Mayda M. VELASCO Northwestern University, Dept. of Physics And

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mayda M. VELASCO Northwestern University, Dept. of Physics And Mayda M. VELASCO Northwestern University, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Phone: Work: +1 847 467 7099 Cell: +1 847 571 3461 E-mail: [email protected] Last Updated: May 2016 Research Interest { High Energy Experimental Elementary Particle Physics: Work toward the understanding of fundamental interactions and its important role in: (a) solving the problem of CP violation in the Universe { Why is there more matter than anti- matter?; (b) explaning how mass is generated { Higgs mechanism and (c) finding the particle nature of Dark-Matter, if any... The required \new" physics phenomena is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). I am an active member of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration already collect- ing data at the LHC, that led to the discovery of the Higgs boson or \God particle" in 2012. Education: • Ph.D. 1995: Northwestern University (NU) Experimental Particle Physics • 1995: Sicily, Italy ERICE: Spin Structure of Nucleon • 1994: Sorento, Italy CERN Summer School • B.S. 1988: University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Physics (Major) and Math (Minor) Rio Piedras Campus Fellowships and Honors: • 2015: NU, The Graduate School (TGS) Dean's Faculty Award for Diversity. • 2008-09: Paid leave of absence sponsored by US Department of Energy (DOE). • 2002-04: Sloan Research Fellow from Sloan Foundation. • 2002-03: Woodrow Wilson Fellow from Mellon Foundation. • 1999: CERN Achievement Award { Post-doctoral. • 1996-98: CERN Fellowship with Experimental Physics Division { Post-doctoral. • 1989-1995: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory(FNAL)/URA Fellow { Doctoral. • 1989: FNAL/URA Fellowship { Summer Intership { undergraduate. • 1984-1988: \Grupo de los 100" in \Ciencias Naturales", UPR { undergraduate. Employment: • 2011 - Present: Full Professor, Northwestern University. • 2014 - Present: Director, COFI:\Instituto de Cosmologia y Fisica de las Americas". • 2005 - 2011: Associate Professor, Northwestern University. • 1999 - 2005: Assistant Professor, Northwestern University. • 1998 - 1999: Scientific Staff: CERN. • 1996 - 1997: Scientific Fellow: CERN. • 1987 - 1988: Tutor Puerto Rico Junior College, Rio Piedras, P.R. Research Related Responsibilities, Service and Scholarly Recognitions: International • Member of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) collaboration (since July 2005). • Inivited to the Fundamental Physics Prize Ceremony for Higgs Discovery involvement at CMS (2013). • Proponent of SAPPHIRE: Small Accelerator for γγ Higgs production using Recirculating Electrons (2012). • Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Advisory Board Member (since 2005). • Member of NA48, NA48-1 and NA48-2 CP-violation in Kaon experiments at CERN since 1996, 2002 and 2003, respectively. • NA48-2 analysis coordinator for semileptonic decays (2003-07). • Co-spokesperson of NA59 experiment at CERN (since 1998). • Internatioanl referee: Denmark, Finland, Greece, India, Switzerland and UK. National • Selected as a High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) member to advice the federal goverment (since 2015). • Served on DOE Comperative Review Panels for researcher in the \Energy Frontier". • Proponent of HFiTT: Higgs Factory in Tevatron Tunnel at Fermi National Lab. (2013). • Co-convener, at the American Physical Society's Division of Particles and Fields long term planning exercise (SNOWMASS) in 2013, for top quark sub-group: Rare decays. • Co-convener for the γγ collider USA working group of American Linear Collider Physics Group (ALCPG) (since 2002). • Co-convener, at SNOWMASS-2001, for group studying γγ colliders. • Co-convener at FNAL of Physics Study Group (2001-02): Case for a brighter proton booster at FNAL. Additional CMS and LHC Responsibilities, Service and Scholarly Recognitions: International • Coordinating the CMS standard model physics group (starting in 2016). • Coordinating the Higgs to Zγ and Dalitz decays γ∗γ ! ``γ effort (since 2012). • Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) Editorial and Conference Committee (2015). • HCAL Internal Review Committee { Readiness for 2015 data taking (2013-14). • Member of more than a dozen different \Analysis Referee Committee" (2010-13). • LHC Wide Minimum Bias and Underlying Event Working Group Member (2010-12). • LHC Wide Higgs Working Group Member (since 2011). • Prompt Feedback Analysis Group co-convener (2010-11). • HCAL Detector Performance Group co-convener (2007-09). • CMS Institutional Board Member (since 2007). • HCAL Institutional Board Member (since 2005). • HCAL calibration co-convener (2006-07). National • LHC Physics Center at FNAL Guest Program Committee Member (2010-16). • CMS/ATLAS Ph.D. Student Career Study Committee Member (2010). • LHC Adviser to CMS Remote Operation Center at FNAL (2008). • US-CMS Institutional Board Member (since 2007). Physics and Astronomy Department Related Responsibilities and Service: • Director of Undergraduate Studies (2014-2015). • Department Executive Committee (2011-14). • Graduate Admissions (many occasions); Current Chair. • Colloquium Committee (2011-13); Chair. • Faculty Search Committee (2011-12 - Chair) Particle Astrophysics Experimental { joint appointment with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Aurora IL. • Faculty Search Committee (2010-2011, 2011-2012) Particle Physics Experimental. • Faculty Search Committee (2006-2007, 2009-2010 Chair) Particle Physics Theory. { joint appointment with Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL. • Upgrade committee for laboratories used in courses (3 years in early 2000's). University Related Responsibilities and Service: • Chair of Executive Committee of the Faculty Appeals Panel (since 2014). • Member of Faculty Tenure Decision Appeal Committee (2014). • Graduate School Diversity Fellowship Committee (multiple occasions). • Diversity Recruting for TGS (multiple occasions): Spelman College, Morehouse Univ., Howard Univ., University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez and Rio Piedras Campuses. • Committee member for inquiry from the Office for Research Integrity (2012). • Panel member to discuss how to succeed as a young faculty. • Panel member to discuss how to succeed in graduate school and beyond (URM related activities, latest in April 2014). • Freshman Adviser for Weinberg College (multiple occasions). Developer of an International Scientific Institute: I am the director and founder of an initiative to create a Physics institute in San Juan, Puerto Rico: \Colegio de Fisica Fundamental e interdicplinaria de las Americas" (COFI, icofi.org) is an independent center to be active in theoretical, computational, and experimental disciplines. Members from the scientific and academic community from Latin America, Europe and the United States gathered in San Juan for four days at the beginning of November of 2014 for the inauguration. Two of the events featured the 2011 Physics Nobel Laureate, Prof. Adam Riess. Progress on the COFI initiative: Newsletter: http://diablo.phys.northwestern.edu/∼mvelasco/COFI NewsLetter Fall 2014.pdf The video link for the public lecture is provided below (I speak around minute 52): video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bdLDRDMEYI Work in Progress and Research Experience: Present: Full Professor, Northwestern University • Participating in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN: − Higgs working group: (a) low and high mass Higgs (H ! Zγ - Brian Pollack thesis), and (b) Higgs Dalitz decays γ∗γ ! 