DOCSLIB.ORG

Metallurgical Coal Resources in Eastern Kentucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metallurgical Coal Resources in Eastern Kentucky Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director University of Kentucky, Lexington Metallurgical Coal Resources in Eastern Kentucky Cortland F. Eble and Gerald A. Weisenfluh Contract Report 57 Series XII, 2013 Our Mission Our mission is to increase knowledge and understanding of the mineral, energy, and water resources, geologic hazards, and geology of Kentucky for the benefit of the Commonwealth and Nation. © 2006 University of Kentucky Earth Resources—OurFor further information Common contact: Wealth Technology Transfer Officer Kentucky Geological Survey 228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506-0107 www.uky.edu/kgs ISSN 0075-5591 Technical Level Technical Level General Intermediate Technical General Intermediate Technical Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................1 Part 1: Eastern Kentucky Coal Resources for Metallurgical Markets.....................................3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................3 Methods ..............................................................................................................................4 Results ................................................................................................................................5 Overburden and Resource Accessibility ..........................................................5 Fire Clay Coal .......................................................................................................8 Upper Elkhorn No. 3 and Kellioka Coal ........................................................12 Upper Elkhorn No. 2 Coal ................................................................................16 Lower Elkhorn Coal ..........................................................................................19 Pike County Assessment ..................................................................................23 Summary ..........................................................................................................................28 Part 2: Metallurgical Coal Characterization .............................................................................33 Introduction .....................................................................................................................33 Steam Coal .......................................................................................................................33 Metallurgical Coal...........................................................................................................33 Coal to Coke.....................................................................................................................33 Materials and Methods ..................................................................................................34 Coal Petrography ............................................................................................................34 Proximate Analysis .........................................................................................................34 Total Carbon and Sulfur ................................................................................................34 Calorific Value .................................................................................................................34 Elemental Analyses ........................................................................................................35 Gieseler Plastometry .......................................................................................................35 Audibert-Arnu Dilatation ..............................................................................................35 Results ..............................................................................................................................35 Mineral Matter and Ash....................................................................................35 Sulfur ...................................................................................................................36 Elements in Coal Ash ........................................................................................36 Coal Petrology ....................................................................................................37 Vitrinite ..................................................................................................37 Liptinite ..................................................................................................38 Inertinite .................................................................................................38 Metallurgical Coal Applicability .....................................................................41 Pulverized Coal Injection Coal ........................................................................42 Summary ..........................................................................................................................43 References Cited ...........................................................................................................................44 Appendix 1: Sample Information ..............................................................................................47 Appendix 2: Analytical Data ......................................................................................................52 Appendix 3: Analytical Geochemical Data ..............................................................................60 Appendix 4: Analytical Ash Geochemistry Data ....................................................................66 Appendix 5: Metallurgical Parameters .....................................................................................74 Figures 1. Chart showing stratigraphic context of the major coals of eastern Kentucky with respect to resource development and accessibility ...................................................................3 2. Structure contour map for the Lower Elkhorn coal bed ..........................................................5 3. Overburden thickness map for the Lower Elkhorn coal ..........................................................6 4. Map showing outcrop extent of the Lower Elkhorn coal bed .................................................7 5. Map and tabulation of original resources of the Fire Clay coal in eastern Kentucky ........10 