DOCSLIB.ORG

Pos(QNP2012)032 Anniversary of QCD, “QCD–XL” Th † ∗ [email protected] Speaker

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pos(QNP2012)032 Anniversary of QCD, “QCD–XL” Th † ∗ Yuri@Lpthe.Jussieu.Fr Speaker PoS(QNP2012)032 Concluding remarks Yu.L. Dokshitzer∗† LPTHE, University Paris-VI and CNRS, Paris, France E-mail: [email protected] Some remarks on the 40th anniversary of QCD, “QCD–XL” Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics, April 16-20, 2012 Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, Paris ∗Speaker. †On leave of absence: St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia. c Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence. http://pos.sissa.it/ QCD-XL Yu.L. Dokshitzer 1. Phenomenological Background In the early 1960’s the particle garden has started to turn into jungles. The baryons and mesons known at the time fell into symmetric families of multiplets (octuplets, decuplets) sharing two quantum numbers (spin and parity), but differing in an ordered way in mass, charge, baryon number and strangeness. The mathematical group to fit this complex situation — SU(3), the unitary group of dimension 3 — was proposed independently by Gell-Mann and Ne’eman and named by Gell- Mann “The Eightfold Way”. At the end of one plenary session on strange-particle physics, Gell-Mann strode to the micro- PoS(QNP2012)032 phone: “If the information I’ve heard is really right, then our speculation might have some value, and we should look for the last particles, called, say, Omega-minus” (1962). Ω-baryon was discov- ered in 1964 by a team of physicists from Brookhaven, the University of Rochester and Syracuse University using the 80-inch bubble chamber at Brookhaven’s AGS. The discovery of Omega was the Alpha of the New Times — the first true “Ahaa!” of the Quark Model. (The final — decisive — “Ahaa!” came with the discovery of the 4th quark 10 years later.) 2. Theoretical Background On the theory side, that was a 3D decade: one of Despair, Distrust and Diversions. Back in 1958, Freeman Dyson (the great man who has always argued that “it is better to be wrong than to be vague”) professed that “the correct meson theory will not be found in the next hundred years”. The depth of despair can be gauged by the famous punch-line belonging to Lev Landau: “the Hamiltonian method for strong interactions is dead and must be buried, although of course with deserved honor (1960). This harsh statement resulted from a traumatic experience that followed the discovery of “nullification” of the effective interaction strength in Quantum Electrodynamics (aka “Moscow zero”). In 1954 Abrikosov and Khalatnikov, equipped by Landau’s idea of “leading logarithmic approximation”, have performed the first calculation of the running electric charge and running electron mass in QED and found that the effective interaction strength increases catas- trophically at large momentum scales (small distances) [1]. Landau had a good reason to believe that this phenomenon applies to effective coupling in any Quantum Field Theory (QFT). Actually, the initial calculation contained a wrong sign so that the authors have obtained a “QCD-ish” beta-function! For a couple of weeks Landau and Pomeranchuk enthusiastically discussed with their pupils a beautiful physical picture of charge disappearing when you probe the electron closer and closer to its “core”... The picture has been developed of what we call now asymptotic freedom. The error was found (B. Ioffe and A. Galanin) and the write-up of the paper corrected (before publication). The blow was so hard that Isaak Pomeranchuk undertook a three-year-long profound search (1955-58) which has lead him to conclude that QED-ish behavior of the coupling was a general, seemingly inevitable property of any QFT. Recall that it is the vacuum polarization electron loop in the photon polarization operator that makes the effective charge run with virtuality. As any QFT amplitude, this loop is analytic in the momentum transfer, t = k2. In the crossing channel, the momentum transfer t turns into the annihilation energy (s), and the imaginary part of the loop is proportional to the cross section of 2 QCD-XL Yu.L. Dokshitzer production of the fermion pair. The latter got to be positive (unitarity), and this dictates the sign of the logarithm in the running coupling, thus making the “asymptotically free” behavior look impossible. As a result, the ‘Moscow zero” seemed to be an inevitable direct consequence of causality (analyticity), relativistic crossing and unitarity. Not having much trust in microscopic dynamics, in the late 50’s–60’s theorists undertook a flanking maneuver. The