly make peace with the Western powers and then become hostile towards Russia), not to support this conspiracy. Cave Brown, 162, 322–3, 330–1. 5. Sherry, II.209. 6. TNA, FO953/819, 2165; Lewis, 345–53. 7. TNA, KV2/2883, 3038–9. 8. Ways of Escape, 126. 9. An abridged version appeared in the American Magazine (March 1949). It was serialized in the Daily Express (December 1949) and Ellery Queen’s Mystery Magazine (April 1950), with publication by Viking (US, March 1950) and Heinemann (UK, July 1950). 10. HRC, Boxes 34–5; Sherry, II.242–52; Shelden, 318–19; Adamson, 91–4. 11. Ways of Escape, 125. 12. Adamson and Stratford, 39–45; Shelden, 331–2. 13. BL Add MS 88987/2/75. 14. HRC, Box 34, Folder 3. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 2, Folders 19–32; Box 3, Folders 1–2; Box 7, Folders 25–6. Shelden, 10. 15. In 1945 Greene wrote an article on Mauriac for De Gaulle’s La France Libre (16 April; published in England by Hamish Hamilton), translated for The Windmill (1946), 1(3), 80–3, and reprinted in Collected Essays (1969). Wise and Hill, 37, 160. 16. Rpt. Reflections, 113–22. 17. Sherry, II.110. 18. HRC, Box 13, Folders 5–8; Ways of Escape, 113, 118; New Yorker, 17 July 1948. 19. Sherry, II.304–6, 312–15, 325. In New York Greene visited General Gustavo Durán, a Spanish Republican general mentioned in Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls, who was married to Catherine Walston’s sister, Bonte. 20. HRC, Box 25, Folder 2. 21. HRC, Box 12, Folders 3–4. 22. 6 September 1950. Georgetown, Walston Collection; quoted Sherry, II.335. 23. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 1 (Malay diary). 24. Sherry, II.339–44; Shelden, 390; Adamson, 96–9. 25. This Gurkha patrol is described in a letter to Catherine Walston, 22 December 1950. Georgetown, Walston Collection; Sherry, II.344–58. 26. Milne, 102–3, 147; Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folders 2, 4 and 6 (Vietnam diaries); and ‘Before the Attack’, The Spectator, 16 April 1954; rpt. Reflections, 175–8; Sherry, II.482–8; Shelden, 392. Annotated Library, 38–9, lists five volumes (four as presentation copies) by the anti-American Australian journalist, Wilfred G. Burchett. The handwritten dedication to Greene of his Vietnam Will Win! (1968), reads: ‘A testimony of how the Americans – quick and garrulous ones – are being beaten by a small people with great souls.’ 27. Sherry, II.392–3. Greene drew information from Ellen Hammer, The Struggle for Indochina (1954), and Jean Sainteny, Histoire d’une Paix Manquee: Indochine 1945–1947 (1953), presented to him by its author at Hanoi in March 1955. Annotated Library, 40–1. 28. See ‘A Memory of Indo-China’, Listener, 15 September 1955. 29. Translated in ‘Indo-China: France’s Crown of Thorns’, Reflections, 129–47. 184 Notes

30. Rpt. Reflections, 160–6. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 4 (Vietnam diary). 31. Rpt. Reflections, 167–74. See also ‘Indo-China’, New Republic, 5 April 1954; ‘To Hope Till Hope Creates’, New Republic, 12 April 1954; ‘Catholics at War: Extracts from an Indo-China Journal’, Tablet, 17 April 1954; ‘The General and the Spy, Extract from an Indo-China Journal’, London Magazine, August 1954; ‘A Few Pipes, Extract from an Indo-China Journal’, London Magazine, December 1954; ‘Refugees and Victors’, Sunday Times, 1 May 1955; and ‘Last Act in Indo-China’, New Republic, 9 and 16 May 1955. The latter articles fol- lowed Greene’s fourth visit to Vietnam in spring 1955. 32. Yours etc., 34–6. 33. Ways of Escape, 164. Sherry, II.372–3, 385; Shelden, 415; HRC, Box 28, Folders 1–2. 34. Mornings in the Dark, 227; Yours etc., 56–8; Sherry, II.413. Reversing Greene’s political intentions, Joseph Mankiewicz’s 1957 film of the novel represents Fowler (Michael Redgrave) as the embodiment of the decaying world of colonialism while Pyle (the US war hero, Audie Murphy), stands for a brave new age of democracy and libertarianism. See ‘The Novelist and the Cinema. A Personal Experience’, Reflections, 200–5, for Greene’s denunciation of Mankiewicz’s ‘incoherent picture’ (202). He was outraged by the donation of proceeds from the Washington première of the film to an ‘aid for Vietnam’ appeal; Adamson, 136. 35. Sherry, II.426–34; Ways of Escape, 163–5. 36. The Other Man, 93. 37. Sherry, II.398–402; Special Collections Research Center, Syracuse University, NY (Allen archive). 38. Ways of Escape, 179. 39. Reprinted as ‘Three Revolutionaries’, Collected Essays, 301–3; Shelden, 383; Cloetta, 138–9; Lewis, 452; The Other Man, 89. 40. Sherry, II.472–3.

6 A Global Commentator and British Intelligence

1. Ways of Escape, 210; Sherry, II.437–43, III.13–14. 2. Chaplin was accused of communist sympathies, dating back to 1923. TNA, KV2/ 3700–1. 3. New Republic (13 October 1952); rpt. Reflections, 148–50. In 1958 Greene assisted The Bodley Head in commissioning and publishing (1964) Chaplin’s autobiography; BL Add MS 88987/2/12; Sherry, III.115–17. 4. For Greene’s FBI file, see www.investigatingtheterror.com (covert opera- tions documents) and the Spectator (7 April 1984), rpt. Reflections, 303–5. Seeking to access his CIA file, Greene was advised: ‘We are neither confirm- ing nor denying the existence or non-existence of such records’. Annotated Library, 180. 5. Ways of Escape, 210–16; Sherry, II.446–8. In a letter to , 19 August 1959 (rpt. Reflections, 88–9), Greene suggested that President Khruschev, then visiting the United States, should intervene on behalf of those whose entry to the US had been hampered by the McCarran Act. Notes 185

6. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 3 (Kenya diary). Elkins, 28. 7. Anderson, 1–5. 8. Sherry, II.461–4. 9. Quoted in Elkins, 275. 10. Anderson, 93–8, 125–9; Adamson, 106–14. 11. Ways of Escape, 185–6, 193. 12. Yours etc., 32–3. See also A Life in Letters, 213–14, for Greene to Maria Newell (31 January 1955), a white settler who farmed alone at Nakuru near Mau Mau territory. 13. Lewis, 452. 14. Atlantic Monthly (March 1956), 39–41; rpt. Ways of Escape, 220–9, and Reflections, 189–96. Shelden, 37–8. 15. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 7 (Polish diary); Ways of Escape, 221–5. 16. Sherry, III.73–85; Lewis, 452. When Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia came to Britain (February 1953), Greene described himself as an anti-totalitarian and anti-Communist Catholic, linking Tito’s persecution of Catholics with Stalin’s hatred of religion. ‘Tito and Stepinac’, and Nation, 14 February 1953. 17. Reflections, 312. 18. Georgetown, Majoribanks Collection, Box 1, Folders 1–14. The Times, 27 May 1985; rpt. Reflections, 308–15. Sherry, III.74. 19. Sherry, III.76; Shelden, 424. 20. Lewis, 399–405. Felix’s letter to the Spectator (9 September 1965). 21. Fussell, 97. The Chicago Tribune (1 February 1994) reported that Rear-Admiral David Pulvertaft, liaison between the media and Britain’s secret services, had demanded pre-publication access to Norman Sherry’s biographical treatment of Our Man in Havana. 22. Shelden, 36. Greene presented Catherine Walston with a copy of Norman Douglas’s South Wind (1947 edition), which has three names and Prague addresses annotated in pencil on its endpapers (Brotherton Library, Elliott Collection). 23 Greene kept in touch with Lancaster and dined with him on 16 February 1960. Another former intelligence officer, Leslie Nicholson, sought his advice in the late 1950s on publishing a memoir about the ‘old firm’. Sherry, III.126, 236. 24. After Dansey’s death, Greene moved into his flat at 5 St James’s Street, London, previously occupied by William Stephenson. This flat was the model for the St James’s Street flat occupied by Colonel Daintry, in ; Shelden, 36. 25. Sherry, II.487–8; Ways of Escape, 219–20; Shelden, 33–4; Lewis, 452. 26. Sherry, III.91–2. 27. Waugh, 548. 28. Shelden, 33. 29. Annotated Library, 9; Lewis, 452. 30. Shelden, 37. 31. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 2, Folder 23; Mornings in the Dark, 671–81. 32. Ways of Escape, 238–40; Sherry, III.103–4. 186 Notes

33. See Greene’s memoir of Guevara in ¡Viva Che! Contributions in Tribute to Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara, and Gilvary and Middleton, 149–65. 34. The Other Man, 59–61; Ways of Escape, 240–7; Shelden, 426. 35. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 2, Folders 14–18; HRC, Box 13, Folder 10; Sherry, III.301–11, 348, 352. This play, first staged at the International Graham Greene Festival on 30 September 2000, probably inspired the brothel scenes in The Comedians. 36. Sherry, III.98, 102–3; Macintyre, 21–5, 134–5, 186–7. HRC, Box 25, Folders 4–7, Box 26, Folders 1–3. 37. June 1977 interview with Norman Sherry, first cited in III.106. 38. Andrew, 246–54. 39. Sherry, III.106, 130–5. 40. Yours etc., 75–6, 95; Sherry, III.136–40. 41. Andrew, 284; Korda, Another Life, 7, quoted in Lewis, 451. 42. ‘Dr Castro’s Cuba’, Yours etc., 109–11. 43. Lewis, 408. See Reflections, 66, for Greene’s letter to The Times (25 February 1958), mocking arrangements to ensure that missiles could only be launched by a joint agreement between the British prime minister and the American president, since a crisis might arise, Greene surmised, when Macmillan was away quail shooting. 44. Reflections, 213–20; Sherry, III.144–9; Annotated Library, 20.

