Zauschneria) Canum Cultivars for Floral Traits and Attraction of Beneficials 2

Home , Epilobium canum, Epilobium septentrionale

Applicant Overview 1. Project Title: Evaluating Epilobium (Zauschneria) canum cultivars for floral traits and attraction of beneficials 2. Project total Budget: $19,890 3. Applicant Organization: University of California, Davis 4. Applicant address: 43 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 5. Project location: Davis, CA 6. Principal Investigator(s): Rachel Vannette, David Fujino 7. Project Manager name and contact information (person responsible for all submissions and reporting): Rachel Vannette 8. Cooperating Entities (other organizations involved in this project): University of Davis Arboretum and Environmental Horticulture (California Flora Nursery, supplier)

Executive Summary 1. Project Summary: Please provide a summary of your proposal that briefly identifies the problem and your proposed solution addresses the problem. 200 words or less

A key goal in California horticulture is the marketing and development of robust native plant species and varieties that promote multiple ecosystem services, including supporting native populations of beneficial insects, contributing positive visual appeal, and low water and maintenance. Here, we propose to compare floral characteristics and attraction of beneficial organisms among cultivar types within the genus Epilobium, hereafter Zauschneria. Few plants from this genus are currently propagated and commercially available, despite their promise as robust native plant species. More importantly, this species provides key floral resources for a variety of animals during the late summer and fall. Work proposed here will 1) compare floral traits and 2) beneficial insect and bird attraction across 10 cultivars within Z. canum. Data will be used to examine which floral traits enhance attractiveness to beneficial insects and birds and provide recommendations for varieties based on these replicated observational data. Statistical analysis will examine which floral traits (e.g. display size, color, floral number, corolla size etc) are correlated with attractiveness to particular pollinator or beneficial insect guilds. These data can be used to increase cultivation and marketing of this underused native California species with robust evaluations of their contribution to important ecosystem services.

2. Does this project address one of the five identified research and education priorities of the SHRE? 100 words or less

The current project addresses multiple priorities, including (5): Identify and encourage the use of plants that support native beneficial insects, particularly predators and parasitoids. Researchers and students involved in this work will gather data on floral traits and visitor communities to each plant cultivar type, including: 1) hummingbirds 2) bees (carpenter bees, honey bees) 3) predators (Vespid wasps, ladybugs, etc) 4) parasitoids (wasps etc) and other insect groups. Visitation rates and visitor identity will be noted. This project also addresses

Project Overview 1 priorities (2 and 4), assessing the appropriateness of different cultivars within the genus Zauschneria, a drought-tolerant native to California.

Project Overview 2 Needs and Outcomes In this section, you will identify how your project will address specific needs of the horticulture industry and what results you expect from working on the project. Please state each need and outcome separately to a maximum of four pairs.

Need 1: Use scientifically robust methods to assess which plant cultivars are most attractive to pollinators and other beneficial insects. Previous work on visitation patterns to horticultural plants has relied largely on nonstandardized data collection and extremely few studies differentiate among cultivars, even within extremely variable genera.

Outcome 1: This project will compare a minimum of 10 commercially available Zauschneria cultivars for specified ecosystem services. Specifically, the following traits will be assessed: duration of bloom, floral traits (detailed in need 2, below), visitation rates by birds, pollinators, predators (Vespid wasps) and other insects (parasitoids, etc) during the early fall 2017. A minimum of 3 plant individuals from each cultivar type present within the UC Davis Arboretum will be monitored weekly for bloom and visitation rates and visitor composition assessed at 3 time points through the fall.

Need 2: Identify floral traits attractive to specific groups of beneficial insects and birds. Most previous work compares among plant species from different species or genera, making it difficult to identify specific floral traits drive differential visitation. These data could be used in breeding programs to develop cultivars with enhanced floral attractiveness to pollinators.

Outcome 2: Cultivars within the genus Zauschneria will be compared with respect to floral characteristics, including total floral display, floral color (hue, saturation, intensity of red), corolla length, display size, etc). These data will be compared with visitation rates (outcome 1) above to determine which traits are driving visitation by each visitor group, including pollinators, predators etc. The mean and variance in floral traits will be assessed using a minimum of N=10 flowers per plant and N= 3 plants per cultivar.

Need 3: Promote drought-tolerant California native plant species that provide late-season resources for beneficial insects and birds.

Outcome 3: This project will provide scientifically robust data on which Zauschneria canum cultivars best provide ecosystem and anthropogenic services (e.g. floral display, etc). Data from these trials can be used in targeted promotional or marketing materials to 1) drive horticultural sales of Zauschneria cultivars and 2) assist in outreach to those in the horticultural industry including gardeners and those in landscape design with data on which cultivars promote specific beneficial organisms, ultimately increasing demand while considering supply chain constraints. We will focus on cultivars with positive production criteria.

Need Pairs 3 Main project narrative (6 pages maximum) 1. Introduction

There is a clear need for horticultural plant species and cultivar types that promote wildlife health and related ecosystem services, including supporting populations of pollinators and beneficial organisms. Horticultural plants represent a primary resource for these organisms in urban and suburban landscapes, providing nutrition, shelter and other resources for pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. Promoting the cultivation and sale of plant species and cultivars that support these key goals benefits ecological communities in these human-dominated landscapes. Additional ecosystem services associated with these plantings include improving pest management in suburban landscapes, reducing chemical inputs and conservation of pollinator populations. Despite the potential for these multiple ecosystem services, current horticultural offerings are typically bred for showy displays rather than ample floral resources.

Increasingly, it is recognized that native plants can be used in horticulture to provide multiple positive ecosystem functions. In California, drought-resistant native plant species can provide many benefits including low water use (Hilaire et al., 2008), the provision of resources for native animal species, while also proving attractive and robust to cultivation. However, the propagation and sale of native plants in California in the horticultural industry remains relatively limited and is often restricted to small-scale vendors and nurseries. Improving understanding of the benefits of native plant species and generating scientific data on their attractiveness to wildlife in horticultural plantings could provide the impetus for larger-scale demand for these plant species or cultivars and generate greater sales and marketing potential.

Cultivars within in the genus Zauschneria (Epilobium) are a prime candidate for increased cultivation and marketing. Zauschneria canum is a native California plant species that is robust, attractive, and provides ample resources for pollinators and other beneficial organisms during the late season, when other floral resources are often dwindling. These showy plants frequently produce prolific floral displays and provide ample nectar and pollen resources for pollinators and other beneficial insect populations through the late summer and well into autumn. Current sales and distribution of cultivars within this genus and species are relatively limited, and mainly focus on a few specific cultivars. Previous trials on Zauschneria canum cultivars conducted by Bart O’Brien indicate that many cultivars can be reliably propagated and out planted successfully (O’Brien & Grant 2005, white paper). In this study, recommendations for best cultivars were made by expert assessment of attractiveness and form. However, which cultivar(s) are optimal for pollinator benefit or for attracting parasitoids is currently unknown. Indeed, in the O’Brien trial, those participating in the scoring agreed nearly unanimously on foliage, but had widely varying opinion of which cultivar type had the most attractive flowers.