2lγ (Andrey Pozdnyakov thesis) and (c) search for Higgs production in Flavor-Changing-Neutral-Current top decays (Nathaniel Odell thesis). − Top : Flavor-Changing-Neutral-Current in t ! Zq (Steve Won thesis). • Beam instrumentation at CMS: − Beam monitoting and protation working group. My students working mostly with with BPTX, BSC, BCM and FSC. • Higgs Factories: − Developing low cost photon-photon colliders and Higgs Factories to study CP violation in the Higgs sector { SAPPHIRE at CERN and HFiTT at FNAL. • Participating in the R&D oCalorimeters based on RPC technology and silicon: − working on CMS high granularity calorimeters for the high luminosity LHC. − Finished: joined Argonne Nat. Lab. group working on calorimeters for future colliders based on Resistive Pad Chambers and Particle Flow reconstruction techniques, two Ph.D. students involved in this effort. Summer 2005 - Spring 2011: Associate Professor, Northwestern University • Participating in the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN: − Main responsibilities for calibration and reconstruction of the hadron calorimeter data and determining its performance { offline software/Database, calibration system/test beam/special runs/collision data. Special effort on developing tools to remove instrumen- tation effects that could affect jet and missing energy reconstruction. Work summarized in Ref.1-3. − Analysis efforts in low-PT QCD group: (a) dN/dη determination for non-diffractive events and (b) Double parton scattering • Participating in LHC wide working group: − MBUEWG: Minimun Bias and Underlying Event Working Group for tuning MC physics generator (ATLAS, ALICE, CMS and LHCb). − Luminosity: Measurement based on single track events for comparison purposes (ATLAS, ALICE, CMS, LHCb). • CMS-LHC Beam Interface working group: − working on beam instrumentation for CMS using diamond detector, RF-pickup, etc. Upgrade needed, two Ph.D. student involved in this effort. • Participating in the CLIC test facility (CTF3): − focus on instrumentation development: beam loss monitor and pulse length measure- ment with RF-pickup. Nov. 1999 -
Recommended publications
  • REPORTS on RESEARCH PL9800669 6.1 the NA48
    114 Annual Report 1996 I REPORTS ON RESEARCH PL9800669 6.1 The NA48 experiment on direct CP violation by A.Chlopik, Z.Guzik, J.Nassalski, E.Rondio, M.Szleper and W.WisIicki The NA48 experiment [1] was built and tested on the kaon beam at CERN. It aims to measure the effect of direct violation of the combined CP transformation in two-pion decays of neutral kaons with precision of 0.1 permille. To perform such a measurement beams of the long-lived and short-lived Ks are produced which decay in the common region of phase space. Decays of both kaons into charged and neutral pions are measured simultaneously. The Warsaw group contributed to the electronics of the data acquisition system, to the offline software and took part in the data taking during test runs in June and September 1996. The hardware contribution of the group consisted of design, prototype manufacturing, testing and production supervision of the data acquisition blocks: RIO Fiber Optics Links, Cluster Interconnectors and Clock Fanouts. These elements are described in a separate note of this report. We worked on the following software related issues: (i) reconstruction of data and Monte Carlo in the magnetic spectrometer consisting of four drift chambers, the bending magnet and the trigger hodoscope. Energy and momentum resolution and background sources were carefully studied, (ii) decoding and undecoding of the liquid kryptonium calorimeter data. This part of the equipment is crucial for the measurement of neutral decays, (iii) correlated Monte Carlo to use the same events to simulate KL and K^ decays and thus speed up simulation considerably.