7 The Alienated Writer

1. Greene condemned Churchill in the News Chronicle, 13 June 1958. See Yours etc., 98–100, for André Malraux’s letter to Greene (Le Monde, 22 June 1960) about the imprisonment in Algiers of the communist French-Algerian jour- nalist, Henri Alleg, who had denounced torture; and Greene’s letter to The Times about torture in Africa. Sherry, III.107; Reflections, 69–72. 2. HRC, Box 1, Folders 7–10; Box 2, Folders 1–4. Sherry, III.153–4, 162–209, 258. 3. See Greene’s ‘Letter to a West German Friend’ (New Statesman, 31 May 1963); rpt. Reflections, 207–12, describing the Berlin Wall as the ‘great difficulty of Communism’ (208). 4. Sherry, III.210–15, 223–36. 5. Ibid., III.236–8. See Brotherton Library, Leeds, GB 206, MS 1253, for Surkov’s papers. Yours etc., 96–8. 6. Cloetta, 121; Lewis, 452. Greene also owned copies of Patrick Seale and Maureen McConville, Philby: the Long Road to Moscow (1973), and Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Philby Affair (1968). Annotated Library, 10–12. 7. TNA, FCO 28/4199; PREM 11/4457; FO953/2165. 8. Cloetta, 123–4. Greene noted in Ways of Escape that Philby had cited The Confidential Agent following his defection to explain his view of ‘Stalinism’ (91). 9. See Annotated Library, 9–14, for Greene’s books on Burgess and Maclean. 10. HRC, Boxes 6–10; Sherry, II.489–90, III.313–18. 11. Sherry, III.375. 12. Rpt. Reflections, 221–8. 13. Vintage edition (2004), v–vi. See Greene’s copy of The Tales of Tchehov for extensive notes on the drafting of The Comedians. Annotated Library, 115–16. Notes 187

14. He was a cardinal whom Greene met in Bombay at Christmas 1963; Sherry, III.440. 15. Baldridge, 169. 16. Yours etc., 130–1; Annotated Library, 186. 17. Sherry, III.372–4. This was the last screenplay undertaken by Greene for one of his own books. 18. Yours etc., 146. Diederich had sent Greene a copy of Hommage au Martyr de la non-violence: le Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (Haiti, 1968), printed as part of Duvalier’s attempt to link himself with Dr King’s inspiring reputation. Annotated Library, 21. 19. Reflections, 271–4. 20. ‘America’s Stakes in Vietnam’; http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research- Aids/JFK-Speeches/Vietnam-Conference-Washington-DC_19560601.aspx. 21. See Annotated Library, 38–42, for Greene’s numerous books on Vietnam and Indo-China. 22. Yours etc., 104–6. 23. Sherry, III.463–4; Yours etc., 114–15. 24. Yours etc., 118–20. 25. Ibid., 120–5, 130–1. 26. Greene reiterated his opposition to US involvement in Authors Take Sides on Vietnam, ed. C. Woolf and J. Bagguley (1967), containing views of over 300 writers. 27. Lewis, 408–10. 28. See http://www.newspapers.com/newspage/17915585/. Shelden, 486. 29. HRC Box 42, Folder 8; Georgetown, Green Collection, Box 1. 30. Sherry, III.561; Yours etc., 149–53. 31. Yours etc., 163–5, 176. In the My Lai Massacre (16 March 1968), 400 South Vietnamese civilians were murdered by an American infantry division. See Greene’s letter to the New Statesman (18 April 1975), comparing conditions in Vietnam to the French withdrawal in 1955. 32. Yours etc., 117–18. US forces were withdrawn from the Dominican Republic in September 1966. The Johnson administration supported the reappoint- ment in that year of former president Joaquín Balaguer. 33. Letter to Harry Walston (24 January 1967). Greene delivered an impromptu radio broadcast in French from Havana to Haiti; Sherry, III.449–5. He received a presentation copy of Cuba: le livre des douze (1965) by François Carlos, Castro’s then director of propaganda; Annotated Library, 22. 34. Collected Essays, retitled, ‘The Marxist Heretic’, 303–10. 35. Reflections, 245–52. 36. Annotated Library, 4, 18 and (for other Russian correspondence), 179–80. See Cloetta, 106–9, for Greene’s later attempts to assist the dissidents Anatoly Shcharansky (1981) and Aleksander Ogorodnikov (1986). 37. Yours etc., 135–9. 38. Sherry, III.748. 39. Sherry, III.460–3, 855. Sections of Greene’s speech were published in the PEN Newsletter (summer 1968). The Times (17 January 1970) published a letter to Greene from Daniel’s son, Alexander, about his father’s prison conditions. Yours etc., 137. 40. Ibid., 144; Philby, 175. 188 Notes

8 An International Commentator and Occasional Novelist

1. Rpt. Yours etc., 112–14, 131–2. 2. Sherry, III.454–5; The Other Man, 9–10; Cloetta, 114. 3. Sherry, III.464–71; Ways of Escape, 276–83. See also ‘An Incident in Sinai’, Sunday Telegraph (25 October 1967). 4. Rpt. Collected Essays, 339–45; Sherry, III. 507–10. 5. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folders 34–5, including Philby’s let- ter (29 April 1968) about this preface. Greene’s library contained three copies of Philby’s My Silent War, newspaper articles about or by him and a 1989 postcard (a portrait of Greene) from Rufina Philby. Annotated Library, 11. 6. Sherry, II.488. Cave Brown, 583–5. Greene owned a copy of E. H. Cookridge’s : the Truth about Kim Philby, 1968. Annotated Library, 9. 7. Collected Essays, 310–14. 8. Philby, 44, 86. 9. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 3, 29 April 1968; Folders 35–58, Greene/Philby correspondence (17 May 1978 to 27 January 1988), including a postcard sent from Cuba by Philby, signed ‘Your Fan in Havana’ (8 January 1979). Cave Brown, 602; Cloetta, 123–4, 144. 10. Sherry, II.488–96; III.140; Lewis, 454–5. See Cloetta, 119, for Rufina Philby’s assertion: ‘To suggest that Kim became a triple agent after he came to Moscow is pure nonsense.’ 11. Philby, 280–1. 12. Yours etc., 160, 165–6. See Annotated Library, 195, for Havel’s correspondence with Greene. 13. HRC, Boxes 35–6; Sherry, III.445, 483. 14. Rpt. Reflections, 257–65. 15. See Ways of Escape, 289, describing Paraguay as a country ‘where no criticism of the United States was allowed in the Press’. 16. Sherry, III.510–14. Greene made another visit to Corrientes and Asunción in March 1970. The Spanish edition of was dedicated to Ocampo. 17. Shelden, 458–9. 18. BL Add MS 88987/2/79; Sherry, III.484–8; HRC, Galley Folder 7 (revised proofs). 19. Reflections, 266–70. 20. Yours etc., 140–1. 21. Ibid., 141–5. 22. This English edition printed the sections published in the 1966 Russian edi- tion, with the censored passages added in bold type and new material within brackets. 23. Sharrock, 200–1. See BL Add MS 88987/2/53for revised typescript and Add MS 71227A–E. 24. Yours etc., 154–7; The Other Man, 112–15. 25. The Other Man, 54; Sherry, III.615–18. 26. Sherry, III.510, 552; Reflections, 275–83. 27. See BL RP7031/8 for Greene’s interest in Argentinian affairs during the late 1980s. 28. In a letter to the Daily Telegraph (9 October 1973) Greene denied reading Jackson’s memoir, People’s Prison (1973), before the completing his novel. Notes 189

29. HRC, Boxes 14–16. 30. Sherry, III.525–7. 31. Ibid., III.530–5; West, 220–7. 32. West, 233. 33. Hammond, 107; BL Add MS 88987/2/57; HRC, Boxes 17–18. 34. Davis hopes to be posted to Lourenço Marques (43), Muggeridge’s SIS base during the Second World War. 35. Greene’s copy of this memoir contained a letter from Eleanor Philby, thanking him for his loyalty to her husband; Annotated Library, 11. See also illustrations of Philby’s flat in Rufina Philby’s The Private Life of Kim Philby, between pages 230 and 231. 36. Sherry, III.601–5. 37. Ways of Escape, 299. Greene owned a copy of The Nuclear Axis (1978) by Zdenek Cervenka and Barbara Rogers, but added a note stating that it was published after his completion of The Human Factor; Annotated Library, 6. 38. Yours etc., 145. 39. Shelden, 482. 40. Boyle, 421–2, 444–5; Lewis, 455; Life in Letters, 354. 41. See Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Eng.c.7228/86–8, for a 1982 letter from Philby to Greene (Sutro Papers). 42. The Last Word, 60–76; Annotated Library, 181; Cloetta, 114, 144.

