Native Peoples and Languages

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Atenomac Chicheyomi? Yolotoy Loaquiomi Olash Polnomanoc LAKE Mt St Helena NISENAN* Mahilkaune MIWOK* Mosotoy Aloquiomi Churuptoy Utsnomanoc Colocachamai Hachitoy Pusuni Sicomne Topayto P A T W I N* Tsubatcemeli Bahnomtara Mayacma Puttoy Siusumne SOUTHERN POMO* Puttato Konhomtara Libayto Tusealamne? Metacachamai Canijolmano (Ilamne) Kabemali W A P P O* Chemoco Gualacomne? Cosomne Yucatchamai Huiluc Ululato Caymus Ochejamne Calupetam Licatiut Chocoime Chucumne C O A S T Petaluma Tolena P L A I N S M I W O K Segloque Napa Malaca Quenemsia Unisumne M I W O K* Alaguali Anizumne Olompali Suisun Guaypem Segloque Huchiun Musupum Ompin Omiomi San -Aguasto Pusuluma isun B Echatamal Pablo Su ay Tauquimne Olema Tamal Bay Carquin Jalalon rak Aguasto Julpun Yatchikumne D es KARKIN Chupcan B a y Guaulen Huchiun BAY Volvon Tamcan Mt Tamalpais Saclan MIWOK Nototomne Huimen Mt Diablo Tatcan DELTA YOKUTS Ssaoam Huchiun NATIVE Ssouyen Cholvon Coybos Yelamu S Jalquin/ a n Irgin Seunen Yulien Josmite PEOPLES Pelnen F Urebure r a (Pitemas) n CHOCHENYO* Aramai c is c AND o Causen Luecha B a y Ssalson Tuibun Taunan LANGUAGES Chiguan Lamchin Alson Asirin Juñas San Francisco RAMAYTUSH Cotegen Puichon SF BAY COSTANOAN and Monterey Bays, Tayssen Socostac Olpen Tamien Mt Hamilton ca. 1700 P TAMYEN Pala Tejey a Oljon Tayssen c Ritocsi i f Partacsi i Mt Umunhum c YOKUTS* Matalan Auxentac Quiroste Chaloctaca Quiroste Valley Sumu Cultural Preserve Chaneche Achistaca Sayanta Pitac Chitactac Chipuctac Cotoni AWASWAS Language Uypi Tomoi MUTSUN = Aptos Group O Cajastac Unljaima ce TAMYEN = Dialect an Ausaima M M U T S U N* o Yelamu = Tribe n t e Calendaruc Orestac r e y Motssum (Each tribe had a well-deﬁned homeland with three to ﬁve permanent B a villages and varied seasonal camps.) y Pagsin = Language still being * spoken or recovered Guacharron Chalon 0 10 20 mi RUMSEN* Ensen 0 10 20 30 km Rumsen CHALON © Bay Nature. Created by M. Roy Cartography based on maps prepared by Tammara Eslenajan Chalon Norton and Randall Milliken for the National Park Service (GGNRA), 2009. Excelen ESSELEN*.

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PDC16-041 Horning St Responses to Comments
645 Horning Street Gas Station, Food, and Storage Project File No. PDC16-041, PD16-027, PT16-037 Mitigated Negative Declaration and Initial Study RESPONSES TO PUBLIC COMMENTS & TEXT CHANGES February 28, 2018 CEQA Lead Agency: City of San Jose Department of Planning, Building and Code Enforcement 200 East Santa Clara Street San Jose, California 95113 Phone: (408) 535-3555 PDC16-041, PD16-027, PT16-037 Public Comments & Text Changes to the IS/MND 645 Horning Street Gas Station, Food, and Storage Project 1 February 2018 SECTION 1 – SUMMARY OF COMMENTS The 645 Horning Street Gas Station, Food, and Storage Project proposes to demolish the six existing buildings, pavement, landscaping, and fencing and construct new commercial buildings. The project proposes a mix of commercial uses at the site, including a convenience store, six fueling stations (12 total fuel dispensers), automatic carwash, drive-through fast-food restaurant, and self-storage facility with three buildings. An Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) which addressed the environmental effects of the project under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) was prepared and circulated to public agencies and the public for review. The Initial Study/MND was circulated from August 24, 2017 to September 14, 2017. The City of San Jose received three comment letters during the public comment period, as summarized in the table that follows: Comment Name Date Received Individual and Organization Comments A Patricia and Sergio Ruiz September 13, 2017 B Amah Mutsun Tribal Band August 28, 2017 Agency Comments C Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) September 14, 2017 SECTION 2 - RESPONSES TO COMMENTS RECEVIED ON THE IS/MND This memo responds to comments on the Initial Study/MND as they relate to the potential environmental impacts of the project under CEQA.
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Ramaytush Ohlone Land Acknowledgment
RECREATION AND PARK COMMISSION City and County of San Francisco Resolution Number _________ Approving the Ramaytush Ohlone Land Acknowledgement and a continued partnership with the Ramaytush Ohlone community. WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that the Ramaytush Ohlone are the original peoples of the San Francisco Peninsula; and WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that the area comprising the City and County of San Francisco was originally inhabited by the Yelamu, an independent tribe of the Ramaytush Ohlone peoples; and WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that the Association of Ramaytush Ohlone has actively worked to research, expand public awareness of, and preserve Ohlone history and culture; and WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that the Ramaytush Ohlone peoples have survived the brutalities of colonialism, enslavement, genocide, discrimination, racism, gender-based violence, theft, forced assimilation, and other atrocities driven by local, federal, and state government; and WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that the Department’s stewardship of 3,400 acres of parks and open spaces was made possible by prior colonization, and that Ramaytush Ohlone peoples are original caretakers of Yelamu have maintained balance with nature for millennia; and WHEREAS, The San Francisco Recreation and Park Commission acknowledges that Ramaytush Ohlone peoples are not a mythical
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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Cara Rachelle Monroe Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Jochim, Chair Professor Lynn Gamble Professor Michael Glassow Adjunct Professor John R. Johnson September 2014 The dissertation of Cara Rachelle Monroe is approved. ____________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble ____________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow ____________________________________________ John R. Johnson ____________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim, Committee Chair September 2014 Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). Copyright © 2014 by Cara Rahelle Monroe iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this dissertation has been an intellectual journey filled with difficulties, but ultimately rewarding in unexpected ways. I am leaving graduate school, albeit later than expected, as a more dedicated and experienced scientist who has adopted a four field anthropological research approach. This was not only the result of the mentorships and the education I received from the University of California-Santa Barbara’s Anthropology department, but also from friends
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Roberto Antonio Together, Chebuunot
M O Guadalupe River Park A U and Gardens r N Inspired r T o y D o I A Park B St. James d ART L Park e SANTA CLARA O C The Ohlone-speaking First People have M o Oakland E lived in what we now call the San Francisco KARKIN DOWNTOWN y R N o Bay Area for thousands of years. The bay I D t CHOCHEYNO I e and surrounding landscape provided ample San Francisco A SAN JOSE N fish, animals and plants for the thriving US community. Both the bay and landscape RAMAYTUSH San Jose TAMIEN 880 Municipal Rose (Tamyen) Garden played a key role in the daily lives of the First People: fish, plants, and animals formed the AWASWAS basis for food, shelter, and clothing. MUTSUN ANCHO Santa Cruz R Cahill Park Monterey US The Ohlone-speaking tribal groups were RUMSIEN Discovery and are master basket weavers. Baskets Meadow 280 CHALON carried everything from water to food Historic Territories of the Happyharvests Hollow and were used for storage, cooking Ohlone (Costanoa) Peoples. Park and Zoo Map based on inofrmation from - A Gathering of Voices: The Native and ceremonial practices. Yet, few baskets American Peoples of Central California, written by Linda Yamane STEVENS CREEK BOULEVARD crafted by the Ohlone-speaking Kelleytribal Park groups remain from life O'Connor Park before the mission period. As Del Monte Park part of a ritual practice, many Historical Buena Vista Park basketsMuseum and other possessions were burned at the time of the owner’s death. Some US surviving baskets are exhibited 280 87 in museums all around the world, including the Oakland BASCOM AVENUE Balermino Residence Museum, the Musée du Quai MERIDIAN AVENUE x (Roberto Adobe) Branly in Paris, and the British Historic Ohlone basket.
