Qigong (氣功) E Interculturalidad: Práctica Corporal Y Pensamiento Chino En Barcelona Manuel Alejandro Fuentes Pangtay

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Qigong (氣功) E Interculturalidad: Práctica Corporal Y Pensamiento Chino En Barcelona Manuel Alejandro Fuentes Pangtay ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Doctorado en Traducción y Estudios Interculturales Departamento de Traducción, Interpretación y Estudios de Asia Oriental Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona QIGONG (氣功) E INTERCULTURALIDAD: PRÁCTICA CORPORAL Y PENSAMIENTO CHINO EN BARCELONA Tesis doctoral que presenta: Manuel Alejandro Fuentes Pangtay ____________________ Director: Dr. Seán Golden ____________________ Barcelona, septiembre de 2016 2 QIGONG (氣功) E INTERCULTURALIDAD: PRÁCTICA CORPORAL Y PENSAMIENTO CHINO EN BARCELONA MANUEL ALEJANDRO FUENTES PANGTAY A mi esposa Yosi, con amor y cariño. A mis hijas e hijo Yamani, Tlaoli, Quiahui, Nehuian y Tonemian. A mi madre Estela. 3 4 QIGONG (氣功) E INTERCULTURALIDAD: PRÁCTICA CORPORAL Y PENSAMIENTO CHINO EN BARCELONA MANUEL ALEJANDRO FUENTES PANGTAY Agradecimientos Quiero agradecer al Doctor Sean Golden por su acompañamiento, sus acertados comentarios y en especial por su enorme paciencia y comprensión durante la realización de este trabajo. A mis profesores y compañeros de la maestría y doctorado en la UAB que hicieron de esta una experiencia inolvidable. A Alba, le quedo en deuda y le estoy enormemente agradecido por su apoyo en la impresión y tramites de depósito de la tesis. Un reconocimiento a mis amigos, compañeros y profesores de gongfu, taijiquan y qigong en Barcelona y en Xalapa. En especial estoy enormemente agradecido con mis compañeros del curso de monitores de qigong por compartirme sus experiencias, conocimientos y los placenteros momentos de práctica. A la Universidad Veracruzana y a la Facultad de Antropología les agradezco el respaldo que me brindaron para que pudiera obtener el apoyo del Programa de Mejoramiento para el Profesorado y realizar los estudios de doctorado. De manera especial le quedo enormemente agradecido Estela, mi madre, por iniciarnos en las artes marciales, a mi hija Quiahui e hijo Tonemian por la maravillosa experiencia de crecer juntos en la disciplina del wushu. Finalmente agradezco inmensamente a mi esposa Yosi, por su paciencia, comprensión y apoyo durante la realización de este trabajo. 5 6 QIGONG (氣功) E INTERCULTURALIDAD: PRÁCTICA CORPORAL Y PENSAMIENTO CHINO EN BARCELONA MANUEL ALEJANDRO FUENTES PANGTAY SUMARIO INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................................... 15 1. Tema y motivos de la investigación .......................................................................................... 15 2. Planeamiento de la investigación .............................................................................................. 23 3. Estructura de la tesis ................................................................................................................. 32 CAPÍTULO I ............................................................................................................................................ 35 EL OBJETO DE ESTUDIO .................................................................................................................... 35 1. El qigong ................................................................................................................................... 35 1.1. Definición de qigong ........................................................................................................ 36 1.2. Divisiones del qigong ....................................................................................................... 37 1.2.1. El qigong para la salud ............................................................................................ 38 1.2.2. El qigong para la espiritualidad ............................................................................... 41 1.2.3. El qigong en las artes marciales............................................................................... 41 2. Cuerpo en Oriente y cuerpo en Occidente ................................................................................ 43 2.1. Cuerpo en Oriente ............................................................................................................ 43 2.2. Cuerpo en Occidente ........................................................................................................ 44 2.3. Orientalización de la práctica del qigong ......................................................................... 46 2.4. Los determinantes histórico-sociales y la búsqueda de alternativas ................................. 46 2.5. La New Age y la atracción por lo oriental ........................................................................ 46 2.6. La influencia del cine y la televisión ................................................................................ 48 2.7. La deportivización de qigong ........................................................................................... 49 2.8. Chamanismo ..................................................................................................................... 51 2.9. Neochamanismo ............................................................................................................... 51 CAPÍTULO II ........................................................................................................................................... 53 CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO DEL QIGONG EN OCCIDENTE ........................................................... 53 1. Primeros contactos .................................................................................................................... 53 2. La gimnasia occidental, una adaptación del qigong .................................................................. 54 3. Consideraciones históricas a tomar en cuenta ........................................................................... 54 4. La fiebre del qigong .................................................................................................................. 59 5. El Falungong ............................................................................................................................ 60 6. El qigong como nuevo movimiento religioso ........................................................................... 62 7. El qigong de los movimientos espontáneos .............................................................................. 62 8. De Oriente a Occidente ............................................................................................................. 63 9. El movimiento New Age ........................................................................................................... 64 10. El qigong en occidente ......................................................................................................... 66 11. Budismo zen y las artes marciales en España ....................................................................... 67 12. Daoísmo y qigong en Barcelona ........................................................................................... 68 7 13. Las primeras referencias escritas sobre el qigong en España ............................................... 68 14. La inmigración de los primeros maestros a España .............................................................. 69 15. Los primeros maestros occidentales de artes marciales chinas ............................................. 73 16. La deportivización del qigong .............................................................................................. 75 CAPÍTULO III ......................................................................................................................................... 79 METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................................................... 79 1. La necesidad de entender procesos ........................................................................................... 79 1.1. Tipo de investigación ....................................................................................................... 79 1.2. Tipo de resultados que se pretende obtener ...................................................................... 80 1.3. La obtención de conocimientos ........................................................................................ 82 1.4. El investigador ................................................................................................................. 83 1.5. Momento y situación de puesta en marcha....................................................................... 83 1.6. El material de trabajo ....................................................................................................... 84 2. Etapas del trabajo de campo ...................................................................................................... 85 2.1. La primera etapa: El trabajo exploratorio ......................................................................... 86 2.1.1. El contexto y escenarios de trabajo ........................................................................
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