Cultivars of Zauschneria vary widely in floral form, size and color (Fig 1). Rewards for pollinators, including nectar and pollen, flowering phenology or floral display, may be similarly varied, but have not been previously assessed quantitatively. Understanding which floral traits are attractive to specific pollinator groups and other beneficial insects is a key goal not only in horticulture, but breeding programs and ecology and evolution of plant-pollinator systems. In

Project Narrative 1 other plant species, previous research documents that bee pollinators forage based on floral display or number of flowers (Thomson, 1988); in other cases, the amount of floral reward is correlated with flower size or color, which increase pollinator foraging (Spaethe et al., 2001). For hummingbirds, artificial flower studies indicate that larger floral displays and petal size increase visitation rates (Fenster et al., 2006). However, as floral traits are often correlated and bird response to artificial flowers may not be reflective of response to flowers in natural settings, further work is needed. In addition, floral traits that attract non-pollinating organisms, including predatory insects and parasitoids are poorly understood (Gómez & Zamora, 2006).

Table 1. Cultivar names of Epilobium (Zauschneria) either present in the UC Davis arboretum, where # of stars (***) indicates cultivar abundance, 2. Statement of goals and or if the cultivar is currently being propogated by California Flora Nursery. objectives and their Cultivar name UC Davis Arboretum Cal Flora Nursery relevance to the purpose of Album * the endowment Bowman's Best **

Brilliant smith * Goals: Carman's Gray * 1. Quantify floral traits Catalina *** + among Zauschneria Chaparral silver ** + cultivars Cloverdale + Relevance to the Dublin * endowment: Data on El Tigre *** + floral traits across cultivar Epilobium canum ssp. canum *** types will enhance the Epilobium septentrionale * potential for assessment Everett's Choice ** + of cultivars for pollinator Hurricane point ** benefit, and as targets for John Bixby + breeding programs to Marin's pink + improve horticultural Mark West ** varieties. Schieffelin's choice + Sierra Salmon ** 2. Assess visitation rate and ssp. Latifolium Arizona *** community composition Summer snow + of floral visitors through U.C. Hybrid *** the flowering period Wayne's silver * among cultivars Relevance to the endowment: One key goal of the SHRE is to improve the promotion and use of horticultural plants that attract and provide resources for beneficial organisms. In this survey, we will directly quantify and compare relative pollinator attraction among cultivar types.

3. Identify floral traits attractive to specific groups of beneficial insects and birds. Relevance to the endowment: Data on floral traits that are directly linked to pollinator attraction can directly enhance the potential for assessment of cultivars or other plant

Project Narrative 2 species for pollinator benefit, and as targets for breeding programs to improve the benefit of horticultural plants for pollinators.

4. Promote drought-tolerant California native plant species that provide late-season resources for beneficial insects and birds. Relevance to the endowment: A key stated objective of the SHRE is to improve use of drought tolerant and/or native California plants in horticulture. Our work on Zauschneria will result in peer-reviewed publications (see PI’s CV) and a white paper or popular article, which will increase visibility of cultivars in this genus and may stimulate demand for this plant species and underutilized cultivars. In addition, we will make published (scientifically collected) data our publicly available on which cultivars are most attractive and which traits underlie differential attraction. These data can be used in future marketing materials or other activities to increase demand and production in the supply and delivery chain.

3. Outline of the proposed research and/or education project

Our proposed project will take two parts, as we detail in depth below and involve both research and education. First, we will assess plant traits and floral visitation across 10 cultivars of Zauschneria canum on the campus of the University of California, Davis. These plant cultivars have been established and maintained by the Arboretum staff and currently offer large floral displays each fall. Currently established cultivars are not grown in a consistent environment and vary in their surroundings, including surrounding floral density, plant diversity and proximity to roads and buildings. To augment this survey, we will also establish two Figure 1. Map of Epilobium cultivars present in the common gardens where floral UC Davis Arboretum and representative plants traits and pollinator visitation can from 3 cultivars photographed during peak be assessed in a common flowering in 2016 environment. At each garden, each of 10 cultivars will be planted and maintained for assessment in 2018. Because newly

Project Narrative 3 established plants will not be large enough to conduct observations in year 1, common garden plants will be used in assessments in later years.

Part 1: Assessment of plant traits and floral visitation using established cultivars

We propose to sample currently established Zauschneria canum plants within the UC Davis arboretum (Figure 1). In the late summer 2017, 3 representative plants of each focal cultivar will be tagged and GPS located (plants indicated on the map do not always survive year to year or may move main location slightly). Chosen plants will be monitored weekly for the presence and the number of flowers produced per plants. To visually estimate evidence of floral visitation, 10 open flowers per plant and will be chosen and features indicating visitation will be noted, including the presence of pollen on the stigma and evidence of a slit in the corolla (made by carpenter bees).

Table 2. Traits of Zauschneria canum cultivars to be assessed in the proposed study Goal # Plant trait Description Frequency Flowering phenology presence of flowers weekly Corolla size length and width 3x Floral color standardized photos 1x Floral density # of flowers/plant weekly 1 Nectar volume volume per flower 3x Nectar quality sugar content (brix) 3x Microbial load culturable microbes, including plant pathogens 3x Plant height maximum height 3x Plant diameter maximum diameter 3x Visitation rate Flowers visited/5 min by each organism 3x 2 Visitor community Family or genus-level of each visitor 3x * all traits will be assessed on 3 plants per cultivar type

For 3 weeks during September and October, typically peak flowering for most cultivars, students from an undergraduate class (ABI 50A), taught by PI Vannette, will assist with the Zauschneria survey. The goal of this large (~100 students) undergraduate class is to examine plant-pollinator interactions, learn about plant biology, and conduct research using this plant system. A prominent activity of this lab-based class will be teaching students techniques to quantify floral traits (Table 1) and monitor floral visitation by pollinators and other floral visitors. During lab periods from September-November, student groups will monitor plant size and floral density, quantify floral traits, and assess evidence of floral visitation on flowers by conduct observations of floral visitation for 5 minutes per plant and laboratory. Students will quantify visitation by organisms including: 1) hummingbirds 2) bees (carpenter bees, honey bees) 3) predators (Vespid wasps, ladybugs, etc) 4) parasitoids (wasps etc) and other insect groups. Students take a subset of flowers back to the lab for measurements of corolla dimensions, and quantifying indirect measures of pollinator visitation, including the number of pollen tetrads on floral stigmas, and nectar extraction from each flower. Student groups enter

Project Narrative 4 data into a shared document and the instructor (Vannette) and course TA will curate data collection and data entry both in the field and in the lab.

Floral nectar extracted by each student group will be saved and assess using a refractometer and HPLC to determine the relative proportion of sugars contained in floral nectar as a metric of nectar reward quality for pollinators. To examine if cultivars differ in the plant or pollinator pathogens (Vannette et al., 2013; McArt et al., 2014), a subset of nectar will also be plated and microbial load quantified.

As part of the educational component of this project, student groups in the class taught by Vannette will also engage in student-initiated research projects using Zauschneria canum cultivars. These may include (for example) examining the relationships among floral traits and visitation by a particular pollinator or parasitoid, or conducting additional experiments to assess the effect of watering on Zauschneria floral traits and pollinator visitation. Students will gain an appreciation for the value of horticultural plants in the conservation of pollinators and other beneficial organisms, and understand how floral traits may determine the community of organisms that associate with plants.

In class and following the conclusion of the class, we will calculate trait averages and variance for each floral trait for each cultivar type. Trait data will be regressed against visitation data for each cultivar to examine if particular traits increase or decrease visitation rates measured by direct observation or indirect measurements (% of stigmas with pollen). In addition, we will use dimension-reducing principle components analysis (PCA) to examine to examine which floral traits are correlated with each other and further use regression to determine which suites of traits are correlated with visitation by hummingbirds, bees, or other visitors (predators or parasitoids).

