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EVALUACION DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS Estudio Técnico Importación De Arroz En Granza (Oryza Sativa), De Brasil

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EVALUACION DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS Estudio Técnico Importación De Arroz En Granza (Oryza Sativa), De Brasil Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas EVALUACION DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS Estudio Técnico Importación de arroz en granza (Oryza sativa), de Brasil Este estudio fue realizado para determinar el riesgo cuarentenario para la importación de arroz granza (Oryza sativa ), originario de Brasil. Esta evaluación del riesgo de plagas está acorde con lo determinado en “FAO. 2002. Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas para Plagas Cuarentenarias. Normas Internacionales para Medidas Fitosanitarias. Púb. Nª 11. FAO. Roma”, por lo cual se cumple con la armonización dictada por el Acuerdo Sobre Medidas Sanitarias y Fitosanitarias de la OMC. La evaluación se inicia por solicitud de importación de arroz granza (Oryza sativa), de Brasil Tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional el arroz es uno de los cultivos de mayor importancia por Io que éste cereal representa en la alimentación de la población mundial. En nuestro país el consumo per cápita ha experimentado un incremento significativo, aumentando de 46 kilogramos que se consumían a inicios de los años noventa a 53 kilogramos que actualmente se consumen y este podría sufrir aumentos. En los últimos años Costa Rica ha importado volúmenes importantes de arroz en granza debido a que la producción nacional satisface únicamente entre un 50% y 60% del consumo, lo que obliga a realizar grandes importaciones para llenar el faltante de este producto. La evaluación se inicia por solicitud de importación de arroz granza (Oryza sativa), de Brasil. Se recibe información oficial técnica solicitada a la ONPF de Brasil. (DARP. 2012). Cuadro 1. Area, producción de arroz en Costa Rica. Año 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Area en hectáreas 48.878 55.745 62.411 63.329 66.415 Producción en TM 194.261 221.551 248.046 256.460 264.756 SEPSA 2011 Boletín Estadístico Agropecuario N° 21 Cuadro 1. Lista de plagas asociadas a Oryza sativa presentes en Brasil: Plaga Sigue la vía Plaga Presente en Observaciones reglamentada C.R. Artropodos Aeneolamia contigua Walker NO NO SI Hemiptera: Cercopidae Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) NO NO SI DARP. 2012 Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae Atherigona orientalis Schiner NO NO NO CABI 2007, OIRSA 2000. POR UNA AGRICULTURA MÁS COMPETITIVA Y SOSTENIBLE Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado, MAG • cédula 3-007-521568 •Teléfono: (506) 2549-3400 • www.sfe.go.cr 1 Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas Diptera: Muscidae El arroz es hospedante secundario. Es de comportamiento saprófago. A. orientalis deberá ser vista como vector de enfermedades al hombre, ya que habita desechos, estiércol y materia vegetal en descomposición, medios apropiados para el desarrollo de microorganismos causantes de enfermedades. En la región del OIRSA no se tienen registros de daños, sin embargo, deberá tomarse en cuenta por su comportamiento en otros países que la reportan como plaga de importancia económica. No se incluye en la evaluación. Blissus leucopterus (Say) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Cadra cautella Walker SI NO SI Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Bruchidae Conoderus scalaris (Germar) NO NO NO DARP. 2012 Coleoptera: Elateridae Es plaga del suelo (raíces). No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Conoderus stigmosus (Germar) NO NO NO DARP. 2012 Coleoptera: Elateridae Es plaga del suelo (raíces). No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1866) SI NO SI Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Cucujidae Cryptolestes pusillus Schönherr SI NO SI Coleoptera: Cucujidae Deois flavopicta Stål NO NO NO DARP. 2012, Collado et al 2005 Hemiptera: Cercopidae Es un insecto chupador, tanto en su estado adulto como inmaduro. Su nombre común de salivazo se debe a que en los estados inmaduros (ninfas) excreta un líquido que semeja saliva o espuma, que los protege de la deshidratación y de enemigos naturales. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) NO NO SI Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Crambidae Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos, 1894 NO NO NO Torrusio et al 2012 Orthoptera: Acrididae El arroz es hospedante secundario. No se incluye en la evaluación por no POR UNA AGRICULTURA MÁS COMPETITIVA Y SOSTENIBLE Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado, MAG • cédula 3-007-521568 •Teléfono: (506) 2549-3400 • www.sfe.go.cr 2 Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas seguir la vía. Dinoderus minutus (Fabricius) NO NO NO CABI 2007 Coleoptera: Bostrichidae El arroz es hospedante secundario. Es importante en bambú poscosecha. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana) NO NO ? Coto 2004 Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae De distribución mundial. Puede ser importante en caña de azúcar. Generalmente es una plaga menor. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Ephestia elutella Hübner NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Euetheola humilis (Burmeister) NO NO SI Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Frankliniella rodeos (Moulton, 1933) NO NO NO DARP. 2012 Thysanoptera: Thripidae Plaga de follaje y flores. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Geoica lucifuga (Zehntner) NO NO NO DARP. 2012 Hemiptera: Aphididae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Helodytes foveolatus (Duval) NO NO NO CABI 2007 Coleoptera: Curculionidae Plaga de suelo. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Leptoglossus gonagra (Fabricius) NO NO NO? CABI 2007 Hemiptera: Coreidae Plaga de follaje, flores y frutos pequeños verdes. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) SI NO SI CABI 2007 Psocoptera: Liposcelididae Plaga de distribución mundial (cosmopolita) Lissorhoptrus tibialis (Hustache) NO NO NO DARP. 2012 Coleoptera: Curculionidae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Mythimna latiuscula (Herrich-Schäffer) NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Mythimna unipuncta Haworth NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Neocurtilla hexadactyla (Perty) NO NO SI Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Nymphula indomitalis Berg NO NO NO CABI 2007 Lepidoptera: Crambidae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) NO NO SI POR UNA AGRICULTURA MÁS COMPETITIVA Y SOSTENIBLE Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado, MAG • cédula 3-007-521568 •Teléfono: (506) 2549-3400 • www.sfe.go.cr 3 Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Oebalus ypsilongriseus (De Geer) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Silvanidae Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Silvanidae Oryzophagus oryzae (da Costa Lima) NO NO SI Coleoptera: Curculionidae Parapoynx stagnalis (Zeller 1852) NO NO NO CABI 2007 Lepidoptera: Crambidae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Delphacidae Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) SI NO SI Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Pseudaletia adultera (Schaus) NO NO NO DARP. 2012, SINAVIMO 2010 Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Plaga de trigo principalmente. Esta oruga come principalmente hojas, si bien en ataques severos se puede encontrárselas alimentándose de las aristas del trigo, e inclusive de las glumas y aún en granos; pero este daño no es generalizado. Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Aphididae Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus NO NO SI Hemiptera: Aphididae Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Aphididae Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Bostrichidae Rupela albinella Cramer NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Crambidae Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae Scaptocoris castaneus Perty NO NO NO CABI 2007 Hemiptera: Cydnidae Plaga del suelo. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Schizaphis graminum Rondani NO NO SI Hemiptera: Aphididae Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775) NO NO SI Hemiptera: Aphididae Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) SI NO SI Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky SI NO SI Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) SI NO SI Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae Spodoptera eridania Stoll in Cramer NO NO SI POR UNA AGRICULTURA MÁS COMPETITIVA Y SOSTENIBLE Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado, MAG • cédula 3-007-521568 •Teléfono: (506) 2549-3400 • www.sfe.go.cr 4 Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith NO NO SI Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall, 1913) NO NO NO CABI 2007 Thysanoptera: Thripidae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Tagosodes orizicolus Muir NO NO SI Hemiptera: Delphacidae Tenebroides mauritanicus Linnaeus SI NO SI Coleoptera: Trogossitidae Tetranychus urticae Koch NO NO SI Tetranychidae Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 NO SI SI CABI 2007 Thysanoptera: Thripidae Plaga de follaje. No se incluye en la evaluación por no seguir la vía. Tibraca limbativentris Stål NO NO SI Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) SI NO SI Acaridae Thyanta perditor (Fabricius) NO NO SI Hemiptera:
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