    [Show full text]
  • Status in 2020 and Request for Beamtime in 2021 for CERN NA63
    EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH June 2nd 2020 Status in 2020 and request for beamtime in 2021 for CERN NA63 C.F. Nielsen, M.B. Sørensen, A.H. Sørensen and U.I. Uggerhøj Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark T.N. Wistisen and A. Di Piazza Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany R. Holtzapple California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, USA NA63 Abstract In the NA63 experiment of April 2018 reliable data was taken for 40 and 80 GeV electrons and positrons aligned to the h100i axis of a diamond crystal of thickness 1.5 mm, as well as for 40 and 80 GeV electrons on a 1.0 mm thick diamond aligned to the h100i axis. A paper has been submitted to Phys. Rev. D, and has received favourable referee comments. For the 2017 data, a paper has been published in Phys. Rev. Research in 2019, and our experimental findings have inspired another paper published in Phys. Rev. Lett. For the year 2021 we request 2 weeks of beamtime in the SPS H4 to do a measurement of trident production, e− → e−e+e−, in strong crystalline fields. This process is closely related to the production of muon pairs, e− → e−µ+µ−, and single crystals may prove to be an attractive source to obtain muons of high intensity and small emittance, as required for a muon collider. The trident results obtained in 2009, and published in 2010, are strongly at odds with theory (factor 3-4 discrepancy). Since then we have acquired and have been using MIMOSA-26 position-sensitive detectors with a resolution about a factor 40 higher than the drift chambers used in 2009, and now with true multi-hit capability, a significant advantage when looking for trident events.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2001.07837V2 [Hep-Ex] 4 Jul 2020 Scale Funding Will Be Requested at Different Stages Across the Globe
    Brazilian Participation in the Next-Generation Collider Experiments W. L. Aldá Júniora C. A. Bernardesb D. De Jesus Damiãoa M. Donadellic D. E. Martinsd G. Gil da Silveirae;a C. Henself H. Malbouissona A. Massafferrif E. M. da Costaa C. Mora Herreraa I. Nastevad M. Rangeld P. Rebello Telesa T. R. F. P. Tomeib A. Vilela Pereiraa aDepartamento de Física Nuclear e Altas Energias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Núcleo de Computação Científica Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz, 271, 01140-070, Sao Paulo, Brazil cInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, 1371, CEP 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil dUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Caixa Postal 68528, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil eInstituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9550, CEP 91501-970, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, Brazil f Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This proposal concerns the participation of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics community in the next-generation collider experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • From Precision Physics to the Energy Frontier with the Compact Linear Collider
    PERSPECTIVE | FOCUS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0834-8PERSPECTIVE | FOCUS From precision physics to the energy frontier with the Compact Linear Collider Eva Sicking ✉ and Rickard Ström The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed high-luminosity collider that would collide electrons with their antiparticles, positrons, at energies ranging from a few hundred giga-electronvolts to a few tera-electronvolts. By covering a large energy range and by ultimately reaching collision energies in the multi-tera-electronvolts range, scientists at CLIC aim to improve the understanding of nature’s fundamental building blocks and to discover new particles or other physics phenomena. CLIC is an international project hosted by CERN with 75 institutes worldwide participating in the accelerator, detector and physics stud- ies. If commissioned, the first electron–positron collisions at CLIC are expected around 2035, following the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Here we survey the principal merits of CLIC, and examine the opportunities that arise as a result of its design. We argue that CLIC represents an attractive proposition for the next-generation particle col- lider by combining an innovative accelerator technology, a realistic delivery timescale, and a physics programme that is highly complementary to existing accelerators, reaching uncharted territory. he discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider to a lower event rate. These characteristics and the low duty cycle (LHC) in 20121,2 was an important milestone in high-energy of linear colliders make a trigger-less detector readout possible at Tphysics. It completes a puzzle that scientists have been work- CLIC.