Part 2: Installation of two common gardens

In order to augment the survey outlined above, we propose to install two additional plantings. The additional plantings will allow for consistent evaluation of traits among cultivar types in a common environment and better assessment of the relative attractiveness of each cultivar type. Using two common gardens where all cultivars are present will allow rigorous assessment of the relative attractiveness of cultivars to make scientifically valid recommendations. In other words, this additional set of plants will allow us to separate the effect of location (shade, near other attractive plants etc) from that of the cultivar itself. Plant individuals of each cultivar type will be acquired from California flora nursery and we will augment this supply by dividing existing cultivars from the UC Davis arboretum sites.

Sites have been tentatively chosen on campus, but will finalized based on the ability to install drip irrigation for initial establishment and partial sun/some shade to increase early survival of some cultivars (O’Brien & Grant 2005). At each site, three representatives of at least 10 cultivar types will be installed. The specific cultivars available will be chosen from the Table 1, depending on which are available and most amenable to commercial propagation conditions

Project Narrative 5 and robust to pathogens and greenhouse propagation (O’Brien & Grant 2005). Individual plants will be out-planted in fall 2017 and maintained over the next year to ensure good establishment and survival. These plantings will be used in future years for similar assessments to those described in Part 1. Signage will be installed at both locations to inform visitors of the projects currently underway.

Outcome summary This project will compare among horticultural varieties of Zauschneria canum to assess variation in floral traits and which variety best attracts pollinators and other beneficial insects. It will engage not only the researchers and personnel employed through the project, but also a large student audience in the importance of landscaping with pollinator-friendly plantings. Further, signage and outreach through the arboretum will engage the numerous visitors to the arboretum in the project and raise awareness of this plant genus. Finally, results from this project will be prepared for publication in peer-reviewed journals (see author’s CV and publication record on Google Scholar). Our results will also be summarized in a whitepaper for submission to a horticultural publication or for publication in a periodical targeted toward gardeners. Results will be presented at local and national meetings, including to horticultural groups in California. These efforts are likely to raise the profile of this plant genus and emphasize its attractive features and positive contribution to ecosystem services and increase demand in the horticultural industry.

References: Fenster CB, Cheely G, Dudash MR, Reynolds RJ. 2006. Nectar reward and advertisement in hummingbird-pollinated Silene virginica (Caryophyllaceae). American Journal of Botany 93(12): 1800-1807. Gómez JM, Zamora R. 2006. Ecological factors that promote the evolution of generalization in pollination systems. Plant-pollinator interactions: from specialization to generalization. University of Chicago Press, Chicago: 145-166. Hilaire RS, Arnold MA, Wilkerson DC, Devitt DA, Hurd BH, Lesikar BJ, Lohr VI, Martin CA, McDonald GV, Morris RL. 2008. Efficient water use in residential urban landscapes. HortScience 43(7): 2081-2092. McArt SH, Koch H, Irwin RE, Adler LS. 2014. Arranging the bouquet of disease: floral traits and the transmission of plant and animal pathogens. Ecology Letters 17(5): 624-636. O'Brien B, Grant R. 2005. Horticultural trials for California Epilobium [Zauschneria] cultivars. white paper for the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. Spaethe J, Tautz J, Chittka L. 2001. Visual constraints in foraging bumblebees: flower size and color affect search time and flight behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(7): 3898-3903. Thomson JD. 1988. Effects of variation in inflorescence size and floral rewards on the visitation rates of traplining pollinators ofAralia hispida. Evolutionary Ecology 2(1): 65-76. Vannette RL, Gauthier M-PL, Fukami T. 2013. Nectar bacteria, but not yeast, weaken a plant- pollinator mutualism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280(1752): 20122601.

Project Narrative 6 Project Timeline

Table 3. Timeline summarizing specific tasks that will happen as part of the proposed work

Year Month Part 1 Tasks Part 2 tasks 2017 July Focal plant selection Site selection August Begin tracking phenology and Begin to acquire plants (Cal flowering density (weekly) Flora) September Training students to perform Maintain plants in lath house floral trait measurement + until outplanting visitation observations (ABI 50A class) October Floral trait measurement + Team will prep ground for visitation observations (ABI 50A common gardens class) November Finish floral trait measurement Team will outplant in + visitation observations, finish common gardens, tracking phenology and maintenance flowering density (ABI 50A class) December Data entry and management 2018 January Statistical analysis February Statistical analysis March Write up results April Write up results May Write up results June Submit final report and peer- reviewed publication

Project Timeline 1 Budget Detail

Table 4. Budget detail. Section A indicates funding requested from SHRE, Section B indicates resources provided or not requested from SHRE Section A Item Cost Number Subtotal Zauschneria plants (1 gal) $5.50 60 $330.00 Irrigation tubing $1 60 $60.00 Emitters $1 60 $60.00 Junior specialist (~1/3 time $10290 1 $10344.25 @ 17.99/hr) Junior specialist benefits $4116.11 1 $4059.08 Crew to install plants (hourly $48 40 $1,920.00 rate for UCD crew) Capillary tubes $200 2 $400.00 HPLC sugar analysis $5 60 $300.00 N2 gas for sugar analysis $68 2 $136.00 tags for marking flowers $40 2 $80.00 agar $200 2 $400.00 media supplies $100 1 $100.00 lath house space $200 1 $200.00 Publication costs $1500 1 $1500.00

Total Requested $19,889.33

Section B. Partner resources/Tools that Source Contact In-kind estimate or do not require funds description Land for common gardens UC Davis Ron Lane and 2 plots of land Environmental David Fujino already equipped Horticulture with water hookup Zauschneria plants Cal Flora Sherri wholesale price (wholesale discount price) Student help with data ABI 50A (UC Rachel Vannette, ~50 students per collection Davis class) Instructor week conducting research and monitoring plants (3 weeks of data collection)

Project Budget 1

Brief budget justification: Plants, irrigation tubing and emitters are required for installation of the common garden in fall 2017. Lath-house space is requested to maintain plants from the time of purchase to that of installation (approx. 2 months). A junior specialist technician hired at 1/3 time will assist with data collection, maintenance of the common garden and sample processing and data entry. This involves weekly flower checks, as-needed maintenance, and hands-on time preparing sugar samples and other lab work. HPLC materials (plates, N2 gas) are required for in-depth sugar analysis of plants, to quantify sugars available in nectar for pollinators and beneficial insects. Additional funding is requested for sampling materials, including tags for marking flowers, agar for assessing microbial load in flowers, and other laboratory supplies. Publication costs are requested for making results and publications submitted from this work open access and available freely to all interested in the results.

List of other funding and support: None for this project; see CVs for current support for other projects.

Project Budget 2 Updated 4/27/17

RACHEL L. VANNETTE v 043 Briggs Hall, 1 Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616 (530) 752-3379 v [email protected]

APPOINTMENTS 2015-Current Assistant Professor, University of California Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology

2011-2015 Postdoctoral Fellow, Stanford University, Biology Department Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow (2012-2015) Examining the role of nectar chemistry in community assembly of yeasts and plant-pollinator interactions Mentor: Tadashi Fukami

EDUCATION 2006-2011 Ph.D., University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Whose phenotype is it anyway? The complex role of species interactions and resource availability in determining the expression of plant defense phenotype and community consequences. Chair: Mark D. Hunter Committee Members: Deborah E. Goldberg, Donald R. Zak, David N. Karowe, Beverly J. Rathcke (deceased)

2002-2006 B.S., Calvin College summa cum laude in Biology, with Honors Advisors: David Warners and John Beebe

PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS

20. Vannette RL & Fukami T. Effects of dispersal on beta diversity in flowers. accepted, Ecology Letters

19. Vannette RL, Bichier, P, Philpott S. The presence of aggressive ants is associated with fewer insect visits to coffee flowers and altered floral microbe communities in coffee flowers, in press, Basic and Applied Ecology

18. Beck, JJ & Vannette RL, 2017 Harnessing Insect-Microbe Chemical Communications to Control Insect Pests of Agricultural Systems, accepted, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65 (1), pp 23–28. *highlighted as an Editor’s choice

17. Schaeffer RN, Vannette RL, Brittian C, Williams N, Fukami T. 2017. Non-target effects of fungicides on nectar-inhabiting fungi of almond flowers, in press at Environmental Microbiology Reports.

