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PORT METRO VANCOUVER | Roberts Bank Terminal 2 29.0 SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND EFFECTS OF CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT This section summarises potential environmental effects, proposed mitigation, residual effects, and cumulative effects in relation to the categories of environmental effects as specified in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA), 2012 section 5 and in the EIS Guidelines part 2, sections 10.1.2, 10.1.3, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3. These summaries are based on findings presented in the detailed biophysical VC effects assessments (Sections 11.0 through 16.0), socio-economic VC effects assessments (Sections 19.0 through 28.0), and Section 32.0 Potential or Established Aboriginal and Treaty Rights and Related Interests. Where applicable, descriptions of change for ICs are also provided. 29.1 CHANGES TO COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN FEDERAL JURISDICTION Appendix 29-A summarises changes that may be caused by the Project to components of the environment within federal jurisdiction as listed in CEAA, 2012 s. 5(1)(a), including: (i) fish and fish habitat as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Fisheries Act; (ii) aquatic species as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Species at Risk Act; and (iii) migratory birds as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994. Appendix 29-A also summarises the mitigation measures, follow-up and related commitments, and the residual environmental effects (including cumulative environmental effects) identified in relation to this category of environmental effects. Thus, Appendix 29-A addresses the requirements in sections 10.1.2, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3 of the EIS Guidelines pertaining to changes to components of the environment within federal jurisdiction. 29.2 CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT THAT WOULD OCCUR ON FEDERAL OR TRANSBOUNDARY LANDS The location of federal and transboundary lands in relation to the Project is shown in Figure 3-8 Federal Lands in Lower Mainland and Southern Gulf Islands. Appendices 29-B and 29-C summarise changes the Project may cause to the environment (for ICs and VCs, respectively) on federal lands or lands outside of British Columbia (including outside of Canada), as well as the mitigation measures, follow-up and related commitments, and the residual environmental effects (including cumulative environmental effects) identified in relation to this category of environmental effects. Page | 29-1 PORT METRO VANCOUVER | Roberts Bank Terminal 2 Thus, Appendices 29-B and 29-C address the requirements in sections 10.1.2, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3 of the EIS Guidelines pertaining to changes to the environment that would occur on federal or transboundary lands. 29.3 CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE DIRECTLY LINKED OR NECESSARILY INCIDENTAL TO FEDERAL DECISIONS Appendices 29-D and 29-E summarise changes the Project may cause to the environment (for ICs and VCs, respectively) that are directly linked or necessarily incidental to federal decisions, as well as the mitigation measures, follow-up and related commitments, and the residual environmental effects (including cumulative environmental effects) identified in relation to this category of environmental effects. Thus, Appendices 29-D and 29-E address the requirements in sections 10.1.2, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3 of the EIS Guidelines pertaining to changes to the environment that are directly linked or necessarily incidental to federal decisions. 29.4 EFFECTS OF CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES Appendix 29-F summarises the effects of changes to the environment on Aboriginal people with respect to: health and socio-economic conditions; physical and cultural heritage; current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes; and any structure, site or thing that is of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance. Appendix 29-F also summarises the mitigation measures, follow-up and related commitments, and the residual environmental effects (including cumulative environmental effects) identified in relation to this category of environmental effects. Thus, Appendix 29-F addresses the requirements in sections 10.1.3, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3 of the EIS Guidelines pertaining to the effects of changes to the environment on Aboriginal peoples. Page | 29-2 PORT METRO VANCOUVER | Roberts Bank Terminal 2 29.5 EFFECTS OF CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE DIRECTLY LINKED OR NECESSARILY INCIDENTAL TO FEDERAL DECISIONS Appendix 29-G summarises the effects of changes to the environment that are directly linked or necessarily incidental to federal decisions with respect to: health and socio-economic conditions; physical and cultural heritage; current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes; and any structure, site or thing that is of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance, other than as they pertain to Aboriginal peoples (considered in Section 29.4 above). Appendix 29-G also summarises the mitigation measures, follow-up and related commitments, and the residual environmental effects (including cumulative environmental effects) identified in relation to this category of environmental effects. Thus, Appendix 29-G addresses the requirements in sections 10.1.3, 11.1.2, and 12.1.3 of the EIS Guidelines pertaining to the effects of changes to the environment that are directly linked or necessarily incidental to federal decisions. Page | 29-3 PORT METRO VANCOUVER | Roberts Bank Terminal 2 30.0 POTENTIAL ACCIDENTS OR MALFUNCTIONS This section identifies and assesses the environmental effects of potential accidents or malfunctions that could occur during the Project’s construction or operation phase and fulfills requirements outlined in EIS Guidelines, part 2, section 10.1.4. The section describes the following: Methods used to identify, characterise, and assess potential accidents and malfunctions; Existing international, federal, provincial, regional, and port-wide measures, and proposed Project-specific measures to reduce the risk and minimise the potential adverse effects of accidents or malfunctions on worker and public safety, and the environment; and Potential marine- and land-based accidents and malfunctions that, despite Project planning and implementation of established and Project-specific prevention measures, could occur during Project construction or operation. Based on the accidents or malfunctions that could occur in relation to the Project, this section also identifies and assesses the potential environmental effects of several plausible worst-case scenarios. The risk of certain types of accidents or malfunctions may increase during inclement or extreme weather conditions (e.g., heavy rain, high winds) or other types of natural events (e.g., seismic activity). The potential effects of natural events on the Project are described in Section 31.0 Effects of the Environment on the Project. 30.1 INFORMATION SOURCES AND TERMINOLOGY Potential Project-related accidents or malfunctions are identified and evaluated based on existing, publicly available information, and the professional experience and judgement of Project team members, including professional engineers, technical experts, naval architects involved in container ship design, and industry stakeholders familiar with existing marine, road, and rail operations in the Roberts Bank area. In addition, with respect to potential vessel-related accidents or malfunctions during Project operation, the assessment refers to a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) commissioned by PMV during Project planning. The QRA, presented in two volumes and appended to this EIS as described below, supports the identification, characterisation and assessment of marine vessel accidents during the Project’s operation phase. The first volume, entitled Marine Vessel Incidence Prediction Inputs to the Quantitative Risk Assessment and prepared by Herbert Engineering Corporation and Environmental Research Consulting (see Appendix 30-A Marine Vessel Incidence Prediction Inputs to the Quantitative Risk Assessment), discusses incidence prediction for marine vessel accidents due to the incremental increase in ship movements and port activities with the Project. It predicts types and probabilities of Page | 30-1 PORT METRO VANCOUVER | Roberts Bank Terminal 2 vessel-related accidents within a study area that encompasses the immediate terminal area (i.e., between the terminal and the vessel traffic lanes, located approximately 5 km from the berth face), where container ships engage in maneuvering, berthing and cargo loading and unloading, referred to as the In-Port area, and in adjacent waters where the increased container ship traffic bound for Roberts Bank will interact with other vessels transiting the area, referred to as the In-Transit area. As described in Section 30.2, the assessment of potential accidents or malfunctions presented in this section of the EIS focuses on the probabilities and consequences of potential incidents in the portion of the In-Port area located within PMV jurisdiction. The second volume of the QRA, entitled Estuarine/Marine Fate of Spill-type Accidents, completed by RPS Applied Science Associates, Inc. (see Appendix 30-B Estuarine/Marine Fate of Spill-type Accidents) and based in part on the findings presented in the first volume, contains a qualitative evaluation of the physical fate and transport of potential spill incidents associated with RBT2 vessel traffic and activities. As described in more detail in Appendix 30-A, the QRA developed vessel accident