    [Show full text]
  • 6.2 Transition Radiation
    Contents I General introduction 9 1Preamble 11 2 Relevant publications 15 3 A first look at the formation length 21 4 Formation length 23 4.1Classicalformationlength..................... 24 4.1.1 A reduced wavelength distance from the electron to the photon ........................... 25 4.1.2 Ignorance of the exact location of emission . ....... 25 4.1.3 ‘Semi-bare’ electron . ................... 26 4.1.4 Field line picture of radiation . ............... 26 4.2Quantumformationlength..................... 28 II Interactions in amorphous targets 31 5 Bremsstrahlung 33 5.1Incoherentbremsstrahlung..................... 33 5.2Genericexperimentalsetup..................... 35 5.2.1 Detectors employed . ................... 35 5.3Expandedexperimentalsetup.................... 39 6 Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect 47 6.1 Formation length and LPM effect.................. 48 6.2 Transition radiation . ....................... 52 6.3 Dielectric suppression - the Ter-Mikaelian effect.......... 54 6.4CERNLPMExperiment...................... 55 6.5Resultsanddiscussion....................... 55 3 4 CONTENTS 6.5.1 Determination of ELPM ................... 56 6.5.2 Suppression and possible compensation . ........ 59 7 Very thin targets 61 7.1Theory................................ 62 7.1.1 Multiple scattering dominated transition radiation . .... 62 7.2MSDTRExperiment........................ 63 7.3Results................................ 64 8 Ternovskii-Shul’ga-Fomin (TSF) effect 67 8.1Theory................................ 67 8.1.1 Logarithmic thickness dependence
    [Show full text]
  • Sub Atomic Particles and Phy 009 Sub Atomic Particles and Developments in Cern Developments in Cern
    1) Mahantesh L Chikkadesai 2) Ramakrishna R Pujari [email protected] [email protected] Mobile no: +919480780580 Mobile no: +917411812551 Phy 009 Sub atomic particles and Phy 009 Sub atomic particles and developments in cern developments in cern Electrical and Electronics Electrical and Electronics KLS’s Vishwanathrao deshpande rural KLS’s Vishwanathrao deshpande rural institute of technology institute of technology Haliyal, Uttar Kannada Haliyal, Uttar Kannada SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN CERN Abstract-This paper reviews past and present cosmic rays. Anderson discovered their existence; developments of sub atomic particles in CERN. It High-energy subato mic particles in the form gives the information of sub atomic particles and of cosmic rays continually rain down on the Earth’s deals with basic concepts of particle physics, atmosphere from outer space. classification and characteristics of them. Sub atomic More-unusual subatomic particles —such as particles also called elementary particle, any of various self-contained units of matter or energy that the positron, the antimatter counterpart of the are the fundamental constituents of all matter. All of electron—have been detected and characterized the known matter in the universe today is made up of in cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth’s elementary particles (quarks and leptons), held atmosphere. together by fundamental forces which are Quarks and electrons are some of the elementary represente d by the exchange of particles known as particles we study at CERN and in other gauge bosons. Standard model is the theory that laboratories. But physicists have found more of describes the role of these fundamental particles and these elementary particles in various experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Compact Linear E E− Collider (CLIC): Physics Potential
    + The Compact Linear e e− Collider (CLIC): Physics Potential Input to the European Particle Physics Strategy Update on behalf of the CLIC and CLICdp Collaborations 18 December 2018 1) Contact person: P. Roloff ∗ †‡ §¶ Editors: R. Franceschini , P. Roloff∗, U. Schnoor∗, A. Wulzer∗ † ‡ ∗ CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy, § Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, ¶ LPTP, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract + The Compact Linear Collider, CLIC, is a proposed e e− collider at the TeV scale whose physics poten- tial ranges from high-precision measurements to extensive direct sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model. This document summarises the physics potential of CLIC, obtained in detailed studies, many based on full simulation of the CLIC detector. CLIC covers one order of magnitude of centre-of-mass energies from 350 GeV to 3 TeV, giving access to large event samples for a variety of SM processes, many of them for the + first time in e e− collisions or for the first time at all. The high collision energy combined with the large + luminosity and clean environment of the e e− collisions enables the measurement of the properties of Stand- ard Model particles, such as the Higgs boson and the top quark, with unparalleled precision. CLIC might also discover indirect effects of very heavy new physics by probing the parameters of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory with an unprecedented level of precision. The direct and indirect reach of CLIC to physics beyond the Standard Model significantly exceeds that of the HL-LHC. This includes new particles detected in challenging non-standard signatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)
    Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Philip Burrows John Adams Institute Oxford University 1 Outline • Introduction • Linear colliders + CLIC • CLIC project status • 5-year R&D programme + technical goals • Applications of CLIC technologies 2 Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Largest, highest-energy particle collider CERN, Geneva 3 CERN accelerator complex 4 CLIC vision • A proposed LINEAR collider of electrons and positrons • Designed to reach VERY high energies in the electron-positron annihilations: 3 TeV = 3 000 000 000 000 eV • Ideal for producing new heavy particles of matter, such as SUSY particles, in clean conditions 5 CLIC vision • A proposed LINEAR collider of electrons and positrons • Designed to reach VERY high energies in the electron-positron annihilations: 3 TeV = 3 000 000 000 000 eV • Ideal for producing new heavy particles of matter, such as SUSY particles, in clean conditions … should they be discovered at LHC! 6 CLIC Layout: 3 TeV Drive Beam Generation Complex Main Beam Generation Complex 7 CLIC energy staging • An energy-staging strategy is being developed: ~ 500 GeV 1.5 TeV 3 TeV (and realistic for implementation) • The start-up energy would allow for a Higgs boson and top-quark factory 8 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics 9 e+e- Higgs boson factory e+e- annihilations: E > 91 + 125 = 216 GeV E ~ 250 GeV E > 91 + 250 = 341 GeV E ~ 500 GeV European PP Strategy (2013) High-priority large-scale scientific activities: LHC + High Lumi-LHC Post-LHC accelerator at CERN International Linear Collider Neutrinos 11 International Linear Collider (ILC) c. 250 GeV / beam 31 km 12 Kitakami Site 13 ILC Kitakami Site: IP region 14 Global Linear Collider Collaboration 15 European PP Strategy (2013) CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high energy frontier machines.
    [Show full text]
  • Future High Energy Frontier Colliders
    Flavor Physics and CP Violation Conference, Victoria BC, 2019 1 Future High Energy Frontier Colliders Vladimir Shiltsev Fermilab, MS312, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA Colliders have been at the forefront of scientific discoveries in high-energy particle physics since the inception of the colliding beams method in the middle of the 20th century. The field of accelerators is very dynamic and many innovative concepts are currently being considered such future facilities as Higgs factories and energy frontier colliders beyond the LHC. Here we briefly overview leading proposals and studies towards the next generation colliders and discuss their major challenges as well as directions of corresponding accelerator R&D programs needed to address their cost and performance risks. I. INTRODUCTION The needs of modern high energy physics (HEP) call for two types of future accelerator facilities - Higgs Factories (HF) and Energy Frontier (EF) colliders. There are four feasible concepts for these machines: linear e+e− colliders, circular e+e− colliders, pp=ep colliders, and muon colliders. They all have limita- tions in energy, luminosities, efficiencies, and costs which in turn depend on five basic underlying ac- celerator technologies: normal-conducting (NC) mag- nets, superconducting (SC) magnets, NC RF, SC RF and plasma. The technologies are at different level of performance and readiness, cost efficiency and re- quired R&D. Comprehensive reviews of colliders can be found in [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Below we overview the Higgs factory implementation options, their accel- FIG. 1: Luminosity of the proposed Higgs factories. erator physics and technology challenges, readiness, cost and power; possible paths towards the highest energies, how to achieve the ultimate energy and per- machines are compared to the LHC which, as an ac- formance, and required R&D; as well as promises, celerator, is 27 km long, is based on 8 T SC magnets, challenges and expectations of new acceleration tech- requires some 150 MW total AC power (out of 200MW niques.