16. Vannette RL, Leopold DL and Fukami T. 2016 Forest area and connectivity influence root-associated fungal communities in a fragmented landscape. in press, Ecology

Updated 4/27/17

15. Vannette RL and Fukami T. 2016 Nectar microbes can decrease nectar toxicity and alter effects on nectar consumption by pollinators. Ecology 97 (6), 1410-1419.

14. Vannette, RL, Mohamed A, Johnson, BR 2015. Forager bees (Apis mellifera) highly express immune and detoxification genes in tissues associated with nectar processing. Scientific Reports 5:16224.

13. Schaeffer, R.N., Vannette RL, Irwin RE. 2015. Nectar yeasts in Delphinium nuttallianum (Ranunculaceae) and their effects on nectar quality. Fungal Ecology 18 100-106.

12. Pringle, E, Novo A, Ableson I, Barbehenn R and Vannette RL. 2014. Plant-derived variation in the composition of aphid honeydew and its effects on colonies of aphid-tending ants. Ecology and Evolution 4 (21), 4065-4079.

11. Vannette RL and Hunter MD. 2014. Genetic variation in plant below-ground response to elevated

CO2 and two herbivore species. Plant and Soil. 384 (1-2), 303-314.

10. Good, AP§, Gauthier M-P, Vannette RL, and Fukami T. 2014. Honey bees avoid nectar colonized by three bacterial species, but not by a yeast species, isolated from the bee gut. PLoS ONE. 9: e86494

9. Vannette RL and Fukami T. 2014. Historical contingency in species interactions: towards niche-based predictions. Ecology Letters.17: 115-124. *Recommended by the Faculty of 1000

8. Vannette RL, Hunter MD, and Rasmann S. 2013. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter above-and below- ground chemical defense expression differentially among Asclepias species. Frontiers in Plant Science. 4.

7. Vannette RL, Gauthier M-P, and Fukami T. 2013. Nectar bacteria, but not yeast, weaken a plant- pollinator mutualism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280: 20122601. Commentary: EEB and Flow Blog. The birds and the bees and the microbes. http://evol-eco.blogspot.com/2013/02/the-birds-and-bees-and-microbes.html

6. Vannette RL and Hunter MD. 2013. Mycorrhizal abundance affects the expression of plant defense and herbivore performance. Journal of Ecology. 101:1019-1029.

5. Vannette RL and Rasmann S. 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate below-ground plant–herbivore interactions: a phylogenetic study. Functional Ecology. 26:1033-1042.

4. Rasmann S, Bauerle T, Poveda, K, Vannette, RL. 2011. Predicting root resistance to herbivores during succession. Functional Ecology. 25:368-379.

3. Vannette RL and Hunter MD. 2011. Plant Defense Re-Examined: Nonlinear expectations based on the costs and benefits of resource mutualisms. Journal of Ecology. 99:66-76.

2. Vannette RL and Hunter MD. 2011. Genetic variation in expression of defense phenotype may mediate evolutionary adaptation of Asclepias syriaca to elevated CO2. Global Change Biology. 17:1277-1288.

Updated 4/27/17

cover article & press coverage Climate change may disrupt the chemistry of milkweeds; gardeners can help monarchs by planting more of these critical host plants. National Wildlife Federation. 2013.

Global warming may reroute evolution. University of Michigan Press Release 2011.

1. Vannette RL and Hunter MD. 2009. Mycorrhizae as Mediators of Defense Against Insect Pests in Agricultural Systems. Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 11:351-358.

§indicates undergraduate co-author

MANUSCRIPTS SUBMITTED/ IN REVIEW/IN PREP (drafts available upon request)

Song, Z., Vannette RL, Dhami, MK, Fukami T, Nectar microbes may exacerbate the impact of climate- induced phenological shifts on pollination, in revision for American Naturalist

Toju, H, Vannette RL, Gauthier, M-P, Dhami, M. & Fukami T. Priority effects can persist across floral generations in nectar microbial metacommunities. in review, Oikos

Mittelbach, M. & Vannette RL. Mutualistic interactions of yeasts. Submitted for inclusion in Springer edited edition of Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of Yeasts.

GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS 2017 UCD Programmatic Initiative. Linking hummingbird health to the microbiome: a preliminary survey for avian pollinators. PI with Lisa Tell and Jonathan Eisen. ($13,276.00) California Tomato Research Institute, “Reducing insect virus vectors of Beet Curly Top Virus in processing tomatoes through soil health management” Co-PI with C. Casteel, A. Gaudin, C. Nansen & K. Scow, ($34,846.00) IER/IUC, UC Davis. Plate reader to enhance learning experience in Entomology and Nematology, ($22,177) 2016 Core facilities Grant Program, University of California, Davis, Co-PI with William Jewett, Clare Casteel, Li Tian, Richard Jeannotte, Anthony Wexler, Jared Shaw and Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar ($250,000 for LC-MS/MS) Academic Senate Travel Grant, University of California, Davis ($800) California Tomato Research Institute, “Reducing insect virus vectors of Beet Curly Top Virus in processing tomatoes through soil health management” Co-PI with A. Gaudin, C. Nansen & K. Scow, ($34,846.00) 2012-2015 Life Science Research Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation ($171,000) 2011 Rackham Domestic Travel Grant ($679) EEB Conference Grant ($250) EEB Block Grant “Investigating the interactive effects of soil fertility and mutualist abundance on plant nutrition and defense” ($1920) 2010 EEB Block Grant “Identifying changes in mycorrhizal fungal communities following aboveground herbivory” ($1,800) 3

Updated 4/27/17

NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant “Variation in the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on plant resistance to herbivores” ($14,516) Gordon Research Conference Travel Grant ($370) Matthaei Botanical Gardens Student Research Grant ($1,000) 2009 EEB Block grant “Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on direct and indirect plant defenses in Asclepias syriaca” ($1296) Rackham Domestic Travel Grant ($600) EEB Travel Grant ($200) Matthaei Botanical Gardens Student Research Grant ($1,000) 2008 NSF DEB 0814340 “Whose Phenotype is it Anyway? The complex role of mycorrhizal fungi in the expression of plant defense.” ($650,000 for 2008-2012). (Graduate student co- author) EEB Travel Grant ($100) Rackham Pre-Candidate Research Grant ($1,500) EEB Block Grant ($1,800) 2007 NSF-IGERT BART Fellow ($30,000/yr plus research and travel for 2 years) EEB Block Grant ($1,140) Matthaei Botanical Gardens Student Research Grant ($600)