emphasis was put on studying properties of the scattering matrix, as well as on abstracting general structure of a theory of strong interactions that would be able to embed many (an infinite number of) particles — hadrons and hadron resonances. PoS(QNP2012)032 This path has lead to understanding of many a deep features of relativistic dynamics: • Detailed scrutiny of the relativistic scattering theory (Pomeranchuk theorem. Froissart bound), • Exploration of Analytic properties of scattering amplitudes (Dispersion relations), • Crossing as specific feature of relativistic theory, • “Bootstrap” and the birth of String Theory (Veneziano amplitude), • Unitarity and its analytic continuation into crossing channels (Mandelstam), • Growth of the hadron interaction radius with collision energy as a consequence of Unitarity, Causality and Relativity (Gribov). The Gribov–Regge theory of complex angular momenta [2] left the following milestones on the road to understanding hadron interactions at very high energies: • Analytic continuation of partial wave amplitudes onto complex values of the angular mo- mentum, • Singularities of these partial waves drive the high energy behavior of scattering amplitudes in the crossing channel, • “Pomeron” as the leading singularity in the vacuum channel, • Interacting Pomerons as the first example of intrinsic dynamical instability “in the infrared”, • “Scaling regime”, and the breakthrough in the theory of second order phase transitions [3]. 3. QCD — a Lagrangian field theory model in which quark fields are coupled symmetrically to a neutral vector “gluon” field. These are words from the paper “Advantages of the Color Octet Gluon Picture” [4]. Its abstract read: “It is pointed out that there are several advantages in abstracting properties of hadrons and their currents from a Yang–Mills gauge model based on colored quarks and color octet gluons.” Among Fritzsch–Gell-Mann–Leutwyler commandments were: 3 QCD-XL Yu.L. Dokshitzer • The quarks come in three “colors”, but all physical states and interactions are supposed to be singlets with respect to the SU of color. • Thus, we do not accept theories in which quarks are real, observable particles; nor do we allow any scheme in which the color non-singlet degrees of freedom can be excited. • Color is a perfect symmetry. • (We should mention that even if there is a fourth “charmed” quark u0 in addition to the usual u, d and s, there are still three colors and the principal conclusions set forth here are PoS(QNP2012)032 unaffected.) Describing the advantages of having 8 gluons rather than 1, the authors have listed the following reasons: 1. the gluons are now just as fictitious as the quarks 2. hint as to why Nature selects color singlets 3. no mixing between the usual SU3 and the color SU3 groups 4. “the bare coupling constant is zero” (referring to Politzer, Gross & Wilczek 1973 preprints) 5. axial anomaly and the absence of the 9th massless pseudoscalar meson in the chiral limit A number of hints from high energy phenomenology could have been added to the list. Namely, the fact that in high energy hadron interaction processes inelastic breakup dominates over elastic scattering hinted at proton being a loosely bound compound object (constituent quarks). Limited transverse momenta of produced hadrons, rare appearance of large-kt fluctuations, was signaling the weakness of interaction at small relative distances (asymptotic freedom). Practical constancy with energy of total hadron interaction cross sections, Feynman rapidity plateau in the distribution of produced hadrons hinted at vector (spin 1) nature of the mediating field, should one dare to have applied the notion of a mediating elementary particle to strong interactions (gluon). Quote/Unquote If we accept the stronger abstractions like exact asymptotic Bjorken scaling, we may have to assume that the propagation of gluons is somehow modified at high frequencies to give the transverse momentum cutoff. Actually, the authors did not have to accept such a “stronger abstraction”: already at that time it had been understood that the Bjorken scaling scaling could not hold exactly in a QFT with dimensionless coupling constant [5]. Likewise a modification at low frequencies may be necessary so as to confine the quarks and antiquarks permanently inside the hadrons. Very well may be. This remains an open question, after all these years. So, the microscopic dynamics underlying the physics of hadrons was formulated in its entirety and complexity. Thanks to QCD, the QFT has re-established itself as an adequate approach to the multitude of problems of hadrons and their interactions. The 40 years that followed were devoted to applications. 