6. Map and tabulation of remaining coal resources of the Fire Clay coal in eastern Ken- tucky...............................................................................................................................................11 7. Maps and tabulation of original resources of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal in eastern Kentucky .......................................................................................................................................14 8. Maps and tabulation of remaining resources of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal in eastern Kentucky ..........................................................................................................................15 9. Map and tabulation of original resources of the Upper Elkhorn No. 2 coal in eastern Kentucky .......................................................................................................................................17 10. Map and tabulation of remaining resources of the Upper Elkhorn No. 2 coal in eastern Kentucky ..........................................................................................................................18 11. Maps and tabulation of original resources of the Lower Elkhorn coal in eastern Kentucky .......................................................................................................................................21 12. Maps and tabulation of remaining resources of the Lower Elkhorn coal in eastern Kentucky .......................................................................................................................................22 13. Maps and tabulation of original resources of the Clintwood coal in eastern Kentucky ...24 14. Map and tabulation of remaining resources of the Clintwood coal in southeastern Pike County ..................................................................................................................................25 15. Maps and tabulation of original coal resources of the Glamorgan coal in eastern Ken- tucky...............................................................................................................................................26 16. Map and tabulation of remaining resources of the Glamorgan coal in Pike County ........27 17. Maps and tabulation of original coal resources of the Hagy coal in eastern Kentucky ....29 18. Map and tabulation of remaining resources of the Hagy coal in Pike County ..................30 19. Maps and tabulation of original resources of the Splash Dam coal in eastern Kentucky .......................................................................................................................................31 20. Map and tabulation of remaining resources of the Splash Dam coal in Pike County .......32 21. Photographs of macerals in eastern Kentucky coal (1 of 4) ...................................................38 22. Photographs of macerals in eastern Kentucky coal (2 of 4) ...................................................39
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Petrographic and Vitrinite Reflectance Analyses of a Suite of High Volatile Bituminous Coal Samples from the United States and Venezuela
    Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela Open-File Report 2008-1230 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk A. Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Hackley, P.C., Kolak, J.J., 2008, Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1230, 36 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1230. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Methods ..............................................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Update on Lignite Firing
    Update on lignite firing Qian Zhu CCC/201 ISBN 978-92-9029-521-1 June 2012 copyright © IEA Clean Coal Centre Abstract Low rank coals have gained increasing importance in recent years and the long-term future of coal -derived energy supplies will have to include the greater use of low rank coal. However, the relatively low economic value due to the high moisture content and low calorific value, and other undesirable properties of lignite coals limited their use mainly to power generation at, or, close to, the mining site. Another important issue regarding the use of lignite is its environmental impact. A range of advanced combustion technologies has been developed to improve the efficiency of lignite-fired power generation. With modern technologies it is now possible to produce electricity economically from lignite while addressing environmental concerns. This report reviews the advanced technologies used in modern lignite-fired power plants with a focus on pulverised lignite combustion technologies. CFBC combustion processes are also reviewed in brief and they are compared with pulverised lignite combustion technologies. Acronyms and abbreviations CFB circulating fluidised bed CFBC circulating fluidised bed combustion CFD computational fluid dynamics CV calorific value EHE external heat exchanger GRE Great River Energy GWe gigawatts electric kJ/kg kilojoules per kilogram kWh kilowatts hour Gt billion tonnes FBC fluidised bed combustion FBHE fluidised bed heat exchanger FEGT furnace exit gas temperature FGD flue gas desulphurisation GJ
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
    CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitrinite Recycling: Diagnostic Criteria and Reflectance Changes During Weathering and Reburial
    Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial. Pierre Nzoussi - Mbassani, Yoann Copard, Jean-Robert Disnar To cite this version: Pierre Nzoussi - Mbassani, Yoann Copard, Jean-Robert Disnar. Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial.. International Journal of Coal Geology, Elsevier, 2005, 61, pp.223-239. 10.1016/j.coal.2004.08.002. hal-00023485 HAL Id: hal-00023485 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00023485 Submitted on 23 May 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial P. Nzoussi-Mbassani, Y. Copard and J.R. Disnar Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO- UMR 6113 du CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Bâtiment de Géosciences, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France Keywords: Recycled vitrinite; Autochthonous vitrinite; Vitrinite reflectance; Senegalese basin; Ardèche margin; Weathering Abstract The aim of this study was first to review or even identify reliable diagnostic criteria to distinguish recycled and autochthonous vitrinite particles and, second, to examine and try to explain the impact of weathering and reburial on optical changes (reflectance) of recycled material.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Characteristics