9 Looking for an Ending

1. Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, Elliott Collection MS Greene. See also Greene’s treatment of wealth in (1955), set in Monte Carlo. 2. Sharrock, 269; Watts, 81; Bergonzi, 177. 3. Greene provided a front-wrapper endorsement for Artyom Borovik’s The Hidden War: a Russian Journalist’s Account of the Soviet War in Afghanistan (1990); Annotated Library, 4. 4. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Boxes 2–4. 5. Shelden, 477; Sherry, III.663. 6. Général de Boissieu, Head of the Légion d’Honneur and de Gaulle’s son-in- law, advised Greene that the honour could only be removed by death or dishonour. 7. BL Add MS 88987/2/60; Sherry, III.629–32; Yours etc., 207–8. 8. As well as Guy’s cruelties towards his wife, Greene detailed in J’Accuse atroci- ties which Guy claimed to have carried out when serving in the French para- military Organisation de l’armée secrète (OAS) in Algeria. 9. Sherry, III.633–52. 10. Proof copy, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds. 11. See BL Add MSS 70930–1 and Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folders 11–14 (Greene’s Panama diaries). 12. Torrijos banished Martínez to Miami in spring 1969 and was himself briefly ousted from power in December 1969 by two US-trained military officers, but was soon reinstated as ‘Maximum Leader’. 13. Sherry, III.564–9; Shelden, 465–7. 14. Greene owned a presentation copy of Torrijos’s La Quinta Frontera (1978), to which he had contributed an epilogue, signed: ‘Graham Greene de tu amigo Omar. Panama, 8/20.78’; Annotated Library, 26. 190 Notes

15. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Boxes 5–6. 16. The model for CIA Agent Quigly in The Captain and the Enemy (1988). 17. Sherry, III.571–9. 18. TNA, FCO 99/343–4. 19. Material included, virtually verbatim, in Getting to Know the General, 104. 20. Sherry, III.579–84; Annotated Library, 19–20; Shelden, 472. 21. Yours etc., 190–1. 22. Greene received a presentation copy of Chuchu’s Mi General Torrijos (1987); Annotated Library, 24. He doubted the bomb theory in Getting to Know the General (165), but added a ‘Postscript’ (192) detailing the theory that a bomb had been placed within a tape recorder. Reports in June 1987 alleged that a bomb, disguised as a radio transmitter, had been placed on the plane, perhaps with CIA complicity; Sherry, III.584–8. See also a draft letter about Torrijos’s suspicious death in Annotated Library, 176. 23. Shelden, 469–70; Sherry, III.463. 24. Alan Riding, ‘His Man in Panama’, The New York Times, 4 November 1984; see https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/20/specials/greene-general.html. 25. First published in Firebird (1982) as ‘On the Way Back: a work not in pro- gress’; rpt. The Last Word, 138–50, as ‘An Appointment with the General’. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folder 11; Box 7, Folder 13. 26. The Times (15 October 1983); Sherry, III.595–6. 27. Sherry, III.585–91. 28. Ibid, III.591–2; Yours etc., 227, 230–2. See also Annotated Library, 176–8, for other documents about Nicaragua. 29. Yours etc., 233–8, including Greene’s letter to The Times (19 July 1986), reas- serting his belief that the United States supported the Contras. 30. Sherry, III.736. 31. Yours etc., 242–4. 32. Ibid., 244–5, 247. 33. Ibid., 252. 34. Brennan, Greene, 154. 35. Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folders 47–55. See Annotated Library, 8–14, for Greene’s numerous volumes on espionage. Cave Brown, 601–2. Rufina Philby, 46, 61, 333-4. 36. Philby, 173, 201. In 1986 Greene donated 22 years of his Russian royalties for children from Chernobyl; Cloetta, 108. 37. Philby, 177; Sherry, III.740–7, 750. 38. Reflections, 316–17. 39. Lewis, 457–8. 40. Associated Press Report, 4 October 1988; Cloetta, 143. 41. Greene inserted into his copy of Nigel West’s MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909–45 (1983), letters from Cairncross (some signed ‘Claymore’), from 10 February 1980 to 12 October 1990. See also BL Add MS 89015/2/7/4 and Cloetta, 142. The same volume contained a letter from Burgess written after Greene’s 1960 visit to Moscow; Annotated Library, 8, 12–13, 50. 42. Lewis, 458–9. Challoner purchased Greene’s former home at Antibes and participated in the 1993 BBC TV documentary The Graham Greene Trilogy. Notes 191

Part 3. A World of My Own (British Film Institute). He was allegedly the ghostwriter of Cairncross’s The Enigma Spy. See Farrell, 23–4. 43. See BL Add MS 71228 and Georgetown, Greene Collection, Box 1, Folders 59–66; Box 2, Folders 1–5. Greene worked on The Captain and the Enemy from 16 December 1974 to 23 January 1985. 44. Brennan, Greene, 156–7.

Postscript

1. le Carré, The Listener, 102. 2. Greene to Christopher Burstall, The Listener, 1968. 3. BBC Arena, Part 3, January 1993; quoted Sinyard, 77. 4. The Other Man, 75. 5. Orwell, Works, 19:423, 20:75, 85–6. The Other Man, 75. A ‘fellow-traveller’ describes someone who sympathizes with the aims of an organization (here British socialism) but does not formally join as a member. 6. Baldridge, 48. 7. Schwartz. 8. Cloetta, 105. 9. Quoted Diemert, 179. Bibliography

Key Collections

Bodleian Library, Oxford: MS Eng.c.7228/86–8 British Library, London: BL Add MSS 70930–1, 71227A–E, 71228, 73536, 88987/2/12, 88987/2/53, 88987/2/57, 88987/2/60, 88987/2/75, 88987/2/79, 89015/2/7/4 RP7031/8 Brotherton Library, Leeds: Elliott Collection (Doctor Fischer papers; Philby papers, including passport; and 1947 edition of Norman Douglas’s South Wind, given to Catherine Walston) GB206, MS 1253 John J. Burns Library, Boston College: Greene–Leslie correspondence Lauinger Library, Georgetown University: Catherine Walston Collection 1/1–7 Graham Greene Collection 1/3, 5–6, 11–14, 34–66; 2/1–5, 14–32; 3/1–2; 4; 7/13, 25–6 James Majoribanks Collection, Box 1, Folders 1–14 Pierpont Morgan Library, New York: Graham Greene and Herbert Greene correspondence Private Archive: Ben Greene papers The Harry Ransom Research Center (HRC), University of Texas at Austin: Box 1/1–10; 2/1–4, 6–10; 11/3–7; 12/3–4; 13/1–8, 10, 14–18; 17/7; 19/4–7; 20/1–3, 7–9; 22/5–7; 23/1–2, 6–10; 24/1–5; 25/1–2, 4–7; 26/1–3; 27/1–6; 28/ 1–2; 29/3–9, 11; 33/6–9; 34/1, 3; 35–6; 37/1; 42/6–7, 9; 45/3 Galley Folder 7 The National Archives (TNA), Kew: FCO28/4199; 99/343–4; 369/1757; 371/18044; 953/819, 2165 HO45/23691; 45/25698/840166; 334/180/27151 KV2/489–95; 2/1118; 2/634–5, 979–81; 2/2272, 2/2415, 2/2883, 3038–9, 3700–1; 3/270; 6/120–3 MEPO 2/10559 PREM11/4457

Works by Graham Greene

A Burnt Out Case [1961]. London: Vintage, 2004. [1936]. London: Vintage, 2001. A Life in Letters, ed. Richard Greene. London: Little, Brown, 2007.