INVITED PRESENTATIONS 2017 Vannette, RL. Microbial communities mediate plant-insect interactions. California State University Dominguez Hills, April 13, 2017. Vannette, RL. Ecology seminar, UC Davis, March 16, 2017. Vannette, RL, Microbial communities mediate plant-insect interactions. Rice University, Houston, TX., Feb 24, 2017. 2016 Vannette, RL, Ecology of nectar-inhabiting microbial communities, UC Davis Host- Microbe Interactions Retreat, Oct 27, 2016. Vannette, RL, Variation in nectar quality: causes and consequences for bee health. Bee heath symposium, Davis, CA, May 6, 2016. Vannette, RL. Microbial mediation of plant-animal interactions. Biology Departmental seminar, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, March 25, 2016. Vannette, RL. Microbial mediation of plant-pollinator interactions, Entomology Entomology Departmental seminar, University of California Riverside. Riverside, CA, Feb 22, 2016. Vannette, RL, Beck, JJ. The role of microbial VOCs in shaping pollinator preference. Gordon Conference on Plant Volatiles, Ventura, CA. Feb 3, 2016. 2015 Vannette, RL. Microbes: essential mediators of plant-animal interactions? Ecological Society of America. Baltimore, MD, Wed, Aug 12, 2015. Vannette RL. Community assembly of the nectar microbiome. Early Career Scientists’ Symposium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, March 28, 2015. 2014 Vannette RL, Gauthier, M.-P. Fukami T. Microbial community structure and function in floral nectar are shaped by variation in dispersal. Ecological Society of America. Sacramento, CA. Aug 13, 2014. Vannette RL Pollinator-vectored parasites? Investigating the ecological role of nectar microbes. Departmental seminar. Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA. Feb 21, 2014.

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2012 Vannette RL Microbes in the monkeyflowers: microbial community assembly and effects on pollination in Mimulus aurantiacus. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Brown Bag Lecture. December 4, 2012. Vannette RL, Gauthier, M.P, and Fukami, T. Nectar microbes differentially affect nectar chemistry and plant-pollinator interactions. Ecological Society of America. Portland, OR, August 7, 2012. 2011 Vannette RL Do species traits or phylogeny predict the outcome of mycorrhizal interactions? An examination using prairie restoration and a multitrophic system. Biology Departmental Seminar. San Francisco State University. November 7, 2011. Vannette RL Whose phenotype is it anyway? The complex role of mycorrhizae in plant defense and trophic interactions. Stanford University Lunch Seminar. March 22, 2011.

2010 Vannette RL and MD Hunter. Effects of elevated CO2 and aboveground herbivory on belowground defense and mycorrhizal interactions. Ecological Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA, August 5, 2010. 2009 Vannette RL Mutualisms Matter: Mycorrhizal fungi affect Plant Defense and Herbivore Performance, Calvin College, November 13, 2009.

CONTRIBUTED PRESENTATIONS 2014 Vannette, R.L., Philpott, S. Bichier, P. Indirect interactions shape floral microbial communities in a coffee agroecosystem. Santa Cruz, CA. Dec 6, 2014. 2013 Vannette, R.L. and T. Fukami. Multiple niche components predict the strength of priority effects. Ecological Society of America. Minneapolis, MN. Aug 6, 2013. Vannette R.L., Barley-Greenfield S.§, and Fukami,T. Do secondary compounds in floral nectar protect pollination rewards from microbial degradation? Evolution Meeting. Snowbird, UT, June 25, 2013. 2012 Vannette R.L. and T. Fukami. Microbial community assembly in floral nectar and consequences for pollination. EcoEvo lunch talk. Stanford University, December 9, 2012. Vannette, R.L., and T. Fukami. Mechanisms mediating priority effects in a nectivorous yeast community. Species Interactions Workshop, Stanford University, December 1, 2012. 2011 Vannette, R.L., T. Fukami, S. Barley-Greenfield. The role of nectar chemistry and species interactions in structuring nectar yeast communities. Species Interactions Workshop, Stanford University, December 3, 2011. Vannette, R.L. Do species traits or phylogeny predict the outcome of mycorrhizal interactions? An examination using prairie restoration and a multitrophic system. EcoEvo Lunch Talk, Stanford University, November 15, 2011. Vannette, R.L. and M.D. Hunter. Mycorrhizal abundance nonlinearly affects plant growth, plant defense and caterpillar performance. Ecological Society of America. Austin, TX. August 10, 2011. Brady, J§. and R.L.Vannette. Mycorrhizal Fungi affect Caterpillar Defense Sequestration. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters. Saginaw Valley State University, Saginaw Valley, MI. March 11, 2011. 2010 Vannette, R.L. Nonlinear effects of mycorrhizal fungal abundance on the expression of plant defense in Asclepias syriaca. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Lunch Seminar, Ann Arbor, MI. Nov 30, 2010.

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Vannette, R.L. and M.D. Hunter. Insect herbivores affect mycorrhizal interactions in Asclepias syriaca. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters. Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI. March 2010.

2009 Vannette, R.L. and M.D. Hunter. Elevated CO2 affects growth and induction of chemical defenses in Asclepias syriaca. Ecological Society of America, Albuquerque, NM, August 3, 2009. 2008 Vannette, R.L. and M.D. Hunter. Relative effects of genotype, mycorrhizal colonization,

and elevated CO2 on the defensive phenotype of Asclepias syriaca. Ecological Society of America, Milwaukee, WI, August 7, 2008.

Vannette, R.L. Effects of plant genotype, CO2 concentration, and mycorrhizal fungi on the defensive phenotype of Asclepias syriaca. Michigan Society of Science, Arts, and Letters. Western Michigan University, MI. March 2008.

2007 Vannette, R.L. Relative effects of plant genotype, CO2 concentration, and mycorrhizal fungi on the defensive phenotype of Asclepias syriaca. University of Michigan, October 2007. 2005 Vannette, R.L, R. Van Dragt, and J. D. Beebe. The Calvin College PE Woodlot: an Ecological Study and Mitigation Plan. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters, Oakland University, MI, 2005.

§indicates undergraduate co-author

POSTERS PRESENTED 2015 Vannette R.L. Community ecology of nectar-inhabiting microbes. Host-microbe conference. Granlibakken, CA Nov 5-6, 2015. 2013 Vannette R.L., M-P. Gauthier, and Fukami T. Changes in nectar chemistry mediate plant-pollinator-microbe interactions. February 27, 2013, Gordon Conference for Plant- Herbivore Interactions. Ventura, CA. 2012 Vannette R.L. Does antimicrobial defense shape yeast community assembly in floral nectar? October 13, 2012, LSRF Fellows Meeting, Boston, MA. 2009 Vannette R.L. and M.D. Hunter Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on Asclepias syriaca defensive phenotype and aphid density. April 17, 2010. Early Career Scientist’s Symposium, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan. Vannette R.L. and M.D. Hunter. Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on Asclepias syriaca defensive phenotype and aphid density. February 21-26, 2010. Gordon Research Conference. Galveston, TX.