    CCTR Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research COAL CHARACTERISTICS CCTR Basic Facts File # 8 Brian H. Bowen, Marty W. Irwin The Energy Center at Discovery Park Purdue University CCTR, Potter Center, 500 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907-2022 http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/CCTR/ Email: [email protected] October 2008 1 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL FORMATION As geological processes apply pressure to peat over time, it is transformed successively into different types of coal Source: Kentucky Geological Survey http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/peatcoal.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm&h=354&w=579&sz= 20&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=NavOy9_5HD07pM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcoal%2Bphotos%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX 2 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL ANALYSIS Elemental analysis of coal gives empirical formulas such as: C137H97O9NS for Bituminous Coal C240H90O4NS for high-grade Anthracite Coal is divided into 4 ranks: (1) Anthracite (2) Bituminous (3) Sub-bituminous (4) Lignite Source: http://cc.msnscache.com/cache.aspx?q=4929705428518&lang=en-US&mkt=en-US&FORM=CVRE8 3 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR BITUMINOUS COAL Bituminous Coal: Great pressure results in the creation of bituminous, or “soft” coal. This is the type most commonly used for electric power generation in the U.S. It has a higher heating value than either lignite or sub-bituminous, but less than that of anthracite. Bituminous coal
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Development of Dry Coking/Coal
    Development of Coking/Coal Gasification Concept to Use Indiana Coal for the Production of Metallurgical Coke, Liquid Transportation Fuels, Fertilizer, and Bulk Electric Power Phase II Final Report September 30, 2007 Submitted by Robert Kramer, Ph.D. Director, Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center Purdue University Calumet Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………..…………… 3 List of Figures …………………………………………………………………… 5 List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………. 6 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 7 Process Description ……………………………………………………………. 11 Importance to Indiana Coal Use ……………………………………………… 36 Relevance to Previous Studies ………………………………………………. 40 Policy, Scientific and Technical Barriers …………………………………….. 49 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………. 50 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………… 52 2 Executive Summary Coke is a solid carbon fuel and carbon source produced from coal that is used to melt and reduce iron ore. Although coke is an absolutely essential part of iron making and foundry processes, currently there is a shortfall of 5.5 million tons of coke per year in the United States. The shortfall has resulted in increased imports and drastic increases in coke prices and market volatility. For example, coke delivered FOB to a Chinese port in January 2004 was priced at $60/ton, but rose to $420/ton in March 2004 and in September 2004 was $220/ton. This makes clear the likelihood that prices will remain high. This effort that is the subject of this report has considered the suitability of and potential processes for using Indiana coal for the production of coke in a mine mouth or local coking/gasification-liquefaction process. Such processes involve multiple value streams that reduce technical and economic risk. Initial results indicate that it is possible to use blended coal with up to 40% Indiana coal in a non recovery coke oven to produce pyrolysis gas that can be selectively extracted and used for various purposes including the production of electricity and liquid transportation fuels and possibly fertilizer and hydrogen.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Fundamental Difference Between Coal Rank and Coal Type
    International Journal of Coal Geology 118 (2013) 58–87 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo Review article On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe a,⁎, Achim Bechtel b,KimonChristanisc, Shifeng Dai d, William A. DiMichele e, Cortland F. Eble f,JoanS.Esterleg, Maria Mastalerz h,AnneL.Raymondi, Bruno V. Valentim j,NicolaJ.Wagnerk, Colin R. Ward l, James C. Hower m a Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA b Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montan Universität, Leoben, Austria c Department of Geology, University of Patras, 265.04 Rio-Patras, Greece d State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China e Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA f Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA g School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia h Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405-2208, USA i Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX 77843, USA j Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Geology Centre of the University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal k School Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, 2050, WITS, South Africa l School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia m University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA article info abstract Article history: This article addresses the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type.
    [Show full text]
  • Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: a Case