192 Bibliography 193

Articles of Faith: The Collected Tablet Journalism of Graham Greene, ed. Ian Thomson. Oxford: Signal Books, 2006. A Sort of Life [1971]. London: Vintage, 1999. [1938]. London: Vintage, 2004. British Dramatists. London: Collins, 1942. Collected Essays [1969]. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979. Doctor Fischer of Geneva or The Bomb Party [1980]. London: Vintage, 1999. [1935]. London: Vintage, 2001. Getting to Know the General [1984]. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986. [1961]. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986. It’s A Battlefield [1934]. Harmondsworth: Penguin, n.d. J’Accuse: The Dark Side of Nice. London: The Bodley Head, 1982. Journey Without Maps [1936]. London: Vintage, 2006. Lord Rochester’s Monkey [1974]. London: Futura, 1976. Monsignor Quixote [1982]. London: Vintage, 2006. (Ed.) Night and Day [1937], ed. Christopher Hawtree. London: Chatto & Windus, 1985. No Man’s Land [1950]. London: Hesperus Press, 2005. Our Man in Havana [1958]. London: Vintage, 2004. Reflections. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991. See BL Add MS 88987/2/68 for Greene’s corrected proofs. Stamboul Train [1932]. London: Vintage, 2004. The Captain and the Enemy [1988]. Harmondsworth: Penguin 1989. The Comedians [1966]. London: Vintage, 2004. The Confidential Agent [1939]. London: Vintage, 2002. The End of the Affair [1951]. London: Vintage, 2004. The Graham Greene Film Reader: Mornings in the Dark, ed. David Parkinson. Manchester: Carcanet, 1993. [1948]. London: Vintage, 2004. The Honorary Consul [1973]. London: Vintage, 2004. The Human Factor [1978]. London: Vintage, 2005. The Last Word and Other Stories [1990]. London: Reinhardt Books, 1990. The Lawless Roads [1939]. London: Vintage, 2002. [1929]. London: Vintage, 2001. [1943]. London: Vintage, 2001. . London: Heinemann, 1930. The Other Man: Conversations with Graham Greene. Marie-Françoise Allain [1979]. London: The Bodley Head, 1983. [1940]. London: Vintage, 2002. [1955]. London: Vintage, 2002. The Tenth Man [1985]. London: Vintage, 2000. The Third Man [1948/50]. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978. [1969]. London: Vintage, 1999. ¡Viva Che! Contributions in Tribute to Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara, ed. Marianne Alexandre. London: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1968. Ways of Escape [1980]. London: Vintage, 1999. Yours etc. Letters to the Press 1945–89, ed. Christopher Hawtree. London: Reinhardt, 1989. 194 Bibliography

Secondary Sources

Adamson, Judith. Graham Greene: The Dangerous Edge. Where Art and Politics Meet. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1990. Adamson, Judy, and Stratford, Philip. ‘Looking for the Third Man’. Encounter, June 1978, 39–45. Anderson, David. Histories of the Hanged: Britain’s Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005. Andrew, Christopher. The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5. London: Allan Lane, 2009. Annotated Library of Graham Greene, The. London: The Gloucester Road Bookshop, 1993. Baldridge, Cates. Graham Greene’s Fictions: The Virtue of Extremity. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 2000. Bergonzi, Bernard. A Study in Greene: Graham Greene and the Art of the Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Bosco, Mark. Graham Greene’s Catholic Imagination. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Boyle, Andrew. The Climate of Treason: Five who Spied for Russia. London: Hutchinson, 1979. Brennan, Michael G. Graham Greene: Fictions, Faith and Authorship. London: Continuum, 2010. Brennan, Michael G. Evelyn Waugh: Fictions, Faith and Family. London: Bloomsbury, 2013. Burgess, Anthony. ‘Politics in the Novels of Graham Greene’. Journal of Contemporary History, 2 (1967), 93–9. Burns, Jimmy. Papa Spy. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. Burstall, Christopher. ‘Graham Greene Takes the Orient Express’. The Listener, 21 November 1968. Cave Brown, Anthony. Treason in the Blood: H. St. John Philby, Kim Philby, and the Spy Case of the Century. London: Robert Hale, 1995. Cloetta, Yvonne. In Search of a Beginning: My Life with Graham Greene. Bloomsbury: London, 2004. Cockburn, Claud. Claud Cockburn Sums Up. London: Quartet, 1981. Cousins, Sheila. To Beg I am Ashamed. London: Transworld Publishers, 1962. Couto, Maria. Graham Greene: On the Frontier. Politics and Religion in the Novels. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988. Day, Peter. Klop. Britain’s Most Ingenious Secret Agent. London: Biteback Publishing, 2014. Diemert, Brian. Graham Greene’s Thrillers and the 1930s. Montreal: McGill- Queen’s University Press, 1996. Durán, Leopoldo. Graham Greene: Friend and Brother. London: HarperCollins, 1994. Elkins, Caroline. Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2005. Falk, Quentin. Travels in Greeneland: The Cinema of Graham Greene. London and New York: Quartet Books, 1984, rpt. 1990. Fallada, Hans. Little Man, What Now?, tr. Susan Bennett. New York: Melville House Publishing, 1996. Bibliography 195

Farrell, Nigel. ‘Agent of Longer Duration’. The Spectator, 10 October 1997, 23–4. Fussell, Paul. ‘Can Graham Greene Write English?’. The Boy Scout Handbook and Other Observations, 95–100. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Gilvary, Dermot, and Middleton, Darren, eds. Dangerous Edges of Graham Greene: Journeys with Saints and Sinners. London: Continuum, 2011. Greene, Barbara. Land Benighted. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1938. Greene, Felix. The Wall Has Two Sides: A Portrait of China Today. London: Jonathan Cape, 1962. Greene, Felix. Vietnam! Vietnam! Palo Alto, CA: Fulton Publishing Company, 1966. Greene, Raymond. Moments of Being. London: Heinemann, 1974. Hammond, Andrew. British Fiction and the Cold War. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Harrison, E. D. R. The Young Kim Philby: Soviet Spy and British Intelligence Officer. Exeter: Exeter University Press, 2012. Jeffery, Keith. MI6. The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909–1949 [2010]. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2011. Johnstone, Richard. The Will to Believe: Novelists of the Nineteen-thirties. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. le Carré, John. ‘Man of Mystery: The Enigma of Graham Greene’. The Listener, 4 October 1979, 102. le Carré, John. The Tailor of Panama. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996. Lewis, Jeremy. Shades of Greene: One Generation of an English Family. London: Vintage, 2011. MacArthur, James. ‘To the Heart of the Master’. Globe and Mail, 19 January 1991. Macintyre, Ben. Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies. London: Bloomsbury, 2012. Milne, Tim. Kim Philby: The Unknown Story of the KGB’s Master Spy. London: Biteback Publishing, 2014. Mockler, Anthony. Graham Greene: Three Lives. Arbroath: Hunter Mackay, 1994. Orwell, George. The Complete Works of George Orwell (20 vols), ed. Peter Davison. London: Secker & Warburg, 1997–8. Partnoy, Frank. The Match King: Ivar Kreuger and the Financial Scandal of the Century. London: Profile Books, 2009. Philby, Rufina. The Private Life of Kim Philby. London: St Ermin’s Press, 1999. Schwartz, Adam. ‘A “Catholic Fellow-Traveler”? Graham Greene and Communism’. Explorations: The Twentieth Century, 4 October 2012. http://explorations20th.wordpress.com/2012/10/04/a-catholic-fellow-traveler- graham-greene-and-communism/. Sharrock, Roger. Saints, Sinners and Comedians: The Novels of Graham Greene. Tunbridge Wells and Notre Dame, IN: Burns & Oates and University of Notre Dame Press, 1984. Shelden, Michael. Graham Greene: The Man Within. London: Heinemann, 1994. Sherry, Norman. The Life of Graham Greene. Volume 1: 1904–1939, Volume 2: 1939–1955 and Volume 3: 1955–1991. London: Jonathan Cape, 1989, 1994, 2004. Simpson, A. W. Brian. In the Highest Degree Odious: Detention without Trial in Wartime Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. 196 Bibliography

Sinyard, Neil. Graham Greene. A Literary Life. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Smith, Graham. The Achievement of Graham Greene. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1986. Thomson, Brian. Graham Greene and the Politics of Popular Fiction and Film. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Tracey, Michael. A Variety of Lives: A Biography of Sir . London: Bodley Head, 1983. Watts, Cedric. A Preface to Greene. Harlow: Longman, 1997. Waugh, Evelyn. The Letters of Evelyn Waugh, ed. Mark Amory. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980. West, Nigel, and Tsarev, Oleg. The Crown Jewels: The British Secrets at the Heart of the KGB Archives. London: HarperCollins, 1998; rpt. 1999. West, W. J. The Quest for Graham Greene. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1997. Wilson, Richard, G. Greene King: A Business and Family History. London: The Bodley Head & Jonathan Cape, 1983. Wise, Jon, and Hill, Mike. The Works of Graham Greene: A Reader’s Bibliography and Guide. London and New York: Continuum, 2012. Woodcock, George. The Writer and Politics. London: Porcupine Press, 1948. Index