4 QCD-XL Yu.L. Dokshitzer 4. QCD on the move QCD is on the move. But the driving motivations have changed. No-one is interested any longer in “checking” QCD. Now the goal is to learn how to apply it, to precise, to go broader and get deeper. “Bump Hunting” is still an actuality, as it was in pre-QCD epoch. As well as looking for unconventional objects, one looks for unconventional behavior by putting QCD into extreme conditions like HI collisions. Physics of hadrons has never been simple. And will never be. At the same time, an explosive progress in analytic calculations of multi-leg QFT amplitudes and multi-loop corrections in recent PoS(QNP2012)032 years provides reappearing themes, motives, constructs, of striking simplicity. Could it be that the deep structure of the underlying QFT dynamics is actually simpler than one dared to think? Having claimed upper hand in hadron physics 40 years ago, QFT has now a good chance to amuse us with a new breakthrough.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ACDIS Occasional Paper
    ACDIS FFIRS:3 1996 OCCPAP ACDIS Library ACDIS Occasional Paper Collected papers of the Ford Foundation Interdisciplinary Research Seminar on Pathological States ISpring 1996 Research of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign December 1996 This publication is supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation and is produced by the Program m Arms Control Disarmament and International Security at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign The University of Illinois is an equal opportunity/ affirmative action institution ACDIS Publication Senes ACDIS Swords and Ploughshares is the quarterly bulletin of ACDIS and publishes scholarly articles for a general audience The ACDIS Occasional Paper series is the principle publication to circulate the research and analytical results of faculty and students associated with ACDIS Publications of ACDIS are available upon request Published 1996 by ACDIS//ACDIS FFIRS 3 1996 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 359 Armory Building 505 E Armory Ave Champaign IL 61820 Program ßfia Asma O esssrelg KJ aamisawE^ «««fl ^sôÊKïÂîMïnsS Secasnsy Pathological States The Origins, Detection, and Treatment of Dysfunctional Societies Collected Papers of the Ford Foundation Interdisciplinary Research Seminar Spring 1996 Directed by Stephen Philip Cohen and Kathleen Cloud Program m Arms Control Disarmament and International Security University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 359 Armory Building 505 East Armory Avenue Champaign IL 61820 ACDIS Occasional
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian-A(Merican) Bomb: the Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project
    J. Undergrad. Sci. 3: 103-108 (Summer 1996) History of Science The Russian-A(merican) Bomb: The Role of Espionage in the Soviet Atomic Bomb Project MICHAEL I. SCHWARTZ physicists and project coordinators ought to be analyzed so as to achieve an understanding of the project itself, and given the circumstances and problems of the project, just how Introduction successful those scientists could have been. Third and fi- nally, the role that espionage played will be analyzed, in- There was no “Russian” atomic bomb. There only vestigating the various pieces of information handed over was an American one, masterfully discovered by by Soviet spies and its overall usefulness and contribution Soviet spies.”1 to the bomb project. This claim echoes a new theme in Russia regarding Soviet Nuclear Physics—Pre-World War II the Soviet atomic bomb project that has arisen since the democratic revolution of the 1990s. The release of the KGB As aforementioned, Paul Josephson believes that by (Commissariat for State Security) documents regarding the the eve of the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Soviet sci- role that espionage played in the Soviet atomic bomb project entists had the technical capability to embark upon an atom- has raised new questions about one of the most remark- ics weapons program. He cites the significant contributions able and rapid scientific developments in history. Despite made by Soviet physicists to the growing international study both the advanced state of Soviet nuclear physics in the of the nucleus, including the 1932 splitting of the lithium atom years leading up to World War II and reported scientific by proton bombardment,7 Igor Kurchatov’s 1935 discovery achievements of the actual Soviet atomic bomb project, of the isomerism of artificially radioactive atoms, and the strong evidence will be provided that suggests that the So- fact that L.