    applied sciences Article Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa Elelwani Denge * and Christopher Baiyegunhi Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. Abstract: The Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele colliery is one of the coal-bearing Late Palaeozoic units of the Karoo Supergroup, consisting of shale with thin coal seams and sandstones. Maceral group analysis was conducted on seven representative coal samples collected from three existing boreholes—OV125149, OV125156, and OV125160—in the Vele colliery to determine the coal rank and other intrinsic characteristics of the coal. The petrographic characterization revealed that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in the coals, representing up to 81–92 vol.% (mmf) of the total sample. Collotellinite is the dominant vitrinite maceral, with a total count varying between 52.4 vol.% (mmf) and 74.9 vol.% (mmf), followed by corpogelinite, collodetrinite, tellinite, and pseudovitrinite with a Citation: Denge, E.; Baiyegunhi, C. count ranging between 0.8 and 19.4 vol.% (mmf), 1.5 and 17.5 vol.% (mmf), 0.8 and 6.5 vol.% (mmf) Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of and 0.3 and 5.9 vol.% (mmf), respectively. The dominance of collotellinite gives a clear indication Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation that the coals are derived from the parenchymatous and woody tissues of roots, stems, and leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • C) an Introduction to Coal Quality
    Chapter C The National Coal Resource Assessment An Introduction to Coal Quality Overview By Stanley P. Schweinfurth1 Click here to return to Volume Table of Contents Chapter C of The National Coal Resource Assessment Overview Edited by Brenda S. Pierce and Kristin O. Dennen U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–F 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192 This report, although in the USGS Professional Paper series, is available only on CD–ROM U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Schweinfurth, S.P., 2009, An introduction to coal quality, in Pierce, B.S., and Dennen, K.O., eds., The National Coal Resource Assessment Overview: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–F, Chapter C, 16 p.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Discusses the Mechanical Properties of Processes
    Adv. Geosci., 45, 73–83, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-73-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Nanoindentation study of macerals in coals from the Ukrainian Donets Basin Sanja Vranjes1,2, David Misch1, Thomas Schöberl3, Daniel Kiener2, Doris Gross1, and Reinhard F. Sachsenhofer1 1Department Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, 8700, Austria 2Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Leoben, 8700, Austria 3Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, 8700, Austria Correspondence: Sanja Vranjes ([email protected]) Received: 29 May 2018 – Accepted: 26 July 2018 – Published: 7 August 2018 Abstract. This article discusses the mechanical properties of processes. Moreover, it is considered a substantial source macerals in Carboniferous coals from the Ukrainian Donets for methane which not only represents a mining hazard Basin, covering a maturity range from 0.62 to 1.47 %Rr (vit- but can also be utilized by modern unconventional produc- rinite reflectance). The inherent inhomogeneity of geological tion techniques (e.g. coal bed methane; CBM). However, samples requires characterization at the micro-/nanoscale, the producibility of coal bed methane depends on mechan- and hence material parameters, such as hardness H and re- ical properties and fracture behaviour of the hosting coals. duced elastic modulus Er, were obtained from twelve coal Coals are constituted by distinct organic components referred specimens via nanoindentation tests. Different material prop- to as macerals (vitrinite, liptinite, inertinite), and obtaining erties and maturity trends were acquired for the individual the mechanical properties of individual maceral particles is maceral groups (vitrinite, inertinite, liptinite).
    [Show full text]
  • High Calorific Value Coal Turkish and Global Outlook
    High calorific value coal Turkish and global outlook October 2014 2 Executive Summary Despite the fact that coal has notorious perception due to its impacts on the environment, it’s not possible to neglect its share in the global energy supply. Especially, in emerging markets with ever growing energy demand, cost and eligibility advantages bring coal into prominence. When a coal consumption analysis is conducted, it is evident that electricity and heat generation sector maintained its leadership with more than 3.8 billion tonnes in 2012. This situation can be seen in Turkey as well. Installed capacity of imported coal PPs in Turkish Uygar Yörük electricity market has passed 3.9 GW by the end Energy & Resources Industry Leader of the 2013. On account of increasing Turkish Partner electricity demand and economic advantages of imported coal, it wouldn’t be wrong to expect that imported coal PPs will show significant growth. In the first seven months of On the other side, all locations available to 2014, additional installed capacity of 950 MW imported coal power plants are already held connected to the grid. After the natural gas by investors and some of these projects will be investment boom in 2011, Turkish electricity naturally driven out of the competition. market has a new tendency to imported coal power plants. When global coal market is analysed, trends like China’s growing coal demand, shale gas Uncertainties related to natural gas power plants impact on coal prices and carbon policies and unexpected delays in lignite projects lead can be defined as major indicators that have investors to hard coal as a relatively more eligible determining role on coal pricing.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan
    U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan A Cover. Exposures of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation along the northeast flank of the Sor Range, Balochistan, Pakistan. Photograph by Stephen B. Roberts. Lithofacies, Depositional Environments, and Regional Stratigraphy of the Lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan By Edward A. Johnson, Peter D. Warwick, Stephen B. Roberts, and Intizar H. Khan U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1599 Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lithofacies, depositional environments, and regional stratigraphy of the lower Eocene Ghazij Formation, Balochistan, Pakistan / by Edward A. Johnson . .[et al.]. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1599) "Prepared in cooperation with the Geological Survey of Pakistan." Includes bibliographical references. 1. Geology, Stratigraphic—Eocene. 2. Geology—Pakistan— Balochistan. 3. Coal—Geology—Pakistan—Balochistan. 4. Ghazij Formation (Pakistan). I. Johnson, Edward A. (Edward Allison), 1940- . II. Series. QE692.2.L58 1999 553.2'4'0954915—dc21 98-3305 ISBN=0-607-89365-6 CIP CONTENTS Abstract..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]