Abwehr (German Secret Service), Belgrade, xiii 78, 107, 109 Belize, xxiii, 167 Adamson, Judith, ix–x, 10, 36 Benckendorff, Dijon von, 35 Afghanistan, xxii, 26, 134, 155 Bergonzi, Bernard, 154 Aguilar, Florencio, 161 , 1, 3–6, Aguirre, José Antonio, 84 23, 58–9, 151, 171 Algiers, 113 Bernstorff, Andreas von, 8–9 Allain, Marie-Françoise, x–xi, 58, 94, Berlin, xii, 6, 8, 27–8, 35, 53, 132, 154, 174 65, 114 Allain, Yves, 132 Berry, Sir William (Viscount Alleg, Henri, 186 Camrose), 27 Allen, Larry, 94 Betjeman, John, 49 Allende, Salvador, xxi, 143–4 Bilbao, xvi, 45 American Academy of Letters, 126–7 Blackwell, Basil, 10–11 Amin, Idi, 155 Blake, George, 149 Andrew, Christopher, 169–70 Blake, Sir Patrick, 2 Andropov, Yuri, 134 Bletchley Park, xvii, 170 Anglo-German Fellowship, 11, 29 Blitz, see London Blitz Antibes, xx, 116, 118, 129, 131, 164 Blunden, Edmund, 116 Arbuckle, Thomas, 126 Blunt, Anthony, 67, 151, 170 Arf a Mo’ Hitler (film), 66 Bogdanov, Alexander, 36 Argentina, xxi, 136–7, 143 Bolivar, Simon, 161 Atlee, Clement, 57, 74 Bolivia, 130, 137 Auden, W.H., 34, 45 Böll, Heinrich, 181 Azores, 78–9 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 140 Bonn, 9 Baden-Powell, Robert, 109 Borge, Tomás, 164, 169 Balchin, Nigel, 50 Borovik, Genrickh, 168–9 Baldridge, Cates, xviii BOSS (South African Secret Service), Balfour Declaration (1926), 13 xxii, 150 Balkan politics, xiv Bourgeois, Roy, 166 Baltic States, xiv Bourne, Geoffrey Kemp, 127 Bank of England, xi, 3 Bowlby, Cuthbert, xvii, 68 Barbot, Clément, 118 Bowen, Elizabeth, 34, 49 Barcelona, 47 Bowen, Marjorie, 116 Bastos, Roa, 139 Bowler, Kitty, 47 Batista, Fulgencio, 107–8, 110–11 Boyle, Andrew, 151 Bay of Pigs, 111–12 Brazil, 4, 130, 137, 143 Beauclerk, Charles, 80 Brighton, 13, 40, 51–5, 62, Beirut, 106, 116 137, 171 Beckett, Samuel, 5 British American Tobacco (BAT), 11 Belfast, 142 British Board of Film Censors, Belgian Congo, xix, 114 xix, 107

197 198 Index

British Broadcasting Corporation Carlyle, Thomas, Life of John Sterling, (BBC), xii, xvi, 28–9, 40–1, 46, xiii, 11, 18–19, 178 50, 56–7, 103, 126 Carpio, Cayetano, 161 British Council Against European Carré, John le, 106, 173 Commitments (BCAEC), 73 Carter, Jimmy, xxiii, 159, 161, 172 British Council for a Christian Castle, Barbara, 99 Settlement (BCCSE), 74 Castro, Fidel, xx, 107–8, 110–11, British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 66 128–9, 134, 136, 144, 159, British People’s Party (BPP), xvii, 73 161, 187 British Radio Security Castro, Raúl, 107, 128 Service (RSS), 109 Catholicism, 1–2, 12, 16, 19, 27, 45, British Security Coordination 85, 91, 102, 112, 114, 121, 128, (BSC), 105 136, 168–9, 173–4 Brittain, Vera, 74 in China, xix, 101–3 Brixton Prison, xviii, 73, 75 in Cuba, 112, 128 Browning, Robert, 175 in Haiti, 120–1 Buchan, John, 9, 41, 64, 110 in Ireland, 142–3 Buck, Catherine, 2 in Mexico, 56–63, 102 Buck, William, 1–2 in Poland, 101 Buckley, William F., 164–5 in the Rhineland, 16 Budapest, 111 in South America, xv, xxi, 56–63, Budberg, Nikolai, 35 143–8, 164–7 Budberg, Maria (Moura), Cavalcanti, Alberto, 67, 107, 181 xiv, 35, 179 Cazalet, Victor, 45 Bukovsky, Vladimir, 129 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Bunker, Ellsworth, 159–60 xx–xxi, 93, 95, 111, 116–17, Burchett, Wilfred G., 183 120, 122–3, 125, 128, 138, 143, Burdekin, Katherine, see Constantine, 151, 160–1, 163, 172, 184 Murray Chiang Kai-shek, 121 Burgess, Anthony, xi, 134 Challoner, Ronnie, 170, 190–1 Burgess, Guy, 52, 67, 98, 116–17, 149, Chamberlain, Arthur Neville, 66, 74 170 Chamberlain, Joseph, 76 Burns, Tom, 57, 67 ‘Chamberlain Must Go’ (political Burt, Al, 122 campaign), 66 Bury and Suffolk Herald, 2 Chaplin, Charlie, 96–7, 184 Chapman, Guy, 49 Cabral, Donald Reid, 128 ‘Charter 77’, 136 Cachin, Monsieur, 101 Chiang Kai-shek, 102 Cairncross, John, 169–70, 190–1 Chile, xxi, 143–4, 169, 176 Cairo, xvii, 106 China, xix, 11, 90, 101–4, 175 Calero, Adolfo, 166 Chipping Campden, 21–2, 24 Cambridge University, xii Choix (anthology), xvii, 79 Canabal, Tomas Garrido, 60 Chorley, Robert, Baron Chorley, 102 Canal Zone, Panama, xxiii, 159–160, Christian Anti-Slavery and Aboriginal 171–2 Protection Society, 37 Cárdenas, Lázaro, 58, 61 ‘Chuchu’, see Martinez, José de Jésus Carlist Wars, xiii, 16–17, 18–19 Churchill, Randolph, 113 Carlos V, King of Spain, 19 Churchill, Sir Winston, xi, 4, 74, 105, Carlos, François, 187 159, 165 Index 199

Clairouin, Denyse, 33 Dayan, Moshe, 132 Clarkson, John, 2 Day-Lewis, Cecil, 49 Clarkson, Thomas, 2 Dayrell-Browning, Vivien, see Greene, Cloetta (Guy), Alexandra, 156 Vivien Cloetta (Guy), Martine, 156, 158 Deacon, Richard, 106 Cloetta, Yvonne, xxii, 116, Dean, Basil, 84 152, 157, 168 de Gaulle, Charles, 113 Clynes, J.H., 76 Dennys, Elizabeth, see Greene, Cockburn, Claud, xii, 5. 9, 10, 11, 46 Elizabeth Codrington, John, 105 Dennys, Rodney Onslow, 106, 134 Cold War, 85, 101, 107, 112, 128, Deutsch, Arnold, 41, 170 148, 154 Diederich, Bernard, 122, 187 Cole, G.D.H., xiii, 24, 30–1 Diemert, Brian, 5 Collins, Michael, 7 Dien Bien Phu, 94, 113, 123 Cologne, 9 Dominican Republic, 120, 128, 140 Communist Party of Great Britain, Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 140 xii, xiv, xv, 10, 30, 96 Drake, Sir Francis, 171 Confessions of a Nazi Spy (film), 28 Dumarsais Estimé, Léon, 119 Connolly, Cyril, 49 Dunkirk, 66, 67 Conrad, Joseph, 11, 16, 19, 32, 36 Dunne, John William, 41 Constantine, Murray (Katherine Dupont-Gonin, Pierre, 123 Burdekin), 49 Durán, Gustavo, 183 Constantinople (Istanbul), 15, 23 Durán, Leopoldo, 155–6 Cooke, Alistair, 50 Durango, 45 Costa Rica, xxiii, 60 Duvalier, François (‘Papa Doc’), ‘Cousins, Sheila’, 54–5 xx, 117–22, 124, 140, Couto, Maria, x–xi, 78 157, 165 Coward, Noel, 115 Cowdray Estate, 61 Ecuador, 57 Cowgill, Felix, 79 Eden, Anthony, 51 Crane, Stephen, 54 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 123 Cripps, Sir Stafford, 76, 84 Elliott, Nicholas, 106, 116–17 Cristero War, Mexico, 13 Elmes, Guy, 86 Cromwell, Oliver, 18 El Salvador, xxiii, 155, 169, 172 Crossman, Richard, 66 Emergency Powers, Regulation 18B, Crozier, Brian, 124–5 xviii, 75–7 Cuba, xxiii, 97, 105, 107–12, 117–18, Engelbrecht, H.C., 43 128–9, 139, 147, 161, 176 English Nationalist Association, 75 Czechoslovakia, 135–6 Espriella, Ricardo de la, 161 Czinner, Paul, 179 Essen, 9 Estonia, 27, 35, 43 Dachau concentration camp, 9, 27, 48 Evans, Charles, 36 Dahomey (Benin), xx, 122 Ewart-Biggs, Christopher, 143 Daniel, Yuri, 129–30, 139, 141, 187 Dansey, Claude, 105, 185 Fabians, xiii, 30, 59 Danzig, 28 Fallada, Hans, 31–2 Davis, T. Elwood, 37, 43 Farson, Negley, 68 Dawes Plan (1924), 9 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Dawson, Geoffrey, 11 xviii, 97–8 200 Index

Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 19 Greene, Charles (1821–40), Fidrmuc (OSTRO), Paul, xix, 109 xi–xii, 3, 11 Finberg, Herbert, 22 Greene, Charles H. (1865–1942), xii, Fitt, Gerry, 142 1, 4–5 Fleming, Ann, 105 Greene, Edward (1815–91), 3 Fleming, Ian, 36, 105, 110 Greene, Edward (‘Eppy’) Fleming, Peter, 36, 49, 50 (1866–1938), 4, 56 Flossenbürg concentration camp, 140 Greene, Edward (‘Tooter’), 7, 9, 75 Foley, Frank, 69 Greene, Sir (Edward) Walter Ford, Ford Madox, 63, 116 (1842–1920), 3 Francia, Dr José, 136 Greene (Dennys), Elizabeth, xvii, 68, Franco, Francisco, xv–xvi, xxii, 45, 47, 102, 106 57, 64, 69, 84, 156 Greene, Felix (1909–85), xii, 22, 28–9, Free French, 68 40–1, 46, 50, 56–7, 103–4, 112, French Resistance, 125–6, 182 xx, 81–2, 132 Greene, Francis, 45, 105, 126 Fussell, Paul, 104 Greene, Graham, 4, 10–11, 79 and British intelligence, xiv, xvii, Gallo, Max, 157 xix, 7, 41, 66, 68–9, 78–9, 83, Garcia (GARBO), Juan Pujol, 85, 91, 94, 101–8, 111, 115, xix, 109, 111 132–4, 151–2, 168–70, 175 Gedye, G.E.R., 27 and Communism, 10, 12, 25, General Strike (1926), xiii, xiv, 12, 29–30, 32, 89, 96–8, 155 175, 178 and Capitalism, xiv, xxii, 3, 33–5, George V, King of England, 42 43–4, 64, 153–5, 176 German Academy of Arts, 127 family, xi–xii, xvi, 1–2, 65, 68 Gestapo, 73, 81 and German intelligence work, Gibson, Harry, 85 8–9, 16 Gide, André, 36 letters to newspapers and journals, Gilbert, Stuart, 49 84, 92–3, 100, 110–11, 113, Glover, Dorothy, 79 122–5, 127–9, 131, 135–6, Goebbels, Joseph, 27 140–2, 165–6, 184, 186, 187 Golitsyn, Anatoliy, 116 London home (14 North Side), Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 105 xvi, 40, 68 Gordievsky, Oleg, 169 Oxford University, xii, 6, 11, 96 Gorgachev, Mikhail, 168–9 and prostitution, xv, 54–5, 70, 180 Gorer, Geoffrey, 41 and public schools, 34–5 Gorky, Maxim, xiv, 35–6 sub-editor, The Times, xiii, Graham Greene démasqué, xx, 122 12, 15, 19–20 Great Train Robbers, 131 and US relations, xviii, xx, 92–6, Greene (Strachwitz), Barbara, xiv, 106, 119, 126–30, 136, 155 xviii, 37, 56, 74, 75, views of journalism, xviii, xix, 10, 79, 179 19–20, 25, 93–4, 114 Greene, Ben (1901–78), xii, xvii–xviii, Greene, Graham: Works 6–7, 11, 13, 22, 56, 73–7 ‘A Branch of the Service’, 151–2 Greene, Benjamin (1780–1860), A Burnt Out Case, xix, 114–16 xi, 1–2 ‘A Chance for Mr Lever’, 41 Greene, Benjamin Buck (1808–1902), Across the Bridge (film), 86 xi, 2, 3 ‘A Few Pipes’, 184 Index 201

A Gun for Sale, xiv–xv, 2, 23, 42–4, ‘Last Act in Indo-China’, 184 52–5, 174 ‘Last Cards in Indo-China’, 92 ‘A House of Reputation’, 108 ‘London 1940–1941’, 71 ‘Anthony Sant’, 11 ‘London Diary’ (column), 97 ‘A Pride in Bombs’, 68 Lord Rochester’s Monkey, 18 , 116 Loser Takes All, 189 A Sort of Life, xxi, 12, 175 ‘Malaya, The Forgotten War’, 90 ‘At Home’, 67, 68 ‘May We Borrow Your ‘A Visit to Morin’, xix, 114 Husband’, 116 ‘A Weed Among the Flowers’, ‘Men at Work’, xvi, 67 xix, 102 ‘Miss Mitton in Moscow’, 41 Babbling April, 10–11 Monsignor Quixote, xxii, xxiii, 153, ‘Bombing Raid’, 65 155–6, 168 Brighton Rock, xiv–xv, 13, 14–15, 23, ‘Nightmare Republic’, 118 42, 51–5, 62, 65 ‘Nobody to Blame’, xix, 107 British Dramatists, 69 No Man’s Land (film), 85–6 ‘Catholics at War: Extracts from an ‘Notes on the Way’, 67 Indo-China Journal’, 184 Our Man in Havana, xix, 14, 46, 48, ‘Chile: The Dangerous Edge’, 69–70, 97, 107–10, 113, 138, xxi, 143 168, 176 ‘Church Militant’, 99 ‘Prologue to Pilgrimage’, 11 Collected Essays, 133 ‘Reflections on the Character of ‘Congo Journal’, 116 Kim Philby’, 133 ‘Convoy to West Africa’, xvii, ‘Refugees and Victors’, 184 69, 116 ‘Reportage sur l’Indochine’, 91–2 ‘Dear Sanity’, 12 ‘Return to Cuba’, 112 ‘Death in the Cotswolds’, 22 ‘Return to Indo-China’, 92 ‘Domestic War’, 68 Rumour at Nightfall, xiii, xxiii, Doctor Fischer of Geneva, xiv, xxii, 2, 16–20, 22, 45 44, 153–5, 176 ‘Save Me Only From Dullness’, 15 England Made Me, xiv, 2, 3, 23, 30, ‘Security in Room 51’, 117 33–6, 41, 46, 174 ‘Shadow and Sunlight in Cuba’, 129 ‘Fidel: An Impression’, 128 Stamboul Train, xiii, 15, 17, 22–6, Getting to Know the General, xxiii, 43, 63 141, 158–9, 161–2, 167–8, ‘The Basement Room’, 41, 80, 105 170, 190 ‘The Bear Fell Free’, 41 ‘Graham Greene Revisits the The Captain and the Enemy, xxiii, Soupsweet Land’, 133 170–2 ‘Indo-China’, 184 The Comedians, xx, 114, 117–22, In Search of a Character, 69, 116 176, 186 ‘In the Occupied Area. An Oxford , 115 Undergraduate’s Impressions’, The Confidential Agent, xv–xvi, 46–8, 9–10 63–5, 174 It’s a Battlefield, xiii, 4, 10, 12, 23, ‘The Country with Five 28, 29–33, 35, 52, 175 Frontiers’, 159 J’Accuse, xxii, 157 ‘’, xvii, 40, 68 Journey Without Maps, xiv, 37–9, The End of the Affair, xviii, 40, 84, 41, 43 86–90, 155 ‘Kenya As I See It’, 99 ‘The Episode’, 11 202 Index

The Fallen Idol (film), ‘Three Revolutionaries’, 184 41, 80, 85, 105 ‘To Hope Till Hope Creates’, 184 ‘The First Hundred Days’, 67 Travels With My Aunt, xx, 131, ‘The French Peace’, 10 136–9, 141 ‘The General and the Spy’, 184 Ways of Escape, xxii, 26, 30, 33, ‘The Great Spectacular’, 160 89–90, 93–4, 100, 114, 119, The Heart of the Matter, xviii, 2, 23, 122, 144, 148 51, 70, 80, 83–4, 86, 155, 168 Went the Day Well (film), 67 The Honorary Consul, xxi, 60, 141, see also Philby, Kim, My Silent War; 143–8, 176 and To Beg I am Ashamed The Human Factor, xvii, xxii, 14, 70, Greene, Graham C., 126 106, 141, 148–51, 173, 176 Greene, Herbert (1898–1968), xvi, xix, ‘The Jubilee’, 42 3, 34, 46–8, 63, 68–9 ‘The Last Pope’, xviii, 82–3 Greene, Hugh (1910–87), xii, xviii, 24, The Lawless Roads, xv, 13, 18, 26–8, 34–5, 36–7, 48, 53, 56, 57–63, 100–1, 124 65–6, 73, 79–80, 89–90, 109, ‘The Lieutenant Died Last’, 66 134, 182 ‘The Man as Pure as Lucifer’, 94 Greene, John (1810–67), 3 The Man Within, xiii, xxiii, 3, Greene, Lucy Caroline, 36, 115 12–15, 32, 170 Greene, Marion Raymond The Ministry of Fear, xv, xvii–xviii, (1872–1959), 1, 79–80 14, 68, 70–3, 77, 86 Greene, Raymond (1901–82), xii, 8, The Name of Action, xiii, xxiii, 10, 24, 26 15–18, 22, 27 Greene, Vivien, 12, 21, 26 ‘The Nightmare Republic’, xx Greene, William (1824–81), 3 ‘The Novelist and the Cinema’, 184 Greene, Sir William Graham The Other Man, x, xii, 58, 131, 151, (1857–1950), xi, xiv, 3–4, 32, 154, 160 35–7, 46, 68, 73 ‘The Other Side of the Border’, Greene King Company, 3 41, 46 Greenwall, Harry James, 41 The Power and the Glory, xv–xvi, 3, Greenwood, Walter, 29 13, 18, 58, 63, 66 Guatemala, 167, 172 The Quiet American, xviii, 91–5, 119, Guevara, Che, 107, 147, 186 161–2, 166, 176 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 124 ‘The Return of an Gutiérrez, Gustavo, 146 Open Letter’, 97 Guy, Daniel, xxii, 156–8 ‘The Spy’, 133 The Spy’s Bedside Book, 109–10 Haig, Douglas, 44 The Stranger’s Hand, 85–6 Haiti, xx, 8, 97, 114, 117–22, 176 ‘The Strays’, 67 Hallam, Arthur, 45 The Tenth Man, xviii, xix, 81–2, 107 Hamburg, 80 The Third Man (book), 81 Hamburg University, xxi, 139 The Third Man (film), xviii, 80–2, Hammerstein, Oscar, 84 85, 105 Hanighen, F.C.V., 43 ‘The Virtue of Disloyalty’, xxi, Hardy, Thomas, ix 139–40, 145 Harper, Charles George, 12 ‘The Worm Inside the Lotus Harriott, F.X., 165 Blossom’, xx–xxi, 136 Harris, Sir John, 37 Three Plays, 116 Harrow School, 34 Index 203

