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Methods, interventions and reflections Methods, interventions and reflections Report from the X Nordic women’s and gender history conference, Bergen, Norway, August 9–12, 2012 eds. ulla manns & fia sundevall makadam förlag Makadam förlag Göteborg · Stockholm www.makadambok.se Report Series of the Swedish Association for Women’s and Gender Historians, no. 1 Sveriges kvinno- och genushistorikers skriftserie, nr 1 (tillgänglig på/available at http://skogh.nu/skriftserie/) Series editors/Huvudredaktörer: Ulla Manns & Fia Sundevall Professor Ulla Manns: Dept. of Gender Studies, School of Culture and Education, Södertörn University, 141 89 Huddinge, Sweden – [email protected] PhD Fia Sundevall: Dept. of Economic History, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden & Centre of Gender Research, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway – [email protected] Kopiering eller annat mångfaldigande kräver förlagets särskilda tillstånd. © författarna och Makadam förlag 2014 Tryck USAB, Stockholm 2014 isbn 978-91-7061-149-0 contents Ulla Manns & Fia Sundevall the importance of conference reports: preface to the x nordic women’s and gender history conference report 9 conference program 12 Keynotes Ida Blom gender history – then, now and in the future 15 Inger Nordal ”the biological turn” – a challenge for gender history 24 Birgitte Possing representing gendered individualities: reflections on the biographical turn 33 panel Anders Ahlbäck only ”masculinities” to offer? 46 methodological feminism and the gender history of men and masculinities Ulla Manns methodological feminism and the history of feminism 51 session papers Anders Ahlbäck between independence and belonging: on the paradoxes of modern military masculinity 57 Eve Annuk feminist discourse at the end of the 19th century in estonia 65 Karin Carlsson hemvårdarinnor, pigor och hembiträden 74 att välja forsKningsfoKus igår och idag Christina Florin & Kirsti Niskanen minne, tystnader och maKt i aKademisKa livsberättelser 83 Jakob Winther Forsbäck the chair of women’s history at the university of gothenburg 1984–1995 92 the paradoxes of feminist historiography, gender theory, and gender equality worK at swedish universities Anne Hedén svensK finlandsaKtivism, militarism och moderniserings strävanden i två svensKa stridsberättelser från finland 1918 102 Agneta Järnankar ett nytt sKolämne och en ny profession formeras 111 Ulla Manns feminismens pantheon: KolleKtivt minne, identitet och föreställd gemensKap 122 Sari Nauman gender, power and the oath 132 the early modern state and the oaths of allegiance Jytte Nielsen Kvindesag og Kvindepolitik 139 elna munchs og landsforbundets rolle og eftermæle i den dansKe Kvindebevægelse 1905–1918 Johanna Overud talKing to mrs. housewife 149 the 1960s debates on the integration of married women into the swedish labour marKet Birgitte Possing in search of the Keys to a biogra phi cal analysis of bodil Koch (1903–72) 157 reflections on the maKing of a portrait of a controversial danish minister Fia Sundevall där pojKar blev män? 164 masKulinitet och mognad i minnesberättelser om svens K värnpliKtsutbildning Liv Helene Willumsen the witch in the north – reality and fiction 173 appendix 183 a: the viii nordic women’s and gender history conference: gender and Knowledge – gendered Knowledge turKu, finland, august 12–14 2005 b: the ix women’s and gender history conference: gender, space and borders, reyKjaviK, august 11–13 2008 7 the importance of conference reports: preface to the x nordic women’s and gender history conference report In a 2009 commentary on gender history, seen through the lens of the Nordic women’s gender and history conferences, professor Inger Elisabeth Haavet highlighted the importance of conference reports: Reading through the reports and programmes of the nine Nordic Women’s and Gender History Conferences is like opening a treasure chest. Women, men, and gender historians with different backgrounds and academic levels present their research projects that are at varying stages. The groups and panels have been assembled to discuss “where we are and where we are going”; international stars on the gender researcher sky have held keynote speeches and provided proposals for a way forward. This treasure chest of titles and contributions allow for a tour of the developments in national and Nordic gender history research. It demonstrates how the conferences have served as a unifying forum to meet, discuss, network and create new research projects. Not least, it shows the importance of the Nordic conferences for the development of a theoretical platform for gender research in the discipline of history.1 1. Inger Elisabeth Haavet (2009): “Nyskapning og fellesskap: kjønnshistoriens