2009 Vannette, R.L. Elevated CO2 and plant genotype interact to affect plant-herbivore interactions. October 8, 2009, Tempeh, AZ, Conference for Sustainability IGERTs 2. Vannette, R.L., L Wason , and J Crumsey. Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in Northern Michigan. February 2009, Chicago, IL, AAAS Meeting Vannette R.L. Asclepias syriaca defensive syndrome and subsequent specialist herbivore

performance varies among plant genotypes and with elevated CO2. March 2009, Ann Arbor, MI; Early Career Scientist’s Symposium

2008 Vannette R.L. Effects of mycorrhizal colonization, plant genotype, and elevated CO2 on Asclepias syriaca defensive phenotype. March 2008, Ann Arbor, MI. Early Career Scientist’s Symposium

TEACHING EXPERIENCE 6

Updated 4/27/17

2017 ENT 198 Chemical Ecology 2016 ABI 50A (sections 03 and 04) 2016 Graduate seminar in Chemical Ecology (ENT294/GGE290) 2012 Ecological Statistics in R (Co-instructor and course designer with Tadashi Fukami) 2009-2011 Graduate Student Mentor for new Biology Graduate Student Instructors 2006-2007 Graduate Student Instructor for Introductory Biology, lab and discussion sections

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP 2014-present International Society of Chemical Ecology 2013-present American Society of Naturalists 2007-present Ecological Society of America 2005-2011 Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters

HONORS and AWARDS 2013 Highlighted young member of the Plant Population Ecology Section of the Ecological Society of America

PROFESSIONAL and DEPARTMENTAL SERVICE 2016-present Haagen-Dazs Honey Bee Haven Committee 2016 Ad-hoc committee for insect symbiont position description 2015-2016 Graduate admissions committee (member), Entomology graduate group 2016-2017 Graduate admissions committee service, Graduate group in Ecology 2015-2017 Entomology retreat committee (member) 2008-2011 Co-chair for Botany section of Michigan Society of Science, Arts and Letters 2008-2011 Big Sibs mentor for incoming graduate students; University of Michigan 2010-2011 Graduate Student Body President; EEB Department, University of Michigan 2009-2010 Executive Committee Student member; EEB Department, University of Michigan

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 2016 Participated in and gave a lecture to ~200 members of the public at the Bee heath symposium, Davis, CA, May 6, 2016. 2012 Led tour of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve for high school students in RISE summer program; Stanford, CA 2011 Women In Sciences and Engineering (WISE) Summer Science Camp for Girls BIOKIDS Field Trip Student Leader. June 2, 2011; Detroit, MI Invited lecture for the Friends of the UMBS; Matthaei Botanical Gardens, March 12, 2011 2010 BIOKIDS participant; Ann Arbor, MI 2009 Presentation and hands-on microscope display for community members; AAAS meeting Chicago, IL

OTHER 2015 Invited to join Fungal Ecology editorial board 2015 Invitation to join the PLoS One editorial board

GRADUTE GROUP SERVICE Committee Chair: Alexandria Igwe 7

Updated 4/27/17

Committee membership: Ash Zemenick Megan Morris (JDPE student primarily housed at SDSU)

QE committees: Micah Freedman (10/31/16) Ross Brennan (Dec 2016)

Master’s thesis committee: Abbas Mohammed

GUEST LECTURES Guest lecture in Chiu class Spring 2016 Guest lecture in Chiu class Winter 2017

“Microbes in Monkeyflowers: Community assembly in microbial communities” 4/30/13 & 5/9/13; Ecology for Everyone, Instructor: Dr. Deborah Gordon “Mycorrhizae: population, community, and ecosystem impacts” Plant-Animal Interactions, Instructor: Dr. Beverly Rathcke “Mycorrhizae: population, community, and ecosystem impacts” 3/4/08 Plant-Animal Interactions, Instructor: Dr. Beverly Rathcke “Mycorrhizae: Plant-fungal interactions” 4/10/07 Plant-Animal Interactions, Instructor: Dr. Beverly Rathcke

STUDENTS MENTORED Undergraduates at UCD: Tim Rei (Insect Scholars Program), Ariana Nagainis, Chela Owens, Casey Reagan, Morinne Osborne (EEGAP student), Wendy Melendez (ABI Practicum), Cody Kiniry (ABI Practicum) High School students: Amin Montazer (Davis High School Biotech)

Undergraduates mentored prior to UC Davis: Calum You, Joe Hack, Julia Tsai, Anna Weitelmann, Sophia Christel, Rachel Powell, Ashley Good, Simone Barley-Greenfield, Nick Orr, Paul Rink, Josh Crites, Jennifer Brady, Rihana Bokhari, Fulla Abdul-Jabbar, Marlene Tyner (master’s program in environmental studies at UCSB), Grace Honik, Rebekah Priluck, Kinsey Brock (master’s program in environmental studies at UM), Hannah DeRose-Wilson, Rosalie Bienick (now a grad student in Plant Ecology at Oregon State University)

AD-HOC REVIEWER FOR: Agricultural and Forest Entomology (1), Botany (1), Ecological Entomology (1), Ecology (3), Ecology Letters (2), Environmental Microbiology (1), FEMS Microbiology Ecology (1), Frontiers in Plant Science (2), Functional Ecology (3), Journal of Chemical Ecology (1), Journal of Insect Behavior (1), Industrial Crops and Products (1), Molecular Ecology (1), Oecologia (3), Oikos (1), PeerJ (1), Plant and Soil (1), PLoS ONE (6), Symbiosis (1)

Updated 4/27/17

Reviewer for grant proposals: National Science Foundation (2), Research Foundation Flanders (1),Lise Meitner-Program Austrian Science Fund (1), OTS (1), other (1)

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOPS ATTENDED UC Davis Faculty Learning Community, Davis, CA; Winter 2017-ongoing Teaching Workshop for Postdocs; Stanford, CA; July 26-27, 2012 Instructors: Kelley M. Skeff, MD, PhD and Georgette A. Stratos, PhD Structural Equation Modeling using Bayesian Methods; Pittsburgh, PA; August 1, 2010 Instructor: Jim Grace UPLC Maintenance and Upkeep; Chicago, IL; March 29, 2010 Instructor: Bruce Aoki

David W. Fujino, Ph.D. 44935 N. El Macero Dr. Davis, CA 95618 530.756.6559 (Res) [email protected] 530.902.7676 (Cell)

SENIOR EXECUTIVE Achieving the future through commitment based leadership.

PROFILE

☼ Highly adaptable leader accomplished in delivering results in a variety of senior level corporate functions including organizational development, training and development, information technology, operations, marketing and sales. ☼ Hands on manager proficient in eliciting optimal performance from an organization’s people and processes through proven team building, performance management abilities, staff development and motivational skills. ☼ Ability to add value to achieving strategic objectives through extensive network of connections with academia, state/federal agencies and national industry associations. ☼ Talented business strategist and tactician who can produce results by aligning the right people with the right project at the right time and building organizational consensus to ensure success ☼ Versatile and accomplished in championing corporate interests through successful public relations / government relations, contract negotiations and client management initiatives. Skilled in the development and implementation of policies and procedures that advance the organization’s mission.

EXPERIENCE Executive Director, CCUH, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 2006-Present Currently, the Executive Director of California Center for Urban Horticulture (CCUH). The CCUH mission is to help California develop more enjoyable and sustainable gardens, landscapes and public parks with timely horticultural information. The CCUH is located at the University of California, Davis, and draws upon the knowledge and expertise of our partners in academia, industry and the public. Urban horticulture has a significant role in water, energy and resource conservation, reducing pesticide use, native plant propagation, wildlife preservation, and controlling invasive species. The CCUH public programs, demonstration gardens, and research provide Californians with horticultural information needed for creating and maintaining environmentally sound landscapes. (http://ccuh.ucdavis.edu)

Co-Director, UCNFA, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 2009-Present The University of California Nursery and Floriculture Alliance (UCNFA) is associated with the Floriculture and Nursery Workgroup of UC's Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. These Cooperative Extension and university personnel engage in research and educational activities that address the needs of the nursery and floriculture production industries in California. The UCNFA provides educational programs to a $3.7 billion industry (2014), which is California’s #5 agricultural commodity. (http://ucnfa.ucanr.edu)

Chair, Saratoga Horticultural Research Endowment, 2014-Present The Saratoga Horticultural Research Endowment (SHRE) supports research and educational programs that foster the introduction of new and improved plant materials for California gardens and landscapes. The committee administers this $1.15 million endowment and allocates approximately $50,000 annually to fund horticultural research. Since its inception in 2008, the SHRE has endowed over $290,000 research projects. (http://ucanr.edu/sites/SaratogaHort/)

Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 2

Horticultural Consultant, El Macero, CA 2005-2007 Serving the CA nursery industry with expertise in governmental and regulatory affairs at the state and National level by direct participation in “key” industry issues. Leadership is being provided by design and development of organizational infrastructure that aligns industry, local, state and federal stakeholders. Worked with such governmental agencies such as County Agricultural Commissioners, California Department of Food and Agriculture, USDA APHIS PPQ, USDA ARS and Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Current Chair of CDFA’s Nursery Pest Advisory Task Force and Chair, California Nurseries and Garden Centers.