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An Overview of Ohlone Culture by Robert Cartier
An Overview of Ohlone Culture By Robert Cartier In the 16th century, (prior to the arrival of the Spaniards), over 10,000 Indians lived in the central California coastal areas between Big Sur and the Golden Gate of San Francisco Bay. This group of Indians consisted of approximately forty different tribelets ranging in size from 100–250 members, and was scattered throughout the various ecological regions of the greater Bay Area (Kroeber, 1953). They did not consider themselves to be a part of a larger tribe, as did well- known Native American groups such as the Hopi, Navaho, or Cheyenne, but instead functioned independently of one another. Each group had a separate, distinctive name and its own leader, territory, and customs. Some tribelets were affiliated with neighbors, but only through common boundaries, inter-tribal marriage, trade, and general linguistic affinities. (Margolin, 1978). When the Spaniards and other explorers arrived, they were amazed at the variety and diversity of the tribes and languages that covered such a small area. In an attempt to classify these Indians into a large, encompassing group, they referred to the Bay Area Indians as "Costenos," meaning "coastal people." The name eventually changed to "Coastanoan" (Margolin, 1978). The Native American Indians of this area were referred to by this name for hundreds of years until descendants chose to call themselves Ohlones (origination uncertain). Utilizing hunting and gathering technology, the Ohlone relied on the relatively substantial supply of natural plant and animal life in the local environment. With the exception of the dog, we know of no plants or animals domesticated by the Ohlone.
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Exhibit a - Part 3
Exhibit A - Part 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASSESSOR’S PARCEL NUMBER 002-354-027-000, 439 SOLEDAD STREET, SALINAS, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 93905 NOVEMBER 2019 PREPARED FOR: R.L. Hastings & Associates, LLC 1765 Carson Road Placerville, CA 95667 PREPARED BY: Historic Resource Associates 2001 Sheffield Drive El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY I. Introduction and Project Description . 1 II. Regulatory and Evaluation Framework . 1 III. Cultural Setting . 3 A. Archaeology . 3 B. Ethnography . 4 C. History . 5 IV. Survey Methods and Field Inventory . 7 V. Significance Statement . 7 VI. Research Results . 7 VII. Recommendations . 7 VIII. Professional Qualifications . 7 IX. References . 8 ATTACHMENTS NWIC Record Search Archaeological Study of 439 Soledad Street, Salinas, CA November 2019 I. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION The archaeological study of 439 Soledad Street, Salinas, Monterey County, California was requested by R. L. Hastings & Associates, LLC in order to comply with the National Environmental Quality Act (NEPA) and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) applying Section 106 regulations, as well as California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City of Salinas regulatory guidelines regarding historic preservation. The project location is identified as Assessor's Parcel Number (APN) 002-354-027, and is depicted on the USGS 7.5' Salinas, California topographic quadrangle map. The project involves the demolition of the existing residence and construction of a new building on the subject parcel. The existing building on the property, built in 1938, was determined to be ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR).