    [Show full text]
  • Dilution Refrigerator Demagnetization Refrigeration Short History of Temperatures Below 1K
    CRYOGENICS 2 Going below 1 K Welcome to the quantum world! 590B Makariy A. Tanatar History He3 systems Properties of He-3 and He-4 Dilution refrigerator Demagnetization refrigeration Short history of temperatures below 1K 1908 LHe liquefaction by Kamerlingh Onnes 1926 The idea of demagnetization cooling by Debye 1927-31 Realization of demagnetization cooling, <100mK 1945 He-3 liquefaction 1950 The idea of Pomeranchuk refrigerator (cooling by adiabatic solidification of He-3) 1962 The idea of dilution process (Heinz London) with G. R. Clarke, E. Mendoza 1965-66 First dilution refrigerators build in Leiden, Dubna and Manchester reaching 25 mK 1971 Superfluidity of He-3 The kid of the 20th century, parallels space rocket and nuclear studies Similar to space rockets Tsiolkovskiy train generation of low temperatures uses several stages - 4K stage, usually referred to as He bath stage3 or main bath -1K stage, or 1K pot - low temperature unit stage2 The cooling power rapidly decreases with each stage, stages are activated in sequence, functioning of each stage impossible stage1 before full activation of the preceding Important: To reduce cryogen liquid consumption use to a maximum extent cooling power of the first stages Cooling with cryogenic liquids The lighter the better! The lightest is stable He-3 isotope Operation below 4.2 K completely relies on vacuum pumping Pumping oil creates characteristic smell of low-temperature laboratories! Natural He contains 0.000137% of He-3. Thousands of liters of He-3 are used annually in cryogenic applications
    [Show full text]
  • Spinorial Regge Trajectories and Hagedorn-Like Temperatures
    EPJ Web of Conferences will be set by the publisher DOI: will be set by the publisher c Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2016 Spinorial Regge trajectories and Hagedorn-like temperatures Spinorial space-time and preons as an alternative to strings Luis Gonzalez-Mestres1;a 1Megatrend Cosmology Laboratory, John Naisbitt University, Belgrade and Paris Goce Delceva 8, 11070 Novi Beograd, Serbia Abstract. The development of the statistical bootstrap model for hadrons, quarks and nuclear matter occurred during the 1960s and the 1970s in a period of exceptional theo- retical creativity. And if the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons as fundamental particles was then operated, a transition from standard particles to preons and from the standard space-time to a spinorial one may now be necessary, including related pre-Big Bang scenarios. We present here a brief historical analysis of the scientific problematic of the 1960s in Particle Physics and of its evolution until the end of the 1970s, including cos- mological issues. Particular attention is devoted to the exceptional role of Rolf Hagedorn and to the progress of the statisticak boostrap model until the experimental search for the quark-gluon plasma started being considered. In parallel, we simultaneously expose recent results and ideas concerning Particle Physics and in Cosmology, an discuss current open questions. Assuming preons to be constituents of the physical vacuum and the stan- dard particles excitations of this vacuum (the superbradyon hypothesis we introduced in 1995), together with a spinorial space-time (SST), a new kind of Regge trajectories is expected to arise where the angular momentum spacing will be of 1/2 instead of 1.
    [Show full text]
  • APS Announces Winners for 2011
    FACES AND PLACES A w A r ds A selection of 2011 APS prize-winners: (left to right) Yaroslav Derbenev, Gerald Gabrielse and Ian Hinchliffe. (Courtesy Jefferson Lab, Harvard and ATLAS.) APS announces winners for 2011 The American Physical Society (APS) has cooling, and the related neutrino processes and ionization cooling, round-to-flat beam announced its awards for 2011, including and astrophysical phenomena”. transformations, FELs and electron–ion some major prizes in particle physics and The Lars Onsager Prize is another award for colliders.” related fields. theoretical physics, in this case to recognize In nuclear physics the Tom W Bonner With physics at the LHC having started outstanding research in theoretical statistical Prize is to recognize and encourage during 2010, it is appropriate that the physics, including the quantum fluids. The outstanding experimental research in award that recognizes and encourages 2011 award goes to Alexander A Belavin nuclear physics, including the development outstanding achievement in particle of the L D Landau Institute for Theoretical of a method, technique or device that theory – the J J Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Physics, Alexander B Zamolodchikov of significantly contributes in a general way to Particle Physics for 2011– goes to Ian Rutgers University and Alexander M Polyakov nuclear-physics research. Richard F Casten Hinchliffe of the Lawrence Berkeley of Princeton University for their “outstanding of Yale University receives the 2011 prize for National Laboratory (LBNL) and Kenneth contributions to theoretical physics, and “providing critical insight into the evolution Lane of Boston University, together with especially for the remarkable ideas that they of nuclear structure with varying proton and Estia Eichten and Chris Quigg of Fermilab.