Hines Horticulture, Irvine, CA 1987-2005 A $300 million company producing more than 4,900 varieties of ornamental shrubs, color plants, and container-grown plants in nurseries located in 9 states. Hines distributes and sells its products to home centers, mass merchandisers, independent garden centers, and garden center chains in the United States and Canada.

Key Positions:

Vice President, Organizational Development 01.02-07.05 Charged with the reorganization of company facilities and staff as the company was challenged by continually eroding margins in the mass merchandising sector. Assisted CEO in executive with aligning the organization to the corporate strategic plan. ! Managed all corporate government and regulatory affairs. Directed training programs in sales, problem solving and employee development. Provided “one on one” executive coaching for facility General Managers and Regional Vice President. Reorganized four production facilities to offset $10 million shortfall caused by the loss of a mass merchandiser contract ! Negotiated a $15 million Option Agreement for the sale of a Northern California facility ! Directed mechanization projects which resulted in 15% reduction in labor dollars ! Directed the design and implementation of $20 million facility expansion project ! “Black Belt” trained for providing internal executive coaching and mentorship

Vice President, Information Technology 01.99-12.01 Charged with the development and implementation of a centralized and standardized IT function. Due to many recent acquisitions, Hines was challenged by a number of IT technologies and systems that failed to provide enterprise wide solutions to the delivery and dissemination of data highly critical to the company’s successful operation. ! Successfully conducted company research and development and bid process for enterprise selection process ! Negotiated $10 million Oracle enterprise software/hardware system ! Successfully implemented Oracle finance and custom production planning system while moving the organization from an outdated AS 400 system to an HP UX distributed system ! In response to significant IT attrition (AS 400 staff elected to move to other companies using the AS 400) rebuilt the corporate IT department to become an internal customer satisfaction center

Vice President, Eastern Region 01.98-12.98 Charged with the successful administration and operation of Hines’ four company facilities in the Eastern Region after a highly successful engagement growing the company’s California operations. Developed and implemented: ! New regional leadership team comprised of general management, regional sales management and regional store management Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 3 ! Hines’ first Store Service Pilot Program, designed to improve Hines’ inventory management and merchandising at the store level. The pilot program was implemented in Home Depot stores resulting in a per store average of more than $80,000 in rolling inventory ! Expanded the store service program from four Home Depot locations to 50 locations in one year. Home Depot subsequently approached Hines with a proposal for a national program rollout of products ! Delivered combined sales of more than $64 million and with an 18% return on sales and net cash flow (ROS NCF)

General Manager, Vacaville and Winters, CA 08.95-12.97 Charged with the successful administration and operations of these two California based facilities. ! Grew mass merchant and home center business by more than $5 million in less than three years ! Expanded facilities acreage by more than 49% ! Catalyzed sales growth by 40% in less than three years, while maintaining an ROS NCF (Return on Sales Net Cash Flow) of more than 26% ! Delivered highest percentage of sales volume shipped in April 1996 more than 55% ! Consistently delivered the highest ROS NCF and the highest unit selling price of all Hines’ facilities ! Achieved the lowest credit and claims results in the company ! First GM to achieve more than 30% ROS NCF, the highest in company history ! Achieved best safety results in company with a recordable incident rate of less than 2 . Socio-Technical Resource Manager 09.87-07.95 Charged with direction and implementation of a company-wide network meeting system and all training programs. Designed and implemented: ! Team-performance incentive program (English/Spanish) supported with customized training program ! Award winning corporate quality improvement program ! Highly customized Hines University I and II ! Specific problem solving and advanced facilitation training program

EDUCATION Ph.D, Plant Physiology, University of California, Davis 1987 MS, Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis 1981 BS in Plant Science, University of California, Riverside 1978 Staff Research Associate, University of California, Davis 1980-1983

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS Current ! Committee Member, Department of Water Resources Landscape Advisory Committee ! Committee Member, Technical Advisory Committee, SacTree Foundation ! Committee Member, Technical Advisory Committee Advisory Member, ReScape ! Committee Member, Center Institute for Food and Agricultural Research ! Commissioner, City of Davis Tree Commission Current Advisory to Industry ! Nippon Electric Company (NEC) ! California Safe Soil ! Kurapia Inc ! foris.io inc Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 4

Past ! Committee Member, Department of Water Resources Independent Technical Advisory Panel ! Committee Member, USDA ARS/HRI Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative ! Chair of California Association of Nurseries and Garden Centers (CANGC) ! Vice Chair of CANGC Executive Committee ! Grower Member Director of CANGC Executive Committee ! Chair of USDA ARS National Program 301 (Plant Genetics Resources) - Ornamentals ! Chair of CDFA Nursery Pest Advisory Task Force ! Committee Member, American Nursery and Landscape Association (ANLA) ! Committee Member, ANLA Invasive Species Task Force ! Committee Member, USDA ARS/HRI Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative ! Committee Member, Cultivar Working Group, The Nature’s Conservancy Invasive Species Initiative ! Committee Member, Nursery Advisory Group for CDFA ! Committee Member, National Clean Plant Network Steering Committee for USDA CSREES ! Vice President of Nursery Growers Association (NGA) ! Advisor for Ellison Chair in International Floriculture ! State Water Resources Control Board Task Force

GRANTS AND CONTRACTS (Principal Investigator or Collaborator)

Department of Water Resources = $969,278 1. “Evapotranspiration Adjustment Factor Study” ($590,000) 2. “Landscape Plant Performance: Water Use Assessments and New Cultivar Selections” ($303,521) 3. “Irrigation Management Workshops for Landscape Professionals” ($75,757)

California Association of Nurseries and Garden Centers = $8,580 1. “Weed Risk Assessment Tool for California’s Nursery and Garden Center Industry” ($8,580)

California Department of Food and Agriculture = $739,521 1. “Unified Production Nursery Systems Approach for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Best Management Practices (BMP)” ($297,000) 2. “Landscape Plant Performance: Water Use Assessments and New Cultivar Selections” ($303,521) 3. “Online continuing educational resources for ornamental specialty crops producers” ($139,000)

CA Department of Food & Agriculture Fertilizer Research & Education Program = $129,688 1. “University of California Nursery and Floriculture Alliance Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Education Program” ($129,688)

University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources = $855,430 2. “Edible Landscape: Train-the-Trainer” ($221,000) 3. “Managing for multiple ecosystem services in working landscapes of Sacramento: urban agriculture and soil lead contamination” ($600,000) 4. “The development and validation of a rapid assessment tool for evaluating the potential invasive potential of ornamental plants in a given geographic region” ($54,000)