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Chapter 2. Native Languages of West-Central California
Chapter 2. Native Languages of West-Central California This chapter discusses the native language spoken at Spanish contact by people who eventually moved to missions within Costanoan language family territories. No area in North America was more crowded with distinct languages and language families than central California at the time of Spanish contact. In the chapter we will examine the information that leads scholars to conclude the following key points: The local tribes of the San Francisco Peninsula spoke San Francisco Bay Costanoan, the native language of the central and southern San Francisco Bay Area and adjacent coastal and mountain areas. San Francisco Bay Costanoan is one of six languages of the Costanoan language family, along with Karkin, Awaswas, Mutsun, Rumsen, and Chalon. The Costanoan language family is itself a branch of the Utian language family, of which Miwokan is the only other branch. The Miwokan languages are Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok, Bay Miwok, Plains Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok, and Southern Sierra Miwok. Other languages spoken by native people who moved to Franciscan missions within Costanoan language family territories were Patwin (a Wintuan Family language), Delta and Northern Valley Yokuts (Yokutsan family languages), Esselen (a language isolate) and Wappo (a Yukian family language). Below, we will first present a history of the study of the native languages within our maximal study area, with emphasis on the Costanoan languages. In succeeding sections, we will talk about the degree to which Costanoan language variation is clinal or abrupt, the amount of difference among dialects necessary to call them different languages, and the relationship of the Costanoan languages to the Miwokan languages within the Utian Family.
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University of California Santa Cruz NO SOMOS ANIMALES
University of California Santa Cruz NO SOMOS ANIMALES: INDIGENOUS SURVIVAL AND PERSEVERANCE IN 19TH CENTURY SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY with emphases in AMERICAN STUDIES and LATIN AMERICAN & LATINO STUDIES by Martin Adam Rizzo September 2016 The Dissertation of Martin Adam Rizzo is approved: ________________________________ Professor Lisbeth Haas, Chair _________________________________ Professor Amy Lonetree _________________________________ Professor Matthew D. O’Hara ________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright ©by Martin Adam Rizzo 2016 Table of Contents List of Figures iv Abstract vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1: “First were taken the children, and then the parents followed” 24 Chapter 2: “The diverse nations within the mission” 98 Chapter 3: “We are not animals” 165 Chapter 4: Captain Coleto and the Rise of the Yokuts 215 Chapter 5: ”Not finding anything else to appropriate...” 261 Chapter 6: “They won’t try to kill you if they think you’re already dead” 310 Conclusion 370 Appendix A: Indigenous Names 388 Bibliography 398 iii List of Figures 1.1: Indigenous tribal territories 33 1.2: Contemporary satellite view 36 1.3: Total number baptized by tribe 46 1.4: Approximation of Santa Cruz mountain tribal territories 48 1.5: Livestock reported near Mission Santa Cruz 75 1.6: Agricultural yields at Mission Santa Cruz by year 76 1.7: Baptisms by month, through
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Ohlone-Portola Heritage Trail Statement of Significance
State of California Natural Resources Agency Primary# DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # Trinomial CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: __California Historical Landmarks Associated with the Ohlone-Portolá Heritage Trail______ Page __1___ of __36__ B10. Statement of Significance (continued): The following Statement of Significance establishes the common historic context for California Historical Landmarks associated with the October-November 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolá through what is now San Mateo County, as part of a larger expedition through the southern San Francisco Bay region, encountering different Ohlone communities, known as the Ohlone-Portolá Heritage Trail. This context establishes the significance of these landmark sites as California Historical Landmarks for their association with an individual having a profound influence on the history of California, Gaspar de Portolá, and a group having a profound influence on the history of California, the Ohlone people, both associated with the Portolá Expedition Camp at Expedition. This context amends seven California Historical Landmarks, and creates two new California Historical Landmark nominations. The Statement of Significance applies to the following California Historical Landmarks, updating their names and historic contexts. Each meets the requirements of California PRC 5024.1(2) regarding review of state historical landmarks preceding #770, and the criteria necessary for listing as California Historical Landmarks. Because these landmarks indicate sites with no extant
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Ethnohistory and Ethnogeography of the Coast Miwok and Their Neighbors, 1783-1840
ETHNOHISTORY AND ETHNOGEOGRAPHY OF THE COAST MIWOK AND THEIR NEIGHBORS, 1783-1840 by Randall Milliken Technical Paper presented to: National Park Service, Golden Gate NRA Cultural Resources and Museum Management Division Building 101, Fort Mason San Francisco, California Prepared by: Archaeological/Historical Consultants 609 Aileen Street Oakland, California 94609 June 2009 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY This report documents the locations of Spanish-contact period Coast Miwok regional and local communities in lands of present Marin and Sonoma counties, California. Furthermore, it documents previously unavailable information about those Coast Miwok communities as they struggled to survive and reform themselves within the context of the Franciscan missions between 1783 and 1840. Supplementary information is provided about neighboring Southern Pomo-speaking communities to the north during the same time period. The staff of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA) commissioned this study of the early native people of the Marin Peninsula upon recommendation from the report’s author. He had found that he was amassing a large amount of new information about the early Coast Miwoks at Mission Dolores in San Francisco while he was conducting a GGNRA-funded study of the Ramaytush Ohlone-speaking peoples of the San Francisco Peninsula. The original scope of work for this study called for the analysis and synthesis of sources identifying the Coast Miwok tribal communities that inhabited GGNRA parklands in Marin County prior to Spanish colonization. In addition, it asked for the documentation of cultural ties between those earlier native people and the members of the present-day community of Coast Miwok. The geographic area studied here reaches far to the north of GGNRA lands on the Marin Peninsula to encompass all lands inhabited by Coast Miwoks, as well as lands inhabited by Pomos who intermarried with them at Mission San Rafael.