    [Show full text]
  • VACUA, VACUUM: the PHYSICS of NOTHING L.B. Okun ABSTRACT
    CERN/TH.7460/94 VACUA, VACUUM: THE PHYSICS OF NOTHING L.B. Okun Theoretical Physics Division, CERN CH - 1211 Geneva23 and ) ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia ABSTRACT The origin and the early history of several ideas concerning p ossible prop er- ties of the vacuum are brie y sketched. The topics include the CP prop erties of the vacuum, the p ossible existence of a mirror world, phase transitions in the early universe, the vacuum domain walls, and the decay of the false vacuum. Presented at the International Conference on: "The History of Original Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics" Erice, Italy, 29 July - 4 August 1994 (Tobe published in the Proceedings of the Conference) ) Permanent address. CERN-TH.7460/94 Octob er 1994 1. Intro duction To think is dicult. This is my p ersonal exp erience. To think ab out nothing is more dicult than ab out something. But this is not the only reason why there exists an old and fruitful tradition of attributing complex prop erties to the vacuum. In this century alone we had such outstanding examples as the ether, the Dirac sea and the non-vanishing vacuum exp ectation values of elds. Sometimes, when using the word \vacuum", physicists do not really mean the vacuum itself, but certain virtual states of particles. For instance, the p olarization of vacuum by a photon is not di erent from any other one-lo op (or many-lo op) Feynman diagram with two (or more than two) external lines. We are dealing here with particles, not with vacuum.
    [Show full text]
  • Lev Landau Was Never to Work Again, He Was Awarded the Nobel Prize Later That Year and His Legacy Lives on to This Day Lev Landau: Physicist and Revolutionary
    A near-fatal accident 40 years ago robbed theoretical physics of one its greatest minds. Although Lev Landau was never to work again, he was awarded the Nobel prize later that year and his legacy lives on to this day Lev Landau: physicist and revolutionary Alexei Kojevnikov LANDAU requires no introduction. He is too well known, al- RCHIVES though not quite as well understood. Several generations A ISUAL of theoretical physicists learned their trade by struggling V through the 10 volumes of his famous Course of Theoretical EGRÈ Physics – known colloquially as Landau and Lifshitz – which S MILIO Landau supervised, although he did not write a single word. AIP E Several dozen physicists – some absolutely first-class – contin- ued to identify themselves as members of the Landau school long after they became scientists in their own right. About a dozen landmark results in physics bear his name. If one were to choose his most important breakthroughs, these would probably be his theory of phase transitions (1937), the theory of superfluidity in liquid helium (1941), the Ginzburg– Landau phenomenological theory of superconductivity (1950) and the Landau “Fermi-liquid” theory (1956). But his fame is Lev Davidovich Landau (1908–1968) was one of the most influential certainly much greater than these concrete results alone might theoretical physicists of the 20th century, winning the 1962 Nobel Prize for suggest – even if one were to include other formulae, such as Physics for his pioneering theories of condensed matter. the Landau diamagnetism of free electrons (1930) or Landau damping in plasmas (1946). Landau’s published papers are so capital, to the middle-class Jewish family of a petroleum en- laconic – consisting mainly of formulae and a few categorical gineer.As a child, Landau was a prodigy and enfant terrible, and statements on what is right and what is wrong, without suf- to some extent he retained childish characteristics well into ficient explanation – that even professional physicists often adult life.