Harston House, Cambridgeshire, 4, 73 Jews, treatment and representation of, Harz mountains, 85 16, 23, 26, 28, 48, 52–5, 57, 65, Haushofer, Albrecht, 8 67, 73, 141, 180 Haushofer, Karl, 8 John XXIII, Pope, 146 Havana, 107–10 John, Otto, 182 Havel, Václav, 136 Johnson, Lyndon B., 124, 126, 128 Hayward, John, 50 Johnstone, Richard, 12 Heath, Edward, 127 Joyce, James, 10 Heide, Dirk van der, 68 Joyce, William (‘Lord Haw Haw’), 67 Heinemann Publishers, 15, 36 Hess, Rudolph, xii, 8, 69 Kahlo, Frida, 60 Heywood, Max, 129 Kell, Sir Vernon, 46 Hickey, William, 115 Kennedy, Edward, 133 Hickson, Oswald, 75 Kennedy, John F., 97, 111, 123, Higginson, Agnes Shakespeare, 7 147, 159 Hitler, Adolf, xviii, 8, 26, 27, 33, 37, Kenya, xviii, 98–100, 114, 175 49, 50–1, 58, 66, 73, 74–5, KGB (Russian Secret Service), xxii, 79, 127 116, 130, 134, 168–9 Hitler Youth, 29 Khrushchev, Nikita, 111–12, 147, 184 Ho Chi Minh, 91, 94, 126 King, Charles, 37 Hollis, Christopher, 49, 50 King, Mackenzie, 41 Hollis, Roger, 11 King, Martin Luther, 169 Holloway, Stanley, 51 Kingcastle, John, 50 Honegger, Arthur, 23 Kirkpatrick, Jean, 164 Hong Kong, 102 Kissinger, Henry, 86 Howard, Reginald ‘Rex’, 69 Knight, Maxwell, 75 Huebsch, Ben, 67, 181 Knightley, Philip, 116, 168–9 Hugo, Victor, 140 Koffiefontein, 138 Hurd, Douglas, 166 Korda, Alexander, 41, 80, 85, 104–5 Huxley, Aldous, 74, 182 Korda, Michael, 111 Kristallnacht (1938), 28, 53, 73 , xiii–xiv, Kreuger, Ivar, xiv, 30, 33–4, 176 26, 30 Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Indo-China, 90–3, 105, 113, 123 Party), 102 Innes, Michael, 70 Kursk, Battle of, 170 Ireland, xii, 5–8, 142–3 Kurtz, Harald, 75 Irish Free State, xii Kuznetsov, Anatoly, 140–1 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 142 Kyncl, Karel, 136 Isherwood, Christopher, 49, 98, 182 Israel, Six Day War, xx, 132–3 Labedz, Leopold, 129 I Was a Captive of Nazi Germany Lanusse, Alejandro, 143 (film), 66 Laos, 123–4, 126 Lagos, Nigeria, 69 Jackson, Geoffrey, 144 Lancaster, Donald, 105, 115, 185 James, Henry, 35 Lancaster, Osbert, 49 Jameson, Storm, 181 Lane, Margaret, 101–2 Jarrow March (1936), xiv Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de, 91 Japanese Intelligence Service, xvi, 46 Lauwerys, Joseph, 102 Japanese navy and military, 69, 70 Lawrence, D.H., 56, 61 204 Index

League of Nations, 6 Malraux, André, 186 Lechat, Dr Michel, 114 Mankiewicz, Joseph, 184 Leitch, David, 116 Mao Tse-tung, 90, 102–3, 128 Lenin, Vladimir, 36, 102 Maritain, Jacques, 45 Leningrad, 105 Marlowe, Christopher, 52 Leo XIII, Pope, 167 Martelli, George, 49, 51 Leslie, Peter, 35, 43 Martin, Kingsley, 27 Levin, Bernard, 104, 115, 134 Martinez (‘Chuchu’), José de Jésus, Lewes, 13–14 158–9, 161–3, 167–8, 170, 190 Liberia, xiv, 36–9, 68–9, 175 Martyn, Dr John, 69 Liberation Theology, xxi, 58, 136, Marxism, 23–6, 30–1, 33, 57–63, 112, 146–8 114, 120, 146, 164, 166, 168–9 Linowitz, Sol, 160 Maturet, Oscar, 147 Lips, Julius, 49 Matthews, Ronald, 54 Lisbon, 62, 78, 109 Maudling, Reginald, 142 Lloyd, Selwyn, 110 Mau Mau Rebellion, Kenya, xviii, Lloyd George, David, 5, 6, 75 98–100 Lockhart, Robert Bruce, 35 Mauriac, François, 45, 82, 96 London Blitz, xvi–xvii, xviii, 40, 67, Médecin, Jacques, 157 70–1, 86–8, 91, 142 Mendoza, Donato, 165 López, Solano, 136 Meyer, Gordon, 136 Lubbock, Percy, 16 Meyer, Michael, 115 Lubyanka Prison, 35 Mexico, xv, xvi, 40, 49, 56–63, 100, Ludendorff, Erich, xv 112, 168 Luxembourg, xiii, 16 Millay, Edna St Vincent, 11 Lyubimov, Mikhail Petrovich, 135 Milmo, Helenus, 116 Ministry of Information, xvi, 66–7, MI5 (Internal Security Service), xvii, 72, 80 11, 85, 134, 149 Moabit Prison, Berlin, 8, 9 MI6, see Secret Intelligence Mockler, Anthony, 9 Service (SIS) Mola, Emilio, 45–6 MI9, 149 Monrovia, Liberia, 36 MacArthur, John R., 176 Moreland Match Factory, McCarran-Walter Immigration and Gloucestershire, 29–30 Nationality Act, 97, 184 Morgan, Sir Henry, 171 McCarthy, Senator Joe, 96–7 Moro, Aldo, 157 MacDiarmid, Hugh, 102 Morrell, Lady Ottoline, 31 MacDonald, Ramsay, 21, 28, 29 Morris, William, 30 MacDonald, Sheila, 28 Morton, H.V., 66 Mac Gréil, Micheál, 143 Moscow, 41–2, 52, 105, 111, 115, Maclean, Donald, 52, 98, 116–17, 116–17, 135, 148, 168 149, 170 Moscow State University, 169 Macmillan, Harold, 110, 116 Mosley, Oswald, 24, 75 MacNeice, Louis, 49 Moss, Geoffrey, 8 Madrid, 47 Muggeridge, Malcolm, 5, 49, 57, 68, Magloire, Paul, 117 108, 133–4, 149, 181, 182 Mainz, 9 Munich Agreement (1938), 63, 73 Malaya, Emergency Information Murry, John Middleton, 31 Services, xii, xviii, 89–90 Mussolini, Benito, 22, 49, 50 Index 205