historie sett gjennom de nordiske kvinnehistorikermøtene”, Tidsskrift for kjønnsforsk ning, no. 1–2. The quote in original: “Å gå gjennom rapportene og programmene fra de ni nordiske kvinnehistorikermøtene er som å åpne en skattkiste. Her har kvinne-/ manns-/kjønnshistorikere med ulike bakgrunner og på ulike nivåer presentert sine prosjekter i varierende stadier. Her har grupper og paneler vært samlet for å diskutere ‘hvor vi står og hvor vi går’, her har internasjonale stjerner på kjønns-forskerhimme- 9 the importance of conference reports The Nordic Women’s and Gender History Conferences have contributed to the development of the Gender history field of research and have made ex- tended collaborations across borders possible, to the extent that it is now a field of research in itself. As such, it shows the strength and importance of academic and feminist mobilization.2 Yet, there is still much to be investi- gated more thoroughly, as Monica Edgren among others has pointed out.3 Irrespectively of what future analysis will conclude, one thing is sure: the documentation of these Nordic gatherings is important and the publi- cations provide an invaluable asset as primary source material. The Nordic women and gender history research is in continuous development. Among the urgent questions we still need and want to know more about are: the concept of “the Nordic”; the travelling of ideas and theories; the translation and implication of analytical categories (such as gender, sexuality and in- tersectionality); ideas and ideals about a feminist “we”; the relation to and interaction with and within national and transnational frameworks, etcet- era. To once again pick up the tradition of publishing reports from these conferences is therefore of uttermost importance. The X Nordic Women’s and Gender History Conference was held August 9–12, 2012 in Bergen, Norway. The organisers were Professor Inger Elisabeth Haavet and PhD candidate Dunja Blazevic at the History Unit of the Depart- ment of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen. The participants came from all of the Nordic countries as well as the Baltic region, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Attached to this publication are the conference programmes of the two preceding Nordic Women’s and Gender History Conferences: the one held in 2005 in Turku, Finland and the one held in 2008 in Reykjavik, Iceland. Those two conferences are the only ones that did not publish reports. len holdt keynote speeches og gitt forslag til veien videre. Denne skattkisten av titler og innlegg gir anledning til en vandring gjennom utviklingen av den nasjonale og nordiske kjønnshistorieforskningen. Den viser hvordan møtene har fungert som et samlende forum for å møtes, diskutere, bygge nettverk og lage nye forskningspro- sjekter. Ikke minst viser den hvor viktige de nordiske møtene har vært i utviklingen av en teoretisk plattform for kjønnsforskningen i historiefaget.” 2. Haavet (2009). Dunja Blazevic, forthcoming PhD-thesis at the Dept. of His- tory, University of Bergen. 3. Monika Edgren (2010): “Genushistoria och den tvärvetenskapliga genusforsk- ningen”, Scandia, 76: 1. 10 preface to the x nordic women’s and gender history conference report The Nordic gender history gatherings are vivid assemblies across bor- ders. Scandinavian languages together with English have constituted official conference languages. This mix of languages has by some been understood as an advantage and yet another vibrant dimension of the conferences, but by others as a cause of communication problems. Over the years English has become more and more common, not only in the key notes and plenary sessions but also in the workshops. Because of this, we – the editors – de- cided to use English in the title and preface of this report. In the attached conference programs from the two conferences prior to the one in Bergen we have kept the format of original publication: from Bergen and Reykja- vik a mix of languages, and from Turku (where conference information and program was published in Finnish, Swedish and English) we picked the English version. acknowledgments The conference report was originally to be published by the conference organisers but was completed by two of the Swedish participants and pub- lished in the report series of the Swedish Association for Gender Histo- rians: SKOGH (Sveriges kvinno- och genushistoriker). The authors have been responsible for proof readings of their own texts and we would like to thank all of them for their careful work and patience. The printing of the re- port was made possible by generous donations from SKOGH, the Swedish Secretariat for Gender Research (Nationella sekretariatet för genusforsk- ning), Letterstedtska föreningen, and the Department of Gender Studies at Södertörn