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Disease and Demographic Patterns at Santa Cruz Mission, Alta California
UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title Disease and Demographic Patterns at Santa Cruz Mission, Alta California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xc0q4x0 Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 5(2) ISSN 0191-3557 Author Jackson, Robert H. Publication Date 1983-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology VoL 5, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 33-57 (1983). Disease and Demographic Patterns at Santa Cruz Mission, Alta California ROBERT H. JACKSON HE establishment of Santa Cruz Mission recruitment as related to total mission popula Tin 1791 in northern Alta California intro tion sheds further light on the process of duced a tragic pattern of high mortahty and demographic change. low birth rates to the Indian community living in the region, which led to a dramatic CONTACT POPULATION LEVELS decline in population levels. Epidemics, respir Estimated population sizes are available atory disease, and dysentery exacted a heavy for the indigenous groups around Santa Cruz, mortahty. Missionaries at Santa Cruz baptized the Awaswas and Costanoan/Ohlone. Kroeber 2,321 Indians between 1791 and 1846, but (1925: 464) estimated a population of 1,000 only 557 of these were natal baptisms (i.e., for the Awaswas language group occupying baptisms of children born at the mission), an northern Santa Cruz County south and east to average of 10 births per year (Santa Cruz modem Aptos, and 7,000 Costanoan/Ohlone Baptismal Register). Continual decline in the people in central California. Cook derived mission population forced the missionaries to two calculations from different sources at two recruit gentiles (non-Christian Indians) from points in his career: 1,056 and 1,230 baptisms the coastal mountains north and east of of "local gentiles" at Santa Cruz Mission modern-day Watsonville and ultimately from (Cook 1976: 184; Cook and Borah 1979: the Central Valley in order to maintain a 195).
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Final Report of the Archaeological Recovery Program of a Portion of Prehistoric Site: CA-ALA-479, Union City, California
Final Report on the Burial and Archaeological Data Recovery Program Conducted on a Portion of a Middle Period Ohlone Indian Cemetery, Yuki Kutsuimi Šaatoš Inūxw [Sand Hill Road] Sites: CA-SCL-287 and CA-SMA-263, Stanford University, California (Volume I) Report Prepared for Stanford University Prepared by: Alan Leventhal, Diane DiGiuseppe, Melynda Atwood, David Grant, Susan Morley, Rosemary Cambra, Dr. Les Field, Charlene Nijmeh, Monica V. Arellano, Susanne Rodriguez, Sheila Guzman-Schmidt, Gloria E. Gomez, and Norma Sanchez Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area Ohlone Families Consulting Services With Contributions by Dr. Brian Kemp and Cara Monroe, Department of Anthropology, WSU, Pullman Dr. Eric Bartelink, Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico Jean Geary, Department of Biology, San Jose State University January 2010 Table of Contents Chapter Page No. Table of Contents .................................................................................................................i List of Figures .......................................................................................................................iii List of Maps ........................................................................................................................xiv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................xvii
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