    [Show full text]
  • Nov/Dec 2020
    CERNNovember/December 2020 cerncourier.com COURIERReporting on international high-energy physics WLCOMEE CERN Courier – digital edition ADVANCING Welcome to the digital edition of the November/December 2020 issue of CERN Courier. CAVITY Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities drive accelerators around the world, TECHNOLOGY transferring energy efficiently from high-power radio waves to beams of charged particles. Behind the march to higher SRF-cavity performance is the TESLA Technology Neutrinos for peace Collaboration (p35), which was established in 1990 to advance technology for a linear Feebly interacting particles electron–positron collider. Though the linear collider envisaged by TESLA is yet ALICE’s dark side to be built (p9), its cavity technology is already established at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser at DESY (a cavity string for which graces the cover of this edition) and is being applied at similar broad-user-base facilities in the US and China. Accelerator technology developed for fundamental physics also continues to impact the medical arena. Normal-conducting RF technology developed for the proposed Compact Linear Collider at CERN is now being applied to a first-of-a-kind “FLASH-therapy” facility that uses electrons to destroy deep-seated tumours (p7), while proton beams are being used for novel non-invasive treatments of cardiac arrhythmias (p49). Meanwhile, GANIL’s innovative new SPIRAL2 linac will advance a wide range of applications in nuclear physics (p39). Detector technology also continues to offer unpredictable benefits – a powerful example being the potential for detectors developed to search for sterile neutrinos to replace increasingly outmoded traditional approaches to nuclear nonproliferation (p30).
    [Show full text]
  • Results on Direct CP Violation from NA48 1 Introduction
    Results on Direct CP Violation from NA48 Giles Barr NA48 Collaboration CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1 Introduction A long-standing question in high energy physics has been the origin of the phe- nomenon of CP violation. CP violation was first observed in the decay KL → + − 0 0 π π [1]. Effects have subsequently been found in KL → π π [2], the charge ± ∓ ± ∓ + − asymmetry of KL → e π ν (Ke3) [3] and KL → µ π ν (Kµ3) [4], KL → π π γ [5] and most recently in KL → ππee [6]. All of these effects can be explained by applying a single CP violating effect in the mixing between K0 and K0 which pro- ceeds through the box Feynman diagram and are characterized by the parameter ε. A second form of CP violation with different characteristics can also be in- vestigated in the decay of the neutral K-mesons. The CP =−1 kaon state (the K2) can decay directly into a 2π final state without first mixing into a kaon with CP =+1. This effect, referred to as direct CP violation, may proceed by the pen- guin Feynman diagram, and is characterized by the parameter ε. The measured quantity is the double ratio of the decay widths, which, in the NA48 experiment is equivalent to the double ratio of four event-counts Γ (K → π 0π 0)/ Γ (K → π 0π 0) R ≡ L S + − + − Γ (KL → π π )/ Γ (KS → π π ) N(K → π 0π 0)/ N(K → π 0π 0) = L S (1) + − + − N(KL → π π )/ N(KS → π π ) 1 − 6Re(ε/ε).
    [Show full text]
  • Cerncourier Www
    CERN Courier March 2014 CERN Courier March 2014 60 years of CERN 60 years of CERN Microelectronics at CERN: from infancy to maturity The LAA The LAA programme, proposed by Antonino Zichichi and fi nanced by the Italian government, was launched as a comprehensive R&D project to study new experimental techniques for the next step in hadron-collider physics at multi-tera-electron-volt energies. The project provided a unique opportunity for Europe to take a leading role in advanced technology for high-energy physics. It was open to all physicists and engineers interested in participating. A total of 40 physicists, engineers and technicians were recruited, and more than 80 associates joined the programme. Later in the 1990s, during the operation of LEP for physics, the programme was complemented by the activities overseen by CERN’s Detector R&D Committee. years 1984–1985 Heijne was seconded to the University of Leuven, where the microelectronics research facility had just become the Interuniversity MicroElectronics Centre (IMEC). It soon became apparent that CMOS technology was the way ahead, and the expe- rience with IMEC led to Jarron’s design of the AMPLEX. (Earlier, in 1983, a collaboration between SLAC, Stanford Uni- versity Integrated Circuits Laboratory, the University of Hawaii and Bernard Hyams from CERN had already initiated the design of Two decades of microelectronics at CERN – enabled by the LAA project. In 1988, the AMPLEX multiplexed read-out chip (top left) allowed UA2 to fi t a silicon-pad detector (bottom left) in the 9 mm gap around the beam the “Microplex” – a silicon-microstrip detector read-out chip using pipe (Image credit: C Gößling, TU Dortmund).
    [Show full text]