Navarre, Henri, 113 Pachman, Ludek, 136 Nazism, xv, xix–xx, 8–9, 27–8, 37, 41, Page, Bruce, 116 48–50, 53, 58, 62–3, 65–6, 67, Paisley, Ian, 142 71–2, 80, 82, 97, 100, 119, 138, Palestine, 57, 65 154, 170 Panama, xxiii, 158–63, 167, Newell, Maria, 185 170–2, 176 Newman, Cardinal John Henry, xv, Paraguay, xx–xxi, 57, 136–9, 57, 124 143–7, 163 Ngo Dinh Diem, 124–5 Paredes, Rubén, 161 Nicaragua, xxiii, 161, 163–6, 169, Parker, Ralph Arthur, 51 172, 176 Paris, 10, 33, 34, 47, 115, 131 Nice Milieu (Mafia), xxii, Pasternak, Boris, 139 132, 156–7 Paul VI, Pope, 1467 Nichol, David, 133 Pax Association, Catholic, 101 Nicholas II, Tsar, 5 Peace and Progressive Information Nichols, Beverley, 10 Service, xvii, 74 Nicolson, Harold, 34 Peace Pledge Union, 74 Night and Day (journal), xiv–xv, 45, PEN (literary network), 130, 187 49–51, 51–3, 56 Peng, Chin, 90 ‘Night of the Long Knives’, 27 Peters, A.D., 66 Nimley, Juah, 37 Peyrefitte, Alain, 157 Nixon, Richard, 123, 126, 140 Philby, Eleanor, 189 NKVD (Russian Secret Police), 69 Philby, H. St John, 73–4 Noriega, Manuel, 159, 161–2, 172 Philby, Kim, xii, xvii, 7, 11, 41, 69, Nottingham (Nottwich), xiv, 11–12, 78–80, 104, 111, 130, 133–4, 23, 40, 43–4, 53–4 141, 148–9, 151–2, 155, Nottingham Journal, 11 168–70, 181, 183, 188 Nuremberg Trials, 82, 116 defection, xix, xxii, 106, 116–17, 134–5 Oates, Titus, 97 My Silent War (Greene’s preface), xx, O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 118 xxii, 133–4, 148 Ocampo, Victoria, 137 Philby, Rufina (Pukhova), 168, 189 Officers’ Emergency Reserve, Piasecki, Boleslaw, 101 xvi, 66 Pick, Frank, 67 Ogorodnikov, Aleksander, 187 Pincher, Chapman, 11 Oka, Captain, 46 Pinochet, Augusto, xxi, 144, 160, Oldfield, Maurice, 94, 106, 117, 134, 165, 169 148, 150–1 Poland, xviii, 6, 28, 101, 105, O’Neill, Moira, 7 166, 175 Orient Express, 23 Political Intelligence Department Ortega, Daniel, 164–6 (PID), xvii, 79, 181 Orwell, George, 5, 29, 45, 66, 80, 82, Political Warfare Executive, 79 85, 142, 173–4 Pol Pot, 155 Osera (monastery), xxiii Portocarrero, René, 128 Ostend, 22–3 Pound, Ezra, 4 Owen, David, 167 Powell, Anthony, 5, 45 Oxford Outlook (journal), 10 Prague, 81, 85, 104, 136, 185 Oxford University, xii, 6, 8, 11, 26, Price, George Cadle, xxiii, 167–8, 176 69, 150 Price, Sandra, 165 206 Index

Priestley, J.B., 24–5, 67, 141 Schutzstaffel (German SS), 9, 85 Primo de Rivera, Muguel, 156 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS and Puerto Rico, 97 MI6), xix, xxii, 26, 33, 35, 41, Pulvertaft, David, 185 47–8, 57, 67–70, 78–9, 94, 101–6, 110–11, 116, 125, Quakers, 6, 73 149, 182 Section V (Counter-espionage), Ravensbrück concentration 68–70, 78–9, 91, 104, 107, camp, 9 109, 134, 148 Read, Herbert, 49, 127 Security Intelligence Middle East Reagan, Ronald, 162–3, 165–6, 172 (SME), 106 Red Brigades, 157 Seferis, George, 139 Reed, Carol, 80–1, 85 Servadio, Gaia, 150 Reid, Josephine, 122 Shakespeare, William, xxi, Reith, John, Baron Reith, 29, 103 139–40, 145 ‘Revolver Republic’, 16 Shakespeare and Company bookshop, Rhineland, 8–10, 22, 27, 175 Paris, 10 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 27, 50–1 Sharrock, Roger, 40, 96, 153 Riding, Alan, 162 Shaw, George Bernard, 59–60 Rivera, José Antonio de, 156 Shcharansky, Anatoly, 187 Rivera, Diego, 60 Sheed, Frank, 56 Rockefeller, Nelson, 140 Sheen, Fulton, 128 Rodgers, Richard, 84 Shelden, Michael, 93, 106–7, 137, Rome, 81 153, 162 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 97, 119 Sherry, Norman, 109–11, 131, 135, Rösel, Dr., 28 139, 152 Rowse, A.L., 141 Shore, Henry, Lord Teignmouth, 12 RHUBARB, Josef (double agent), 70 Sierra Leone, xvii, xx, 2, 38, 40, 51, Ruhr Valley, xiii, xiv, 8, 10, 13, 69–70, 104, 133 16–17, 35 Simon, Lady Shena, 37 Russell, Bertrand, 74, 127 Singapore, 90, 106 Russia, xx, xxii, 6, 13–14, 28, 80, 96, Sinyard, Neil, 113 97, 101, 130, 141 Sinyavsky, Andrei, 129–30, 139, 141 secret services, 35, 78–9, 168–70 Sinn Fein, 6, 7 slavery, 2, 36–7 Sabini, Charles ‘Darby’, 52–3 Smith, Graham, 21 Saigon, 90–1, 96 Smith, Mrs (Hampstead St Albans (SIS Headquarters), xvii, 78, communist), 102 91, 104 Smollett (Smolka), (Hans) Peter, 80 St Kitts, xii, 2, 3, 11 Soldati, Mario, 85 Saklatvala, Shapurji, xiv, 12 Soloveytchik, George, 33 Salamanca University, 155–6 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 139, 141 Salan, Raoul, 113 Somoza, Anastasio, 163, 165, 171–2 Sánchez, Waldemar, 144 South Africa, xxii, 138, 149–51 Sandinista guerrillas, xxiii, 161, Southwell, Robert, xxi, 140 163–4, 169, 171 Spanish Civil War, xv–xvi, 10, 45–8, Sassoon, Siegfried, 74 50, 57, 62–4, 84, 109, 123 Saunders, Amanda, 170 Spellman, Cardinal Francis, 128 Sayers, Dorothy L., 181 Spender, Stephen, 45 Index 207

Spengler, Oswald, 86 Trotsky, Leon, 50, 60 Special Operations Trier, xiii, 9, 15–18 Executive (SOE), 52 Trujillo Molina, President Rafael, Spring, Howard, 66 120, 165 Stalin, Joseph, 42, 50, 101 Tung Tse-Tse, John, 102 Stalinist show trials, 101 Tupamaros guerrillas, 144 Stanley, Henry Morton, 36 Starmer, Sir Charles, 11 Ulster, 142 Stavisky, Alexandre, 33 Unamuno, Miguel de, xxii, 155–6 Steele, Isobel, 66 Uranium 235, 85 Steiner, Rudolph, 72 Uruguay, 137, 144 Stephenson, William (‘Intrepid’), U Thant, 133 105, 185 Steiermark, 114–15 V–1 flying bombs, 40, 54, 86–9 Stevenson, Adlai, 133 Vansittart, Robert, 41, 56 Stockholm, xiv, 34 Vatican, 169 Strachey, John, 24, 68 Vatican Council, Second, 146 Strachwitz, Rudolf von, 75, 79 Venezuela, 167 Stroessner, Alfredo, xx, xxi, 136, 139, Ventura, Esteban, 108 144–8, 160 Versailles, Treaty of, xii, 5, 6, 28, 73 Surkov, Aleksei, 115 Verschoyle, Derek, 67 Sweden, 33–4 Vevey, 154 Switzerland, xxii, 153–4 Vienna, 80–1, 104 Sykes (Seitz), Charley, 22 Vietnam, xviii, xx, 91–5, 105–6, 123–5, 130, 149, 176 Tablet (journal), 57, 155, 166 Vivian, Valentine, 69 Tahiti, 115 Vorster, John, 138 Taiwan, 102 Tallinn, 35, 107 Walston, Catherine, 81, 115, 132, Taylor, John, 105 149, 183, 185 Teeling, William, 49 Walston, Harry, 149 Temple, Shirley, 51 Wandsworth Prison, 29, 42 Tennyson, Arthur Lord, 45 Wareing, Eustace B., 27 Thatcher, Margaret, 165–6, 168 Warsaw, 28, 101 The Patriot (journal), 9 Watts, Cedric, 153 Theroux, Paul, 118 Waugh, Evelyn, 5, 36, 49, 61, 64, 105 Thomson, Brian, 1 Wells, H.G., xiv, 35 Thomson, Mr. (Foreign Office), 37 West, Nigel, 190 Tito, Josip Broz, 185 West, Richard, 161 To Beg I am Ashamed, xv, 54–5 West Indies, xi, 2 Tolstoy, Leo, 72–3, 105 West, Mae, 51 Tonton Macoutes, 117, 121–2 Whale, James, 93 Torres, Camilo, xxi, 146 Wheatley, Dennis, 110 Torrijos Herrera, Omar, xxiii, 158–63, White, Antonia, 49, 79 167–8, 170, 172, 176 Wild, Roland, 41 Torrijos, José Maria, 19, 45 Wilmot, John, Earl of Rochester, 17 Trevelyan, G.M., 10 Wilson, Harold, 131 Trevor-Wilson, Arthur, 91, 105 Wilson, Woodrow, 119 Trollope, Anthony, 59 Wintringham, Tom, 47 208 Index

Woodcock, George, 56 Wyndham, John, 5 Wordsworth, William, 70–1 World War, First, xv, 4–6, Yonda, 114 43–4, 59, 175 World War, Second, xvi, 154 Zaharoff, Sir Basil, 43, 176 Wormwood Scrubs Prison, 28, 29 Zakrevsky, Ignaty, 35 Wright, Peter, 134 Zola, Emile, 131, 140, 157