    [Show full text]
  • Pál Nyíri and Joana Breidenbach, University of Oxford
    Volume 20, Number 2 LIVING IN TRUTH: PHYSICS AS A WAY OF LIFE Pál Nyíri and Joana Breidenbach, University of Oxford © 2002 Pal Nyiri and Joana Breidenbach All Rights Reserved The copyright for individual articles in both the print and online version of the Anthropology of East Europe Review is retained by the individual authors. They reserve all rights other than those stated here. Please contact the managing editor for details on contacting these authors. Permission is granted for reproducing these articles for scholarly and classroom use as long as only the cost of reproduction is charged to the students. Commercial reproduction of these articles requires the permission of the authors. What does it mean to live in truth? Putting people today. After the war, nuclear physics in it negatively is easy enough: it means not particular attracted young people around the lying, not hiding, and not dissimulating. – world as not just the key to powerful weapons Milan Kunderai and unlimited energy but also the answer to fundamental questions about the structure of the The figure of the physicist has a particular universe. Until the late sixties, faith in progress fascination for the popular imagination, and the was as strong a driving force in the Soviet Union figure of the Soviet physicist carries as it was in the West, and physics was seen as connotations of James Bond-ian villainy or, for the central means to that end. Here in particular, the more highbrow, a technocratic elite that countless talented young people studied it. Why? benefited from a good education provided by an To begin with, physics had a solid oppressive society.
    [Show full text]
  • Physics in a Mad World
    9281_9789814619288_tp.indd 1 5/8/15 9:35 am May 2, 2013 14:6 BC: 8831 - Probability and Statistical Theory PST˙ws This page intentionally left blank :RUOG6FLHQWLÀF 9281_9789814619288_tp.indd 2 5/8/15 9:35 am Published by :RUOG6FLHQWL¿F3XEOLVKLQJ&R3WH/WG 7RK7XFN/LQN6LQJDSRUH 6$RI¿FH:DUUHQ6WUHHW6XLWH+DFNHQVDFN1- .RI¿FH6KHOWRQ6WUHHW&RYHQW*DUGHQ/RQGRQ:&++( British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data $FDWDORJXHUHFRUGIRUWKLVERRNLVDYDLODEOHIURPWKH%ULWLVK/LEUDU\ 7UDQVODWLRQIURP5XVVLDQE\-DPHV0DQWHLWK &RYHUGHVLJQE\$QQD/RYVN\ PHYSICS IN A MAD WORLD &RS\ULJKWE\:RUOG6FLHQWL¿F3XEOLVKLQJ&R3WH/WG $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG7KLVERRNRUSDUWVWKHUHRIPD\QRWEHUHSURGXFHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJSKRWRFRS\LQJUHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQVWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDO system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. )RUSKRWRFRS\LQJRIPDWHULDOLQWKLVYROXPHSOHDVHSD\DFRS\LQJIHHWKURXJKWKH&RS\ULJKW&OHDUDQFH &HQWHU,QF5RVHZRRG'ULYH'DQYHUV0$6$,QWKLVFDVHSHUPLVVLRQWRSKRWRFRS\ LVQRWUHTXLUHGIURPWKHSXEOLVKHU ,6%1 ,6%1 SEN 3ULQWHGLQ6LQJDSRUH Lakshmi - Physics in a Mad World.indd 1 21/7/2015 11:14:59 AM August 17, 2015 11:16 ws-procs9x6x11pt-9x6 9281-00-TOC page v CONTENTS Preface ix M. Shifman Introduction: Information and Musings 1 M. Shifman Part I. Houtermans Professor Friedrich Houtermans. Works, Life, Fate 91 Victor Frenkel 1. Introduction 93 2. Beginnings 95 3. G¨ottingen 99 4. Berlin 107 5. 1933 119 6. London 125 7. Impressions of Kharkov 129 8. Kharkov: 1935-1937 141 9. Arrests 151 10. Last Months in the USSR (From Charlotte Houtermans’ Diary) 157 11. Descent into the Prisons: 1937-39 172 12. From Desperation to Hope (Continuation of Charlotte Houtermans’ Diary) 180 13. Fighting for Freedom 194 14. Descent into the Prisons: 1939-40 205 15. The Bridge over the River Bug 210 v July 27, 2015 16:53 ws-procs9x6x11pt-9x6 9281-00-TOC page vi vi Contents 16.
