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REPORTS on RESEARCH PL9800669 6.1 the NA48 114 Annual Report 1996 I REPORTS ON RESEARCH PL9800669 6.1 The NA48 experiment on direct CP violation by A.Chlopik, Z.Guzik, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, M.Szleper and W.WisIicki The NA48 experiment [1] was built and tested on the kaon beam at CERN. It aims to measure the effect of direct violation of the combined CP transformation in two-pion decays of neutral kaons with precision of 0.1 permille. To perform such a measurement beams of the long-lived and short-lived Ks are produced which decay in the common region of phase space. Decays of both kaons into charged and neutral pions are measured simultaneously. The Warsaw group contributed to the electronics of the data acquisition system, to the offline software and took part in the data taking during test runs in June and September 1996. The hardware contribution of the group consisted of design, prototype manufacturing, testing and production supervision of the data acquisition blocks: RIO Fiber Optics Links, Cluster Interconnectors and Clock Fanouts. These elements are described in a separate note of this report. We worked on the following software related issues: (i) reconstruction of data and Monte Carlo in the magnetic spectrometer consisting of four drift chambers, the bending magnet and the trigger hodoscope. Energy and momentum resolution and background sources were carefully studied, (ii) decoding and undecoding of the liquid kryptonium calorimeter data. This part of the equipment is crucial for the measurement of neutral decays, (iii) correlated Monte Carlo to use the same events to simulate KL and K^ decays and thus speed up simulation considerably. (iv) study of the charged decay trigger efficiency. This work is underway in Warsaw and is the MA thesis of a student of Warsaw University. The whole off line software was installed on the local cluster of workstations and data processing is enabled by using exabyte streamers. In 1996, two test runs were performed. The first run in June was mainly devoted to test some elements of the magnetic spectrometer, as e.g. the fourth drift chamber which was missing in 1995. The second run in September was concentrated on testing the liquid krypton calorimeter. This detector was not yet fully equiped. The data were read out from 16-cell clusters and were analysed. About 0.5 TByte of data was taken. [1] The NA48 Collaboration, G.D.Barr et al., CERN/SPSC/90-22, SPSC/P253 6.2 Preparations for the CMS experiment on LHC by M.Gorski, P.Zalewski PL9800670 In the year 1996 the activities concerning the preparations for the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment on the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) accelerator at CERN concentrated on two subjects: 1) Detailed studies of the RPC (Resistive Plate Chamber) prototypes and 2) Construction and tests of the muon trigger electronics prototype. ad 1) The studies of the RPC prototypes concentrated on the chamber behaviour as a function of the applied high voltage and gas mixture composition. We constructed a 20*20 cm prototype using melamine plates and equipped it with 20 1-cm wide readout strips. In the tests two readout schemes were used: readout with a charge ADC and TDC module which was principally used to investigate the signal properties of the streamer mode discharges and readout with a Tektronix digital oscilloscope, where information was digitised with the time interval down to 4 nanoseconds. This second method permitted us to clearly distinguish between streamer and avalanche modes of operation. It was possible to register signals with amplitude as small as about 1 mV. We were able to determine that practically all events contained a small avalanche type pulse, possibly followed later by a streamer discharge. The probability of appearance of the streamer pulse was found to be a decreasing function of the proportion of the freon gas. DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 115 The chamber behaviour was described using the GARFIELD chamber simulation program, while the signal formation on the readout strips was studied with the circuit analysis program SPICE. Good agreement was found between the simulation results and obtained data. ad 2) A prototype of the muon trigger device (PAC - Pattern Comparator) for the CMS was constructed at the Institute of Experimental Physics of Warsaw University in collaboration with the University of Bari. The prototype was built using Altera and Xilinx FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). It incorporates all functional elements of the final design, namely: - input signal synchronisation, - detection of muons and their momentum estimate, - sorting tree to select four highest momentum candidates from among all possible ones. The prototype was first tested in a laboratory using a programmable generator providing up to 32 signals. In October it was tested in Bari with four planes of RPC's using cosmic rays. Instead of momentum, which could not be measured due to the lack of a magnetic field, the muon angle with respect to the vertical direction was used. The prototype performed correctly. In 1997 a specially designed integrated circuit will be produced, which will then replace FPGAs and the final prototype will be constructed and tested. 63 Deuteron charge exchange disintegration byA.Deloff PL9800671 The exclusive reaction 3He(d,pp)3H at 3.9 MeV/c incident momentum has been considered. The model applied assumes a one-pion-exchange mechanism followed by a virtual v+d -* pp process the amplitude of which has been obtained from a one-nucleon-exchange diagram. With the form factors determined from other experiments there are no adjustable parameters in the transition amplitude. The calculated cross sections are found to be in very good agreement with recent Saclay data. 6.4 Color fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions o ne7n by S.Mrowczynski PL9800672 Using kinetic theory, fluctuations in quark-gluon plasma have been studied. When the plasma is in thermodynamic equilibrium the fluctuations are poissonian and consequently small. The situation changes drastically when the non-equilibrium plasma is considered. We have demonstrated that the fluctuations can be very large in such a case. Then they can play a significant role in the system dynamics. We paid particular attention to the color fluctuations in the plasma with strongly anisotropic momentum distribution of partons. Such a plasma is expected to appear at the early stage of heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) or Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Then, the average parton momentum along the beam is much larger than the average transverse momentum. By solving the dispersion equation, we have shown that there are unstable modes in such an anisotropic plasma which exponentially grow in time. The fluctuations, which initiate these modes, have been studied and we have demonstrated that these fluctuations are indeed large and very probable. The physical mechanism responsible for the fluctuation growth has been also discussed. Finally, we have considered how the color fluctuations, which are the characteristic feature of the deconfined phase, can show up in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. 6.5 Deep inelastic muon scattering experiments at CERN by J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, A.Sandacz, M.Szleper, W.Wislicki In 1996 our group was involved in three experiments at CERN concerning deep inelastic muon scattering: NMC, SMC and COMPASS. The New Muon Collaboration (NMC) final results have been published or were accepted for publication. They include high accuracy measurements of nuclear effects for structure functions; A dependence and Q2 dependence of the structure function ratio F^/FJ (with respect to carbon nuclei) [1,2]..
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