Horticultural Research Institute = $34,430 1. “Evaluation of a Weed Risk Assessment model for screening ornamental plants throughout the US” ($34,430)

Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 5

Saratoga Horticulture Research Endowment = $136,465 1. “Propagation and Commercial Introduction of ARBORETUM ALL-STARS: Recommended Plants for Interior California Landscapes” ($7,500) 2. “Evaluating the Water Usage and Climate Zone Tolerances of Potential UC Davis Arboretum All-Stars Plant Introductions for Shade” ($15,000) 3. “Evaluating the Water Usage and Climate Zone Tolerances of Potential UC Davis Arboretum All-Stars Plant Introductions for Shade - Year 2” ($15,000) 4. “Expanding evaluations of the water use and climate zone tolerance of landscape ornamentals for sustainable California gardens” ($14,000) 5. “Continued evaluations of the water use and climate zone tolerance of landscape ornamentals for sustainable California gardens” ($15,000 6. “Developing Irrigation Guidelines for the Establishment of California Native Plants in the Landscape” ($7,365) 7. “Ornamental plant trials for the new California garden: Evaluating new landscape plants for sustainable characteristics on reduced water and across climate zones” ($25,000) 8. “Ornamental plant trials for the new California garden: Evaluating new landscape plants for sustainable characteristics on reduced water” ($12,500) 9. “Developing irrigation Guidelines for the Establishment of CA Native Plants - Year 2” ($13,100) 10. “Increasing the potential regional invasive predictability of the Plant Risk Evaluation tool for ornamentals in California by incorporating climatic matching data” ($12,000)

PUBLICATIONS

1. Changes in ethylene production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content of pollinated carnation flowers. R Nichols, G Bufler, Y Mor, DW Fujino, MS Reid. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2 (1-4), 1-8. 1983. 2. 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC)—The transmitted stimulus in pollinated flowers?. MS Reid, DW Fujino, NE Hoffman, CS Whitehead. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 3 (1-4), 189-196. 1984. 3. Effects of aminooxyacetic acid on postharvest characteristics of carnation. DW Fujino, MS Reid, S Yang. II International Symposium on Post-harvest Physiology of Cut Flowers 113, 59-64. 1980. 4. Identification of the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), in pollen. CS Whitehead, DW Fujino, MS Reid. Scientia Horticulturae 21 (3), 291-297. 1983. 5. Characterization of an ethylene overproducing mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivar VFN8). DW Fujino, DW Burger, SF Yang, KJ Bradford. Plant Physiology 88 (3), 774- 779. 1988. 6. Investigation of the mode of action of ethylene in carnation senescence. EC Sisler, MS Reid, DW Fujino. II International Symposium on Carnation Culture 141, 229-234. 1983. 7. Quantification of indole-3-acetic acid in dark-grown seedlings of the diageotropica and epinastic mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). DW Fujino, SJ Nissen, AD Jones, DW Burger, KJ Bradford. Plant physiology 88 (3), 780-784. 1988. 8. The roles of pollen ACC and pollen tube growth in ethylene production by carnations. CS Whitehead, DW Fujino, MS Reid. II International Symposium on Carnation Culture 141, 221-228. 1983. 9. Identification of vascular blockages in rachides of cut maidenhair (Adiantum raddianum) fronds. DW Fujino, MS Reid, GE Vandermolen. Scientia Horticulturae 21 (4), 381-388. 1983. 10. Ineffectiveness of ethylene biosynthetic and action inhibitors in phenotypically reverting theEpinastic mutant of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.). DW Fujino, DW Burger, KJ Bradford. Journal of plant growth regulation 8 (1), 53-61. 1989. 11. Factors affecting the vase life of fronds of maidenhair fern. DW Fujino, MS Reid. Scientia Horticulturae 21 (2), 181-188. 1983. Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 6 12. The water relations of maidenhair fronds treated with silver nitrate. DW Fujino, MS Reid, HC Kohl. Scientia Horticulturae 19 (3), 349-355. 1983. 13. Shattering of snapdragons-effects of silver thiosulfate and ethephon. DS Farnham, MS Reid, DW Fujino. Acta Horticultarae 113, 39-43. 1981. 14. The Development of a Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE) Tool for Assessing the Invasive Potential of Ornamental Plants. Conser, Christiana Seebacher, Lizbeth, Fujino, David W., Reichard, Sarah, Joseph M. DiTomaso. PLOS ONE 10 (3). 2015. 15. Vase life of cut greens. DW Fujino, MS Reid, AM Kofranek. Flower and nursery report for commercial growers. UC Cooperative Extension Publication. 1981. 16. HPLC methods for detection of uniconazole-P in soils and plant tissues. MC Booth, MJ Campidonica, DW Fujino, RM Sachs. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 8 (4), 293-300. 1989. 17. Hormonal Characterization of a Single-gene Mutant of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). DW Fujino Dissertation. 1987. 18. Biomass-fueled furnace coupled to greenhouse heating and crop drying systems. RM Sachs, D Roberts, KM Sachs, B Jenkins, G Forister, J Ebeling, D Fujino. Energy from biomass: 3rd EC conference, held Venice 25-29 March, 1985, 804-808. 1985. 19. Keeping Plants Alive under Drought or Water Restrictions. B Hartin, Janet, Oki, Loren, Fujino, Dave, Faber. ANR Publication 8553, 1-9. 2015. 20. The Floriculture and Nursery Industry's Struggle with Invasive Species. Parrella, Michael P., Wagner, Andrea, Fujino, David W. American Entomologist 61 (1), 39-50. 2015. 21. Evaluation of a biomass fueled furnace for direct greenhouse heating. BM Jenkins, RM Sachs, D Roberts, KM Sachs, JM Ebeling, G Forister, D Fujino. Paper, American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1985 22. Effects of aminooxyacetic acid on postharvest characteristics of carnation. DW Fujino, MS Reid, SF Yang. Acta Horticulturae (Netherlands). II International Symposium on Post-harvest Physiology of Cut Flowers no. 113. 1981. 23. Shattering of snapdragons-effects of silver thiosulphate and ethephon. DS Farnham, MS Reid, DW Fujino. Acta Horticulturae, II International Symposium on Post-harvest Physiology of Cut Flowers no. 113. 39-44. 1981.

REFERENCES

Dr. Helene Dillard (Current Supervisor) Dean, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UC Davis Dean’s Office CA & ES One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 (530) 752-1605

Dr. Steve Thigpen (Past Supervisor, Hines Nursery) Chief Operating Officer, Monrovia 817 E. Monrovia Place Azusa, CA 91702 (626) 513-0267

Dr. Michael Parrella Dean, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2331 Moscow, ID 83844 (208) 885-5243

Resume of David W. Fujino, Ph.D. Page 7 Dr. Darren Haver Water Resources/Water Quality Advisor and Director of South Coast REC and UCCE Orange 7601 Irvine Blvd. Irvine, CA 92618 (949) 653-1814

Peter Brostrom Section Chief, Department of Water Resources P.O. Box 942836 Sacramento, CA 94236 (916) 651-7034

Tom O’Brien Senior Vice President and General Counsel, Driscoll 300 Westridge Drive Watsonville, CA 95076 (831) 763-3298

Craig Regelbrugge Senior Vice President – Industry Advocacy and Research, AmericanHort 529 9th Street, NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20004 (202) 434-8681

Dr. Loren Oki Associate Specialist in CE, Landscape Horticulture 1110 Environmental Horticulture Davis, CA 95616 (530) 754-4135