    [Show full text]
  • Dmitri Ivanenko
    SCIENCE NEWSLETTER Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 1/2014 HOW TO EDUCATE REAL PHYSICISTS Interview with the Dean of the Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Prof. N.N. Sysoev taken by Andrew Shmarov and Dan Medovnikov for the project Page 42 (page 42.ru) in February 2014. From basic science to engineering In this issue: ndrew Shmarov: What is this new trend — Engineer- Aing at the Faculty of Physics? Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Mos- cow State University is seemingly Scientific News 1 an absolutely academic story. And suddenly, words such as engineer- Awards 10 ing... Is that correct that you run Dissertations 12 mostly R&D, rather than engineer- ing? Conferences 14 Nikolay Sysoev: We do both Scientists of Faculty of R&D and design & development Physics, Lomonosov Moscow (D&D) nowadays. The matter is that State University 16 the situation has been changed both in our country and surely in Face-to-School 19 the World. Previously, we were most- ly engaged in basic research and Dan Medovnikov: When I start- then our results were implemented ed to study Physics as a student at at applied institutions. Now, this Lomonosov Moscow State University, does not work. Therefore, in order to my first thoughts were that I came survive, make money and teach our to the temple of high science, will students not only basic research, but do pure theory, will write a beauti- also applications, innovative devel- ful formula on the blackboard. By opments, we try to give them not contrast, first thing I was forced to only the fundamental knowledge, but work on during the first year — an also engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks
    Johann Rafelski Editor Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN With a Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks – From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN Johann Rafelski Editor Melting Hadrons, Boiling Quarks – From Hagedorn Temperature to Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at CERN With a Tribute to Rolf Hagedorn Editor Johann Rafelski Department of Physics The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA ISBN 978-3-319-17544-7 ISBN 978-3-319-17545-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17545-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015938584 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non- commercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and sources are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Spacetime and Vacuum As Seen from Moscow
    Spacetime and vacuum as seen from Moscow L.B. Okun ITEP, Moscow, 117218, Russia, email: [email protected] Abstract An extended text of the talk given at the conference “2001: A Spacetime Odyssey”, to be published in the Proceedings of the In- augural Conference of the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 21-25 May 2001, M.J. Duff and J.T. Liu eds., World Scientific, Singapore, 2002; and of Historical Lec- ture “Vacuum as seen from Moscow” at the CERN Summer School, 10 August, 2001. Contents: Introduction; Pomeranchuk on vacuum; Landau on parity, P, and combined parity, CP; Search and discovery of K0 π+π− L ; “Mirror world”; Zeldovich and cosmological term; QCD vacuum→ condensates; Sakharov and baryonic asymmetry of the uni- verse, BAU; Kirzhnits and phase transitions; Vacuum domain walls; Monopoles, strings, instantons, and sphalerons; False vacuum; Infla- tion; Brane and Bulk; Acknowledgments; References. 1 Introduction arXiv:hep-ph/0112031v1 3 Dec 2001 This talk presents: a few episodes from the history of ideas on the structure and evolution of vacuum during last 50 years as seen from ITEP; the im- pact on the theory of vacuum by I.Pomeranchuk, L.Landau, Ya.Zeldovich, A.Sakharov, D. Kirzhnits and their disciples; the importance of international exchange of ideas; the crucial role of experiments on P and CP violation; in- terconnection of particle physics and cosmology. 2 Pomeranchuk on vacuum Being a student of Isaak Pomeranchuk I first heard from him in 1950: “The vacuum is filled with the most profound physical content” and “The Book 1 of Physics consists of two volumes: v.1.
    [Show full text]